外研版（2019）选择性必修一：Unit 2 Onwards and upwards Discovering Useful Structures课后作业（含答案）

课后作业(五)　Unit
2　
Section
Ⅱ　Discovering
Useful
Structures
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There
is
no
denying
that
everyone
has
felt
worried
or
upset
before
a
contest
or
sports
game.
A
study
in
2000
found
that
“high
levels
of
anxiety
during
competitions
is
harmful,
worsening
the
performance
and
even
leading
to
dropping
out”.
An
example
of
this
is
John
Daly,
an
American
golf
player
who
was
once
one
of
the
best
of
his
time.
The
great
amount
of
pressure
placed
on
him
to
win
made
him
extremely
anxious.
His
anxiety
reached
such
a
high
level
that
he
was
unable
to
complete
a
tournament
and
walked
off
the
course
in
the
middle
of
the
round.
Over
the
course
of
his
career,
he
quit
from
49
professional
matches
due
to
the
anxiety
he
experienced.
In
fact,
anxiety
can
have
a
number
of
negative
effects
and
changes
to
the
body,
mind
and
behavior.
Anxiety
causes
your
body
to
tense
up
and
increases
blood
pressure.
When
this
happens,
it
becomes
more
difficult
for
your
body
to
move
fluently
and
efficiently,
meaning
actions
and
movements
become
unnatural.
The
terror
you
experience
as
a
result
of
anxiety
is
so
overwhelming
that
it
may
even
lead
to
body
paralysis
(瘫痪).
An
example
of
this
is
stage
fright,
which
may
be
experienced
right
before
a
public
competition.
When
feeling
overwhelming
fear,
the
athlete
may
be
unable
to
move,
talk
or
act
at
all.
Anxiety
has
a
negative
effect
on
not
only
athletes,
but
also
students
and
young
people,
particularly
when
it
comes
to
tests
and
exams.
This
“test
anxiety”
occurs
in
33%
of
students
and
can
affect
their
performance
in
exams
and
overall
achievements.
As
time
goes
on,
the
age
at
which
children
suffer
from
anxiety
is
becoming
younger.
Anxiety
leads
to
the
poor
academic
performance
and
low
scores.
This
is
because
the
anxiety
becomes
so
over
whelming
that
you
lose
the
ability
to
think
clearly.
It
has
been
proven
that
students
with
anxiety
score
lower
on
tests
than
students
who
do
not
suffer
from
anxiety.
Anxiety
can
also
affect
students'
willingness
to
engage
in
class
or
participate
in
class
discussions.
Again,
this
can
have
a
negative
impact
on
their
performance
because
they
are
unable
to
communicate
with
the
teacher
by
asking
questions.
This
then
leads
to
confusion
and
further
worry
about
a
task,
resulting
in
additional
anxiety.
This
same
worry
also
applies
to
peer
learning
(同伴学习)
because
this
involves
sharing
ideas
with
other
students.
A
student
with
high
anxiety
is
unable
to
share
these
ideas,
meaning
they
quit
from
activities
and
their
learning
is
limited.
Anxiety
reaches
such
a
point
that
some
of
the
students
either
refuse
to
go
to
school
until
they
are
able
or
drop
out
completely.
In
fact,
49%
of
anxious
adults
report
having
left
education
early
and
24%
indicate
anxiety
as
the
primary
reason.
After
all,
how
can
a
person
possibly
learn
something
or
perform
well
when
their
mind
and
body
are
in
a
constant
state
of
terror
and
worry
1．What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage
A．Reasons
of
Anxiety
B．Students
and
Anxiety
C．Bad
effects
of
Anxiety
D．Anxiety
and
Performance
2．The
author
used
John
Daly's
example
to
show
that
________.
A．he
is
a
terrible
golf
player
in
every
way
B．even
a
little
pressure
can
be
a
bad
thing
C．the
willingness
to
win
can
cause
anxiety
D．too
much
anxiety
is
harmful
in
competitions
3．What
can
you
learn
from
the
passage
A．The
elders
rarely
suffer
from
anxiety.
B．Body
paralysis
is
often
caused
by
anxiety.
C．Students
with
anxiety
tend
to
ask
questions
less.
D．49%
of
adults
left
education
mainly
because
of
anxiety.
4．According
to
the
passage,
what
may
happen
to
a
person
if
one
suffers
from
anxiety
A．One's
actions
become
steady.
B．One
tends
to
cry
and
walk
away.
C．One
gets
higher
grades
in
exams.
D．One
feels
unable
to
move
or
talk.
B
Vijay
Gupta
is
known
to
classical
music
lovers
across
the
United
States.
He
serves
as
the
first
violinist
for
the
Los
Angeles
Philharmonic.
In
that
job,
he
often
plays
to
large
crowds,
including
many
very
rich
people.
When
he
is
not
performing,
he
organizes
concerts
for
homeless
people.
“They
have
reminded
me
why
I
became
a
musician.”
he
said.
Last
week,
Gupta
was
recognized
for
being
a
founder
and
the
artistic
director
of
Street
Symphony.
The
group
has
performed
at
homeless
shelters,
jails
and
halfway
houses
for
about
eight
years.
Gupta
is
among
the
25
winners
of
the
2018
MacArthur
Fellowship,
commonly
known
as
the
“Genius
Grant”.
Each
winner
will
receive
$625,000
over
five
years
to
use
as
they
wish.
The
money
is
coming
from
a
private
group,
the
John
D.
and
Catherine
T.
MacArthur
Foundation.
It
awards
grants
(补助金)
to
people
whose
work
it
considers
exceptional
and
whose
work
“inspires
hope
in
us
all”.
Gupta
said
he
got
the
idea
for
Street
Symphony
while
teaching
Nathaniel
Ayers,
a
trained
musician
whose
mental
illness
led
to
his
homelessness.
The
31 year old
winner
said
he
did
not
know
yet
how
he
would
spend
the
money.
He
has
been
a
performer
since
the
age
of
seven
and
the
award
will
give
him
“space
to
breathe,
plan
and
look
ahead”．
Another
winner
is
Rebecca
Sandefur,
an
associate
professor
(副教授)
of
sociology
and
law
in
the
University
of
Illinois.
The
Associated
Press
says
her
research
actively
supports
new
ways
to
involve
poor
communities
in
the
U．S.
justice
system.
47 year old
Sandefur
created
the
first
national
mapping
of
civil
legal
aid
providers.
It
shows
which
states
had
the
financial
(金融的)
resources
to
provide
such
aid
and
which
did
not.
She
also
found
that
the
cost
of
legal
services
was
only
one
of
the
things
preventing
poor
people
from
getting
lawyers.
Among
the
others
were
fears
of
unfairness
(不公平)
in
the
legal
system.
Sandefur
noted
that
a
lot
of
attention
had
been
paid
to
problems
with
the
criminal
justice
system,
but
more
attention
must
be
paid
to
the
civil
side
of
the
law,
which
also
affected
millions
of
people.
5．Why
does
Gupta
win
the
award
A．For
his
achievements
in
classical
music.
B．For
performing
for
large
crowds.
C．For
organizing
a
group
playing
for
the
homeless.
D．For
the
companionship
with
Nathaniel
Ayers.
6．What
do
we
know
about
MacArthur
Fellowship
A．It
is
founded
by
the
government.
B．It
offers
$
625,000
to
25
winners
in
2018.
C．It
allows
the
winners
to
use
the
money
freely.
D．It
awards
people
who
make
great
contributions
to
society.
7．What
was
the
extraordinary
thing
that
Sandefur
did
A．She
made
it
easier
to
get
legal
help
for
the
poor.
B．She
made
the
legal
system
fairer.
C．She
paid
more
attention
to
the
criminal
justice
system.
D．She
offered
legal
aid
to
the
poor
freely.
8．Which
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage
A．Grants
Winners,
Inspiring
the
Poor.
B．The
City
Homeless,
in
Need
of
Help.
C．Vijay
Gupta,
an
Extraordinary
Violinist.
D．MacArthur
Foundation,
Awarding
Exceptional
Work.
Ⅱ.七选五
Research
suggests
that
at
least
64%
of
people
now
spend
up
to
four
hours
daily
of
spare
time
in
front
of
a
screen.
Just
as
TV
watching
has
been
linked
to
higher
chances
of
being
fat
and
getting
diseases,
this
extra
sedentary
(久坐不动的)
time
is
bad
news
for
our
health.
__1__.
1．Choose
outdoor
activities
over
technology
When
you're
at
home,
make
it
a
rule
that
you
can't
be
online
if
the
sun
is
shining.
__2__.
Then,
after
taking
these
healthy
physical
activities,
you
can
take
out
your
phone
or
laptop,
or
take
a
seat
at
the
computer.
This
rule
should
be
fit
for
everyone
in
your
family.
2．Limit
social
media
use
According
to
some
experts,
the
effect
of
technology
on
human
relationships
is
worrying
as
technology
has
become
a
substitute
for
face to face
human
relationships.
And
social
networks
have
changed
computer
and
mobile
use
for
people
of
all
ages.
__3__.
Avoid
aimless
browsing
(浏览)
and
give
your
time
online
a
purpose:
research
holidays
or
catch
up
on
the
news
of
the
day.
Then
log
off.
3．__4__
Challenge
yourself
to
read
at
least
30
pages
of
a
great
book
before
you
check
your
computer
or
mobile
phone.
Pick
the
right
reading
material
and
you'll
soon
find
you've
discovered
an
enjoyable
pastime.
4．Create
projects
for
yourself
It's
amazing
how
much
you
can
achieve
when
you're
not
glued
to
(全神贯注地看)
a
screen.
__5__.
Some
suggestions
are
organizing
kitchen
cupboards
and
cleaning
your
bedroom.
Then
try
to
do
one
each
evening.
A．Set
aside
reading
time
B．Choose
the
suitable
reading
materials
C．Make
a
list
of
one hour
evening
projects
D．Here
are
some
ways
to
stop
technology
addiction
E．Whether
it's
Facebook
or
Twitter,
limit
the
time
online
F．The
following
are
some
ways
to
make
better
use
of
leisure
time
G．Instead,
you
have
to
go
for
a
walk,
ride
a
bike,
or
swim
at
least
an
hour
详解答案
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本篇文章主要介绍了焦虑对身体、思想及行为会产生负面的影响。作者认为焦虑不仅对运动员有负面影响，而且对学生和年轻人也产生负面影响，尤其是对学生的学业成绩及课堂参与度产生负面影响并分析了原因。
1．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。C项为干扰项，以偏概全。文章第3、4、5、6段主要讲解焦虑对学生的影响及原因分析。故选B项。
2．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。第一段是为导入语篇主题做铺垫。作者借用John
Daly的例子说明过多的焦虑对运动员比赛有着负面影响，以便引出下文。
3．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。从第五段中Again,
this
can
have
a
negative
impact
on
their
performance
because
they
are
unable
to
communicate
with
the
teacher
by
asking
questions.得知，C项正确。
4．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。从第二段中When
this
happens,
it
becomes
more
diffcult
for
your
body
to
move
fluently
and
efficiently,
meaning
actions
and
movements
become
unnatural.得知A项错误；从第四段It
has
been
proven
that
students
with
anxiety
score
lower
on
tests
than
students
who
do
not
suffer
from
anxiety.得知C项错误。B项没有提及。故选D项。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助来激励穷人的故事。
5．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The
group
has
performed
at
homeless
shelters,
jails
and
halfway
houses
for
about
eight
years.可知，Gupta获得该奖是因为他组织的街道交响乐团为流浪者演奏音乐，故C项正确。
6．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Each
winner
will
receive
$625,000
over
five
years
to
use
as
they
wish.可知，每位获奖者将在五年内获得625,000美元的资金，供其自由支配，故C项正确。
7．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The
Associated
Press
says
her
research
actively
supports
new
ways
to
involve
poor
communities
in
the
U．S.
justice
system.可知，美联社称，Sandefur的研究为贫困社区参与美国司法系统提供了新途径，由此可知，Sandefur使穷人获得法律援助变得更容易，故A项正确。
8．答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助来激励穷人的故事，故A项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
1．答案与解析：D　文章衔接题。根据前文介绍到额外的久坐时间对我们的健康来说是个坏消息。后文给出了四条建议。D项：Here
are
some
ways
to
stop
technology
addiction。后文是停止长时间使用电脑和手机的方法和建议。符合文意，故选D。
2．答案与解析：G　联系下文题。根据后文Then,
after
taking
these
healthy
physical
activities,
you
can
pull
out
your
phone
or
tablet,
or
take
a
seat
at
the
computer。可知然后，在进行这些健康的体育活动后，你可以掏出手机或平板电脑，或者坐在电脑前。G项：Instead,
you
have
to
go
for
a
walk,
ride
a
bike,
or
swim
at
least
an
hour。相反，你必须去散步，骑自行车，或者至少游泳一小时。符合文意，故选G。
3．答案与解析：E　理解判断题。根据前文And
Social
networks
have
changed
computer
and
mobile
use
for
people
of
all
ages。可知社交网络改变了所有年龄段的人使用电脑和移动设备的习惯。E项：Whether
it's
Facebook
or
Twitter,
limit
the
time
online。无论是Facebook还是Twitter，都要限制上网时间。符合文意，故选E。
4．答案与解析：A　段落理解题。根据后文Challenge
yourself
to
read
at
least
30
pages
of
a
great
book
before
you
check
your
computer
or
mobile
phone。可知在你查看电脑或手机之前，挑战自己至少阅读30页好书。A项：Set
aside
reading
time。留出阅读时间。符合文意，故选A。
5．答案与解析：C　逻辑推理题。根据后文Some
suggestions
are
organizing
kitchen
cupboards,
cleaning
your
bedroom.
Then
try
to
do
one
each
evening.可知一些建议是整理厨房橱柜，打扫卧室，然后每天晚上做一个。C项：Make
a
list
of
one hour
evening
projects.列出一个一小时的晚间活动清单。符合文意，故选C。