Unit
3
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
Reading
and
Thinking:
Climate
Change
Requires
World
Attention
文本简析?
本单元探讨的话题是:环境保护。主题语境是“人与自然”——人与环境、人与动植物,人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系。本语篇是以《气候变化需要全球关注》,通过分析气候变化的成因和警示气候变化的影响,号召全人类采取恰当行动,减少碳排放,应对全球变暖。?
该文本是一篇议论性文本。全文共五段,主体部分按“现象呈现——案例佐证——原因解析——危害分析——观点对策”展开。第一段:全球气候剧烈变化,地球变得越来越暖;第二段:2013年北极熊饿死的案例证明了气候变暖对地球生态的影响;第三段:介绍两种温室效应,探究全球变暖的原因;第四段:揭示气候变暖会带来导致生命、财产损失的极端天气、自然灾害等危害;第五段:亮出观点,响应文题,并号召全球人民采取措施减少温室气体排放,应对全球变暖。?
在进行文本教学设计时,要引导学生使用阅读策略,根据标题、图片、图表和关键词等信息,预测和理解文本主要内容;梳理全球变暖、温室效应话题类语言,概况语篇语言和结构的特点;学习用简图展示抽象概念或进程;通过思考如何减少碳排放,培养批判性思维能力和创新性思维能力,提升分析问题、解决问题的能力。并把所学所悟迁移到日常生活中,鼓励学生成为索求有度、关爱生命、有社会责任感的人。?
教学设计(共2课时)?
第1课时?
一、教学内容?
感知全文概貌,明确文本结构划分,重点学习第一至三段,了解全球变暖的现象表现、警示案例及形成原因。?
二、课时目标?
2.通过快速阅读,查找段落主题句,概括段落大意,梳理段落关系,归纳文本结构,揣摩作者写作意图,发展逻辑思维能力。?
3.
通过文本分析以及问题链的解答,对文本第一至三段进行内容梳理,整理和丰富话题语言,辨识和归纳文本使用的写作方法,最后通过采访活动的形式复述巩固所学。?
三、教学过程?
Activity
1:
Arousing
interest
in
weather
and
climate
change?
本活动为实现课时目标1做铺垫。?
Students
observe
the
graph
of
the
7-day-weather
forecast
of
our
city
and
the
graph
in
the
textbook.
Discuss
the
following
questions.?
Q1:
How
many
years
of
the
temperature
change
does
the
graph
in
the
textbook
record??
Q2:
What
are
the
largest
temperature
differences
in
the
two
graphs??
Q3:
Compare
the
temperature
changes
in
the
two
graphs.
Is
the
temperature
rise
in
the
textbook
graph
a
big
deal??
【设计意图】创设语境,引入话题,围绕主题激活学生已知及学习兴趣。先用本市7天天气预报图创设情境,提高学生关注兴趣、减少表达焦虑,再通过问答形式引导学生关注课文配的全球地表气温变化图中的升温趋势、记录年限和最大温差,并比较两图显示的温度变化大小,引导学生思考温度上升对人类有无影响。一方面,激活学生就该话题已有的词汇、认知和经验;另一方面,除了训练学生通过读图获取主要信息的能力,还为后续挖掘主题意义、激发学生的批判性思维和创新性思维埋下伏笔。?
Activity
2:Predicting
the
content
of
the
text?
本活动旨在落实课时目标1。?
Students
look
at
the
photo
and
the
title
of
the
passage,
and
answer
the
questions.?
Q1:
What
might
be
the
causes
of
the
polar
bear’s
death??
S:
The
bear
might
die
of
hunger,
because
its
body
was
skinny.?
Q2:
What
might
we
learn
from
the
passage
according
to
the
title??
S:
Answers
may
vary.?
【设计意图】让学生根据图片和标题预测课文内容,锻炼学生的思维能力。?
Activity
3:Dealing
with
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph?
本活动旨在落实课时目标2。?
Students
skim
the
text
to
find
the
topic
sentences
and
get
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
【设计意图】引导学生通过运用略读阅读策略,寻找主题句并根据主题句对段落大意进行概括,整体把握文本内容,提升概括能力。?
Activity
4:Identifying
the
structure
of
the
passage?
本活动旨在落实课时目标2。?
Students
read
the
title
of
the
text
again,
go
over
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph
and
find
the
key
words.
Then
identify
the
structure
with
the
help
of
the
teacher.
?
3.
Figure
out
what
type
of
writing
the
text
is.?
S:
Argumentation.?
【设计意图】通过查找段落主题句,确定每段的段落大意;根据段落主旨关键词画出文本结构图,帮助学生更好地理解篇章结构,把握文本主线。?
Activity
5:Reading
for
the
detailed
information
in
paragraphs
1-3?
本活动旨在落实课时目标3。?
Students
read
the
passage,
answer
the
questions
and
fill
in
the
forms.?
1.
What
is
the
evidence
of
a
dramatic
climate
change
in
the
first
paragraph??
S:
A
warming
ocean
and
atmosphere,
melting
ice
and
rising
sea
levels.?
2.
Read
Paragraph
2
and
fill
in
the
form.?
An
Alarming
Case
3.
What
expressions
have
been
used
to
make
the
case
convincing??
S:
Quotations
from
authorities
or
specialists,
like
according
to
the
scientists,
an
expert
…
said
…,
and
experts
claimed
that
…?
4.
Read
Paragraph
3
and
fill
in
the
form.
5.
What
human
activity
will
produce
greenhouse
gases
and
increase
the
“man-made”
greenhouse
effect??
S:
Burning
fossil
fuels
like
coal,
oil
and
natural
gas.?
【设计意图】解构文本,引导学生运用一定的阅读策略,在加工表层信息的基础上对相关信息进行整合与阐释。不同段落处理的侧重点不同,比如第二段以内容为主,基于不同信息点的整合,形成信息链。第三段,以语言为核心指向,通过对对比修辞的研读达成更深入的理解。?
Activity
6:Thinking
and
Performing?
本活动旨在落实课时目标3。?
Group
work:
An
interview?
Interviewer:
a
reporter
from
an
international
school
newspaper?
Interviewee(s):
student(s)
in
the
international
school?
Topics:
global
warming
/
greenhouse
effect
/
greenhouse
gases
/
fossil
fuels?
Try
to
use
as
many
newly-learned
words
and
expressions
as
possible.?
【设计意图】采访任务旨在锻炼学生把从文本中获得的信息和习得的表达方式加以复述和巩固,并尽量与个人经历或生活之间建立有意义的联系,同时增强团队合作意识。?
Assignment?
1.
Surf
the
Internet
and
find
3-4
reasons
why
people
burn
fossil
fuels.?
2.
Read
Paragraph
3
again
and
create
your
own
diagram
to
describe
how
the
greenhouse
effect
works.?
3.
Finish
part
of
the
students’
worksheet.?
【设计意图】使用元认知策略,通过互联网查找语言学习所需的信息和材料,丰富对本节课最后一个活动所讨论的内容的认知,并为下节课的迁移创新类活动搭好脚手架。用简图视觉化第三段关于温室效应的较为复杂的科普信息,有助于学生掌握一种便捷高效的认知策略,借助图表等非语言信息进行表达。用相关习题内化和应用本节课所学的语言知识和文本信息。?
第2课时?
一、教学内容?
完成全文学习,加深对温室效应现象、全球变暖的成因与后果的理解,锻炼分析问题、解决问题的能力,通过迁移创新,完成给作者写信,讨论减少碳排放措施的任务。?
二、课时目标?
1.
展示优秀课后作业,复述上节课的重点内容,加强对简图的应用,加深对温室效应现象、导致全球变暖关键因素的理解。?
2.
细读第四、五段,概括、梳理、整合全球变暖的后果、作者给出的应对措施等信息。?
3.
结合所学,通过小组讨论、同伴分享、个人思考,用给作者回信的方式分享日常生活中切实可行的减少温室气体、减少碳排放和碳足迹的措施,提高思维品质和语言能力。?
三、教学过程?
Activity
1:Reviewing
the
homework
tasks?
本活动旨在落实课时目标1。?
Students
work
in
groups
to
pick
out
the
best
diagram
and
the
most
frequently
mentioned
reasons.
Then
exchange
and
share
ideas.?
1.
Group
presentation:
A
diagram
describing
how
the
greenhouse
effect
works.?
Each
group
picks
out
the
best
diagram
of
its
group.
One
member
sticks
it
on
the
blackboard
and
gives
a
short
explanation
of
how
the
greenhouse
effect
works.?
2.
Group
presentation:
Why
do
people
burn
fossil
fuels??
Each
group
picks
out
3
most
frequently
mentioned
reasons.?
Divide
the
reasons
into
different
categories.?
【设计意图】此活动是热身环节,作为第一课时作业的展示,学生需要整合运用简图、语言、内容与结构进行简单复述。作业1用展示各组最佳简图的方式,综合训练学生通过听说读看“画”多轮活动,复现目标词汇,熟悉使用英文表达温室效应的原理,强化对全球变暖原因的深度理解。作业2用写词条的方式,综合呈现各组对产生大量温室气体的使用化石燃料原因的搜集与整理,是对课文内容的有效补充,并为后续活动3这一环节找出针对性的解决措施做好铺垫。?
Activity
2:Reading
for
the
detailed
information
in
paragraphs
4-5?
本活动旨在落实课时目标2。?
这一活动中,作者的观点即全文论点即末段第二句(主题句)应当突出处理。?
Students
read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
forms.?
1.
What
examples
of
extreme
weather
and
natural
disasters
do
you
know
and
what
are
their
effects?
2.
What
measures
should
be
taken
to
deal
with
global
warming?
3.
What
adjectives
and
adverbs
has
the
author
used
to
suggest
his
attitude
towards
global
warming
and
what
is
his
attitude?
?
The
author
must
think
that
global
warming
is
the
most
serious
issue
and
requires
urgent
attention.?
【设计意图】通过问题链,帮助学生重构文本信息,提升分析梳理信息的能力;通过查找形容词、副词深层理解作者的情感态度和观点这条暗线,锻炼推断作者的意图和态度的能力。?
Activity
3:Thinking
and
writing?
本活动旨在落实课时目标3。?
1.
Mini-writing:
Write
a
letter
to
the
author
about
what
you
will
do
to
help.?
Group
leader
picks
one
topic
from
the
previous
presentation
of
homework
2?
Use
1+2+3
method
(1
sentence
pattern,
2
phrases,
3
n./v./adj.
learnt
from
this
reading
text)?
60-80
words,
10
minutes
to
prepare?
2.
Emphasize
the
saying
of
this
unit.?
Need
vs.
greed;
share
vs.
protect.?
【设计意图】利用本节课活动1作业复习环节中各组总结出的使用化石燃料的原因,每组抽取一个原因,引导学生通过自主合作探究的学习方式,在新的语境当中,应用所学语言,给作者写一封信,告知他你为减少温室气体、减少碳足迹将采取的措施,从而一方面和这节课的第一个活动首尾呼应,另一方面也和课文的最后一句提问相呼应,并形成学生与文本、与作者的关联与互动。最后,用单元格言强调人类要和自然和谐共生,帮助学生认识到在生命之圈中人与万物平等,而且相互影响;人类生存需要获取所需,但绝不应贪婪。把所学所悟迁移到对自己行为的影响,从而鼓励学生努力成为一名索求有度、关爱生命、有社会责任感的人。?
Assignment?
Polish
your
letter
to
the
author.?
【设计意图】结合所学,迁移创新,锻炼分析问题、解决问题的能力。在真实情境中锻炼主题语言的精确输出,综合应用所学语言,有效陈述个人观点和情感,传递信息,并培养学生的思维。?
One
possible
version:?
Dear
author,?
There
is
strong
evidence
that
burning
fossil
fuels
produces
extra
greenhouse
gases
and
worsens
global
warming.
We
should
take
immediate
actions
to
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions.?
First,
I
will
restrict
my
use
of
energy
by
turning
off
lights
when
leaving
the
room.
Second,
I
will
tell
my
parents
to
buy
a
solar
water-heater
to
replace
the
gas
water-heater.
Third,
I
will
wear
more
clothes
to
keep
warm
in
winter
instead
of
using
the
electric
heater.?
All
in
all,
I
will
seize
every
opportunity
to
reduce
my
carbon
footprint.
Thank
you
for
educating
us
about
global
warming.?
Yours,
Reader