Unit 8 Discoveries 22 Famous Discoveries 课件(共64张PPT)

(共64张PPT)
Stephen
Hawking
Stephen
Hawking
The
Black
Hole
Big
Bang
Stephen
Hawking,
the
author
of
“A
Brief
History
of
Time”(时间简史)
What’s
your
first
impression
of
him
No
Boundaries
How
do
you
understand
the
title
“No
boundaries”

understanding:
Unanswerable
questions
have
no
boundaries.
in
science
thinking
imagination
between
truth
and
falsehood（谬误）
the
healthy
and
the
disabled
no
boundaries
…
Scanning
Why
did
Stephen
Hawking
need
a
PhD
When
did
Hawking
become
famous

When
did
Hawking
visit
Beijing

Careful
Reading
Read
the
text
again
and
answer
the
following
questions
1.
How
would
most
people
feel
when
they
were
told
that
they
had
an
incurable
disease
2.
What
did
Hawking
do
when
he
was
told
so
3.
For
what
did
Hawking
become
famous
in
the
1970s
4.
What
did
Hawking
explain
in
the
book
A
Brief
His-
tory
of
Time
They
will
probably
feel
very
sad
and
give
up
their
dreams
and
hopes
for
the
future.
Instead
of
giving
up,
he
went
on
with
his
research,
got
his
PhD
and
married
the
girl.
He
continued
his
exploration
…
and
traveled
…to
give
lectures.
He
became
famous
for
having
made
new
discoveries
about
the
Big
Bang
and
black
holes
with
Roger….
---In
the
book,
he
explains
both
what
it
means
to
be
a
scientist
and
how
science
works.
He
tells
readers
how
discoveries
are
made
and
how
….
5.
According
to
Hawking,
how
do
people
misunderstand
science
6.
What
are
the
basic
steps
of
the
scientific
method
7.
What
is
it
that
Hawking
doesn’t
like
about
his
speech
computer
People
often
think
that
science
is
about
“true”
facts
that
never
change.
Scientists,
on
the
other
hand,
know
that
their
job
is
never
finished
and
that
even
the
best
theory
can
be
turned
out
to
be
wrong.
(l4-p.4)—first,
observe—then,
explain-build
a
theory
—finally,
test
the
theory-if
it
matches-if
it
can
predict
—use
experiments—use
a
model
to
test
the
theory
The
only
trouble
is
that
it
gives
Hawking,
who
is
British,
an
American
accent.
(It
is
the
American
accent
that
Hawking
doesn’t
like
about
it.)
“…you
may
not
have
more
than
twelve
months
to
live.”
How
would
you
feel
_________
Stephen
Hawking
“…not
expect
to
survive
that
long….engaged…”
paragraph
2
paragraph
3
universe
…time…
…universe
…begin
…black
holes…
black
holes
paragraph
4
A
Brief
History
of
Time
paragraph
5
science
Misunderstandings…
scientific
method
scientific
method
observe
build
a
theory
test
use
a
model
Use
experiments
paragraph
6
paragraph
7
“…the
only
trouble…”
True
or
false
Hawking
was
told
that
he
had
an
incurable
disease
when
he
was
just
21
years
old.
Finally
Hawking
had
to
give
up
PhD
and
his
research.
He
and
Roger
Penrose
made
new
discoveries
about
the
Big
Bang
and
black
holes.
“A
Brief
History
of
Time”
is
too
difficult
for
people
to
understand.
Science
is
about
true
facts
that
never
change.
When
Hawking
gives
lectures,
he
always
speaks
through
a
computer.
T
F
T
T
F
F
skimming
Reading
comprehension:
1.Hawking
became
famous______.
A.when
he
was
twenty
one
B.in
1998
C.in
the
early
1970s
D.when
“A
Brief
History
of
Time”came
out
2.A
scientific
theory
is______.
A.good
if
it
can
predict
future
evevts
B.the
result
of
the
scientific
method
C.about
how
things
happen
and
the
cause
and
efforts
D.true
if
it
is
difficult
3.Instead
of
giving
up,Hawking
went
on
with_____.
A.his
PhD
B.engagement
to
a
girl
C.his
research
D.none
of
the
above
C
B
C
4.In
2002,Hawking
visited
China
and
spoke
to
university
students
in
________.
A.Hangzhou
B.Beijing
C.Shanghai
D.both
A
and
B
5.In
1998
Hawking
wrote
A
Brief
History
of
Time,which_____.
A.explains
what
it
means
to
be
a
scientist
B.explains
how
science
works
C.introduces
some
scientific
methods
D.explains
both
it
means
to
be
a
scientist
and
how
science
works
D
D
6.Which
of
the
following
best
expresses
the
main
idea
of
the
text
____.
A.Hawking
is
famous
for
his
new
discoveries.
B.People
should
come
to
terms
with
their
fate.
C.A
scientific
theory
is
always
wrong.
D.Anyone
with
great
determination
will
achieve
his
success.
7.From
the
text
we
can
infer
that_____.
A.Hawking
got
married
to
Jane
Wilde
before
he
fell
ill.
B.science
is
always
true.
C.Hawking
is
an
American.
D.great
scientists
always
want
to
know
more.
D
D
Stephen
Hawking
is
a
famous
British
scientist.
He
is
suffering
from
an
incurable
disease.
When
he
learned
about
his
illness,
he
felt
there
did
not
seem
much
point
in
working
on
his
PhD.
He
did
not
expect
to
survive
that
long.
In
fact,
two
years
later,
things
were
going
well
for
him
and
he
had
got
engaged
to
a
girl.
In
order
to
get
married,
he
needed
a
job.
Instead
of
giving
up,
he
went
on
with
his
research.
He
continued
his
exploration
of
the
the
universe
and
traveled
around
to
give
lectures.
In
the
early
1970s,
he
became
famous
for
his
new
discoveries
about
the
Big
Bang
and
black
holes.
In
1988,
he
wrote
A
Brief
History
of
Time,
which
quickly
became
a
best-seller.
In
2002,
he
visited
China
and
spoke
to
the
university
students
in
Hangzhou
and
Beijing.
(139
words)
Who
However,
2
years
suffering
from
learned
about
seem
much
point
in
got
engaged
to
went
on
with
traveled
around
became
famous
for
The
following
questions
and
key
words
and
expressions
may
help
you.
1.
Where
does
he
come
from
–Britain
2.
What
is
he
suffering
from
–
an
incurable
disease
3.
How
did
he
feel
when
he
learned
about
his
illness
–not
seem
much
point
in
/
not
expect
to
survive
4.
How
were
the
things
after
two
years
had
passed
–
going
rather
well
/
get
engaged
to
5.
Why
did
he
need
a
job
–in
order
to
get
married
6.
What
did
he
do
instead
of
giving
up
–go
on
with
his
research
/
get
a
PhD
and
marry
/
continue
his
explora-tion
of
/
travel
around
the
world
7.
What
did
he
do
in
the
1970s,
in
1988
and
in
2002
–become
famous
/
write
a
book
/
visit
China
Hawking’s
dream
…
To
get
married
To
get
a
job
Get
a
PhD
My
dream
is…
To…
To…
Discussion
How
can
we
grow
rice
where
there
is
little
water (using
the
scientific
method
)
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
1.
How
can
we
grow
rice
in
areas
where
there
is
little
water
2.
How
can
I
make
my
bike
faster
3.
How
can
we
know
what
life
was
like
5,000
years
ago
4.
How
can
I
improve
my
English
We
can
develop
a
new
kind
of
rice
that
doesn’t
need
much
water.
We
can
fix
an
electric
engine
to
the
bike.
People
lived
in
caves,
wore
skins
of
animals,
ate
wild
fruits
and
wild
animals.
You
can
improve
your
English
by
listening
more,
speaking
more
and
practising
more.
language
points
be
a
genius
at
sth
做某事是天才/
have
a
genius
for
doing
sth
1.
Genius
is
needed
to
solve
this
problem
.
A
is
similar
to
B
The
car
accident
was
similar
to
the
one
that
happened
in
1973
.
undertake
着手做某事;
进行;
从事/
承担;
同意
答应
undertake
a
journey
/undertake
a
revolutionary
task
1.
she
undertook
to
finish
the
job
by
Friday.
2.
She
undertook
to
pay
back
the
money
within
six
months
.
3
.
We
can
undertake
the
work
for
the
time
being
.
4.
She
herself
undertook
the
preparation
of
the
room
.
5.
He
undertook
the
leadership
of
the
team
.
undertake
to
do
undertake
doing
（
）
Undertake
接从句时，“保证”
I’ll
undertake
that
all
students
can
study
well.
X
mind
思想，头脑，
有头脑的人
He
doesn’t
have
a
particular
complex
mind
He
is
the
greatest
mind
of
our
time
.
A
man
of
weak
mind
.
fire
热情
，
激情，
兴奋
The
boy
was
full
of
fire
and
courage
.
A
speech
that
lacks
fire
be
on
fire
for
对…
充满激情/
有热情
The
scientist
is
on
fire
for
outer
space
.
debate
After
much
/
along
debate
he
was
chosen
captain
of
the
team
.
The
proposal
is
under
debate
.
Curious
好奇的,
渴望知道的,
奇怪的
Curious
eyes
/
neighbors
/
behavior
Children
are
naturally
curious
about
everything
around
them
.
I’m
curious
to
know
what
is
written
in
his
letter
.
I’m
curious
how
he
will
do
it
.
It
is
curious
that
he
should
have
failed
in
the
race
.
There
is
no
doubt
that
…..
毫无疑问
There
was
no
doubt
that
he
had
been
misunderstood.
2.
There
is
little
doubt
that
he
will
succeed
.
3.
There
is
some
doubt
whether
he
is
guilty
.
4.
There
is
no
doubt
about
/
of
his
honesty
.
5.
He
doubted
whether
they
would
be
able
to
help
6.
I
doubt
(
that
)
he
will
come
to
the
party
.
认为…不
promising
adj
有前途的，有希望的
1）He
is
a
promising
new
painter.
The
weather
looks
promising.
The
wheat
looks
promising.
promise
verb/noun
(许诺;诺言)
V
-
promise
to
do
/
that
clause
N
-
make
a
promise
the
top
university
top
student
the
top
news
一流大学
尖子生
头条新闻
1.
There
is
no
point
in
doing
sth．
“做某事没有作用或没有意义”。
e.g
There
is
no
point
in
arguing
further
.
继续争执下去没有意义了。
There
is
no
point
in
crying
now.
现在哭也没什么用了。
2.
There
didn’t
seem
much
point
in
doing
sth.
（there
be
(live,
stand,
come,
enter,
remain,
exist,
begin,
lie,
occur,
rise,
appear…)某处有（住着，站着，出来，进来，存在，开始，躺者，发生……)
There
seemed
no
point
in
doing
sth.
There
is
no
point
in
doing
sth.
There
isn’t
much
point
in
doing
sth.
Yet
two
years
had
gone
by
and
I
was
not
that
much
worse．
go
by
“(时间)过去、走过、轻易放过（时机等）、依照
”
Time
went
by
so
quickly.
We
were
already
at
the
end
of
our
summer
holiday．
时间过得真快，转眼我们已经要结束暑假了。
You
should
go
by
the
rules.
你应该照章办事。
Don’t
let
the
opportunity
go
by.
不要放过这一机会。
3.
Yet
two
years
had
gone
by
and
I
was
not
that
(see
p.151
–Note
5)
much
worse.
go
by:
A.
to
pass
B.
to
act
according
to
C.
to
judge
by
D.
to
be
called
(
)
①
How
can
he
let
the
chance
go
by.
(
)
②
He
goes
by
the
name
of
Smith,
but
I
didn’t
know
who
he
really
is.
(
)
③
You
should
go
by
what
the
doctor
says.
(
)
④
Going
by
her
clothes,
she
must
be
very
poor.
get／be
engaged
to
sb．“与某人订婚”
汤姆和玛丽订婚了。
1）Tom
was
engaged
to
Mary.
2)
Tom
and
Mary
were
engaged.
be
engaged
in(on)+n．／doing
sth．从事(工作)的，忙于……的
She
was
engaged
in
protecting
wild
birds．
她从事保护野生鸟类的工作。
…
I
had
got
engaged
to
a
very
nice
girl.
(
)
①
Can
you
come
on
Monday
–No,
I’m
engaged.
(
)
②
Sorry,
the
line
is
engaged.
Just
a
minute.
(
)
③
Excuse
me,
but
is
this
seat
engaged
(
)
④
My
daughter
is
engaged
to
a
nice
young
doctor.
A.
be
in
use
B.
agree
to
marry
C.
be
busy
D.
be
kept
for
sb
to
use
later
work
on
+n./pron./v.-ing
从事于;对．．产生影响；
继续工作
e.g.
The
medicine
will
work
on
the
affected
part.
He
is
working
on
inventing
a
new
machine
for
office
work.
They
will
work
on
till
sunset.
Nor
did
he
let
the
disease
stop
him
from
living
the
kind
of
life
he
had
always
dream
of
.
他也没有让病魔阻止他过上他一直梦想的生活。
表示否定意义的副词或连词等位于句首时，句子通常采用倒装结构。
Never
did
I
dream
of
seeing
him
in
America.
我真没想到会在美国见到他。
The
first
one
wasn’t
good,
and
neither
was
the
second.
Nowhere
could
I
see
him.
Not
a
single
word
did
he
say.
7.
Hawking
has
continued
to
seek
answers
to
questions
about
the
nature
of
the
universe.
(
)
You
should
seek
advice
from
your
lawyer
on
this
matter./
(
)
Who
were
these
men,
and
for
what
were
they
seeking
/
(
)
They
went
to
Europe
to
seek
after
B
A
D
the
truth.
/
(
c
)
There
I
sought
out
a
distant
relative
who
worked
in
a
small
film
studio.
look
for
B.
ask
for
C.
find
out
D.
in
search
of
turn
out
+adj
.
turn
out
+
to
be
　证明是；结果是；
turn
out
+
to
do
　原来是
turn
out
+
that
Everything
turned
out
well
.
The
rumor
turned
out
(
to
be
)
true
.
It
turn
out
(
that
)
two
travellers
had
been
killed
.
The
weatherman
said
it
was
going
to
rain
this
afternoon
but
it
turn
out
to
be
lovely
.
observe
+
n
.
观察，遵守，庆祝
observe
+
n.
+
doing
/
do
observe
+
that
clause
1.
I
observed
a
letter
on
the
table.
His
neighbor
observed
a
stranger
going
/
go
into
the
house
.
I
observed
that
several
students
were
asleep
.
4.
Do
they
observe
Christmas
Day
in
that
country

5.
Anyone
who
comes
here
must
observe
the
rules
.
predict
+
n.
predict
+that
/wh-
Predict
a
person’s
future
Predict
tomorrow’s
weather
.
Is
it
possible
to
predict
when
one
will
die

Put
the
following
sentences
into
English:
①
She
has
observed
the
stars
all
her
life.(
)
/
②
They
were
observed
entering
the
bank.(
)
/
③
He
observed
what
was
going
on
between
them.
(
)
/
④
We
must
observe
these
principles
in
our
action.
(
)
/
⑤
I
have
little
to
observe
on
what
has
been
said.
(
)
A.
obey
B.
say
C.
watch
carefully
D.
notice
E.
see
C
D
.(E)
D
A
B
The
scientists
test
the
theory
to
see
if
it
matches
what
they
have
seen
and
if
it
can
predict
future
events.
①
You
can’t
match
him
in
knowledge
of
wild
plants.
/
②
This
hotel
can’t
be
matched
for
good
service
and
food./
③
The
curtains
don’t
match
the
paint./④I
need
some
yellow
wood
like
this;
can
you
match
it,
please
⑤He
matched
his
dog
against
his
neighbor’s
in
a
race.
11.
People
sometimes
find
it
difficult
to
understand
him.
think
/
consider
/
feel
/
find
/
make
+
it
+
adj.
/
n.
+
to
do
sth.
/
that…

Put
the
following
into
English:
①
我认为学好英语并不难。
②
今天能和你一起在这里，我把它看成一个极大的荣誉。
③
我觉得帮助后进的学生是我的义务。
④
他发觉不可能按时把一切都准备好。
⑤
现代科学已经使人类到太空去旅行成为可能的了。
I
don’t
think
it
difficult/hard
to
learn
English
well.
I
consider
it
a
great
honor
to
be
here
with
you
today.
I
feel
it
my
duty
to
help
the
less
advanced
students.
He
found
it
impossible
to
get
everything
ready
in
time.
Modern
science
has
made
it
possible
for
man
to
travel
in
space.
12.
People
who
hear
it
often
say
it
sounds
just
like
a
….
link-v.

look
/
sound
/
feel
/
taste
/
smell
/
appear
/
seem
+
adj.
/
n.

look
/
sound
/
feel
/
seem
/
taste
like
+
n.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
a
proper
link-v.
or
a
link-v.
+
like:
①
This
meat’s
been
cooked
too
long
and
______
terrible.
②
The
flowers
in
the
garden
_____
very
sweet.
③
He
_______
me
in
the
face
very
carefully,
_______
more
serious
than
ever
before.
④
Your
idea
______
_____
a
very
good
one.
⑤
It
______
as
if
the
government
don’t
know
what
to
do.
⑥
I
____
sure
that
nobody
can
match
him
in
football.
⑦
He
_______
to
be
your
friend,
but
I
doubt
if
he
is.
⑧
It
______
_____
years
since
I
last
saw
you
in
Japan.
tastes
smell
looked
looking
sounds
(like)
sounds
feel
appears
looks
seems
seems
like
Useful
expressions
1.一位有希望的研究生
2.顶尖的大学
3.不治之诊
4.放弃
5.希望未来
6.做某事没意义
7.经过
,时间过去
8.与某人订婚
9.继续研究工作
10.梦想
11.在20世纪70
年代初期
12.寻找问题的答案
13.发现
14.根据
15.在另一方面
16.结果是
,证明是
17.科学方法
18.用实际的方法
19.听起来象
20.美国口音
21.检验理论
Leonardo
da
Vinci
was
a
g_______
(
天才）in
many
fields
.
2.
Great
poets
usually
draw
i_________(
灵感）
from
natural
scenery
.
3.
Things
fall
to
the
ground
because
of
the
pull
of
g
______
(
地球
引力）.
4.This
is
an
a
_________(
农业)
people
,
for
most
of
them
are
engaged
in
agriculture
.
5.
His
father
works
in
a
b_____
(
部分)
of
Bank
of
China
in
this
city
.
6.I’m
sorry
to
say
you
are
o_______
(显然)
wrong
on
this
matter
.
7.
They
were
d
______(
争论)
whether
he
should
be
chosen
as
captain
of
the
team
.
8.
You’d
better
make
a
careful
a
_______
(
分析)
first
if
you
want
to
solve
this
problem
.
9.As
the
drive
,
you
should
u__________
(
担负)
the
responsibility
for
the
accident
.
enius
nspiration
ravity
griculture
ranch
bviously
ebating
nalysis
ndertake
A
spider
can
make
_______
that
is
much
_______
than
most
man
–made
materials
.
2.
A
spider’s
_________
doesn’t
______
easily
.
3.
Best
of
all
,
the
spider
produces
the
________
without
the
use
of
_________
or
__________chemicals
.
4.
If
we
could
learn
to
use
the
technique
,
we
might
be
able
to
use
the
strong
silk
to
make
things
like
________
_________
and
wires
that
hold
up
bridges
.
Part
1
silk
stronger
silk
break
silk
dangerous
poisonous
seat
belts
There
are
many
other
examples
of
how
new
__________
has
been
developed
by
learning
from
_______.
A
group
of
______
scientists
wanted
to
find
out
why
______
and
flowers
are
able
to
stay
so
______
.
They
decided
to
take
a
closer
look
at
the
_______
lotus
,
A
flower
that
is
known
for
its
clean
leaves
.
At
first
,
the
scientists
believed
that
a
very
______
leaf
would
be
better
at
staying
clean
.
However
,
when
they
looked
closely
at
the
white
lotus
,
the
scientists
saw
that
the
leaf
was
in
fact
_______
with
tiny
hairs
and
______
.
The
needles
and
hairs
collect
the
______
that
falls
on
the
leaf
so
that
a
________
can
easily
wash
it
off
.
The
German
scientists
used
this
technique
to
_______
a
new
kind
of
paint
.
The
new
paint
could
keep
houses
looking
clean
for
years
.
Scientists
also
believe
that
the
________
could
teach
us
a
way
to
keep
our
computers
_______
.
A
computer
must
be
kept
cool
to
technology
nature
Germen
leaves
clean
white
flat
covered
needles
dust
raindrop
design
butterfly
cool
The
butterfly
is
__________
and
must
change
its
body
_________all
the
time
.
Scientists
have
found
that
there
are
small
parts
on
its
______that
the
butterfly
uses
to
change
its
temperature
.
If
scientists
can
learn
how
this
is
done
,
it
may
be
possible
to
use
the
same
_______to
keep
computers
from
becoming
too
hot
.
function
well
.
The
fans
we
use
today
are
not
always
good
enough
.
cold-blooded
temperature
wings
method
Bye-bye!