外研版（2019）选择性必修一：Unit 1 Laugh out loud! Discovering Useful Structures课后作业（含答案）

课后作业(二)　Unit
1　
Section
Ⅱ　Discovering
Useful
Structures
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Bill
Gates
and
the
president
of
General
Motors
have
met
for
lunch,
and
Bill
is
going
on
and
on
about
computer
technology.
“If
automotive
technology
had
kept
pace
with
computer
technology
over
the
past
few
decades,
you
would
now
be
driving
a
V?32
instead
of
a
V?8,
and
it
would
have
a
top
speed
of
10,000
miles
per
hour，”
says
Gates.
“Or,
you
could
have
an
economy
car
that
weighs
30
pounds
and
gets
a
thousand
miles
to
a
gallon
of
gas.
In
either
case,
the
sticker
price
of
a
new
car
would
be
less
than
$50.
Why
haven't
you
guys
kept
up？”
The
president
of
GM
smiles
and
says,
“Because
the
federal
government
won't
let
us
build
cars
that
crash
four
times
a
day.”
Why
is
that
funny
(or
not
funny,
as
the
case
may
be)?
Human
beings
love
to
laugh,
and
the
average
adult
laughs
17
times
a
day.
Humans
love
to
laugh
so
much
that
there
are
actually
industries
built
around
laughter.
Jokes,
sitcoms
and
comedians
are
all
designed
to
get
us
laughing,
because
laughing
feels
good.
For
us
it
seems
so
natural,
but
the
funny
thing
is
that
humans
are
one
of
the
only
species
that
laughs.
Laughter
is
actually
a
complex
response
that
involves
many
of
the
same
skills
used
in
solving
problems.
Laughter
is
a
great
thing—that's
why
we've
all
heard
the
saying,
“Laughter
is
the
best
medicine.”
There
is
strong
evidence
that
laughter
can
actually
improve
health
and
help
fight
disease.
In
this
article,
we'll
look
at
laughter—what
it
is,
what
happens
in
our
brains
when
we
laugh,
what
makes
us
laugh
and
how
it
can
make
us
healthier
and
happier.
You'll
also
learn
that
there's
a
tremendous
amount
that
no
one
understands
yet.
1．What's
the
Best
Title
of
the
Passage?
A．Laughter
B．The
Joke
Between
Gates
and
the
President
of
General
Motors
C．Why
Do
We
Laugh?
D．Laughter
and
Health
2．Which
one
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
passage?
A．Computer
technology
has
developed
quickly
during
the
past
few
decades.
B．Automotive
technology
has
developed
as
fast
as
computer
technology
according
to
Bill
Gates.
C.
The
president
of
GM
thinks
it
is
impossible
to
build
cars
worth
less
than
50
dollars.
D．If
cars
were
less
than
50
dollars,
a
large
number
of
accidents
would
happen
per
day.
3．The
underlined
word
“sitcoms”
in
Paragraph
3
means
“________”．
A．situation
comedies
B．tragedies
C．body
language
D．fictions
4．This
passage
is
most
probably
an
________.
A．introduction
of
an
article
about
Microsoft
B．introduction
of
an
article
about
laughter
C．article
about
laughter
D．introduction
of
an
article
about
General
Motors
B
In
addition
to
their
daily
tasks,
the
brave
Mars
pioneers
will
also
have
to
be
ready
to
deal
with
all
kinds
of
medical
emergencies.
Common
colds
and
headaches
may
be
easy
to
deal
with
medication.
To
help
them
with
more
serious
issues,
like
severe
skin
burns
or
bone
fractures,
scientists
from
the
Dresden
University
of
Technology
(TUD)
have
developed
a
3D
bio?printer
capable
of
producing
human
tissue
in
space.
3D
bio?printers
are
similar
to
traditional
3D
printers
with
one
key
difference.
Instead
of
creating
objects
from
materials
like
plastic,
they
deposit
layers
of
biomaterial,
made
largely
from
living
cells,
to
build
complex
human
tissue.
Since
the
raw
material
is
not
readily
available,
researchers
begin
by
taking
a
few
cells
from
the
required
organ,
such
as
lung
or
skin,
and
cultivating
(培养)
them
in
the
laboratory.
Once
enough
cells
have
been
generated,
they
are
used
to
create
“bio?ink，”
which
is
loaded
into
the
printer.
This,
as
you
can
imagine,
is
no
easy
task,
and
despite
trying
for
many
years,
scientists
have
still
not
been
able
to
regenerate
human
organs
for
widespread
use.
Bio?printing
in
space
has
even
more
challenges.
The
biggest
is
finding
cells
to
cultivate
and
create
the
required
bio?ink.
The
TUD
scientists
believe
the
difficulty
can
be
overcome
by
using
cells
from
the
injured
astronaut.
“Using
biomaterial
from
the
astronauts
themselves
also
eliminates
the
risk
of
transplant
rejection，”
says
Nieves
Cubo
Mateo,
a
bio?printing
specialist
at
TUD.
The
TUD
researchers,
who
revealed
the
first
bio?printed
bone
and
skin
samples,
believe
that
once
developed,
the
technology
could
help
astronauts
treat
acute
injuries.
Tommaso
Ghidini,
head
of
ESA's
Structures,
Mechanisms
and
Materials
Division
says,
“Carrying
enough
medical
supplies
for
all
possibilities
would
be
impossible
in
the
limited
space
and
mass
of
a
spacecraft.
Instead,
a
3D
bio?printing
capability
will
let
them
respond
to
medical
emergencies
as
they
arise.”
5．What
makes
3D
bio?printers
different
from
traditional
3D
printers?
A．The
efficiency
of
work.
B．The
principle
of
operation.
C．The
progress
to
make
objects.
D．The
material
used
to
make
objects.
6．What
is
the
biggest
obstacle
of
using
bio?printing
in
space?
A．How
to
get
raw
material.
B．How
to
reduce
the
risk
of
rejection.
C．How
to
deal
with
more
serious
issues.
D．How
to
take
cells
from
the
injured
astronaut.
7．Which
can
replace
the
underlined
word
“eliminates”
in
paragraph
4?
A．Increases.
B．Removes.
C．Takes.
D．Assesses.
8．What's
Tommaso
Ghidini's
attitude
to
3D
bio?printer?
A．Doubtful.
B．Supportive.
C．Objective.
D．Indifferent.
Ⅱ.七选五
There
is
an
English
saying
that
goes,
“He
who
laughs
last
laughs
best.”
High
School
Musical
star
Zac
Efron
is
laughing
a
lot
these
days.
__1__
Because
he
was
always
the
smallest
in
his
class
and
was
laughed
at
because
he
had
a
big
space
between
his
teeth.
In
sixth
grade,
Efron's
basketball
team
wanted
to
win
the
championship.
In
overtime,
with
three
seconds
left,
he
grabbed
the
ball
but
passed
it
to
the
wrong
team!
__2__
__3__
Now
at
21,
Efron
is
one
of
People
Magazine's
100
Most
Beautiful
People,
graces
(荣登)
the
cover
of
Entertainment
Weekly,
Hollywood's
most
influential
magazine,
and
is
traveling
the
world
promoting
the
third
High
School
Musical
film.
Director
Adam
Shankman
described
Efron
as
“arguably
the
biggest
teen
star
in
America
right
now”.
Simply
google
“Zac
Efron”，
and
you
get
more
than
14
million
responses.
Yes,
it
seems
Efron
has
a
lot
to
smile
about
these
days.
Efron
was
born
and
raised
in
California.
__4__
According
to
Efron,
“He
would
flip
out
(发疯)
if
he
got
a
B
and
not
an
A
in
school,
and
he
was
a
class
clown.”
It
was
his
father
who
encouraged
him
to
act.
__5__
He
also
took
singing
lessons.
He
graduated
from
high
school
in
2006
and
was
accepted
at
the
University
of
Southern
California
to
study
film.
But
he
put
it
off—why
not
study
movies
when
you
can
star
in
them?
Efron
has
risen
all
the
way
to
the
top
of
the
movie
business.
And
he
can
now
laugh
all
the
way
to
the
bank.
A．He
owed
his
success
a
lot
to
his
father.
B．But
history,
as
they
say,
is
a
thing
of
the
past.
C．He
took
part
in
school
performances
and
acted
in
a
local
theater.
D．When
he
was
young,
Efron
was
an
unqualified
basketball
player.
E．He
took
school
seriously.
F．They
scored
and
his
team
lost
the
game.
G．As
a
young
boy,
Efron
was
picked
on
by
his
classmates.
详解答案
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　作者通过比尔·盖茨和通用汽车公司总裁的幽默谈话向我们讲述了“笑”的作用：促进身体健康，增强抵抗疾病的能力。
1．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。综观全文可以看出，文章通过一个幽默引出了笑的作用：可以增进我们的身体健康，增强抵抗疾病的能力。
2．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。文章第一段的“If
automotive
technology
had...
instead
of
a
V?8”用的是虚拟语气，故该句中的描述与事实不符。
3．答案与解析：A　
词义猜测题。该词的意思应和此句前面的“Jokes
(笑话)”以及后面的“comedians
(喜剧演员)”接近，故选A。而“tragedies
(悲剧)”“body
language
(身势语)”“fictions
(小说)”均不在此列。
4．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。由最后一段的后半部分尤其是“In
this
article,
we'll...”可以看出，该文是一篇文章的引言，用来吸引读者，介绍文章的内容。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了为了帮助宇航员在太空解决严重的皮肤烧伤或骨折的问题，来自德累斯顿理工大学(TUD)的科学家开发了一种能够在太空中产生人体组织的3D生物打印机。
5．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“3D
bio?printers
are
similar
to
traditional
3D
printers
with
one
key
difference.
Instead
of
creating
objects
from
materials
like
plastic,
...”可知，这款生物打印机与传统的区别在于：打印的原材料不同。故选D项。
6．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段的“The
biggest
is
finding
cells
to
cultivate
and
create
the
required
bio?ink.”可知，在太空使用生物打印机的最大困难是怎么找到打印原材料。故选A项。
7．答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Using
biomaterial
from
the
astronauts
themselves
also
eliminates
the
risk
of
transplant
rejection.”可知，此处是说用宇航员自己的生物材料也可以消除排异的风险。故选B项。
8．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Instead,
a
3D
bio?printing
capability
will
let
them
respond
to
medical
emergencies
as
they
arise.”可推知，Tommaso
Ghidini对于3D生物打印机是很赞同的。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文主要阐述了谚语“He
who
laughs
last
laughs
best.
(笑到最后的人才笑得最好)”，并通过Zac
Efron的故事进行说明。
【高频词汇】　1.promote
v.
促进；推销　2.graduate
from
从……毕业　3.put
off
推迟
1．答案与解析：G　根据下文Because
he
was
always
the
smallest
in
his
class(因为他总是班里最弱小的)可知，G项“As
a
young
boy,
Efron
was
picked
on
by
his
classmates.”符合题意。
2．答案与解析：F　根据上文he
grabbed
the
ball
but
passed
it
to
the
wrong
team(他抢到了球，但却把球传给了对手)可知，F项“They
scored
and
his
team
lost
the
game.”符合题意。
3．答案与解析：B　根据下文Now
at
21,
Efron
is
one
of
People
Magazine's
100
Most
Beautiful
People,
graces(荣登)
the
cover
of
Entertainment
Weekly,
Hollywood's
most
influential
magazine可知，现在的Efron与以前完全不一样了，成了一个名人。故B项“But
history,
as
they
say,
is
a
thing
of
the
past.”符合题意。
4．答案与解析：E　根据下文According
to
Efron,
“He
would
flip
out
(发疯)
if
he
got
a
B
and
not
an
A
in
school,
and
he
was
a
class
clown.”可知，如果他某一门学科得了B而没有得到A，他就会发疯。故E项“He
took
school
seriously.”符合题意。
5．答案与解析：C　根据上文It
was
his
father
who
encouraged
him
to
act.
(是他的父亲鼓励他去表演的。)可知，本句应该是与表演相关的内容，故C项“He
took
part
in
school
performances
and
acted
in
a
local
theater.”符合题意。