2022届高考英语二轮复习必考点复习:冠词的用法 学案(含答案)

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名称 2022届高考英语二轮复习必考点复习:冠词的用法 学案(含答案)
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高考英语必考点复习:冠词的用法
冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词,是历年高考的必考点,常出现在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中,也是我们高考复习的一大重点。
[不定冠词的用法]
1.
不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,an用在以元音音素开头的词前。如:
In
a
university,
a
European
and
a
one-eyed
man
walked
along
a
one-way
road
with
a
useful
tool.
This
is
a
usual
thing.
An
hour
ago,an
honest
man
accepted
an
unusual
gift
and
went
to
finish
an
honorable
task.
2.
不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。如:
The
“Chinese
Dream”
is
a
dream
to
improve
peoples
well-being
and
a
dream
of
harmony,peace
and
development.
3.
表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。如:
When
the
Ashleys
tried
to
make
her
return,
Mumbet
consulted
a
lawyer,
Theodore
Sedgewick.
4.
用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。如:
—Excuse
me,is
there
a
Mr.
Tailor
living
in
the
neighborhood?There
is
a
parcel
for
him.
—Sorry,but
there
is
no
such
person
here.
5.
不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。如:
She
didnt
like
the
color
of
the
two
bags
and
asked
for
a
third
one.
6.
表示单位时间内的频度,含有“每”的概念。如:
The
medicine
is
to
be
taken
three
times
a
day.
7.
具有动作意义的名词在与have,take,make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时,前面要加不定冠词。如:
take
a
look
看一看
have
a
try
试一试
You
had
better
go
to
the
factory
and
have
a
look.
8.
不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如:
a
waste
of
浪费……
all
of
a
sudden
突然地
as
a
rule
通常
9.
不定冠词的用法口诀
泛指单数和首提,某个/每个/又一个;
物质名词具体化,相同还是抽象词;
三餐四季有修饰,感叹句中有名单。
注释:
泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前;
表示又一个,某一个(a
second,a
certain
...);
具体化的物质名词和抽象名词前(a
success,a
surprise
...);
有修饰词的三餐和四季前(a
wonderful
supper
...);
感叹句中有单数可数名词(What
a
lovely
girl!...)

10.
有些单词以元音字母开头,但读音却以辅音开头,这些单词前要用不定冠词a;相反,有些以辅音字母开头、读音却以元音开头的单词前要用不定冠词an。如:a
useful
book,an
hour,an
honest
child等。
例1
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
But
unlike
her
school
friends,
16-year-old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half-term
resting(rest).
Instead,
she
is
earning
$6500
a
day
as
62
model
in
New
York.
解析
a。考查冠词。model是可数名词,前面没有限定词,而此处泛指“一个”,故填a。
[定冠词的用法]
1.
用在名词前表示特指。如:
—Did
you
enjoy
yourself
yesterday?
—Yes,as
you
know,the
party
went
on
in
a
pleasant
atmosphere.
2.
用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。如:
Do
you
know
who
invented
the
telephone?
3.
用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较,表示特指的时候)和最高级前。如:
Do
you
know
which
story
is
the
more
interesting
of
the
two?
4.
用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。如:
Marco
Polo
is
said
to
have
sailed
on
the
Pacific
Ocean
on
his
way
to
Java
in
the
thirteenth
century.endprint
5.
定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。如:
Many
of
the
injured
are
still
in
danger.
6.
用在表示计量的名词前如by
the
hour,by
the
dozen等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by
weight,by
height等。如:
—Its
said
John
will
be
in
a
job
paying
over
$
60,000
a
year.
—Right,he
will
also
get
paid
by
the
week.
7.
定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示全家人或夫妻俩。如:
The
Whites
settled
down
in
Canada
last
year.
8.
用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。如:
the
east
东部
play
the
piano
弹钢琴
9.
定冠词的用法口诀:
特指双知上文提,独一无二普遍专;
方位顺序最高级,赛项乐器影剧院;
姓氏复数一家人,形容词前可数单;
群岛河山江湖海,沙漠海峡和海湾。
阶级党派国全名,组织团体与机关。
连续应用比较级,朝代年代按天算。
例2
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
Around
me
in
picture
are
the
things
which
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time:
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
解析
picture前加the或this。考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词,根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。
[零冠词和冠词使用情况对比]
1.“by+表示交通工具的名词”结构中,名词前一般不加冠词;但是如果该名词前有定语,介词就不能用by,名词前也要用限定词。如:
He
went
to
Beijing
by
train.
I
came
here
on
my
old
bike.
2.
and连接的两个名词指同一个人或事物时,后面一个名词前不用任何冠词;但如果分别指不同的人或事物,则两个名词前要分别加冠词。如:
The
teacher
and
writer
has
come
to
the
meeting.
The
teacher
and
the
writer
have
come
to
the
meeting.
3.
在表示季节、月份、日期、星期等的名词前通常不用任何冠词;但是如果该类名词前有修饰语时,要用不定冠词。如:
Spring
is
the
best
season
of
the
year.
The
spring
of
2008
was
a
terrible
spring.
4.
school,hospital,church等词表示建筑物的用途时,常不用任何冠词;但是当这些词表示场所时要加冠词。如:
He
is
very
ill
and
has
to
go
to
hospital.
I
am
going
to
the
hospital
to
visit
a
sick
friend.
5.
在以festival组成的节日前通常用定冠词;但是如果是以day组成的节日,其前通常不加任何冠词。如:
Every
person
in
China
enjoys
themselves
in
the
Spring
Festival.
Christmas
Day
is
approaching.
6.
语言类名词前通常不用任何冠词,但是如果该种语言与language连用时,则其前要用定冠词。如:
He
speaks
Chinese
fluently.
=He
speaks
the
Chinese
language
fluently.
7.
形容词的最高级表示与自身比较时,其前一般不用任何冠词;但如果是在三者或多者之间比较,则the不能省略。如:
He
feels
happiest
when
hes
working
for
others.
The
best
student
in
my
class
is
the
shortest
boy
with
the
shortest
hair.
8.
表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称呼的名词作表语、同位语或补语时,其前一般不用任何冠词,但是如果这样的名词在句中作主语,则前面须加the。如:
Mr.
Smith
is
head
of
the
company.
The
head
of
the
company
is
Mr.
Smith.
9.
抽象名词表示一般概念时,其前不用冠词;但是如果表示具体的人或物,需要用不定冠词。如:
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
The
sports
meeting
was
a
great
success.
10.
物质名词表示一般概念时,其前不用任何冠词;但如果表示特指或该物质名词表示具体事物,则其前用冠词。如:
We
dont
have
much
rain
here,
but
last
night
we
had
a
heavy
rain.
例3
I
am
not
fond
of
music
very
much,
but
I
do
like
music
they
are
dancing
to.
A.
/;/
B.
the;the
C.
the;/
D.
/;the
解析
D。句意:我不太喜欢音乐,但是我的确很喜欢他们伴舞的音乐。第一空后的music表示泛指,是不可数名词,不需要加冠词。第二空后的music后面有定语从句they
are
dancing
to修饰,特指他们伴舞的音乐,故用定冠词the修饰。endprint