【2022夺分宝典】高考一轮英语复习学案(通用版)
考向十八
名词性从句-2
表语从句(原卷板)
黑龙江
哈尔滨
邱尚瑛
【考点解读】
考纲要求
表语从句是名词性从句中的一种。名词性从句包括宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句就是在句子中起到名词作用的从句。名词性从句在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此,所对应的从句又分别被称为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句。主语从句已经在前面复习过了,本讲复习表语从句。表语从句在高考试卷中常常出现,所以在进行表语从句复习的时候,首先要注重对的表语从句的语言知识进行梳理,夯实基础知识,掌握核心内容,避免偏题、难题;避免有争议的题,要把主语从句部分的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通,通过对语言知识的梳理与典型例句讲解及巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
考察热点
表语从句也是名词性从句中的一部分,只要大体上了解了名词性从句的有关用法,就能够轻松地掌握表语从句。
1.
表语从句的基本结构与常用句型
主语
+
系动词
+
that从句(注意表语从句常出现在系动词之后)
名词主语+
be
+
wh-/how疑问词引导的从句
This/That
+
be
+
wh-/how疑问词引导的从句
2.
由从属连词that和whether引导的表语从句
that引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法)等。表语从句对主句的主语进行说明、解释。
3.
由关系代词引导的表语从句
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。
4.
由关系副词引导的表语从句
when;where;
how常用来引导表语从句。
5.
由连词because,as
if/as
though等引导的表语从句
as
though
=
as
if,意为“好像;似乎”,这两个从属连词的用法和意义完全一样,但as
if
在当代英语中比
as
though
用得更多、更普遍。由as
if/as
though引导的表语从句,其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
6.
表示命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等的词后面的表语从句
主句的主语通常是表示命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等的词,如:suggestion,proposal,necessary,request,order,idea等,表语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原型,should可以省略。
基本结构:主语
+
系动词+
that
+
从句主语+
(should)
+动词原形
考查题型
例1:You
are
saying
that
everyone
should
be
equal,
and
this
is
_________
disagree.
A.
where
can
I
B.
where
I
C.
what
I
D.
how
can
I
例2:The
question
is
________it
is
worth
visiting.
A.
if
B.
as
if
C.
whether
D.
how
例3:He
is
sentenced
to
prison.
That
is
________
he
is
no
longer
a
child.
He
is
already
18
years
old.
A.
how
B.
why
C.
because
D
when
例4:The
girl
is
giving
us
a
vivid
description
of
the
moon.
It
seems
as
if
she
______
to
the
moon
many
times.
A.
were
B.
was
C.
had
been
D.
would
be
例5:That
is
_________
she
failed
to
pass
the
exam.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
why
D.
what
【考点梳理】
I表语从句概述
在句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。表语是由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当的,说明主语是什么,或者说明主语的状态、性状等;而表语从句就是用一个句子来充当表语的。在复合句中,表语从句从当主句的表语。
引导表语从句的关联词通常有从属连词that,whether,if;连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever;whichever,连接副词how,when,where,why等(与引导主语从句的关联词大致相同);还有because,
as
if,
as
though等。
表语从句位于连系动词后面,可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。
1.
表语从句的基本结构为:主语
+
系动词
+
that从句
The
trouble
now
is
that
we
are
short
of
money.
眼前的困难是我们资金短缺。
That
is
why
stone
walls
are
used
instead
of
fences
around
New
England
fields.
这就是为何在新英格兰地区使用石墙代替栅栏的原因。
At
that
time,
it
seemed
as
if
I
couldn't
think
of
the
right
word
anyhow.
当时,我似乎无论如何也想不出正确的词语。
在带有表语从句的句子中,做主语的名词通常由表示事实、真理的名词,如:fact,truth;或者表示看法、观点的名词,如:idea,opinion,
belief,feeling,suggestion,plan等等。
The
fact
is
that
our
team
has
won
the
game.
事实是我们队赢了这场比赛。
My
opinion
is
that
we
should
discuss
it
with
them.
我的意见是我们应该和他们讨论一下。
2.
表语从句的常用句型
表语从句常见的句型如下:
1)主语
+
系动词
+
that从句
The
truth
is
that
she
was
a
kind
person.
事实是她是一个善良的人。
2)名词主语+
be
+
wh-/how疑问词引导的从句
The
trouble
is
where
we
can
get
the
things
we
need.
问题是我们能在哪里得到我们需要的东西。
3)Wh-疑问词引导的主语从句+
be
+
that从句
What
surprised
me
most
was
that
all
the
pupils
were
unusually
quiet.
最让我吃惊的是所有的学生都异常安静。
This/That
+
be
+
wh-/how疑问词引导的从句
This
is
how
you
make
the
Italian
pizza.
这就是你做意大利披萨的方法。
(that在表语从句中不可省略!)
II.
表语从句用法梳理
1.
由从属连词that和whether引导的表语从句
that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法)等。表语从句对主句的主语进行说明、解释。
The
trouble
is
that
we
don't
know
his
address.
麻烦的是我们不知道他的地址。
The
difficult
is
(that)
she
has
lost
his
job.
困难是她已经失业了。
The
question
is
whether
they
will
be
able
to
help
us
out.
问题是他们能否帮助我们摆脱困境。
The
reason
for
his
absence
was
that
he
was
ill
in
hospital.
他缺席的原因是因为他生病住院了。
2.
由关系代词引导的表语从句
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。
The
question
is
which
of
us
should
go.
问题是我们该走哪条路。
The
problem
was
who
could
do
the
work.
问题是谁能做这项工作。
That's
what
he
is
worrying
about.
这就是他所担心的。
3.
由关系副词引导的表语从句
Go
and
get
your
coat.
It's
where
you
left
it.
去拿你的外套。这是你离开的地方。
That
is
how
mice
ruin
many
stores
of
grain
every
year.
The
question
is
when
he
can
arrive
at
the
hotel.
问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。
4.
由连词because,as
if/as
though等引导的表语从句
1)由because引导表语从句
That's
because
we
never
thought
of
it.
那是因为我们从未想到过。
He
was
sent
to
the
hospital.
That's
because
he
was
ill.
他被送到医院,是因为他生病了。
2)由as
if/as
though引导表语从句
as
though
=
as
if,意为“好像;似乎”,这两个从属连词的用法和意义完全一样,但as
if
在当代英语中比
as
though
用得更多、更普遍。由as
if/as
though引导的表语从句,其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
When
a
pencil
is
partly
in
a
glass
of
water.
it
looks
as
if
it
were
broken.
当铅笔一部分放进水里,看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟语气)
It
looks
as
if
it’s
going
to
rain.
看样子天要下雨了。(陈述语气)
5.
表示命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等的词后面的表语从句
主句的主语通常是表示命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等的词,如:suggestion,proposal,necessary,request,order,idea等,表语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原型,should可以省略。
基本结构:主语
+
系动词+
that
+
从句主语+
(should)
+动词原形
His
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
go
to
Shanghai.
The
suggestion
is
wonderful!他建议我们应该去上海。这个建议很棒!
My
idea
is
that
they
(should)
pay
100
dollars.
我的意见是他们应该付100美元。
考点一
表语从句的连词与语序
例1.The
traditional
view
is
________
we
sleep
because
our
brain
is
“programmed”
to
make
us
do
so.
A.
when
B.
why
C.
whether
D.
that
考点二
表语从句中表示“是否”用whether,不用if
例2.The
question
is
_________
we
can
finish
our
work
by
tomorrow
evening.
A.
that
B.
whether
C.
if
D.
what
考点三
why
和
because引导表语区别
例3.These
pictures
are
very
profitable.
That
is
________
they
were
used
as
advertisements
for
the
shop.
A.
because
B.
which
C.
what
D.
why
考点四
由as
if/as
though引导的从句
例4.Li
Lei
is
now
in
a
new
jacket.
He
looks
as
if
he
_______
an
American
boy
now.
A.
were
B.
was
C.
had
been
C.
would
be
考点五
由关系代词和关系副词引导的表语从句
例5.The
problem
is
_________
we
can
get
the
things
we
need.
A.
what
B.
where
C.
how
D.
whom
【真题呈现】
1.(2021年3月哈市高考模拟题
语法填空)_________
he
was
late
is_______
his
bike
broke
down.
A.
What;
that
B.
Why;
that
C.
When;
what
D.
The
reason
what;
that
2.(2021年3月哈市高考模拟题
语法填空)________
she
couldn’t
understand
was
_________
fewer
and
fewer
students
showed
interest
in
her
lessons.
A.
What;why
B.
That;what
C.
What;because
D.
Why;that
3.(2018
北京卷
11)Without
his
support,
we
would
be
________
we
are
now.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
where
D.
why
4.(2018
北京卷
15) This
is
________
my
father
has
taught
me
to
always
face
difficulties
and
for
the
best.
A.
how
B.
which
C.
the
D.
what
5.(2018
江苏卷
21) By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_________
we
arrived.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
why
D.
how
6.(2016
北京卷
29
)
The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
________
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
why
四、常见的需要注意的问题
1.
表语从句的语序
表语从句的语序是陈述句语序(这是名词性从句共有的特点),在含有连接代词what,who,which和连接副词how,when,where,why的从句中,容易受疑问词的影响而误用倒装语序。
The
question
is
when
they
can
come
to
the
party.
问题是他们什么时候能来晚会现场。
That
is
why
you
see
this
old
woman
before
you
now.
这就是现在这个老妈妈出现在你面前的原因。
This
is
what
he
said.
这就是他所说的话。
That
is
why
I
came
here.
这就是我来的原因。
2.
if不能引导表语从句
if不能引导表语从句,当表示是否的时候只能用whether
来引导(还有需要注意的:引导宾语从句时if/whether可以互换,但介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether来引导)。
The
question
is
whether
the
enemy
is
marching
towards
us.(连词不可用if)
问题是敌人是否正在向我们走来。
正确:His
first
question
was
whether
Tom
had
arrived
yet.
错误:His
first
question
was
if
Tom
had
arrived
yet.
他的第一个问题是汤姆是否已经到了。
【温馨提示】
if不能引导表语从句,但引导宾语从句时,if可以和whether一样,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。
I
wonder
if
/
whether
I
can
get
some
advice
from
you.
Ask
him
whether
/
if
he
can
come.
(另外,在名词性从句中,位于句首的主语从句也只能用whether来引导,同位语从句也只能用whether来引导)。
Whether
they
will
go
to
the
Great
Wall
is
unknown.
(主语从句在句首不用if)
他们是否去长城不得而知。
3.
that在表语从句中不可以省略
that引导的表语从句不可以省略that(宾语从句可以省略that,而表语从句不可以)
His
suggestion
is
that
we
should
stay
calm.
他的建议是,我们应该保持冷静。
What
I
told
him
was
that
I
would
find
him
a
good
play.
我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,但不能省略;另外,what在该句中引导的是主语从句,并且在主语从句中作直接宾语。)
4.
why
和
because引导表语从句时的区别
why
和
because
都可以引导表语从句,其区别在于:前者强调结果,后者强调原因。即,前因后果用why;前果后因用because。
He
was
ill.
That's
why
he
was
sent
to
the
hospital.
他病了(原因),所以被送到医院来(结果)。
He
was
sent
to
the
hospital.
That's
because
he
was
ill.
他被送到医院(结果),是因为他生病了(原因)。
1)常用句型:“That
is
why...”和“That
is
because...”
“That
is
why...”意为“这就是……的原因”;“That
is
because...”意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That
is
why...”与“That
is
because...”之间的不同在于“That
is
why...”指由于各种原因所造成的后果;而“That
is
because...”则指原因或理由。
He
did
not
see
the
film
last
night.
That
is
because
he
had
to
help
his
little
sister
with
her
homework.
昨天晚上他没有去看电影,
那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果,
第二句话说明原因)
He
had
seen
the
film
before.
That
is
why
he
did
not
see
it
last
night.
他以前曾看过那部电影,
因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因,
第二句话说明结果)
2)常用句型:“That
is
why...”与“That
is
the
reason
why...”
“That
is
why...”与“That
is
the
reason
why...”结构形式相似,而且同义;但是它们之间的关系应该辨析清楚:
“That
is
why...”中的why引导的是表语从句,而“That
is
the
reason
why...”中why引导的是定语从句;将其中的the
reason去掉则与“That
is
why...”结构相同。
That
is
(the
reason)
why
she
failed
to
pass
the
exam.
那就是她考试不及格的原因。
That
is
(the
reason)
why
I
cannot
agree.
这就是我不能同意的理由。
3)当主语是reason时,表语从句需要注意:
当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The
reason
why
he
was
late
was
that
he
missed
the
train
by
one
minute
this
morning.
(此处只能用that,不可以用because)
他迟到的原因是他今早晚了一分钟而误了火车。
【温馨提示】
that引导表语从句时与why和because的区别是:why和because有自己的意思;而that没有词义,that本身没有词义,只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,但不可省略(这点与宾语从句不同,在宾语从句中that可省略)。
The
reason
was
that
you
don’t
trust
her.
原因是你不信任她。
The
fact
is
that
they
are
angry
with
each
other.
事实是他们生彼此的气。
5.
由as
if/as
though引导的从句需要注意
由as
if/as
though引导的从句是常用虚拟语气。但是用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气,需要根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设,通常用虚拟语气,而且在虚拟语气中,be动词用were。
All
this
was
over
twenty
years
ago,
but
it’s
as
if
it
were
only
yesterday.
这一切都是二十多年前的事,但就好像是昨天一样。(虚拟语气)
It
seems
as
if
I’m
the
first
one
here.
看起来我是第一个到这里的。(陈述语气)
as
if/as
though引导的表语从句时,如果从句中的情况与事实不相符,从句谓语用虚拟语气时的基本结构:
1)
表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用
一般过去式,be动词用were;
2)
表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用
had
+过去分词;
3)
表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用
would
/might/could
+动词原形。
【考点过关】
1.This
is
what
_________
because
we
are
the
masters
here.
A.
we
can
do
B.
can
we
do
C.
should
we
do
D.
we
should
do
2.The
question
is
_________
we
will
take
part
in
the
physics
contest
has
not
been
decided.
A.
if
B.
whether
C.
what
D.
as
though
3.We
were
all
surprised
that
he
could
win
the
championship.
That's
_________
we
never
expected
him
to
win
this
award.
A.
why
B.
how
C.
because
D.
the
reason
4.The
clouds
are
gathering.
It
looks
as
if
it
________.
A.
might
rain
B.
is
going
to
rain
C.
had
rained
D.
rained
5.The
scissors
are
not
_______
I
need.
A.
how
B.
why
C.
what
D.
where
【同步训练】
1.
It
is
necessary
that
he
_________
to
our
meeting
tomorrow.
A.
(should)
come
B.
comes
C.
will
come
D.
would
come
2.
—
I
drove
to
Zhuhai
for
the
air
show
last
week.
—
Is
that
________
you
had
a
few
days
off
A.
where
B.
when
C.
what
D.
why
3.
________
made
the
school
proud
was
_________
more
than
90%
of
the
students
had
been
admitted
to
key
universities.
A.
What;because
B.
What;that
C.
That;what
D.
That;because
4.
—Are
you
still
thinking
about
yesterday’s
game
—Oh,
that’s
__________.
A.
what
makes
me
feel
excited
B.
whatever
I
feel
excited
about
C.
how
I
feel
about
it
D.
when
I
feel
excited
5.
That
fact
is
_________
more
than
seventy
percent
of
the
earth’s
surface
is
covered
by
water.
A.
what
B.
why
C.
where
D.
that
6.
The
reason
why
he
failed
is
________
he
was
too
careless.
A.
because
B.
that
C.
for
D.
because
of
7.
She
seems
as
if
she
_________
a
great
thing
A.
does
B.
had
done
C.
makes
D.
was
doing
8.
His
first
question
was
_________
Mr.
Smith
had
arrived
yet.
A.
if
B.
when
C.
whether
D.
that
9.
You
are
gaining
weight
recently.
It
is
________
you
eat
too
much
and
haven't
enough
time
to
do
exercise.
A.
because
B.
why
C.
the
reason
D.
what
10.
My
suggestion
is
that
you
_________
as
much
English
as
possible.
A.
were
reading
B.
are
reading
C.
should
read
D.
must
read
11.
Why
not
try
your
luck
downtown,
Bob
That’s
_________
the
best
jobs
are.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
what
D.
how
12.
The
air
is
filled
with
dirt.
It
looks
as
if
it
________.
What
pollution!
A.
is
raining
B.
might
rain
C.
had
rained
D.
were
raining
13.
He
was
ill
.That
is
________
he
didn’t
come
yesterday.
A.
when
B.
why
C.
how
D.
that
14.
—Doesn’t
Mr.
Smith
live
on
this
street
—No
.This
is
_________
Mr.
Brown
lives.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
how
D.
that
15.
The
problem
is
_________
we
can
master
modern
science
and
technology
in
a
short
time.
A.
if
B.
that
C.
what
D.
how
16.
The
reason
why
he
has
been
such
a
success
is
_________
he
never
gives
up.
A.
because
B.
that
C.
how
D.
where
17.
It
seems
_________
there
are
people
from
all
over
the
world
living
here.
A.
that
B.
when
C.
whether
D.
how
18.
My
hope
is
_______
he
will
become
a
doctor
in
the
future.
A.
if
B.
whether
C.
that
D.
what.
19【2022夺分宝典】高考一轮英语复习学案(通用版)
考向十八
名词性从句-2
表语从句(解析卷)
黑龙江
哈尔滨
邱尚瑛
【考点解读】
考纲要求
表语从句是名词性从句中的一种。名词性从句包括宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句就是在句子中起到名词作用的从句。名词性从句在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此,所对应的从句又分别被称为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句。主语从句已经在前面复习过了,本讲复习表语从句。表语从句在高考试卷中常常出现,所以在进行表语从句复习的时候,首先要注重对的表语从句的语言知识进行梳理,夯实基础知识,掌握核心内容,避免偏题、难题;避免有争议的题,要把主语从句部分的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通,通过对语言知识的梳理与典型例句讲解及巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
考察热点
表语从句也是名词性从句中的一部分,只要大体上了解了名词性从句的有关用法,就能够轻松地掌握表语从句。
1.
表语从句的基本结构与常用句型
主语
+
系动词
+
that从句(注意表语从句常出现在系动词之后)
名词主语+
be
+
wh-/how疑问词引导的从句
This/That
+
be
+
wh-/how疑问词引导的从句
2.
由从属连词that和whether引导的表语从句
that引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法)等。表语从句对主句的主语进行说明、解释。
3.
由关系代词引导的表语从句
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。
4.
由关系副词引导的表语从句
when;where;
how常用来引导表语从句。
5.
由连词because,as
if/as
though等引导的表语从句
as
though
=
as
if,意为“好像;似乎”,这两个从属连词的用法和意义完全一样,但as
if
在当代英语中比
as
though
用得更多、更普遍。由as
if/as
though引导的表语从句,其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
6.
表示命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等的词后面的表语从句
主句的主语通常是表示命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等的词,如:suggestion,proposal,necessary,request,order,idea等,表语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原型,should可以省略。
基本结构:主语
+
系动词+
that
+
从句主语+
(should)
+动词原形
考查题型
例1:You
are
saying
that
everyone
should
be
equal,
and
this
is
_________
disagree.
A.
where
can
I
B.
where
I
C.
what
I
D.
how
can
I
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你是说每个人都应该平等,这是我不同意的观点。空格处前面是系动词is,根据所给选项分析,后面应该接表语从句。从所给选项可以看出,答案A和D错误,因为表语从句要用陈述句语序,所以排除。disagree属于不及物动词,所以I
disagree本身是完整的主谓结构,空格处在从句中应该作状语,而不是宾语,因此不是答案C,而是答案D。where
I
disagree的意思是“我不同意之处/我不同意的地方”。故答案为B。
例2:The
question
is
________it
is
worth
visiting.
A.
if
B.
as
if
C.
whether
D.
how
【答案】C
【解析】句意:问题是它是否值得参观。空格前面是be动词,所以空格后是表语从句,句子中缺少“是否”的意思,所以排除as
if和how。if不能引导表语从句,因为表语从句中表示“是否”用whether,不用if。故选择答案为C。
例3:He
is
sentenced
to
prison.
That
is
________
he
is
no
longer
a
child.
He
is
already
18
years
old.
A.
how
B.
why
C.
because
D
when
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他被判处了监禁。那是因为他不再是个孩子了,他已经18岁了。because引导表语从句表示原因,why引导的表语从句表示结果。“That
is
why...”意为“这就是……的原因”;“That
is
because...”意为“这就是因为……”。从前面的句子和后面的句子得知,他被判处了监禁,之所以判处了监禁是因为他已经18岁(是成人)了,再也不是个孩子了。故选择答案为C。why
和
because
都可以引导表语从句,表示原因或者结果。其区别在于:前者强调结果,后者强调原因。故选择答案C。
例4:The
girl
is
giving
us
a
vivid
description
of
the
moon.
It
seems
as
if
she
______
to
the
moon
many
times.
A.
were
B.
was
C.
had
been
D.
would
be
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这个女孩正在给我们生动地描述月亮,就她好像已经去过月球很多次了似的。由as
if(或者as
though)引导的从句中,与事实相反的或者不可能实现的假设/不太可能发生的事情要用虚拟语气。该句中女孩好像多次去过月球这件事不太可能发生,所以用虚拟语气。根据虚拟语气的基本结构,答案A、C和D的时态都符合,但是虚拟语气中,be动词不用was,所以排除答案B;“好像去过很多次”是对与过去事实相反的描述,所以谓语动词用had
+过去分词。故选择答案C。
例5:That
is
_________
she
failed
to
pass
the
exam.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
why
D.
what
【答案】C
【解析】句意:那就是她考试不及格的原因。how在从句中表示方式;when在从句中表示时间;why可引导表示原因的表语从句;what在从句中能充当主语宾语或者表语。该从句的意思是她考试不及格,从句中结构完整,排除答案D;根据从句的句意可分析出主语说的是原因,故选择答案C。
【考点梳理】
I表语从句概述
在句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。表语是由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当的,说明主语是什么,或者说明主语的状态、性状等;而表语从句就是用一个句子来充当表语的。在复合句中,表语从句从当主句的表语。
引导表语从句的关联词通常有从属连词that,whether,if;连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever;whichever,连接副词how,when,where,why等(与引导主语从句的关联词大致相同);还有because,
as
if,
as
though等。
表语从句位于连系动词后面,可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。
1.
表语从句的基本结构为:主语
+
系动词
+
that从句
The
trouble
now
is
that
we
are
short
of
money.
眼前的困难是我们资金短缺。
That
is
why
stone
walls
are
used
instead
of
fences
around
New
England
fields.
这就是为何在新英格兰地区使用石墙代替栅栏的原因。
At
that
time,
it
seemed
as
if
I
couldn't
think
of
the
right
word
anyhow.
当时,我似乎无论如何也想不出正确的词语。
在带有表语从句的句子中,做主语的名词通常由表示事实、真理的名词,如:fact,truth;或者表示看法、观点的名词,如:idea,opinion,
belief,feeling,suggestion,plan等等。
The
fact
is
that
our
team
has
won
the
game.
事实是我们队赢了这场比赛。
My
opinion
is
that
we
should
discuss
it
with
them.
我的意见是我们应该和他们讨论一下。
2.
表语从句的常用句型
表语从句常见的句型如下:
1)主语
+
系动词
+
that从句
The
truth
is
that
she
was
a
kind
person.
事实是她是一个善良的人。
2)名词主语+
be
+
wh-/how疑问词引导的从句
The
trouble
is
where
we
can
get
the
things
we
need.
问题是我们能在哪里得到我们需要的东西。
3)Wh-疑问词引导的主语从句+
be
+
that从句
What
surprised
me
most
was
that
all
the
pupils
were
unusually
quiet.
最让我吃惊的是所有的学生都异常安静。
This/That
+
be
+
wh-/how疑问词引导的从句
This
is
how
you
make
the
Italian
pizza.
这就是你做意大利披萨的方法。
(that在表语从句中不可省略!)
II.
表语从句用法梳理
1.
由从属连词that和whether引导的表语从句
that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法)等。表语从句对主句的主语进行说明、解释。
The
trouble
is
that
we
don't
know
his
address.
麻烦的是我们不知道他的地址。
The
difficult
is
(that)
she
has
lost
his
job.
困难是她已经失业了。
The
question
is
whether
they
will
be
able
to
help
us
out.
问题是他们能否帮助我们摆脱困境。
The
reason
for
his
absence
was
that
he
was
ill
in
hospital.
他缺席的原因是因为他生病住院了。
2.
由关系代词引导的表语从句
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。
The
question
is
which
of
us
should
go.
问题是我们该走哪条路。
The
problem
was
who
could
do
the
work.
问题是谁能做这项工作。
That's
what
he
is
worrying
about.
这就是他所担心的。
3.
由关系副词引导的表语从句
Go
and
get
your
coat.
It's
where
you
left
it.
去拿你的外套。这是你离开的地方。
That
is
how
mice
ruin
many
stores
of
grain
every
year.
The
question
is
when
he
can
arrive
at
the
hotel.
问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。
4.
由连词because,as
if/as
though等引导的表语从句
1)由because引导表语从句
That's
because
we
never
thought
of
it.
那是因为我们从未想到过。
He
was
sent
to
the
hospital.
That's
because
he
was
ill.
他被送到医院,是因为他生病了。
2)由as
if/as
though引导表语从句
as
though
=
as
if,意为“好像;似乎”,这两个从属连词的用法和意义完全一样,但as
if
在当代英语中比
as
though
用得更多、更普遍。由as
if/as
though引导的表语从句,其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
When
a
pencil
is
partly
in
a
glass
of
water.
it
looks
as
if
it
were
broken.
当铅笔一部分放进水里,看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟语气)
It
looks
as
if
it’s
going
to
rain.
看样子天要下雨了。(陈述语气)
5.
表示命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等的词后面的表语从句
主句的主语通常是表示命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等的词,如:suggestion,proposal,necessary,request,order,idea等,表语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原型,should可以省略。
基本结构:主语
+
系动词+
that
+
从句主语+
(should)
+动词原形
His
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
go
to
Shanghai.
The
suggestion
is
wonderful!他建议我们应该去上海。这个建议很棒!
My
idea
is
that
they
(should)
pay
100
dollars.
我的意见是他们应该付100美元。
考点一
表语从句的连词与语序
例1.The
traditional
view
is
________
we
sleep
because
our
brain
is
“programmed”
to
make
us
do
so.
A.
when
B.
why
C.
whether
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:传统的观点是,我们睡觉是因为大脑被“编程”使我们这样做。空格处后面是一个含有原因状语从句的完整句子,句子中不缺少任何成分,又位于be动词后面,因此是一个含有状语从句的表语从句。四个答案均可做表语从句的连词,答案A、B、C在表语从句中既做连词,又有实际意义,不符合句意。所以选择答案D,that在表语从句中没有实际意义、不充当任何成分,又不可以省略的连词。故答案为D。
考点二
表语从句中表示“是否”用whether,不用if
例2.The
question
is
_________
we
can
finish
our
work
by
tomorrow
evening.
A.
that
B.
whether
C.
if
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】句意:问题是我们能否在明天晚上完成工作。空格前面有be动词,空格后面是一个完整的句子,说明空格处缺少的是表语从句的连接词,what在表语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或者表语的成分,此句完整,不缺少这些成分,故排除。that在表语从句中不充当成分,没有实际意义,也符合表语从句的用法,但是不符合该句子的句意,从句的意思是“在明天晚上能完成工作”,既然能完成,就不是问题了,所以也排除。答案B和C表示“是否”,但是,If不能引导表语从句。故选择答案B。
考点三
why
和
because引导表语区别
例3.These
pictures
are
very
profitable.
That
is
________
they
were
used
as
advertisements
for
the
shop.
A.
because
B.
which
C.
what
D.
why
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这些照片很赚钱,那是因为它们被用作商店的广告。从前面的句子得知,这些照片很赚钱,从句显然是解释赚钱的原因。why
和
because
都可以引导表语从句,表示原因或者结果。其区别在于:前者强调结果,后者强调原因。“That
is
why...”意为“这就是……的原因”;“That
is
because...”意为“这就是因为……”。“That
is
why...”与“That
is
because...”之间的不同在于“That
is
why...”指由于各种原因所造成的后果;而“That
is
because...”则指原因或理由。故选择答案A。
考点四
由as
if/as
though引导的从句
例4.Li
Lei
is
now
in
a
new
jacket.
He
looks
as
if
he
_______
an
American
boy
now.
A.
were
B.
was
C.
had
been
C.
would
be
【答案】A
【解析】句意:李雷现在穿着一件新夹克衫。他现在看起来好像是个美国男孩。由as
if(或者as
though)引导的从句常用虚拟语气。但是用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气,需要根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设,通常用虚拟语气。而且在虚拟语气中,be动词用were。故选择答案A。
考点五
由关系代词和关系副词引导的表语从句
例5.The
problem
is
_________
we
can
get
the
things
we
need.
A.
what
B.
where
C.
how
D.
whom
【答案】C
【解析】句意:问题是我们怎样得到我们需要的东西。根据所给答案的选项,空格后面是由疑问词引导的表语从句,从句中主、谓、宾语完整,根据句意,缺少方式状语,所以选择how,在表语从句中充当方式状语。故选择答案C。
【真题呈现】
1.(2021年3月哈市高考模拟题
语法填空)_________
he
was
late
is_______
his
bike
broke
down.
A.
What;
that
B.
Why;
that
C.
When;
what
D.
The
reason
what;
that
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他迟到的原因是自行车坏了。从所给的句子中“he
was
late
is…”可知从句表达的是迟到的原因,所以该部分是由Why引导的主语从句;系动词后面跟着的是一个表语从句,该表语从句告诉我们原因是自行车坏了;表示原因的连词是Why;答案A排除;答案C中When表示时间,不符合句意,而且,系动词后的从句句子完整,只能用that(只做连接词,没有实际意义,不可省略);答案D不符合The
reason
why的结构。故选择答案B。
2.(2021年3月哈市高考模拟题
语法填空)________
she
couldn’t
understand
was
_________
fewer
and
fewer
students
showed
interest
in
her
lessons.
A.
What;why
B.
That;what
C.
What;because
D.
Why;that
【答案】A
【解析】句意:她不能理解的是为什么对她的课感兴趣的学生越来越少。第一个空格处的引导词是引导的主语从句,并在该主语从句中充当宾语,特指她所不理解的事情,应选择关系代词做引导词,既what。第二个空格位于系动词之后,是一个表语从句;根据句意可知:表示“因此……”,指因某种原因所造成的后果,所以要由why引导表语从句,表示不知道是什么原因造成听课的学生少了;不是指由because引导对应的从句,表示原因、理由(为什么……的)。所以选择引导词why。故选择答案A。
3.(2018
北京卷
11)Without
his
support,
we
would
be
________
we
are
now.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
where
D.
why
【答案】C
【解析】句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在线在这个位置的他们的孩。how
表示方式,when表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因。系动词后是表语从句,根据句意可知空格处指我们所处的位置,所以用表示地点的连词;故选择答案C。
4.(2018
北京卷
15) This
is
________
my
father
has
taught
me
to
always
face
difficulties
and
for
the
best.
A.
how
B.
which
C.
the
D.
what
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这就是我父亲教导我要做到的,教我永远面对困难,从而做到最好。what是常见的名词性从句的引导词之一,除可引导从句外,还能在从句中做主、宾、表语或者做定语,what可根据句中的意思代表不同的意思。如:……的东西;……的人或者……的样子等。此句子是be动词后的表语从句,what在本句子中做taught
me的间接宾语;所以选择答案B。
5.(2018
江苏卷
21) By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_________
we
arrived.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
why
D.
how
【答案】D
【解析】句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们到达的方式。从which引导的非限制性定语从句可分析出,is后面是表语从句;再根据句意和所给的四个选项分析,how用于引导表示方式的连词,在从句中做状语,表示到达的方式。
所以选择答案D。
6.(2016
北京卷
29
)
The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
________
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
why
【答案】B
【解析】句意:雨季最令人预约的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。从空格前is可知考查的是表语从句。该句子中的从句句子结构完整,因此用只做连词、没有实际意义的连词that引导表语从句。所以选择答案B。
四、常见的需要注意的问题
1.
表语从句的语序
表语从句的语序是陈述句语序(这是名词性从句共有的特点),在含有连接代词what,who,which和连接副词how,when,where,why的从句中,容易受疑问词的影响而误用倒装语序。
The
question
is
when
they
can
come
to
the
party.
问题是他们什么时候能来晚会现场。
That
is
why
you
see
this
old
woman
before
you
now.
这就是现在这个老妈妈出现在你面前的原因。
This
is
what
he
said.
这就是他所说的话。
That
is
why
I
came
here.
这就是我来的原因。
2.
if不能引导表语从句
if不能引导表语从句,当表示是否的时候只能用whether
来引导(还有需要注意的:引导宾语从句时if/whether可以互换,但介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether来引导)。
The
question
is
whether
the
enemy
is
marching
towards
us.(连词不可用if)
问题是敌人是否正在向我们走来。
正确:His
first
question
was
whether
Tom
had
arrived
yet.
错误:His
first
question
was
if
Tom
had
arrived
yet.
他的第一个问题是汤姆是否已经到了。
【温馨提示】
if不能引导表语从句,但引导宾语从句时,if可以和whether一样,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。
I
wonder
if
/
whether
I
can
get
some
advice
from
you.
Ask
him
whether
/
if
he
can
come.
(另外,在名词性从句中,位于句首的主语从句也只能用whether来引导,同位语从句也只能用whether来引导)。
Whether
they
will
go
to
the
Great
Wall
is
unknown.
(主语从句在句首不用if)
他们是否去长城不得而知。
3.
that在表语从句中不可以省略
that引导的表语从句不可以省略that(宾语从句可以省略that,而表语从句不可以)
His
suggestion
is
that
we
should
stay
calm.
他的建议是,我们应该保持冷静。
What
I
told
him
was
that
I
would
find
him
a
good
play.
我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,但不能省略;另外,what在该句中引导的是主语从句,并且在主语从句中作直接宾语。)
4.
why
和
because引导表语从句时的区别
why
和
because
都可以引导表语从句,其区别在于:前者强调结果,后者强调原因。即,前因后果用why;前果后因用because。
He
was
ill.
That's
why
he
was
sent
to
the
hospital.
他病了(原因),所以被送到医院来(结果)。
He
was
sent
to
the
hospital.
That's
because
he
was
ill.
他被送到医院(结果),是因为他生病了(原因)。
1)常用句型:“That
is
why...”和“That
is
because...”
“That
is
why...”意为“这就是……的原因”;“That
is
because...”意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That
is
why...”与“That
is
because...”之间的不同在于“That
is
why...”指由于各种原因所造成的后果;而“That
is
because...”则指原因或理由。
He
did
not
see
the
film
last
night.
That
is
because
he
had
to
help
his
little
sister
with
her
homework.
昨天晚上他没有去看电影,
那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果,
第二句话说明原因)
He
had
seen
the
film
before.
That
is
why
he
did
not
see
it
last
night.
他以前曾看过那部电影,
因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因,
第二句话说明结果)
2)常用句型:“That
is
why...”与“That
is
the
reason
why...”
“That
is
why...”与“That
is
the
reason
why...”结构形式相似,而且同义;但是它们之间的关系应该辨析清楚:
“That
is
why...”中的why引导的是表语从句,而“That
is
the
reason
why...”中why引导的是定语从句;将其中的the
reason去掉则与“That
is
why...”结构相同。
That
is
(the
reason)
why
she
failed
to
pass
the
exam.
那就是她考试不及格的原因。
That
is
(the
reason)
why
I
cannot
agree.
这就是我不能同意的理由。
3)当主语是reason时,表语从句需要注意:
当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The
reason
why
he
was
late
was
that
he
missed
the
train
by
one
minute
this
morning.
(此处只能用that,不可以用because)
他迟到的原因是他今早晚了一分钟而误了火车。
【温馨提示】
that引导表语从句时与why和because的区别是:why和because有自己的意思;而that没有词义,that本身没有词义,只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,但不可省略(这点与宾语从句不同,在宾语从句中that可省略)。
The
reason
was
that
you
don’t
trust
her.
原因是你不信任她。
The
fact
is
that
they
are
angry
with
each
other.
事实是他们生彼此的气。
5.
由as
if/as
though引导的从句需要注意
由as
if/as
though引导的从句是常用虚拟语气。但是用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气,需要根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设,通常用虚拟语气,而且在虚拟语气中,be动词用were。
All
this
was
over
twenty
years
ago,
but
it’s
as
if
it
were
only
yesterday.
这一切都是二十多年前的事,但就好像是昨天一样。(虚拟语气)
It
seems
as
if
I’m
the
first
one
here.
看起来我是第一个到这里的。(陈述语气)
as
if/as
though引导的表语从句时,如果从句中的情况与事实不相符,从句谓语用虚拟语气时的基本结构:
1)
表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用
一般过去式,be动词用were;
2)
表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用
had
+过去分词;
3)
表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用
would
/might/could
+动词原形。
【考点过关】
1.This
is
what
_________
because
we
are
the
masters
here.
A.
we
can
do
B.
can
we
do
C.
should
we
do
D.
we
should
do
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这是我们应当做的,因为我们是这里的主人。空格前面的This
is
what告诉我们what引出的是表语从句,表语从句用陈述句语序,因此排除答案B和C。答案A和D均符合语法规范,但是。can表示能够做,而should表示应该做;从后面的原因状语从句可知,我们是这里的主人,是我们应该做的。故选择答案D。
2.The
question
is
_________
we
will
take
part
in
the
physics
contest
has
not
been
decided.
A.
if
B.
whether
C.
what
D.
as
though
【答案】B
【解析】句意:问题是我们是否参加物理竞赛还没有决定。空格前面是be动词,所以空格后应该是表语从句,该从句的句子成分完整,但是句子中缺少“是否”的意思,所以排除答案C和D;if不能引导表语从句,表示“是否”时,只能用whether。故选择答案为B。
3.We
were
all
surprised
that
he
could
win
the
championship.
That's
_________
we
never
expected
him
to
win
this
award.
A.
why
B.
how
C.
because
D.
the
reason
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们都很惊讶他竟然能夺得冠军。那是因为我们从未想到他能获得此项殊荣。从前面的句子得知“他获得了冠军都很惊讶”,之所以惊讶得原因是:我们都没有想到他会获得。因此空格处要选择表示原因的连词。why强调的是结果,because强调的是原因。答案B表示如何;答案D不符合语法规范,如果是that’s
the
reason
why(=that’s
why),从语法上符合,所表示的意义同答案A,不符合该句子。故选择答案C。
4.The
clouds
are
gathering.
It
looks
as
if
it
________.
A.
might
rain
B.
is
going
to
rain
C.
had
rained
D.
rained
【答案】B
【解析】句意:云在聚集。看来要下雨了。该句子所描述的是即将发生的事实,所以要注意:as
if(或as
though)引导的从句与事实相符的时候,从句要用陈述语气。故选择答案B。
5.The
scissors
are
not
_______
I
need.
A.
how
B.
why
C.
what
D.
where
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这把剪刀不是我所需要的。空格处缺少的是引导表语从句的连接词,从句中缺少宾语,根据所给选项,what
在从句中可以充当宾语;故选择答案C。
【同步训练】
1.
It
is
necessary
that
he
_________
to
our
meeting
tomorrow.
A.
(should)
come
B.
comes
C.
will
come
D.
would
come
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他明天有必要来参加我们的会议。主句的主语通常是表示命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等的词,如:suggestion,proposal,necessary,request,order,idea等,表语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原型,should可以省略。其基本结构是:主语
+
系动词+
that
+
从句主语+
(should)
+动词原形。故选择答案A。
2.
—
I
drove
to
Zhuhai
for
the
air
show
last
week.
—
Is
that
________
you
had
a
few
days
off
A.
where
B.
when
C.
what
D.
why
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:—上周我开车去珠海参加航空展。这就是你休了几天假的原因吧?空格处的引导词所引导的是与系动词is连用的表语从句,并在该表语从句中充当原因状语,所以空格处应该选择表示“因此……”的引导词why,指因某种原因所造成的结果。故选择答案D。
3.
________
made
the
school
proud
was
_________
more
than
90%
of
the
students
had
been
admitted
to
key
universities.
A.
What;because
B.
What;that
C.
That;what
D.
That;because
【答案】B
【解析】句意:让学校感到自豪的是,超过90%的学生已经进入重点大学就读。第一个空格处的引导词所引导是主语从句,并在该主语从句中充当主语,特指令校方骄傲的事情,应选用关系代词型的引导词what;第二个空格处所的引导词是在从句中不充当成分的that,从句中不缺少任何成分,但是that引导表语从句时,不可以省略。故选择答案B。
4.
—Are
you
still
thinking
about
yesterday’s
game
—Oh,
that’s
__________.
A.
what
makes
me
feel
excited
B.
whatever
I
feel
excited
about
C.
how
I
feel
about
it
D.
when
I
feel
excited
【答案】A
【解析】句意:—你还在想昨天的比赛吗?—哦,这就是我感到兴奋的原因。A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”;B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”;C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”;D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时候”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应,充当表语从句。故选择A。
5.
That
fact
is
_________
more
than
seventy
percent
of
the
earth’s
surface
is
covered
by
water.
A.
what
B.
why
C.
where
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:事实上,超过百分之七十的地球表面被水覆盖。从句句子完整,只缺少引导词,that引导表语从句本身没有词义,在句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分。故选择答案D。
6.
The
reason
why
he
failed
is
________
he
was
too
careless.
A.
because
B.
that
C.
for
D.
because
of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他失败的原因是他太粗心了。该句子的主语是一个主语从句,表语又是一个表语从句。主句的主语是reason。当主语是reason时,表语从句的连接词要用that引导,不能用because引导。that引导的是表语从句,在陈述reason的内容,在从句中不充当句子成分,该表从句中不缺少句子成分。故选答案B。
7.
She
seems
as
if
she
_________
a
great
thing
A.
does
B.
had
done
C.
makes
D.
was
doing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:她看起来好像做了一件大事。as
if引导表语从句,一般是与事实相反的、或者不太可能实现的假设,所以从句的谓语要用虚拟语气;但是如果从句的假设可以实现或者即将成为事实,可以用陈述句语序。从该从句的句意看,她看上去好像做了一件大事,暗含着不是的意思,所以用虚拟语气。故选择B。
8.
His
first
question
was
_________
Mr.
Smith
had
arrived
yet.
A.
if
B.
when
C.
whether
D.
that
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。主语question告诉我们要知道的问题是“是不是(是否)……”。表示是否的意思在选项中有if和whether,if不可以引导表语从句,故选择答案C。
9.
You
are
gaining
weight
recently.
It
is
________
you
eat
too
much
and
haven't
enough
time
to
do
exercise.
A.
because
B.
why
C.
the
reason
D.
what
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你最近发胖了,那是因为你吃得太多了,又没有足够的时间做运动。空格处要选择表示原因的连词,所以答案D排除。why强调的是结果,because强调的是原因,该句子是强调发胖的原因。答案C不符合语法规范,如果是that’s
the
reason
why(=that’s
why),从语法上符合,所表示的意义同答案B,不符合该句子。故选择答案A。
10.
My
suggestion
is
that
you
_________
as
much
English
as
possible.
A.
were
reading
B.
are
reading
C.
should
read
D.
must
read
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我的建议是你应该尽可能多地阅读英语。suggestion作主语时,that引出的表语从句中的谓语部分要用虚拟语气,基本结构是(should)
+动词原形,should常常被省略。故选择答案C。
11.
Why
not
try
your
luck
downtown,
Bob
That’s
_________
the
best
jobs
are.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
what
D.
how
【答案】B
【解析】句意:鲍伯,为什么不试试你的运气呢?这就是最好的工作所在。从表语从句中可分析出,最好的工作在哪里,所以用表示地点的连接词where。故选择答案B。
12.
The
air
is
filled
with
dirt.
It
looks
as
if
it
________.
What
pollution!
A.
is
raining
B.
might
rain
C.
had
rained
D.
were
raining
【答案】D
【解析】句意:空气中充满了灰尘。看起来好像正在下雨一样。as
if引导的表语从句中的谓语部分通常用虚拟语气,如果谓语部分的的动作是真实的或者有可能发生时,用陈述句语序。该句子的主语告诉我们“空气中充满了灰尘”,所以只是看上去像是在下雨,虚拟语气部分所表达的是正在进行的动作,用be动词+V-ing,be动词用were。故选择答案D。
13.
He
was
ill
.That
is
________
he
didn’t
come
yesterday.
A.
when
B.
why
C.
how
D.
that
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他病了,这就是他昨天没来的原因。why和because都可以引导表语从句,分别表示原因或者结果。其区别在于why强调结果,because强调原因。
“That
is
why...”意为“这就是……的原因”;“That
is
because...”意为“这就是因为……”。从前面的句子得知,他病了,结果是他昨天没有来。故选择答案为B。
14.
—Doesn’t
Mr.
Smith
live
on
this
street
—No
.This
is
_________
Mr.
Brown
lives.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
how
D.
that
【答案】B
【解析】句意:—史米斯先生不住在这条街上吗?—不,这是布朗先生住的地方。从句中有主语和谓语,lives住的地方要用where引导,故选择答案B。
15.
The
problem
is
_________
we
can
master
modern
science
and
technology
in
a
short
time.
A.
if
B.
that
C.
what
D.
how
【答案】D
【解析】句意:问题是我们如何在短时间内掌握现代科学技术。系动词后面的空格处是表语从句的连接词,if不能引导表语从句,所以排除;that没有实际意义,不符合句意;what可以做从句中的主语、宾语,该从句主语、宾语完整;how在从句中表示如何、怎样,符合该句子的句意。故选择答案D。
16.
The
reason
why
he
has
been
such
a
success
is
_________
he
never
gives
up.
A.
because
B.
that
C.
how
D.
where
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他之所以成功,是因为他从不放弃。主句的主语是reason。当主语是reason时,表语从句的连接词要用that引导,不能用because引导。that引导的是表语从句,在陈述reason的内容,在从句中不充当句子成分,该表从句中不缺少句子成分。故选择答案B。
17.
It
seems
_________
there
are
people
from
all
over
the
world
living
here.
A.
that
B.
when
C.
whether
D.
how
【答案】A
【解析】句意:似乎有来自世界各地的人们都生活在这里。whether表示是否,how表示方式(如何/怎样),所以答案C和D都不符合句意,可以排除。答案B在从句中作时间状语,也不符合句意。that不充当从句的句子中的成分,跟在seems的后面引导表语从句,故选择A。
18.
My
hope
is
_______
he
will
become
a
doctor
in
the
future.
A.
if
B.
whether
C.
that
D.
what.
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我希望他将来成为一名医生。主主语是名词hope,表语从句是对主语的解释说明,从句句子完整,由不充当句子成分的that引导表语从句。故选择答案C。
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