外研版（2019）选择性必修一：Unit 5 Revealing nature Using language课后作业（含答案）

课后作业(十五)　Unit
5
Section
Ⅲ　Using
language
&
Developing
ideas　　
阅读理解
A
Animals
can
move
from
place
to
place,
but
plants
cannot,
When
an
animal
is
under
attack,
it
can
run
away
or
fight
back,
Plants
certainly
cannot
run
away,
and
they
lack
teeth
and
claws.
But
plants
can
defend
themselves
by
using
both
physical
and
chemical
means.
Some
plants
have
their
own
ways
to
keep
animals
away.
For
example,
the
leaves
of
the
holly
plant
have
sharp
spines
(刺)
that
discourage
grass eating
animals.
Holly
on
lower
branches
have
more
spines
than
leaves
on
upper
branches.
This
is
because
the
lower
leaves
are
easier
for
most
animals
to
reach.
Some
plants,
such
as
the
oak
tree,
have
thick
and
hard
leaves
that
are
difficult
for
animals
to
eat.
Some
grass
may
contain
a
sandy
material;
eating
such
grass
wears
down
the
animals'
teeth.
Many
plants
also
have
chemical
defenses.
Some
plants
produce
chemicals
that
taste
bitter
or
cause
an
unpleasant
reaction.
Some
plants
may
fight
against
an
attack
by
increasing
the
production
of
these
chemicals.
When
a
caterpillar
(毛虫)
bites
a
tobacco
leaf,
the
leaf
produces
a
chemical
messenger.
This
messenger
sends
the
roots
the
information
to
produce
more
nicotine.
The
higher
levels
of
nicotine
discourage
the
caterpillar.
Many
plants
depend
on
both
physical
and
chemical
defenses.
A
certain
plant
in
China,
for
instance,
has
prickly
(多刺的)
leaves,
and
each
prickle
contains
poisonous
venom
(毒液).
A
single
experience
with
this
kind
of
plant
will
teach
an
animal
to
stay
away
from
it
in
the
future.
1．The
leaves
of
the
holly
plant
have
more
spines
on
the
lower
branches
because
most
animals
________.
A．are
not
tall
enough
B．like
the
lower
leaves
only
C．are
not
clever
enough
D．can
get
the
lower
leaves
easily
2．To
defend
themselves,
oak
trees
use
________.
A．chemical
means
B．physical
means
C．bitter
chemicals
D．sandy
materials
3．How
does
tobacco
protect
itself
against
an
attack
from
a
caterpillar
A．Its
leaves
fight
against
the
attack
by
physical
means.
B．Its
roots
send
a
messenger
to
discourage
the
caterpillar.
C．Its
roots
increase
the
production
of
nicotine
when
it
is
attacked.
D．Its
leaves
produce
poisonous
sand
to
drive
the
caterpillar
away.
4．What
would
be
the
best
title
for
this
passage
A．Plants
and
Animals
B．How
Plants
Defend
Themselves
C．Attacks
and
Defenses
D．How
Animals
Eat
Plants'
Leaves
B
Surviving
Hurricane
Sandy
(飓风桑迪)
Natalie
Doan,
14,
has
always
felt
lucky
to
live
in
Rockaway,
New
York.
Living
just
a
few
blocks
from
the
beach,
Natalie
can
see
the
ocean
and
hear
the
waves
from
her
house.
“It's
the
ocean
that
makes
Rockaway
so
special，”
she
says.
On
October
29,
2012,
that
ocean
turned
fierce.
That
night,
Hurricane
Sandy
attacked
the
East
Coast,
and
Rockaway
was
hit
especially
hard.
Fortunately,
Natalie's
family
escaped
to
Brooklyn
shortly
before
the
city's
bridges
closed.
When
they
returned
to
Rockaway
the
next
day,
they
found
their
neighborhood
in
ruins.
Many
of
Natalie's
friends
had
lost
their
homes
and
were
living
far
away.
All
around
her,
people
were
suffering,
especially
the
elderly.
Natalie's
school
was
so
damaged
that
she
had
to
temporarily
attend
a
school
in
Brooklyn.
In
the
following
few
days,
the
men
and
women
helping
Rockaway
recover
inspired
Natalie.
Volunteers
came
with
carloads
of
donated
clothing
and
toys.
Neighbors
devoted
their
spare
time
to
helping
others
rebuild.
Teenagers
climbed
dozens
of
flights
of
stairs
to
deliver
water
and
food
to
elderly
people
trapped
in
powerless
high rise
buildings.
“My
mom
tells
me
that
I
can't
control
what
happens
to
me，”
Natalie
says，“but
I
can
always
choose
how
I
deal
with
it.”
Natalie's
choice
was
to
help.
She
created
a
website
page,
matching
survivors
in
need
with
donors
who
wanted
to
help.
Natalie
posted
information
about
a
boy
named
Patrick,
who
lost
his
baseball
card
collection
when
his
house
burned
down.
Within
days,
Patrick's
collection
was
replaced.
In
the
coming
months,
her
website
page
helped
lots
of
kids:
Christopher,
who
received
a
new
basketball;
Charlie,
who
got
a
new
keyboard.
Natalie
also
worked
with
other
organizations
to
bring
much needed
supplies
to
Rockaway.
Her
efforts
made
her
a
famous
person.
Last
April,
she
was
invited
to
the
White
House
and
honored
as
a
Hurricane
Sandy
Champion
of
Change.
Today,
the
scars
(创痕)
of
destruction
are
still
seen
in
Rockaway,
but
hope
is
in
the
air.
The
streets
are
clear,
and
many
homes
have
been
rebuilt.
“I
can't
imagine
living
anywhere
but
Rockaway，”
Natalie
declares.
“My
neighborhood
will
be
back,
even
stronger
than
before.”
5．When
Natalie
returned
to
Rockaway
after
the
hurricane,
she
found
________.
A．some
friends
had
lost
their
lives
B．her
neighborhood
was
destroyed
C．her
school
had
moved
to
Brooklyn
D．the
elderly
were
free
from
suffering
6．According
to
Paragraph
4,
who
inspired
Natalie
most
A．The
people
helping
Rockaway
rebuild.
B．The
people
trapped
in
high rise
buildings.
C．The
volunteers
donating
money
to
survivors.
D．Local
teenagers
bringing
clothing
to
elderly
people.
7．How
did
Natalie
help
the
survivors
A．She
gave
her
toys
to
other
kids.
B．She
took
care
of
younger
children.
C．She
called
on
the
White
House
to
help.
D．She
built
an
information
sharing
platform.
8．What
does
the
story
intend
to
tell
us
A．Little
people
can
make
a
big
difference
B．A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed
C．East
or
west,
home
is
best
D．Technology
is
power
C
On
World
Mental
Health
Day
(10
October),
employees
at
our
Melbourne
office
in
Australia,
held
a
morning
tea
event
to
raise
funds
for
ReachOut
Australia—an
online
mental
health
organization
for
young
people
and
their
parents.
The
event
included
a
raffle
(抽奖)
with
the
winner
receiving
a
free
“mental
health
day”
and
the
runner
up
receiving
a
half day.
Mental
health
days
are
personal
days
taken
off
of
work
that
are
not
deducted
(扣除)
from
annual
leave
balances.
They
are
designed
to
enable
employees
to
practice
self care
and
spend
time
doing
more
of
what
makes
them
feel
happy
and
refreshed.
As
well
as
the
morning
tea,
the
Melbourne
office
held
a
“Stress
Down
Day”
where
employees
wore
casual,
comfortable
clothes
(such
as
tracksuits
and
slippers)
to
work
by
donation.
The
proceeds
from
this
were
also
donated
to
ReachOut
Australia,
along
with
money
raised
at
the
morning
tea.
OUP
HR
(牛津大学出版社人力资源)
Administrator
Abigail
Jenkins,
explains，“Being
able
to
raise
money
for
ReachOut
Australia
is
so
meaningful
as
many
young
people
in
Australia
experience
clinically
significant
mental
health
issues
but
are
not
receiving
support.
It's
my
belief
that
nobody
should
be
suffering
like
that,
let
alone
our
young
people.
Supporting
an
organization
that
aims
to
provide
free,
accessible,
and
immediate
help
is
really
meaningful
to
everyone
here.”
In
order
to
promote
mental
health
awareness
within
the
team,
the
various
fundraising
activities
were
supported
by
a
presentation
from
the
Black
Dog
Institute,
covering
mental
health
in
the
workplace,
how
to
recognize
early
warning
signs,
and
how
to
care
for
ourselves
and
others.
9．Why
did
the
staff
members
of
Melbourne
office
hold
the
morning
tea
event
A．To
celebrate
World
Mental
Day.
B．To
help
treat
those
with
disabilities.
C．To
collect
money
for
young
people
and
their
parents.
D．To
collect
money
for
an
online
mental
health
organization.
10．What
does
the
underlined
word
“They”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to
A．Balances.
B．Events.
C．Organizations.
D．Mental
health
days.
11．What
can
be
inferred
from
Abigail
Jenkins'
words
A．Many
young
people
offer
to
help.
B．Many
young
people
suffer
mental
problems
in
Australia.
C．We
should
support
an
organization
to
help
those
with
mental
health
problems.
D．Many
people
with
mental
health
problems
don't
get
help
from
the
government.
12．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
text
A．How
is
World
Mental
Health
Day
formed.
B．ReachOut
Australia
carried
out
a
presentation
for
those
with
mental
problems.
C．Fundraising
activities
are
held
to
support
those
with
mental
health
problems
in
Australia.
D．The
Black
Dog
Institute
performed
activities
to
support
those
with
mental
health
problems.
详解答案
阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　文章属于说明文。介绍不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的，有些植物采取了物理学上的方法，有些采取了化学上的方法，使自己免受动物的伤害，保护自己。
1．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的This
is
because
the
lower
leaves
are
easier
for
most
animals
to
reach.可知选D项。
2．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Some
plants,
such
as
the
oak
tree,
have
thick
and
hard
leaves
that
are
difficult
for
animals
to
eat.可知橡树有厚的、坚硬的叶子，使用的是物理学上的方法来保护自己。故B项正确。
3．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的When
a
caterpillar
(毛虫)
bites
a
tobacco
leaf,
the
leaf
produces
a
chemical
messenger.
This
messenger
sends
the
roots
the
information
to
produce
more
nicotine.可知树根引起分泌出更多的尼古丁，故C项正确。
4．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的，有些植物采取了物理学上的方法，有些采取了化学上的方法，使自己免受动物的伤害，保护自己。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了一个女孩在家乡小镇遭遇飓风后，尽自己的力量创建了一个信息分享网站来帮助人们重建家园。文章告诉我们：只要尽力，小人物也会有大贡献。
5．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句When
they
returned
to
Rockaway
the
next
day,
they
found
their
neighborhood
in
ruins.可知Natalie回到Rockaway时，发现社区的房子都被毁了。故选B。
6．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句In
the
following
few
day,
the
men...
inspired
Natalie.可知，是那些帮助重建Rockaway的人们鼓舞了Natalie。故选A。
7．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第七段第一句She
created
a
website
page,
matching
survivors
in
need
with
donors
who
wanted
to
help.可知，Natalie创建了一个信息共享平台来帮助幸存者。故选D。
8．答案与解析：A　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个小女孩在家乡遭遇飓风后，尽自己的力量帮助幸存者的故事。文章旨在告诉我们：在危机来临时，每个人都可以贡献出自己的一份力量。A项“小人物也会有大贡献”符合文章主旨。故选A。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在世界心理健康日这天，墨尔本办公室的工作人员为提高人们的心理健康意识，举行了各种形式的募捐活动。
9．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to
raise
funds
for
ReachOut
Australia—an
online
mental
health
organization
for
young
people
and
their
parents”可知，墨尔本办公室的工作人员之所以组织早茶活动是为了帮助一个在线心理健康组织筹款。故选D。
10．答案与解析：D　指代判断题。根据画线词前一句“Mental
health
days
are
personal
days
taken
off
of
work
that
are
not
deducted
(扣除)
from
annual
leave
balances.”以及画线词所在句中的“to
enable
employees
to
practice
self care
and
spend
time
doing
more
of
what
makes
them
feel
happy
and
refreshed”可知，心理健康日不会扣除年假，属于自己的私人时间，这个节日的设立能够鼓励员工自我关心并花时间做更多让自己开心和放松的事。由此可推知，They指代的是“mental
health
days”。故选D。
11．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“Being
able
to
raise
money
for
ReachOut
Australia
is
so
meaningful”以及最后一句“Supporting
an
organization
that
aims
to
provide
free,
accessible,
and
immediate
help
is
really
meaningful
to
everyone
here.”可知，对于大家来说，帮助ReachOut
Australia组织筹款是很有意义的，因为这个组织可以为有需要的人提供帮助。由此可推知，我们应该支持这个组织来帮助那些有心理健康问题的人。故选C。
12．答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在世界心理健康日这天，墨尔本办公室的工作人员为提高人们的心理健康意识，举行了各种形式的募捐活动。C项很好地概括了文章主旨。故选C。