新人教（2019）必修二第二单元
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking
&
Reading
and
Thinking
重点词汇讲解
Point1
end
up
用法详解
(1)end
up(以……)结束,后接v.-ing形式或介词短语。
end
up
in
prison/failure最终会坐牢/失败
end
up
with…以……而结束……
I
ended
up
telling
him
everything
although
I
tried
not
to.
虽然我试图不说,但是结果我还是把一切都告诉他了。
The
students
ended
up
their
class
meeting
with
a
chorus
singing.
学生们以合唱结束了班会。
(2)end
up
as
sb./sth.最终成为/变得,as表示“作为,当”含义。
In
spite
of
the
people’s
opinions,she
ended
up
as
the
winner.
尽管众说纷纭,最后她还是成了胜利者。
(3)end
up+形容词,表示“最终处于……的状态”。
If
he
carries
on
driving
like
that,he’ll
end
up
dead.
如果他继续那样开车,总有一天会把命都丢掉。
归纳拓展
at
the
end
of
the
day(俚语)最终,到头来
at
an
end
结束
at
the
end
of
在……的末端/结束时
in
the
end最后;终于
make
(both)
ends
meet使收支相抵;勉强维持生计
on
end竖着;直立着;连续地
put
an
end
to
结束……
come
to
an
end结束
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Smell
the
flowers
before
you
go
to
sleep,and
you
may
just
end
up
sweet
dreams.
(2)Joining
the
firm
as
a
clerk,he
got
rapid
promotion,and
ended
up
a
manager.
(3)If
you
go
on
doing
that
kind
of
thing,you’ll
end
up
prison.
(4)You’ll
end
up (get)
burnt
if
you
don’t
keep
away
from
the
fire.
(5)After
gaining
two
fortunes,he
ended
up
(poorly)
when
he
died.
2.用end的相关短语填空
(1)Many
families
struggled
to
.
(2)My
holiday
is
and
I
must
go
back
to
work
tomorrow.
(3)It
is
high
time
that
we
this
discussion.
Point2
die
out
用法详解
(1)灭绝;绝种
How
did
the
dinosaurs
die
out 恐龙是如何灭绝的
(2)(习俗等)逐渐消失
Many
old
customs
are
gradually
dying
out.许多旧习俗都在逐渐消失。
(3)(火)逐渐熄灭;(风等)逐渐停止
Once
the
fire
has
died
out,the
rescue
team
will
move
in.
一旦大火熄灭,救援队就会马上进入。
归纳拓展
die
away(声音等)逐渐减弱;逐渐模糊;逐渐消失
die
down(火、兴奋等)逐渐变弱;逐渐平息
die
off相继死去;先后死去
die
for为……而死
die
of死于...(主要用于指疾病、衰老等自身的原因造成的死亡)
die
from死于...(主要用于指环境、事故等外部原因造成的死亡)
be
dying
to
do
sth.渴望做某事
经典例题
1.改为同义句
Many
species
of
plants
and
animals
have
died
out
from
our
planet.
→Many
species
of
plants
and
animals
from
our
planet.
2.用die的相关短语填空
(1)His
footsteps
in
the
darkness.
(2)The
excitement
as
time
went
by.
(3)It
used
to
be
considered
part
of
a
young
man’s
duty
to
his
country.
Point3
alarming
用法详解
alarming
adj.使人惊恐的;令人惊慌的;引起恐慌的
at
an
alarming
rate/speed以惊人的速度
The
rain
forests
are
disappearing
at
an
alarming
rate.
雨林正以惊人的速度消失。
归纳拓展
(1)alarm
n.惊恐;惊慌;警报;闹钟
vt.使惊恐;使害怕
in
alarm惊恐地
sound
the
alarm发出警报
alarm
bells警铃
(2)alarmed
adj.惊恐的;惊慌的
be
alarmed
at/by对……感到惊恐
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Everybody
(alarm)
at
the
news
that
a
war
might
break
out.
(2)If
a
smoke
detector
sets
off
alarm
in
the
kitchen,you
should
react
quickly.
(3)It
was
(alarm)
that
the
virus
had
caused
11
deaths.
2.翻译句子
人口正以惊人的速度下降。
Point4
rate
用法详解
(1)n.[C]
速度;进度,常与介词at搭配,相当于speed。
at
a
rate
of…以……的速度
Most
people
walk
at
an
average
rate
of
5
kilometers
an
hour.
大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5千米。
(2)n.[C]
比率;率
birth/death
rate出生率/死亡率
rates
of
exchange/interest汇率/利率
There
has
been
a
gradual
increase
in
the
birth
rate.出生率在逐渐增长。
(3)n.[C]
价格;费用
What
is
the
advertising
rate
in
your
newspaper
你们报纸的广告价格是多少
(4)vt.评估;评价;估价
rate…as把……看作 rate…among…认为/把……算作……之一
The
show
was
rated
as
a
success
by
critics
and
audiences.
评论家和观众都认为这次演出是成功的。
归纳拓展
at
any
rate无论如何,不管怎样
rating
n.等级;级别
经典例题
1.写出rate的含义
(1)Prices
keep
rising
at
a
rapid
rate.
(2)His
house
was
rated
at
one
million
dollars.
(3)The
exchange
rate
between
the
dollar
and
the
RMB
is
changing.
2.单句语法填空
(1)I
may
be
away
on
business
next
week
but
any
rate
I’ll
be
back
by
Friday.
(2)China
and
India
(rate)
as
the
most
attractive
markets
now.
Point5
mass
用法详解
(1)n.[C]
团;块;堆
a
mass
of一团/块/堆的……(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词)
masses
of成团/块/堆的……;大量的……(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词)
The
sky
was
full
of
dark
masses
of
clouds.天空中乌云密布。
There
were
masses
of
people
in
the
shops
yesterday.
昨天商店里人如潮涌。
(2)n.群众;平民百姓,常用复数形式。
The
TV
programme
has
brought
science
to
the
masses.
电视节目已经把科学带给了平民百姓。
(3)n.[U]
(technical
术语)
质量
It
is
hard
for
scientists
to
calculate
the
mass
of
a
planet.
科学家计算一个行星的质量是很难的。
特别提醒
masses
of做主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面名词的数决定。
归纳拓展
massive
adj.巨大的;大而重的
经典例题
1.写出mass的含义
(1)There
is
a
mass
of
books
on
the
desk.
(2)The
masses
have
endless
creative
power.
(3)Einstein
studied
the
relation
of
energy
and
mass.
2.翻译句子
(1)从山上滚下来的一大块石头。
__________________________________
(2)她有一大堆的工作要做。
_____________________________
Point6
aware
用法详解
aware
adj.知道;意识到;明白;发觉(其后常与of搭配)
be
aware
of明白/意识到
make
sb.aware
of使某人明白/意识到
be
aware
that从句 明白/意识到……
As
far
as
I’m
aware…据我所知……
He
was
well
aware
of
the
problem.他很清楚这个问题。
Everybody
should
be
made
aware
of
the
risks
involved.
应该让人人都知道其中的风险。
I
was
aware
that
she
was
trembling.我察觉到她在发抖。
归纳拓展
(1)awareness
n.意识
environmental
awareness环境意识
raise
the
awareness
of
sth.加强对某事物的意识
(2)unaware
adj.不知道的;没意识到的;未察觉的
be
unaware
of
不知道……
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)People
should
be
made
aware
the
lack
of
water.
(2)She
hadn’t
read
the
letter
and
so
was
(aware)
of
its
contents.
(3)It
is
important
that
students
develop
the
(aware)
of
how
the
Internet
can
be
used.
2.改为同义句
As
far
as
I
am
aware,the
invitations
to
the
party
have
all
been
sent.
→ ,the
invitations
to
the
party
have
all
been
sent.
3.翻译句子
她知道他正在生气。
_______________________________
Point7
endanger
用法详解
endanger
vt.使遭危险;危及;危害(后面接名词或代词)
A
heart
attack
may
endanger
the
patient’s
life.
心脏病发作可能危及患者的生命。
Development
of
the
area
would
endanger
wildlife.
开发这一地区将会危及野生生物。
归纳拓展
(1)danger
n.危险
in
danger
(of)在危险中,有……的危险
out
of
danger脱离危险
be
a
danger
to对……是危害,威胁
(2)dangerous
adj.危险的
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)This
type
of
snake
has
been
declared
an
(danger)
species.
(2)It
is
(danger)
to
walk
on
thin
ice
in
a
lake.
(3)The
flood
was
danger
to
the
livelihood
of
the
people
there.
(4)This
kind
of
animal
is
in
danger
of
(become)
extinct.
Point8
average
用法详解
(1)n.平均数(后常接介词of)
an
average
of
……的平均数
Parents
spend
an
average
of
$220
a
year
on
toys
for
their
children.
父母为孩子买玩具的花费平均每年为220美元。
(2)n.平均水平;一般水准
on
average平均;基本上;大体上
above/below
average高于/低于平均水平
About
400
people
a
year
die
of
this
disease
on
average.
平均每年有大约400人死于这种疾病。
These
exam
results
are
above
average.这些考试成绩高于平均水平。
(3)adj.平均的;普通的;(数量)中等的
The
average
age
of
the
boys
in
this
class
is
fifteen.
本班男生的平均年龄是15岁。
I
was
just
an
average
student.我只是一个普通的学生。
经典例题
1.写出average
的含义
(1)Tom’s
work
at
school
is
above
average.
(2)He
is
an
average
man;there’s
nothing
special
about
him.
(3)It
takes
an
average
of
ten
weeks
for
them
to
sell
a
house.
2.翻译句子
(1)此时的温度低于平均水平。
___________________________________
(2)大体上,普通人生活得幸福。
___________________________________
Point9
make
progress
用法详解
(1)make
progress进步,进展。后接介词in,表示“在……方面取得进步/进展”,progress是不可数名词。
make
great/rapid
progress
in
(doing)
在(做)……方面取得大/迅速的进步
The
medical
community
continues
to
make
progress
in
the
fight
against
cancer.医学界在抗癌的斗争中不断取得进步。
(2)make
progress前进;行进
There
wasn’t
much
traffic
so
we
made
good
progress.
来往车辆不多,所以我们开得很快。
归纳拓展
(1)in
progress在进行中
(2)progress
vi.进展;进步
progress
to
sth.接着做(另一件事)
特别提醒
表示“在……方面有进步”的短语:make
advances
in
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)We
have
made
progress
in
(improve)
skills
of
reading.
(2)The
game
was
already
progress
when
we
took
our
seats.
(3)Our
cooperation
(progress)
in
the
past
decade.
2.改为同义句
She
is
progressing
in
her
studies.
→(1)She
is
in
her
studies.(progress)
→(2)She
is
in
her
studies.(advance)
Point10
concern
用法详解
(1)vt.&
vi.让(某人)担忧;关心;关注
It
concerns
sb.that…令某人担忧的是……
concern
oneself
with/over/about关心;担心
It
concerns
me
that
you
no
longer
seem
to
care.
你似乎不再在乎,这令我担忧。
She
is
always
concerning
herself
about
him.她一直在关心他。
(2)vt.涉及;与……有关
concern
sb./sth.涉及到某人/某事
This
is
a
great
event
that
concerns
the
future
of
our
company.
这是关系到我们公司前途的大事。
(3)n.[U]担心,关切;[C]关心的事
show/feel
concern
about/over/for…
对……表示担心/关心/挂念……
The
report
expressed
concern
over
continuing
high
unemployment.
报告表达了对失业率居高不下的忧虑。
归纳拓展
(1)concerned
adj.关心的;担忧的
be
concerned
about/for关心;挂念
be
concerned
with与……有关
as/so
far
as
sb./sth.is
concerned就……而言
(2)concerned做前置定语时,表示“担心的,忧虑的”;做后置定语时,表示“有关的”。
(3)concerning
prep.关于,常用于名词或代词后。
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Nowadays
people
are
more
(concern)
about
the
environment
where
they
live.
(2)A
good
doctor
should
always
concern
(he)
with
his
patients.
(3)As
a
grassroots
singer,she
reads
everything
(concern)
music.
2.改为同义句
(1)Don’t
concern
yourself
with
matters
that
are
not
your
business.
→Don’t
matters
that
are
not
your
business.
(2)In
my
opinion,I
believe
that
it
is
a
wise
choice.
→ ,I
believe
that
it
is
a
wise
choice.
3.翻译句子
忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次与他们孩子的教育有关的会议。
____________________________________________________
Point11
adapt
用法详解
(1)vt.&
vi.(使)适应。常与介词to连用,to后接名词、代词或动名词。
adapt
(oneself)
to
(doing)
sth.(使)适应(做)某事
It
took
him
a
while
to
adapt
himself
to
living
in
his
new
surroundings.
他过了好一阵子才适应了在新环境中生活。
(2)vt.改编;改写
adapt
sth.for
sth.把……改编成……
adapt
sth.from
sth.根据……改编……
He
is
going
to
adapt
his
play
for
television.
他打算把自己的剧本改编成电视剧。
This
play
is
adapted
from
a
novel
written
by
Dack.
这个剧本是根据达克写的一部小说改编的。
(3)vt.使适合(新用途、新情况);改造,其后常接for
use。
Most
of
these
tools
have
been
specially
adapted
for
use
by
disabled
people.
这些工具大多数已经过特别改装,供残疾人使用。
归纳拓展
adaptation
n.改编本;改写本;适应
adaptable
adj.有适应能力的;能适应的
易混辨析adapt/adopt
易混词
区别
adapt
(1)vt.&
vi.(使)适应(与介词to连用)
(2)vt.改编(与介词for或from连用)
adopt
(1)vt.收养adopt
a
child收为养子/女 (2)vt.采取;采用
特别提醒
表示“适应”的短语:adjust
to
(doing)
sth.
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)This
text
is
adapted
a
story
in
Chinese
Literature.
(2)This
building
has
been
adapted
the
dormitory(寝室)
of
the
students.
(3)A
desert
plant
adapts
to
(live)
in
a
dry
habitat.
(4)The
play
is
an
(adapt)
of
a
short
novel.
2.改为同义句
A
child
can
easily
adapt
to
changes
in
its
environment.
→A
child
can
easily
changes
in
its
environment.
3.选词填空(adapt/adopt)
(1)According
to
the
students’
differences,teachers
should
different
teaching
methods.
(2)Can
you
your
way
of
thinking
to
the
new
lifestyle
Point12
measure
用法详解
(1)n.措施;方法
take
measures
to
do
sth.采取措施做某事(=take
steps
to
do
sth.)
We
must
take
preventive
measures
to
reduce
crime
in
the
area.
我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。
(2)n.度量单位;尺寸,分量
make…to
measure根据尺寸定做(衣服)
take
sb.’s
measure给某人量尺寸
The
metre
is
a
measure
of
length.米是长度单位。
Do
you
make
suits
to
measure 你定做西装吗
(3)vt.测量,通常是表示人的名词或代词做主语。
He
measured
the
height
of
the
cupboard.他量了碗橱的高度。
(4)vt.量度为,通常是表示物的名词做主语,不用被动语态。
The
room
measures
25
feet
across.这个房间宽25英尺。
(5)vt.权衡,使相比较,常与介词against连用。
measure…against…权衡……与……(=weigh…against…)
I
measured
the
benefits
of
the
plan
against
the
risks
involved.
我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。
归纳拓展
weight
n.重量
weighty
adj.重的;沉重的
weightless
adj.无重量的;失重的
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)I
want
the
suit
made
his
own
measure.
(2)The
house
is
more
than
twenty
meters
long
and
(measure)
six
meters
in
width.
(3)He
(measure)
for
a
new
suit
yesterday.
(4)We
hope
the
government
will
take
effective
measures
(reduce)
pollution.
2.改为同义句
(1)We
must
take
measures
to
prevent
this
from
happening
again.
→We
must
to
prevent
this
from
happening
again.
(2)They
had
measured
the
advantage
against
disadvantage
before
making
the
decision.
→They
the
advantage
against
disadvantage
before
making
the
decision.
Point13
pressure
用法详解
(1)n.[U]
压;挤压
apply
pressure
to压住/按住
The
nurse
applied
pressure
to
his
arm
to
stop
the
bleeding.
护士压住他的胳膊止血。
(2)n.[U]
气压
A
band
of
high/low
pressure
is
moving
across
the
country.
一股高/低气压正经过这个国家。
(3)n.[U]
压力;要求
under
pressure在压力下;承受压力
place/put
pressure
on
sb.给某人施加压力
The
team
performs
well
under
pressure.这个队在压力下表现良好。
He
may
have
put
pressure
on
her
to
agree.
他可能向她施加了压力,迫使她同意。
归纳拓展
press
vt.压,挤,推,施加压力
press
sb.to
do
sth.催促某人做某事
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)He
changed
his
mind
the
pressure
from
others.
(2)They
put
pressure
the
government
to
change
its
policy(政策).
(3)The
kids
(press)
to
do
what
they
will
not
do.
2.翻译句子
(1)他们顶着压力去接受这个任务。
______________________________________
(2)不要对孩子施加太多压力。
_____________________________________
Point14
reserve
用法详解
(1)n.[C]
(动植物)保护区;自然保护区。
a
wildlife
reserve野生动植物保护区
Are
you
for
building
highways
in
a
wildlife
reserve
你赞成在自然保护区修公路吗
(2)vt.预订,预约(座位、席位、房间等)
reserve
a
ticket订票(=book
a
ticket)
I’d
like
to
reserve
a
table
for
three
for
eight
o’clock.
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
(3)vt.保留;贮备
These
seats
are
reserved
for
special
guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
(4)vt.拥有,保持,保留(某种权利)
The
management
reserves
the
right
to
refuse
admission.
管理部门有权拒绝接收。
归纳拓展
reservation
n.预订;预约 make
a
reservation
for预订
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)I’ll
call
the
restaurant
and
make
a
(reserve).
(2)“It’s
such
a
nice
place,”Mother
said
as
she
sat
at
the
table
(reserve)for
customers.
(3)I’d
prefer
(reserve)
my
judgement
until
I
find
all
the
evidence.
2.改为同义句
He
had
reserved
a
train
ticket
before
the
vacation
began.
→(1)He
had
a
train
ticket
before
the
vacation
began.
→(2)He
had
a
train
ticket
before
the
vacation
began.
Point15
make
out
用法详解
(1)看清;听清;分清。相当于figure
out。
I
could
just
make
out
a
figure
in
the
darkness.
黑暗中我只看出了一个人的轮廓。
(2)开具,填写(表格或文件)
He
made
out
a
cheque
for
10,000
pounds.他开了一张1万英镑的支票。
(3)理解
She
was
a
strange
sort
of
person;
I
couldn’t
make
her
out.
她这个人有些古怪,我不能理解她。
归纳拓展
make
for向……移动;促成
make
off
(with)(携带某物)匆忙离开/仓皇逃跑
make
up化妆;组成;弥补;和好;编造
make
sure确保,确信
经典例题
1.用make的相关短语填空
(1)In
some
languages,100
words
half
of
all
words
used
in
daily
conversations.
(2)When
the
group
discussion
is
nearing
its
end,
to
conclude
it
with
important
points.
(3)The
children
took
their
ice
skates
and
the
frozen
pond.
(4)(2019·天津卷)I
could
hear
voices
but
I
couldn’t
what
they
were
saying.
2.改为同义句
I’m
sorry
I
can’t
quite
make
out
what
you
mean.
→I’m
sorry
I
can’t
quite
what
you
mean.
Point16
observe
用法详解
(1)vt.注意到;观察到,后接不带to不定式、现在分词或过去分词做宾补。
observe
sb.do
/doing
sth.观察某人做了/正在做某事
be
observed
to
do
/doing
sth.被看见做了/正在做某事
The
police
observed
a
man
enter
the
bank.
警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。
He
was
observed
to
follow
her
closely.有人看到他紧跟着她。
(2)vt.说话;评论,后接that从句。
She
observed
that
it
was
getting
late.她说天色晚了。
(3)vt.遵守(规则、法律等),相当于obey,后接名词做宾语。
Will
the
rebels
observe
the
ceasefire 叛乱者会遵守停火协议吗
The
crowd
observed
a
minute’s
silence
in
memory
of
those
who
had
died.
众人为死者默哀一分钟。
(4)vt.庆祝;庆贺,相当于celebrate。
Do
they
observe
Christmas 他们过不过圣诞节
归纳拓展
observation
n.观察 observer
n.观察者;观察员
经典例题
1.写出observe的含义
(1)He
made
a
telescope
through
which
he
could
observe
the
stars.
(2)All
citizens
should
observe
traffic
rules.
(3)Chinese
people
all
over
the
world
observe
the
Spring
Festival.
(4)She
observed
that
the
work
was
well
done.
2.单句语法填空
(1)He
was
observed
(leave)
the
room
quickly
then.
(2)She
observed
a
man
(walk)
on
the
opposite
side
of
the
road
then.
(3)The
lecture
was
followed
by
an
(observe)
of
the
moon
through
telescopes.
Point17
remind
用法详解
vt.提醒;使想起,常与介词of连用。
remind
sb.of
sth.提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
remind
sb.to
do
sth.提醒某人做某事
remind
sb.+that/what/how从句
提醒某人……
I’m
sorry;I’ve
forgotten
your
name.Can
you
remind
me
对不起,我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗
This
story
reminds
me
of
my
childhood.这个故事让我想起了我的童年。
Be
sure
to
remind
her
to
come
back
early.一定要提醒她早点儿回来。
归纳拓展
reminder
n.提示;使人回忆起某事的事物
serve
as
a
reminder
of提醒……
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Mary,I
reminded
John
his
promise
to
help
you.
(2)Michael
put
up
a
picture
of
Yao
Ming
beside
the
bed
to
keep
himself
(remind)
of
his
own
dream.
(3)The
incident
served
as
a
timely
(remind)
of
just
how
dangerous
mountain
climbing
can
be.
(4)He
reminded
me
(lock)
up
the
house
when
I
go
out.
Point18
watch
over
用法详解
watch
over照管;监督;保护
He
is
very
ill,and
needs
someone
to
watch
over
him
all
the
time.
他的病很重,需要有人一直照顾他。
I
watch
over
this
place
every
day
just
to
catch
people
like
you.
我每天看管这个地方就是为了抓住你这样的人。
Is
that
why
you
watch
over
the
neighbors
那就是你监视邻居们的原因
归纳拓展
watch
out小心;留神;注意
watch
out
for密切注意;留意
watch
your
mouth/tongue(俚语)说话当心
on
watch值班,监视
mind/watch
your
step走路小心;
言行小心谨慎
经典例题
1.用watch相关短语填空
(1)You
will
catch
a
cold
if
you
don’t
.
(2)He
asked
me
to
the
man
who
was
wearing
a
black
suit.
(3)The
guards
were
hired
to
the
houses
as
they
were
being
built.
2.一句多译
我会照顾好我的小狗。
(1)
(watch)
(2)
(look)
(3)
(take)
Point19
attack
用法详解
(1)n.进攻,攻击,后面接介词on或against。
launch/make
an
attack
发起
/进行攻击
under
attack
受到攻击
The
police
came
under
attack
from
angry
crowds.
警察遭到愤怒的人群的袭击。
(2)n.[C]
(尤指常发疾病的)发作,侵袭
suffer
a
heart
attack心脏病发作
The
women
who
ate
the
most
fish
were
least
likely
to
suffer
a
heart
attack
or
die
of
heart
problems.那些吃鱼数量最多的女性,心脏病发作或者死于心脏病的可能性最小。
(3)vt.袭击;攻击
The
man
attacked
him
with
a
knife.那个男人持刀向他行凶。
(4)vt.抨击;非难
attack…for
(doing)…因……而抨击……(=criticize…for…)
She
has
been
attacked
for
ignoring
her
own
party
members.
她因漠视本党成员而受到非难。
(5)vt.(疾病、昆虫等)攻击,侵袭,破坏
It
is
reported
that
this
disease
attacks
the
central
nervous
system.
据报道,这种疾病破坏中枢神经系统。
归纳拓展
attacker
n.袭击者
经典例题
1.写出attack的含义
(1)The
newspapers
attacked
the
Prime
Minister
because
of
the
new
law.
(2)The
disease
attacked
the
crops.
(3)As
we
had
expected,the
attack
succeeded.
2.单句语法填空
(1)When
an
animal
is
attack,it
can
run
away
or
fight
back.
(2)The
victim(受害者)
(attack)
with
a
knife
and
bled
to
death
as
a
result.
(3)China
recently
tightened
its
water
controls
to
prevent
Chinese
fishing
boats
from
(attack)
Point
20
recover
用法详解
(1)vi.恢复健康;康复;痊愈;恢复常态,后常接介词from。
recover
from
从……中恢复过来
He’s
still
recovering
from
his
operation.手术后,他仍在恢复之中。
It
can
take
many
years
to
recover
from
the
death
of
a
loved
one.
从失去亲人的痛苦中恢复过来可能要花很多年。
(2)vt.找回;寻回;重新获得
recover
sth.重新获得……
The
police
eventually
recovered
the
stolen
paintings.
警方最终追回了失窃的油画。
(3)vt.恢复(意识、神志或身体状态)
recover
sight恢复视力
recover
oneself
镇定下来(=calm
down)
She
soon
recovered
herself
and
stopped
crying.
不一会儿,她冷静下来,不再哭了。
归纳拓展
recovery
n.恢复健康;康复;痊愈;恢复常态
recoverable
adj.可恢复的;可痊愈的
经典例题
1.翻译句子
(1)花了5分钟她才恢复视力。
________________________________
(2)他找回了丢失的手机。
________________________________
2.单句语法填空
(1)He
has
never
recovered
the
shock
of
his
brother’s
death.
(2)My
father
has
made
a
full
(recover)
from
the
operation.
3.改为同义句
After
a
while,she
recovered
herself
and
listened
to
me.
→After
a
while,she
and
listened
to
me.
Point21
remove
用法详解
(1)vt.移开;拿开;去掉;从……机构开除
remove…from…从……移除/开除……
He
removed
his
hand
from
her
shoulder.他将手从她的肩膀上拿开。
Three
children
were
removed
from
the
school
for
their
bad
behaviour.
三个孩子因行为不检被学校开除。
(2)vt.脱去(衣服等);摘下
(=take
off
)
She
removed
her
glasses
and
rubbed
her
eyes.她摘下眼镜,揉了揉眼睛。
(3)vt.排除(污渍、不愉快的事物等);使消失
remove
obstacles排除障碍
The
news
removed
any
doubts
about
the
company’s
future.
这个消息消除了一切有关公司未来的疑虑。
(4)vt.免除,解除(职务等),常与介词from连用。
They
removed
him
from
his
position.
他们撤销了他的职务。
(5)vt.搬家,迁居,移居,迁移
remove
to搬到……
I
am
going
to
remove
to
a
new
house.
我将搬到一栋新房子里去。
归纳拓展
removal
n.除去;消除;清除
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Please
remove
your
bag
the
seat
so
that
I
can
sit
down.
(2)He
will
probably
(remove)
from
the
list.
(3)They
removed
from
the
city
the
countryside.
(4)We
haven’t
told
our
friends
about
our
(remove)
to
London.
(5)She
had
her
tumour(肿瘤)
(remove)
and
soon
recovered.
2.改为同义句
She
removed
her
gloves
quickly
when
she
entered.
→She
her
gloves
quickly
when
she
entered.
Point22
exist
用法详解
(1)vi.存在,不用于进行时或被动语态。
exist
in存在于,在于(=lie
in)
There
exists+名词
存在……
Does
life
exist
on
other
planets 其他行星上有生命存在吗
Between
these
co-workers,there
exists
a
trust
relationship.
在这些同事之间,存在这种信任关系。
(2)vi.生活,生存
exist
on+名词 靠……为生(=live/feed
on)
We
existed
on
a
diet
of
rice.我们靠吃大米过活。
归纳拓展
existence
n.存在
come
into
existence开始存在
earn
one’s
existence谋生 in
existence现存的;现有的
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)He
exists
ten
dollars
a
week.
(2)I
think
store
shopping
in
the
future
(exist)along
with
home
shopping
but
will
never
be
replaced.
(3)Pakistan
came
into
(exist)
as
an
independent
country
after
the
war.
(4)There
seemed
(exist)
a
kind
of
rare
animal
in
Shengnongjia.
2.改为同义句
They
cannot
exist
on
such
low
wages.
→They
cannot
such
low
wages.
Point23
harmony
用法详解
(1)n.(人际关系的)融洽,和睦
in
harmony
with
与……和谐
out
of
harmony
with与……不和谐
The
couple
live
in
perfect
harmony.这对夫妇和睦地生活着。
Our
polluted
earth
shows
that
we
live
out
of
harmony
with
nature.
我们被污染的地球显示出我们并没有与大自然和睦相处。
(2)n.和声
sing
in
harmony和声唱歌
Their
voices
sound
beautiful
as
they
sing
in
harmony.
当他们和声唱歌时,声音听起来很美妙。
(3)n.和谐;协调(指色彩等)
The
harmony
of
sea
and
sky
makes
a
beautiful
picture.
海天一色构成一幅美丽的图画。
归纳拓展
(1)“in+名词”结构的短语:
in
peace平静地
in
danger
处于危险中
in
relief如释重负地
in
surprise吃惊地
in
progress进展中
(2)harmonious
adj.友好和睦的;和谐的
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Bob
and
I
worked
together
harmony
for
years.
(2)Their
(harmony)
relationship
resulted
in
bigger
profits.
(3)Chinese
art
stresses
harmony
between
Man
and
Nature.
2.用介词in的相关短语填空
(1)One
more
question
and
I’ll
leave
you
.
(2)I
was
when
she
told
me
that
she
was
an
orphan(孤儿).
(3)All
of
us
will
struggle
hard
to
survive
if
we
are
.
(4)Don’t
leave
when
the
meeting
is
. 新人教（2019）必修二第二单元
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking
&
Reading
and
Thinking
重点词汇讲解
Point1
end
up
用法详解
(1)end
up(以……)结束,后接v.-ing形式或介词短语。
end
up
in
prison/failure最终会坐牢/失败
end
up
with…以……而结束……
I
ended
up
telling
him
everything
although
I
tried
not
to.
虽然我试图不说,但是结果我还是把一切都告诉他了。
The
students
ended
up
their
class
meeting
with
a
chorus
singing.
学生们以合唱结束了班会。
(2)end
up
as
sb./sth.最终成为/变得,as表示“作为,当”含义。
In
spite
of
the
people’s
opinions,she
ended
up
as
the
winner.
尽管众说纷纭,最后她还是成了胜利者。
(3)end
up+形容词,表示“最终处于……的状态”。
If
he
carries
on
driving
like
that,he’ll
end
up
dead.
如果他继续那样开车,总有一天会把命都丢掉。
归纳拓展
at
the
end
of
the
day(俚语)最终,到头来
at
an
end
结束
at
the
end
of
在……的末端/结束时
in
the
end最后;终于
make
(both)
ends
meet使收支相抵;勉强维持生计
on
end竖着;直立着;连续地
put
an
end
to
结束……
come
to
an
end结束
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Smell
the
flowers
before
you
go
to
sleep,and
you
may
just
end
up
sweet
dreams.
(2)Joining
the
firm
as
a
clerk,he
got
rapid
promotion,and
ended
up
a
manager.
(3)If
you
go
on
doing
that
kind
of
thing,you’ll
end
up
prison.
(4)You’ll
end
up (get)
burnt
if
you
don’t
keep
away
from
the
fire.
(5)After
gaining
two
fortunes,he
ended
up
(poorly)
when
he
died.
2.用end的相关短语填空
(1)Many
families
struggled
to
.
(2)My
holiday
is
and
I
must
go
back
to
work
tomorrow.
(3)It
is
high
time
that
we
this
discussion.
参考答案
1.(1)with (2)as (3)in (4)getting (5)poor
2.(1)make
ends
meet (2)at
an
end
(3)put
an
end
to
Point2
die
out
用法详解
(1)灭绝;绝种
How
did
the
dinosaurs
die
out 恐龙是如何灭绝的
(2)(习俗等)逐渐消失
Many
old
customs
are
gradually
dying
out.许多旧习俗都在逐渐消失。
(3)(火)逐渐熄灭;(风等)逐渐停止
Once
the
fire
has
died
out,the
rescue
team
will
move
in.
一旦大火熄灭,救援队就会马上进入。
归纳拓展
die
away(声音等)逐渐减弱;逐渐模糊;逐渐消失
die
down(火、兴奋等)逐渐变弱;逐渐平息
die
off相继死去;先后死去
die
for为……而死
die
of死于...(主要用于指疾病、衰老等自身的原因造成的死亡)
die
from死于...(主要用于指环境、事故等外部原因造成的死亡)
be
dying
to
do
sth.渴望做某事
经典例题
1.改为同义句
Many
species
of
plants
and
animals
have
died
out
from
our
planet.
→Many
species
of
plants
and
animals
from
our
planet.
2.用die的相关短语填空
(1)His
footsteps
in
the
darkness.
(2)The
excitement
as
time
went
by.
(3)It
used
to
be
considered
part
of
a
young
man’s
duty
to
his
country.
参考答案
1.have
disappeared
2.(1)died
away
(2)died
down
(3)die
for
Point3
alarming
用法详解
alarming
adj.使人惊恐的;令人惊慌的;引起恐慌的
at
an
alarming
rate/speed以惊人的速度
The
rain
forests
are
disappearing
at
an
alarming
rate.
雨林正以惊人的速度消失。
归纳拓展
(1)alarm
n.惊恐;惊慌;警报;闹钟
vt.使惊恐;使害怕
in
alarm惊恐地
sound
the
alarm发出警报
alarm
bells警铃
(2)alarmed
adj.惊恐的;惊慌的
be
alarmed
at/by对……感到惊恐
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Everybody
(alarm)
at
the
news
that
a
war
might
break
out.
(2)If
a
smoke
detector
sets
off
alarm
in
the
kitchen,you
should
react
quickly.
(3)It
was
(alarm)
that
the
virus
had
caused
11
deaths.
2.翻译句子
人口正以惊人的速度下降。
参考答案
1.(1)alarmed
(2)the
(3)alarming
2.The
population
is
dropping
at
an
alarming
speed.
Point4
rate
用法详解
(1)n.[C]
速度;进度,常与介词at搭配,相当于speed。
at
a
rate
of…以……的速度
Most
people
walk
at
an
average
rate
of
5
kilometers
an
hour.
大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5千米。
(2)n.[C]
比率;率
birth/death
rate出生率/死亡率
rates
of
exchange/interest汇率/利率
There
has
been
a
gradual
increase
in
the
birth
rate.出生率在逐渐增长。
(3)n.[C]
价格;费用
What
is
the
advertising
rate
in
your
newspaper
你们报纸的广告价格是多少
(4)vt.评估;评价;估价
rate…as把……看作 rate…among…认为/把……算作……之一
The
show
was
rated
as
a
success
by
critics
and
audiences.
评论家和观众都认为这次演出是成功的。
归纳拓展
at
any
rate无论如何,不管怎样
rating
n.等级;级别
经典例题
1.写出rate的含义
(1)Prices
keep
rising
at
a
rapid
rate.
(2)His
house
was
rated
at
one
million
dollars.
(3)The
exchange
rate
between
the
dollar
and
the
RMB
is
changing.
2.单句语法填空
(1)I
may
be
away
on
business
next
week
but
any
rate
I’ll
be
back
by
Friday.
(2)China
and
India
(rate)
as
the
most
attractive
markets
now.
参考答案
1.(1)速度
(2)估价
(3)率
2.(1)at
(2)
are
rated
Point5
mass
用法详解
(1)n.[C]
团;块;堆
a
mass
of一团/块/堆的……(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词)
masses
of成团/块/堆的……;大量的……(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词)
The
sky
was
full
of
dark
masses
of
clouds.天空中乌云密布。
There
were
masses
of
people
in
the
shops
yesterday.
昨天商店里人如潮涌。
(2)n.群众;平民百姓,常用复数形式。
The
TV
programme
has
brought
science
to
the
masses.
电视节目已经把科学带给了平民百姓。
(3)n.[U]
(technical
术语)
质量
It
is
hard
for
scientists
to
calculate
the
mass
of
a
planet.
科学家计算一个行星的质量是很难的。
特别提醒
masses
of做主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面名词的数决定。
归纳拓展
massive
adj.巨大的;大而重的
经典例题
1.写出mass的含义
(1)There
is
a
mass
of
books
on
the
desk.
(2)The
masses
have
endless
creative
power.
(3)Einstein
studied
the
relation
of
energy
and
mass.
2.翻译句子
(1)从山上滚下来的一大块石头。
__________________________________
(2)她有一大堆的工作要做。
_____________________________
参考答案
1.(1)堆
(2)群众
(3)质量
2.(1)A
big
mass
of
stone
rolled
down
the
mountain.
(2)There’s
masses
of
work
for
her
to
do.
Point6
aware
用法详解
aware
adj.知道;意识到;明白;发觉(其后常与of搭配)
be
aware
of明白/意识到
make
sb.aware
of使某人明白/意识到
be
aware
that从句 明白/意识到……
As
far
as
I’m
aware…据我所知……
He
was
well
aware
of
the
problem.他很清楚这个问题。
Everybody
should
be
made
aware
of
the
risks
involved.
应该让人人都知道其中的风险。
I
was
aware
that
she
was
trembling.我察觉到她在发抖。
归纳拓展
(1)awareness
n.意识
environmental
awareness环境意识
raise
the
awareness
of
sth.加强对某事物的意识
(2)unaware
adj.不知道的;没意识到的;未察觉的
be
unaware
of
不知道……
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)People
should
be
made
aware
the
lack
of
water.
(2)She
hadn’t
read
the
letter
and
so
was
(aware)
of
its
contents.
(3)It
is
important
that
students
develop
the
(aware)
of
how
the
Internet
can
be
used.
2.改为同义句
As
far
as
I
am
aware,the
invitations
to
the
party
have
all
been
sent.
→ ,the
invitations
to
the
party
have
all
been
sent.
3.翻译句子
她知道他正在生气。
_______________________________
参考答案
1.(1)of (2)
unaware (3)awareness
2.As
far
as
I
know
3.She
was
aware
that
he
was
angry.
Point7
endanger
用法详解
endanger
vt.使遭危险;危及;危害(后面接名词或代词)
A
heart
attack
may
endanger
the
patient’s
life.
心脏病发作可能危及患者的生命。
Development
of
the
area
would
endanger
wildlife.
开发这一地区将会危及野生生物。
归纳拓展
(1)danger
n.危险
in
danger
(of)在危险中,有……的危险
out
of
danger脱离危险
be
a
danger
to对……是危害,威胁
(2)dangerous
adj.危险的
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)This
type
of
snake
has
been
declared
an
(danger)
species.
(2)It
is
(danger)
to
walk
on
thin
ice
in
a
lake.
(3)The
flood
was
danger
to
the
livelihood
of
the
people
there.
(4)This
kind
of
animal
is
in
danger
of
(become)
extinct.
参考答案
(1)endangered (2)dangerous (3)a (4)becoming
Point8
average
用法详解
(1)n.平均数(后常接介词of)
an
average
of
……的平均数
Parents
spend
an
average
of
$220
a
year
on
toys
for
their
children.
父母为孩子买玩具的花费平均每年为220美元。
(2)n.平均水平;一般水准
on
average平均;基本上;大体上
above/below
average高于/低于平均水平
About
400
people
a
year
die
of
this
disease
on
average.
平均每年有大约400人死于这种疾病。
These
exam
results
are
above
average.这些考试成绩高于平均水平。
(3)adj.平均的;普通的;(数量)中等的
The
average
age
of
the
boys
in
this
class
is
fifteen.
本班男生的平均年龄是15岁。
I
was
just
an
average
student.我只是一个普通的学生。
经典例题
1.写出average
的含义
(1)Tom’s
work
at
school
is
above
average.
(2)He
is
an
average
man;there’s
nothing
special
about
him.
(3)It
takes
an
average
of
ten
weeks
for
them
to
sell
a
house.
2.翻译句子
(1)此时的温度低于平均水平。
___________________________________
(2)大体上,普通人生活得幸福。
___________________________________
参考答案
1.(1)平均水平 (2)普通的
(3)平均数
2.(1)The
temperature
now
is
below
average.
(2)On
average,average
people
live
happily.
Point9
make
progress
用法详解
(1)make
progress进步,进展。后接介词in,表示“在……方面取得进步/进展”,progress是不可数名词。
make
great/rapid
progress
in
(doing)
在(做)……方面取得大/迅速的进步
The
medical
community
continues
to
make
progress
in
the
fight
against
cancer.医学界在抗癌的斗争中不断取得进步。
(2)make
progress前进;行进
There
wasn’t
much
traffic
so
we
made
good
progress.
来往车辆不多,所以我们开得很快。
归纳拓展
(1)in
progress在进行中
(2)progress
vi.进展;进步
progress
to
sth.接着做(另一件事)
特别提醒
表示“在……方面有进步”的短语:make
advances
in
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)We
have
made
progress
in
(improve)
skills
of
reading.
(2)The
game
was
already
progress
when
we
took
our
seats.
(3)Our
cooperation
(progress)
in
the
past
decade.
2.改为同义句
She
is
progressing
in
her
studies.
→(1)She
is
in
her
studies.(progress)
→(2)She
is
in
her
studies.(advance)
参考答案1.(1)improving (2)in (3)has
progressed
2.(1)making
progress (2)making
advances
Point10
concern
用法详解
(1)vt.&
vi.让(某人)担忧;关心;关注
It
concerns
sb.that…令某人担忧的是……
concern
oneself
with/over/about关心;担心
It
concerns
me
that
you
no
longer
seem
to
care.
你似乎不再在乎,这令我担忧。
She
is
always
concerning
herself
about
him.她一直在关心他。
(2)vt.涉及;与……有关
concern
sb./sth.涉及到某人/某事
This
is
a
great
event
that
concerns
the
future
of
our
company.
这是关系到我们公司前途的大事。
(3)n.[U]担心,关切;[C]关心的事
show/feel
concern
about/over/for…
对……表示担心/关心/挂念……
The
report
expressed
concern
over
continuing
high
unemployment.
报告表达了对失业率居高不下的忧虑。
归纳拓展
(1)concerned
adj.关心的;担忧的
be
concerned
about/for关心;挂念
be
concerned
with与……有关
as/so
far
as
sb./sth.is
concerned就……而言
(2)concerned做前置定语时,表示“担心的,忧虑的”;做后置定语时,表示“有关的”。
(3)concerning
prep.关于,常用于名词或代词后。
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Nowadays
people
are
more
(concern)
about
the
environment
where
they
live.
(2)A
good
doctor
should
always
concern
(he)
with
his
patients.
(3)As
a
grassroots
singer,she
reads
everything
(concern)
music.
2.改为同义句
(1)Don’t
concern
yourself
with
matters
that
are
not
your
business.
→Don’t
matters
that
are
not
your
business.
(2)In
my
opinion,I
believe
that
it
is
a
wise
choice.
→ ,I
believe
that
it
is
a
wise
choice.
3.翻译句子
忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次与他们孩子的教育有关的会议。
____________________________________________________
参考答案
1.(1)concerned (2)himself (3)concerning
2.(1)be
concerned
with
(2)As
far
as
I
am
concerned
3.Concerned
parents
held
a
meeting
concerning
the
education
of
their
children.
Point11
adapt
用法详解
(1)vt.&
vi.(使)适应。常与介词to连用,to后接名词、代词或动名词。
adapt
(oneself)
to
(doing)
sth.(使)适应(做)某事
It
took
him
a
while
to
adapt
himself
to
living
in
his
new
surroundings.
他过了好一阵子才适应了在新环境中生活。
(2)vt.改编;改写
adapt
sth.for
sth.把……改编成……
adapt
sth.from
sth.根据……改编……
He
is
going
to
adapt
his
play
for
television.
他打算把自己的剧本改编成电视剧。
This
play
is
adapted
from
a
novel
written
by
Dack.
这个剧本是根据达克写的一部小说改编的。
(3)vt.使适合(新用途、新情况);改造,其后常接for
use。
Most
of
these
tools
have
been
specially
adapted
for
use
by
disabled
people.
这些工具大多数已经过特别改装,供残疾人使用。
归纳拓展
adaptation
n.改编本;改写本;适应
adaptable
adj.有适应能力的;能适应的
易混辨析adapt/adopt
易混词
区别
adapt
(1)vt.&
vi.(使)适应(与介词to连用)
(2)vt.改编(与介词for或from连用)
adopt
(1)vt.收养adopt
a
child收为养子/女 (2)vt.采取;采用
特别提醒
表示“适应”的短语:adjust
to
(doing)
sth.
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)This
text
is
adapted
a
story
in
Chinese
Literature.
(2)This
building
has
been
adapted
the
dormitory(寝室)
of
the
students.
(3)A
desert
plant
adapts
to
(live)
in
a
dry
habitat.
(4)The
play
is
an
(adapt)
of
a
short
novel.
2.改为同义句
A
child
can
easily
adapt
to
changes
in
its
environment.
→A
child
can
easily
changes
in
its
environment.
3.选词填空(adapt/adopt)
(1)According
to
the
students’
differences,teachers
should
different
teaching
methods.
(2)Can
you
your
way
of
thinking
to
the
new
lifestyle
参考答案
1.(1)from
(2)for
(3)living
(4)adaptation
2.adjust
to
3.(1)adopt
(2)adapt
Point12
measure
用法详解
(1)n.措施;方法
take
measures
to
do
sth.采取措施做某事(=take
steps
to
do
sth.)
We
must
take
preventive
measures
to
reduce
crime
in
the
area.
我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。
(2)n.度量单位;尺寸,分量
make…to
measure根据尺寸定做(衣服)
take
sb.’s
measure给某人量尺寸
The
metre
is
a
measure
of
length.米是长度单位。
Do
you
make
suits
to
measure 你定做西装吗
(3)vt.测量,通常是表示人的名词或代词做主语。
He
measured
the
height
of
the
cupboard.他量了碗橱的高度。
(4)vt.量度为,通常是表示物的名词做主语,不用被动语态。
The
room
measures
25
feet
across.这个房间宽25英尺。
(5)vt.权衡,使相比较,常与介词against连用。
measure…against…权衡……与……(=weigh…against…)
I
measured
the
benefits
of
the
plan
against
the
risks
involved.
我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。
归纳拓展
weight
n.重量
weighty
adj.重的;沉重的
weightless
adj.无重量的;失重的
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)I
want
the
suit
made
his
own
measure.
(2)The
house
is
more
than
twenty
meters
long
and
(measure)
six
meters
in
width.
(3)He
(measure)
for
a
new
suit
yesterday.
(4)We
hope
the
government
will
take
effective
measures
(reduce)
pollution.
2.改为同义句
(1)We
must
take
measures
to
prevent
this
from
happening
again.
→We
must
to
prevent
this
from
happening
again.
(2)They
had
measured
the
advantage
against
disadvantage
before
making
the
decision.
→They
the
advantage
against
disadvantage
before
making
the
decision.
参考答案
1.(1)to (2)measures (3)was
measured
(4)to
reduce
2.(1)take
steps
(2)had
weighed
Point13
pressure
用法详解
(1)n.[U]
压;挤压
apply
pressure
to压住/按住
The
nurse
applied
pressure
to
his
arm
to
stop
the
bleeding.
护士压住他的胳膊止血。
(2)n.[U]
气压
A
band
of
high/low
pressure
is
moving
across
the
country.
一股高/低气压正经过这个国家。
(3)n.[U]
压力;要求
under
pressure在压力下;承受压力
place/put
pressure
on
sb.给某人施加压力
The
team
performs
well
under
pressure.这个队在压力下表现良好。
He
may
have
put
pressure
on
her
to
agree.
他可能向她施加了压力,迫使她同意。
归纳拓展
press
vt.压,挤,推,施加压力
press
sb.to
do
sth.催促某人做某事
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)He
changed
his
mind
the
pressure
from
others.
(2)They
put
pressure
the
government
to
change
its
policy(政策).
(3)The
kids
(press)
to
do
what
they
will
not
do.
2.翻译句子
(1)他们顶着压力去接受这个任务。
______________________________________
(2)不要对孩子施加太多压力。
_____________________________________
参考答案
1.(1)under (2)on (3)are
pressed
2.(1)They
were
under
pressure
to
take
this
task.
(2)Don’t
place/put
too
much
pressure
on
the
kids.
Point14
reserve
用法详解
(1)n.[C]
(动植物)保护区;自然保护区。
a
wildlife
reserve野生动植物保护区
Are
you
for
building
highways
in
a
wildlife
reserve
你赞成在自然保护区修公路吗
(2)vt.预订,预约(座位、席位、房间等)
reserve
a
ticket订票(=book
a
ticket)
I’d
like
to
reserve
a
table
for
three
for
eight
o’clock.
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
(3)vt.保留;贮备
These
seats
are
reserved
for
special
guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
(4)vt.拥有,保持,保留(某种权利)
The
management
reserves
the
right
to
refuse
admission.
管理部门有权拒绝接收。
归纳拓展
reservation
n.预订;预约 make
a
reservation
for预订
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)I’ll
call
the
restaurant
and
make
a
(reserve).
(2)“It’s
such
a
nice
place,”Mother
said
as
she
sat
at
the
table
(reserve)for
customers.
(3)I’d
prefer
(reserve)
my
judgement
until
I
find
all
the
evidence.
2.改为同义句
He
had
reserved
a
train
ticket
before
the
vacation
began.
→(1)He
had
a
train
ticket
before
the
vacation
began.
→(2)He
had
a
train
ticket
before
the
vacation
began.
参考答案
1.(1)reservation (2)reserved
(3)to
reserved
2.(1)booked (2)made
a
reservation
for
Point15
make
out
用法详解
(1)看清;听清;分清。相当于figure
out。
I
could
just
make
out
a
figure
in
the
darkness.
黑暗中我只看出了一个人的轮廓。
(2)开具,填写(表格或文件)
He
made
out
a
cheque
for
10,000
pounds.他开了一张1万英镑的支票。
(3)理解
She
was
a
strange
sort
of
person;
I
couldn’t
make
her
out.
她这个人有些古怪,我不能理解她。
归纳拓展
make
for向……移动;促成
make
off
(with)(携带某物)匆忙离开/仓皇逃跑
make
up化妆;组成;弥补;和好;编造
make
sure确保,确信
经典例题
1.用make的相关短语填空
(1)In
some
languages,100
words
half
of
all
words
used
in
daily
conversations.
(2)When
the
group
discussion
is
nearing
its
end,
to
conclude
it
with
important
points.
(3)The
children
took
their
ice
skates
and
the
frozen
pond.
(4)(2019·天津卷)I
could
hear
voices
but
I
couldn’t
what
they
were
saying.
2.改为同义句
I’m
sorry
I
can’t
quite
make
out
what
you
mean.
→I’m
sorry
I
can’t
quite
what
you
mean.
参考答案
1.(1)make
up (2)make
sure (3)made
for
(4)make
out
2.figure
out
Point16
observe
用法详解
(1)vt.注意到;观察到,后接不带to不定式、现在分词或过去分词做宾补。
observe
sb.do
/doing
sth.观察某人做了/正在做某事
be
observed
to
do
/doing
sth.被看见做了/正在做某事
The
police
observed
a
man
enter
the
bank.
警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。
He
was
observed
to
follow
her
closely.有人看到他紧跟着她。
(2)vt.说话;评论,后接that从句。
She
observed
that
it
was
getting
late.她说天色晚了。
(3)vt.遵守(规则、法律等),相当于obey,后接名词做宾语。
Will
the
rebels
observe
the
ceasefire 叛乱者会遵守停火协议吗
The
crowd
observed
a
minute’s
silence
in
memory
of
those
who
had
died.
众人为死者默哀一分钟。
(4)vt.庆祝;庆贺,相当于celebrate。
Do
they
observe
Christmas 他们过不过圣诞节
归纳拓展
observation
n.观察 observer
n.观察者;观察员
经典例题
1.写出observe的含义
(1)He
made
a
telescope
through
which
he
could
observe
the
stars.
(2)All
citizens
should
observe
traffic
rules.
(3)Chinese
people
all
over
the
world
observe
the
Spring
Festival.
(4)She
observed
that
the
work
was
well
done.
2.单句语法填空
(1)He
was
observed
(leave)
the
room
quickly
then.
(2)She
observed
a
man
(walk)
on
the
opposite
side
of
the
road
then.
(3)The
lecture
was
followed
by
an
(observe)
of
the
moon
through
telescopes.
参考答案
1.(1)观察 (2)遵守 (3)庆祝 (4)评述
2.(1)to
leave (2)walking
(3)observation
Point17
remind
用法详解
vt.提醒;使想起,常与介词of连用。
remind
sb.of
sth.提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
remind
sb.to
do
sth.提醒某人做某事
remind
sb.+that/what/how从句
提醒某人……
I’m
sorry;I’ve
forgotten
your
name.Can
you
remind
me
对不起,我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗
This
story
reminds
me
of
my
childhood.这个故事让我想起了我的童年。
Be
sure
to
remind
her
to
come
back
early.一定要提醒她早点儿回来。
归纳拓展
reminder
n.提示;使人回忆起某事的事物
serve
as
a
reminder
of提醒……
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Mary,I
reminded
John
his
promise
to
help
you.
(2)Michael
put
up
a
picture
of
Yao
Ming
beside
the
bed
to
keep
himself
(remind)
of
his
own
dream.
(3)The
incident
served
as
a
timely
(remind)
of
just
how
dangerous
mountain
climbing
can
be.
(4)He
reminded
me
(lock)
up
the
house
when
I
go
out.
参考答案
(1)of (2)reminded (3)reminder
(4)to
lock
Point18
watch
over
用法详解
watch
over照管;监督;保护
He
is
very
ill,and
needs
someone
to
watch
over
him
all
the
time.
他的病很重,需要有人一直照顾他。
I
watch
over
this
place
every
day
just
to
catch
people
like
you.
我每天看管这个地方就是为了抓住你这样的人。
Is
that
why
you
watch
over
the
neighbors
那就是你监视邻居们的原因
归纳拓展
watch
out小心;留神;注意
watch
out
for密切注意;留意
watch
your
mouth/tongue(俚语)说话当心
on
watch值班,监视
mind/watch
your
step走路小心;
言行小心谨慎
经典例题
1.用watch相关短语填空
(1)You
will
catch
a
cold
if
you
don’t
.
(2)He
asked
me
to
the
man
who
was
wearing
a
black
suit.
(3)The
guards
were
hired
to
the
houses
as
they
were
being
built.
2.一句多译
我会照顾好我的小狗。
(1)
(watch)
(2)
(look)
(3)
(take)
参考答案
1.(1)watch
out
(2)watch
out
for
(3)watch
over
2.(1)I
will
watch
over
my
dog.
(2)I
will
look
after
my
dog.
(3)I
will
take
care
of
my
dog.
Point19
attack
用法详解
(1)n.进攻,攻击,后面接介词on或against。
launch/make
an
attack
发起
/进行攻击
under
attack
受到攻击
The
police
came
under
attack
from
angry
crowds.
警察遭到愤怒的人群的袭击。
(2)n.[C]
(尤指常发疾病的)发作,侵袭
suffer
a
heart
attack心脏病发作
The
women
who
ate
the
most
fish
were
least
likely
to
suffer
a
heart
attack
or
die
of
heart
problems.那些吃鱼数量最多的女性,心脏病发作或者死于心脏病的可能性最小。
(3)vt.袭击;攻击
The
man
attacked
him
with
a
knife.那个男人持刀向他行凶。
(4)vt.抨击;非难
attack…for
(doing)…因……而抨击……(=criticize…for…)
She
has
been
attacked
for
ignoring
her
own
party
members.
她因漠视本党成员而受到非难。
(5)vt.(疾病、昆虫等)攻击,侵袭,破坏
It
is
reported
that
this
disease
attacks
the
central
nervous
system.
据报道,这种疾病破坏中枢神经系统。
归纳拓展
attacker
n.袭击者
经典例题
1.写出attack的含义
(1)The
newspapers
attacked
the
Prime
Minister
because
of
the
new
law.
(2)The
disease
attacked
the
crops.
(3)As
we
had
expected,the
attack
succeeded.
2.单句语法填空
(1)When
an
animal
is
attack,it
can
run
away
or
fight
back.
(2)The
victim(受害者)
(attack)
with
a
knife
and
bled
to
death
as
a
result.
(3)China
recently
tightened
its
water
controls
to
prevent
Chinese
fishing
boats
from
(attack)
参考答案
1.(1)抨击
(2)侵袭
(3)进攻
2.(1)under
(2)was
attacked
(3)being
attacked
Point
20
recover
用法详解
(1)vi.恢复健康;康复;痊愈;恢复常态,后常接介词from。
recover
from
从……中恢复过来
He’s
still
recovering
from
his
operation.手术后,他仍在恢复之中。
It
can
take
many
years
to
recover
from
the
death
of
a
loved
one.
从失去亲人的痛苦中恢复过来可能要花很多年。
(2)vt.找回;寻回;重新获得
recover
sth.重新获得……
The
police
eventually
recovered
the
stolen
paintings.
警方最终追回了失窃的油画。
(3)vt.恢复(意识、神志或身体状态)
recover
sight恢复视力
recover
oneself
镇定下来(=calm
down)
She
soon
recovered
herself
and
stopped
crying.
不一会儿,她冷静下来,不再哭了。
归纳拓展
recovery
n.恢复健康;康复;痊愈;恢复常态
recoverable
adj.可恢复的;可痊愈的
经典例题
1.翻译句子
(1)花了5分钟她才恢复视力。
________________________________
(2)他找回了丢失的手机。
________________________________
2.单句语法填空
(1)He
has
never
recovered
the
shock
of
his
brother’s
death.
(2)My
father
has
made
a
full
(recover)
from
the
operation.
3.改为同义句
After
a
while,she
recovered
herself
and
listened
to
me.
→After
a
while,she
and
listened
to
me.
参考答案
1.(1)It
took
her
five
minutes
to
recover
her
sight.
(2)He
recovered
his
lost
mobile
phone.
2.(1)from
(2)recovery
3.calmed
down
Point21
remove
用法详解
(1)vt.移开;拿开;去掉;从……机构开除
remove…from…从……移除/开除……
He
removed
his
hand
from
her
shoulder.他将手从她的肩膀上拿开。
Three
children
were
removed
from
the
school
for
their
bad
behaviour.
三个孩子因行为不检被学校开除。
(2)vt.脱去(衣服等);摘下
(=take
off
)
She
removed
her
glasses
and
rubbed
her
eyes.她摘下眼镜,揉了揉眼睛。
(3)vt.排除(污渍、不愉快的事物等);使消失
remove
obstacles排除障碍
The
news
removed
any
doubts
about
the
company’s
future.
这个消息消除了一切有关公司未来的疑虑。
(4)vt.免除,解除(职务等),常与介词from连用。
They
removed
him
from
his
position.
他们撤销了他的职务。
(5)vt.搬家,迁居,移居,迁移
remove
to搬到……
I
am
going
to
remove
to
a
new
house.
我将搬到一栋新房子里去。
归纳拓展
removal
n.除去;消除;清除
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Please
remove
your
bag
the
seat
so
that
I
can
sit
down.
(2)He
will
probably
(remove)
from
the
list.
(3)They
removed
from
the
city
the
countryside.
(4)We
haven’t
told
our
friends
about
our
(remove)
to
London.
(5)She
had
her
tumour(肿瘤)
(remove)
and
soon
recovered.
2.改为同义句
She
removed
her
gloves
quickly
when
she
entered.
→She
her
gloves
quickly
when
she
entered.
参考答案
1.(1)from
(2)be
removed
(3)to
(4)removal
(5)
removed
2.took
off
Point22
exist
用法详解
(1)vi.存在,不用于进行时或被动语态。
exist
in存在于,在于(=lie
in)
There
exists+名词
存在……
Does
life
exist
on
other
planets 其他行星上有生命存在吗
Between
these
co-workers,there
exists
a
trust
relationship.
在这些同事之间,存在这种信任关系。
(2)vi.生活,生存
exist
on+名词 靠……为生(=live/feed
on)
We
existed
on
a
diet
of
rice.我们靠吃大米过活。
归纳拓展
existence
n.存在
come
into
existence开始存在
earn
one’s
existence谋生 in
existence现存的;现有的
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)He
exists
ten
dollars
a
week.
(2)I
think
store
shopping
in
the
future
(exist)along
with
home
shopping
but
will
never
be
replaced.
(3)Pakistan
came
into
(exist)
as
an
independent
country
after
the
war.
(4)There
seemed
(exist)
a
kind
of
rare
animal
in
Shengnongjia.
2.改为同义句
They
cannot
exist
on
such
low
wages.
→They
cannot
such
low
wages.
参考答案
1.(1)on (2)will
exist (3)existence
(4)to
exist
2.live
on
Point23
harmony
用法详解
(1)n.(人际关系的)融洽,和睦
in
harmony
with
与……和谐
out
of
harmony
with与……不和谐
The
couple
live
in
perfect
harmony.这对夫妇和睦地生活着。
Our
polluted
earth
shows
that
we
live
out
of
harmony
with
nature.
我们被污染的地球显示出我们并没有与大自然和睦相处。
(2)n.和声
sing
in
harmony和声唱歌
Their
voices
sound
beautiful
as
they
sing
in
harmony.
当他们和声唱歌时,声音听起来很美妙。
(3)n.和谐;协调(指色彩等)
The
harmony
of
sea
and
sky
makes
a
beautiful
picture.
海天一色构成一幅美丽的图画。
归纳拓展
(1)“in+名词”结构的短语:
in
peace平静地
in
danger
处于危险中
in
relief如释重负地
in
surprise吃惊地
in
progress进展中
(2)harmonious
adj.友好和睦的;和谐的
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)Bob
and
I
worked
together
harmony
for
years.
(2)Their
(harmony)
relationship
resulted
in
bigger
profits.
(3)Chinese
art
stresses
harmony
between
Man
and
Nature.
2.用介词in的相关短语填空
(1)One
more
question
and
I’ll
leave
you
.
(2)I
was
when
she
told
me
that
she
was
an
orphan(孤儿).
(3)All
of
us
will
struggle
hard
to
survive
if
we
are
.
(4)Don’t
leave
when
the
meeting
is
.
参考答案
1.(1)in (2)harmonious (3)the
2.(1)in
peace (2)in
surprise
(3)in
danger (4)in
progress
