人教版（2019）选择性必修一：Unit 4 Body Language知识点学案

人教版（2019）选择性必修一：Unit
4
知识点学案
www.
Words
and
Phrases
1．contrast
n．差异；对照物
vi.&
vt.形成对照；形成对比
①Today's
work
is
quite
a
contrast
to
what
you
did
yesterday.
n.对照物
②He
contrasted
the
two
different
economic
systems
in
his
speech.
vt.
对照；对比
③This
white
peak
contrasts
finely
with
the
blue
sky.
vi.形成对照；形成对比
2．witness
vt.当场看到；目击；见证
n.
目击者；证人
①She
was
a
witness
of
the
incident.
n.目击者；证人
②No
one
could
witness
that
he
was
present.
vt.见证
③A
carpenter
was
giving
evidence
about
an
accident
he
had
witnessed．
vt.当场看到；目击
3．favour
vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于
n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
①I
hate
asking
favours
of
people.
n.帮助；恩惠
②The
teacher
favours
serious
students.
vt.较喜欢
③Hot
climate
and
plentiful
rainfall
favour
the
growth
of
plants.
vt.有利于
4．anger
n．怒气；愤怒
vt.使生气；激怒
①His
impolite
words
angered
his
teacher.
vt.使生气；激怒
②Though
he
felt
his
anger
mounting,
he
kept
perfect
control
of
himself.
n.怒气；愤怒
1.　vary
vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
(教材P38)Just
like
spoken
language,
body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture.
就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。
(2020·天津高考)
Galileo
was
not
merely
ambitious
when
he
dropped
objects
of
varying
weights
from
the
Leaning
Tower
at
Pisa
and
timed
their
fall
to
the
ground.
当伽利略从比萨斜塔上让不同重量的物体下落并计算它们落地的时间时,
他不仅仅是雄心勃勃。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Typing
patterns
vary
from
person
to
person.
打字模式因人而异。
(2)vary
　　　
vt.
改变;
使多样化(可接宾语)
(3)variety
n.
多样性
various
adj.
各种各样的
[即学即练]
由于各种原因，我不愿见他。
For
various
reasons,
I'd
prefer
not
to
meet
him.
＝For
a
variety
of
reasons,
I'd
prefer
not
to
meet
him.
＝For
varieties
of
reasons,
I'd
prefer
not
to
meet
him.
2.
approve
vi.赞成；同意
vt.批准；通过
(教材P38)In
other
countries,
by
contrast,
eye
contact
is
not
always
approved
of.
相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
[例1]　The
minister
approved
the
building
plan.
部长批准了该建筑计划。
[例2]　Her
father
will
never
approve
of
her
marriage
to
you.
他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。
[知识拓展]
(1)approve
of　
赞成；同意
approve
of
sb./sb.'s
(doing)sth.
同意某人(做)某事
(2)approval
n.
赞成；同意；批准；认可
give
one's
approval
to
批准某人……
[即学即练]
I
don't
need
approval
all
the
time.If
someone
does
not
approve
of
me,
I
will
still
be
okay.
我不总是需要别人的认同，如果有人不认同我，我还是会觉得没事。
3.
demonstrate
vt.
表现;
表达;
说明;
证明
We
want
to
demonstrate
our
commitment
to
human
rights.
我们想表明我们对人权的信念。
In
the
cities,
vast
crowds
have
been
demonstrating
for
change.
在各城市,
大量的群众已经举行示威游行要求变革。
(1)demonstrate
sth.
to
sb.
　向(某人)说明/展现某事(物)
(2)demonstrate
against
示威反对(某事)
demonstrate
for
为……而示威
(3)demonstrator
n.
示威者
demonstration
n.
示范
(1)语法填空。
①Students
are
demonstrating
against
the
war.
③We
were
given
a
brief
demonstration
(demonstrate)
of
the
computer’s
functions.
(2)Some
companies
will
be
there
to
demonstrate
their
new
products.
译文:
一些公司会在那里展示他们的新产品。
4.
witness
vt.当场看到；目击；见证
n．目击者；证人
(教材P38)In
Japan,
someone
who
witnesses
another
person
employing
the
gesture
might
think
it
means
money.
在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是有钱的意思。
[例1]　A
witness
was
examined
by
him
in
a
court
of
law.
他在法庭上质问一个证人。
[例2]　He
gave
witness
on
behalf
of
an
accused
person.
他为被告作证。
[知识拓展]
(1)witness
sth.　　
目击了某事
witness
to
(doing)sth.
证实，证明(做)某事
witness
for
为……作证
(2)be
a
witness
to
sth.
是某事的证据/证人
bear/give
witness
to
做……的证人；为……作证
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
③司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。
The
driver
witnessed
to
having
seen
the
man
enter
the
building.
The
witness
who
witnessed
the
incident
gave
witness
to
the
police
and
promised
to
be
a
witness．
这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。
[图形助记]
5.
employ
vt.
使用;
应用;
雇用
The
boss
employed
a
secretary
to
help
him
with
his
work.
老板雇来一位秘书来帮助他的工作。
The
manager
employed
himself
in
making
a
future
plan
for
his
company.
经理忙于为公司制订将来的计划。
More
local
employment
will
be
created,
particularly
in
service
industries.
当地会创造出更多的就业机会,
尤其是服务行业。
(1)employ
sb.
to
do
sth.
　　　　雇用某人做某事
(2)be
employed
in=employ
oneself
in
忙于
(3)employment
n.
雇用
employer
n.
雇用者;
雇主
employee
n.
雇员;
雇工
即学即用
He
was
employed
in
reading
and
he
didn’t
see
Tom
come
in.
①Employed
in
reading,
he
didn’t
see
Tom
come
in.
(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
②Employing
himself
in
reading,
he
didn’t
see
Tom
come
in.
(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
6.
interpret
vt.
把……理解(解释)为
vi.
&vt.
口译
We
have
to
interpret
his
words
in
a
modern
term.
我们不得不用现代术语来解释他的话。
I
didn’t
know
whether
to
interpret
her
silence
as
acceptance
or
refusal.
我不知该把她的沉默看作是接受还是拒绝。
Theatre
creates
a
new
interpretation
of
Shakespeare’s
comedy
and
aims
to
build
a
bridge
between
deaf
and
hearing
worlds.
剧院创造了一种对莎士比亚喜剧的新诠释,
旨在为聋人和听觉世界架起一座桥梁。
(1)interpret
sth.
in
　　用(言语或表演)解释某事
(2)interpret
as
解释为;
把……理解为
(3)interpret
for
sb.
为某人做翻译(interpret
主要指“口译”;
translate
主要指“笔译”)
(4)interpretation
n.
解释;
翻译
7.
differ
vi.不同于；相异
(教材P38)Even
the
gestures
we
use
for
“yes”
and
“no”
differ
around
the
world.
甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。
[例1]　Japanese
differs
greatly
from
French
in
pronunciation.
日语发音和法语大不相同。
[例2]　Conditions
of
employment
differ
according
to
the
type
of
company
you
are
working
for.
雇佣条件因供职公司的不同而有差异。
[知识拓展]
(1)differ
from...
与……不同/有区别
differ
in...
在……方面不同
differ
with
sb.on/about/over
sth.
与某人在某事上持不同(看法)
(2)different
adj.
不同的
be
different
from...
与……不同
(3)difference
n.
不同，差别
make
a
difference
(to...)
(对……)有作用或影响
Learners
with
different
cultural
backgrounds
differ
a
lot
in
their
thinking
patterns
and
learning
styles.The
difference
can
be
investigated
and
explained.
不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这种差异可以被研究和解释。
8.
favour
vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于
n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
(教材P38)Elsewhere,
people
favour
shaking
hands,
bowing
from
the
waist,
or
nodding
the
head
when
they
meet
someone
else.
在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
[例1]　I
must
decline
to
show
favour
to
any
of
the
candidates.
我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。
[知识拓展]
do
sb.a
favour＝do
a
favour
for
sb.
帮某人的忙
in
favour
of...
支持……
ask
sb.for
a
favour＝ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请求某人帮忙
in
one's
favour
对某人有利
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
③今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？
Could
you
do
me
a
favour
and
pick
up
Sam
from
school
today
＝Could
you
do
a
favour
for
me
and
pick
up
Sam
from
school
today
[图形助记]
9.　break
down消除；分解；打破
(教材P39)A
smile
can
break
down
barriers.
微笑可以打破障碍。
[知识拓展]
break
away
from
脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规
break
in
闯入；强行进入
break
out
突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)
break
up
打碎；分裂；解体；解散
[即学即练]——完成句子
①他的车在路上出故障了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
His
car
broke
down
on
the
way,
and
that
was
why
he
was
late
for
the
meeting.
②这个女孩挣脱她妈妈，跑了。
The
girl
broke
away
from
her
mother
and
ran
away.
③这个乐队大约在1970年解散，但是令人高兴的是，到了20世纪80年代中期他们再次相聚。
The
band
broke
up
about
1970,
but
happily
they
reunited
in
the
mid 1980s.
④在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。
Something
unexpected
always
breaks
out
in
this
area.
写出下列句子中黑体部分的含义。
(1)The
car
broke
down
halfway
to
the
destination.
(出故障)
(2)Chemicals
in
the
body
break
down
our
food
into
useful
substances.
(分解)
(3)I
left
London
when
my
marriage
broke
down.
(破裂)
(4)The
bridge
broke
down
in
the
big
earthquake.
(毁掉)
10.　reliable
adj.可信赖的；可靠的
(教材P39)Which
is
a
more
reliable
guide
for
understanding
someone's
feelings，their
body
language
or
the
words
they
speak
哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受：是肢体语言还是他们说的语言？
[例1]　It
has
a
highly
reliable
control
system.
它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。
[知识拓展]
(1)a
reliable
friend　
可靠的朋友
be
reliable
as
作为……是可靠的
(2)rely
v.
信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely
on/upon
依靠；依赖
rely
on
it
that...
相信
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①This
statement
is
not
reliable
as
evidence.
②It
would
be
better
to
rely
on
ourselves
than
on
others.
③You
may
rely
on
it
that
he
will
help
you.
The
land,
the
essential
means
of
production,
is
the
most
reliable
living
security
that
the
peasants
can
rely
on．土地作为基本的生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。
11.
make
inferences
推理;
推断
And
while
animals
aren’t
people,
he
says
it
is
logical
to
make
the
inference
that
an
effect
found
in
rats
may
also
apply
to
humans.
他说尽管动物不是人,
但关于在老鼠身上发现的功效同样适用于人的推断也是合乎逻辑的。
I
inferred
from
the
article
that
the
pilot
was
responsible
for
the
accident.
我从这篇文章推断,
飞行员应对事故负责。
(1)infer
　　　　v.
推断
(2)inference
　　
n.
推理;
推断
语法填空。
①Much
of
the
meaning
must
be
inferred
(infer)
from
the
context.
12.
assessment
n.
评价；评定
(教材P40)We
make
assessments
and
inferences
from
body
language.
我们从肢体语言进行评估和推断。
[例1]　What
is
your
assessment
of
the
situation
你对时局的看法如何？
[例2]　There
is
little
assessment
of
the
damage
to
the
natural
environment.
几乎没对自然环境破坏程度作出评估。
[知识拓展]
assess
vt.　　
评估；评定
assess
sth.at
评估某物(多少钱)
be
assessed
as...
被评定为……
assess＋从句
评定；估定
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①After
the
flood,
they
assessed
the
loss
at
10
million
yuan.
②Many
of
the
adults
were
assessed
(assess)as
having
learning
difficulties.
We
have
also
found
that
a
team
doing
its
own
self
assessment,
rather
than
being
assessed
by
those
outside
the
team,
is
highly
effective.
我们还发现进行自我评估的，而不是接受团队外的人评估的团队是十分高效的。
13.
tendency
n.
趋势;
倾向
She
has
a
strong
natural
tendency
towards
caution.
她天生非常小心谨慎。
People
tend
to
think
that
the
problem
will
never
affect
them.
人们往往认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们。
Ambulance
crews
were
tending
to
the
injured.
救护车上的救护人员在照料受伤者。
(1)have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.
　有做某事的倾向
(2)tend
vi.
往往,
趋向;
招待
vt.
照看,
护理
tend
to
do.
.
.
倾向于做……;
往往会……
tend
sb.
照顾某人
[即学即练]
During
the
World
War
Ⅱ,
Henry
Beecher
was
a
doctor
tending
(tend)
soldiers
on
the
battlefield.
14.
(教材P43)In
other
words．..换句话说……
[例1]　In
other
words,
she
must
give
up
singing.
换言之，
她必须放弃唱歌。
[知识拓展]
in
a/one
word　　　
总而言之
have
a
word
with
sb.
与某人说(私)话
have
words
with
sb.
与某人吵架
keep/break
one's
word
遵守诺言/失信
beyond
words
无法用言语表达
in
words
用语言
word
came
that...
有消息说……
[即学即练]——完成句子
①总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。
In
a/one
word,
success
is
important,
and
so
is
failure,
because
it's
the
mother
of
success.
②有消息说中国女足在世界杯比赛中获得第二名。
Word
came
that
the
Chinese
Women
Football
Team
won
the
second
prize
in
World
Cup.
③我无法用言语来表达我的情感。
I
can't
convey
my
feelings
in
words．
④换句话说，
他成了一位伟大的英雄。
He
became,
in
other
words,
a
great
hero.
[小片段填空]
He
is
such
a
man
that
he
can't
always
keep
his
word,
in
other
words,
he
always
breaks
his
word,
because
of
which
his
friends
often
have
words
with
him.
他是这样的一个人，总是不能遵守诺言。换句话说，他总是食言，正是因为如此，他的朋友们经常和他吵架。
(1)与in
other
words意思相同的表达有：namely,
that
is,
that
is
to
say,
in
another
word。
(2)word表示言辞、语言时通常用复数words；表示新闻、消息时是不可数名词。
15.　occupy
vt.占据；占用
(教材P44)With
their
chins
on
their
hands,
they
occupy
themselves
by
staring
out
of
the
window
or
up
at
the
ceiling.
双手托着下巴，他们专心于盯着窗外或天花板。
[例1]　Mr.White
occupies
an
important
position
in
the
Ministry
of
Education.
怀特先生在教育部里担任要职。
[例2]　He
occupied
himself
in
collecting
stamps.
他忙于集邮。
(2020·天津高考)
It
encourages
us
to
occupy
our
own
little
corner,
to
avoid
foolish
leaps
into
the
dark,
to
be
satisfied.
它鼓励我们占据自己的小角落,
避免愚蠢地跳进黑暗,
去满足。
[知识拓展]
(1)be
occupied
in
doing
sth./with
sth.
忙于做某事
occupy
oneself
with
sth./in
doing
sth.
忙于某事；专心于某事
keep
sb.occupied
使某人忙碌
(2)occupation
n.
占用；职业
[即学即练]
When
the
enemy
occupied
the
city,
the
scientist
was
occupying
himself
in
doing
his
research.In
fact,
he
had
been
occupied
with
the
research
for
many
days.
当敌人占领这座城市时，这位科学家正忙于做他的研究。事实上，他专心于这项研究已经有好几天了。
下列短语也表示“忙于做某事”:
①be
engaged
in
doing
sth.
②be
busy
in
doing
sth.
/with
sth.
③be
buried
in
doing
sth.
16.
distract
vt.
分散(注意力);
使分心
Don’t
talk
to
her─she’s
very
easily
distracted.
不要同她讲话——她的注意力很容易分散。
It
was
another
attempt
to
distract
attention
from
the
truth.
这又企图分散人们对事实真相的注意力。
(2021全国卷)
Annoyed
by
the
level
of
distraction(干扰)
in
his
open
office，he
said
“That
is
why
I
have
a
membership
at
the
coworking
space
across
the
street
.”
(1)distract
from
　　　转移;
使从……分心
be
distracted
by
/
with
被……分散注意力
(2)distraction
n.
注意力分散;
心烦意乱
即学即练
(1)语法填空。
①Tom
admits
that
playing
video
games
sometimes
distracts
him
from
his
homework.
②No
matter
what
happens,
nothing
will
distract
my
attention.
不管发生什么情况,
都不会分散我的注意力。
17.
inquire
vi.
&vt.
询问;
打听
Whatever
it
is,
I
know
I
need
to
inquire
and
assess
what
is
going
on.
不管是什么,
我知道我需要询问和评估正在发生的事情。
Inspectors
were
appointed
to
inquire
into
the
affairs
of
the
company.
检查员被派去调查该公司的事务。
inquire
about　　询问;
咨询;
打听
inquire
for
询问;
要见
inquire
into
调查
inquire
of
询问(某人);
向(某人)了解情况
inquire
after
查阅;
问候
18.
perceive
vt.
察觉;
看待;
理解
This
discovery
was
perceived
as
a
major
breakthrough.
这一发现被视为一项重大突破。
I
perceived
a
change
in
his
behaviour.
我注意到他举止有些改变。
She
perceived
that
all
was
not
well.
她意识到并非一切都顺利。
The
patient
was
perceived
to
have
difficulty
in
breathing.
发现病人呼吸困难。
(1)perceive
sb.
/sth.
as视为;
把……当作
(2)perceive+sb.
/sth.
+to
be/have
sth.
认为/发现……是……的
(3)perceive+that从句或what/where/who等从句
19.　distinguish
vi.&
vt.区分；区别；辨别
(教材P44)While
it
is
easy
to
perceive
when
students
are
interested,
bored,
or
distracted,
it
is
sometimes
much
harder
to
distinguish
when
students
are
troubled.
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
[例1]　We
can
distinguish
between
gold
and
silver.
我们能区分金和银。
[例2]　He
distinguished
himself
in
physics.
他在物理方面享有盛名。
[知识拓展]
(1)distinguish
between...and...
　　　　　　
区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...
使……有别于……的特征；
区别/辨别……和……
distinguish
oneself
by...
通过……显示自己或使自己扬名
distinguish
oneself
for...
因……而出名
distinguish
oneself
(as...)
(作为……)表现突出
(2)distinguished
adj.
卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be
distinguished
for...
因……而出名
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①My
brother
is
a
most
distinguished(distinguish)man—a
great
actor.
②真正的成年人能辨别出什么是该做的事和什么是想做的事。
True
adults
are
able
to
distinguish
between
what
they
have
to
do
and
what
they
want
to
do.
③这种成年鸟很容易根据橘黄色的喙识别出来。
The
adult
bird
can
be
easily
distinguished
by
its
orange
beak.
20.
(教材P44)They
may
also
hide
their
faces
in
their
hands
like
they
are
embarrassed
or
ashamed.
他们也可能用手掩面，就像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。
(1)embarrassed
adj.尴尬的；难堪的
[例1]　A
parrot
can
sometimes
make
you
embarrassed．
鹦鹉有时候会让人很尴尬。
[例2]　He
became
embarrassed
when
a
journalist
asked
him
pointed
questions
about
his
finances.
一名记者对他的经济情况接连提出尖锐的问题，他很是尴尬。
[知识拓展]
(1)be/feel
embarrassed
to
do
sth.
对做某事感到尴尬
be/feel
embarrassed
about/at
sth.
对某事感到难为情/不知所措
(2)embarrass
vt.
使难堪，使局促不安
embarrassing
adj.
令人难堪的
embarrassment
n.
难堪，困窘
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Much
to
his
embarrassment
(embarrass),
the
captain
made
a
duck
in
each
innings.
②His
speech
was
followed
by
an
embarrassing
(embarrass)silence.
【熟词生义】
Lack
of
trucks
embarrassed
the
army’s
movements.
卡车的缺少阻碍了军队的行程。
(v.
使陷入困境;
使为难)
(2)ashamed
adj.羞愧；惭愧
[例1]　Her
husband
felt
ashamed
at
her
behaviour.
她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。
[例2]　He
felt
very
much
ashamed
whenever
he
encountered
any
of
his
old
mates.
每当遇到老相识时，他总是感到很难为情。
[知识拓展]
(1)be
ashamed
of
(doing)sth.
因(做了)某事而感到羞愧
be
ashamed
to
do
sth.
耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
be
ashamed
that...
对……感到内疚
(2)shame
n.
羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
It's
a
shame
that...
……真让人遗憾
What
a
shame/pity!
真可惜！
[即学即练]
Don't
be
ashamed
of
speaking
poor
English.Don't
be
ashamed
of
being
laughed
at.Don't
be
ashamed
of
being
stared
at.The
only
real
shame
is
that
you
never
open
your
mouth.
不要羞于说破烂英语，不要羞于被人嘲笑，不要羞于被人注视，唯一应该羞耻的是你从不开口说。
[图形助记]　shame家族大集合
21.　call
on
(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
(教材P44)Some
students
act
this
way
merely
because
they
are
afraid
of
being
called
on
by
the
teacher.
有些学生这样做只是因为他们害怕老师叫他们。
[例1]　I
like
that
you
should
call
on
me
frequently.
我喜欢你经常来拜访我。
[例2]　He
called
on
his
friends
to
help
him.
他向他的朋友求助。
[即学即练]——完成句子
①光阴一去不复返。
Time
past
cannot
be
called
back
again.
②当我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。
When
I
called
up
my
mother
in
the
countryside
on
the
telephone
she
was
very
upset.
③足球赛为什么取消？
Why
was
the
football
match
called
off
④他们呼吁人们采取措施来抵制它。
They
call
on
people
to
take
measures
to
fight
against
it.
22.　bother
vi.&
vt.
费心；麻烦；因……操心n.麻烦；不便
(教材P44)However,
if
a
student
does
not
bother
to
brush
her
hair
and
her
eyes
are
red
from
weeping,
then
I
can
infer
that
there
are
deeper
issues
at
work.
但是，如果一个学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。
(2020·江苏高考)
The
question
of
what
we
know
and
do
not
know
constantly
bothered
me.
我们知道什么和不知道什么的问题一直困扰着我。
[知识拓展]
(1)bother
sb.with
sth.　
因某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother
to
do/doing
sth.
操心做某事
it
bothers
sb.that/to
do
sth.
使某人苦恼的是……
Don't
bother.
不用费心了。
(2)put
sb.to
any
bother
给某人添乱/让某人心烦
23.conflict
n．矛盾；冲突　vi.冲突；抵触
(教材P44)It
could
be
that
she
is
having
serious
conflicts
with
other
students
or
at
home.
可能是她和其他学生或在家里发生了严重的冲突。
[例1]　It
is
not
surprising
that
such
a
view
has
led
to
very
considerable
conflict．
这样的一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为怪的。
[例2]　Do
British
immigration
laws
conflict
with
any
international
laws
英国的移民法与国际法有抵触吗？
[知识拓展]
(1)in
conflict
with　　
与……冲突/与……矛盾
come
into
conflict
with
与……冲突/与……矛盾
(2)conflict
with
与……矛盾/冲突
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Your
statement
is
in
conflict
with
the
rest
of
the
evidence.
②She
had
often
come
into
conflict
with
her
husband.
③他很谨慎，尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。
He
is
so
cautious
that
he
tries
not
to
conflict
with
his
wife.＝He
is
so
cautious
that
he
tries
not
to
come
into
conflict
with
his
wife.＝
He
is
so
cautious
that
he
tries
not
to
be
in
conflict
with
his
wife.
23.　adjust
vt.调整；调节
vi.&
vt.适应；(使)习惯
(教材P44)Their
body
language
lets
me
know
when
to
adjust
class
activities,
when
to
intervene,
and
when
to
talk
to
students
individually...
他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候调整课堂活动，什么时候进行干预，什么时候与学生单独交谈……
[例1]　Adjust
your
language
to
the
age
of
your
audience.
要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。
[例2]　You
will
quickly
adjust
yourself
to
student
life.
你将很快适应学生生活。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)However,
we’ll
adjust
the
influence.
不过,
我们会调整影响。
[知识拓展]
(1)adjust
sth.to
sth.　
调整……以适应……
adjust
to
(doing)sth.
适应/习惯(做)某事
adjust
oneself
to...
使自己适应……
(2)adjustable
adj.
可调节的；可调整的
(3)adjustment
n.
调整；调节
make
adjustments
to
对……做出调整
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It
took
her
a
while
to
adjust
to
living
(live)alone.
②School
adjustment
is
a
process
that
students
try
to
adjust
to
the
school
life
actively,
finish
study
successfully,
develop
their
personality
well,
and
carry
out
the
purpose
of
education.
学校适应是学生主动适应学校生活，顺利完成学业、发展个性、实现学校教育目的的过程。
Sentence
Patterns
　不定式短语作后置定语
(教材P38)For
example,
making
eye
contact—looking
into
someone's
eyes—in
some
countries
is
a
way
to
display
interest.
例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——是表现出兴趣的一种方式。
句式分析：不定式短语to
display
interest作后置定语，修饰a
way。
[例1]　The
meetings
were
a
way
to
get
acquainted
with
each
other.
这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。
[例2]　The
best
way
to
deal
with
a
tease
is
to
ignore
him.
对付爱捉弄人的人的最佳方法就是不搭理他。
[知识拓展]
(1)在the
first,
the
second,
the
last,
the
next,
the
only等词和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
(2)在time,
way,
chance,
ability,
promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
chance
to
go
(go)for
a
picnic
has
been
ruined.
②He
is
the
only
man
to
know
(know)the
truth.
③最好的旅行方式是坐高铁。
The
best
way
to
travel
is
to
take
a
high speed
train.
④他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
He
is
always
the
first
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave．
⑤多锻炼是保持健康的好方法。
It's
a
good
way
to
keep
fit
with
more
exercise.
　when
doing...
(教材P38)In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect
to
look
down
when
talking
to
an
older
person.
在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。
句式分析：句中when
talking
to
an
older
person是一个省略句，补全后为：when
you
are
talking
to
an
older
person。
[例1]　When
seeing
the
naughty
child,
the
teacher
sympathized
to
his
mother.
当看到那个淘气的孩子时，
老师对他的母亲表示很同情。
[例2]　I
kept
a
diary
every
day
while
(I
was)travelling.
在那次旅行期间，我每天都写日记。
[知识拓展]
当when，while，before，after，unless，as
if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①He
won't
come
unless
invited(invite).
②While
playing
(play)with
his
children
outdoors,
the
father
felt
very
happy.
③如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。
If
you
are
accepted
for
the
job,
you'll
be
informed
soon.＝If
accepted
for
the
job,
you'll
be
informed
soon.
　比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义
(教材P39)And
if
we
are
feeling
down
or
lonely,
there
is
nothing
better
than
seeing
the
smiling
face
of
a
good
friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
句式分析：句中nothing
better
than是比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。
[例1]　Personally,
she
would
like
nothing
better
than
to
accept
this
invitation.
就她个人来说，她巴不得接受这次邀请。
[例2]　Peter
likes
nothing
better
than
going
to
the
coast
and
messing
about
in
his
boat.
彼得最喜欢去海边，毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。
[知识拓展]
最高级意义的多种表达法：
(1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
(2)否定词＋so/as
＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(3)比较级＋
than＋
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I
have
never
spent
a
more
worrying(worrying)day.
②Tom
is
more
intelligent(intelligent)than
any
other
student/all
the
other
students
in
his
class.
③再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。
No
other
book
has
had
a
greater
effect
on
my
life.
④多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。
What
a
wonderful
novel!
I
have
never
read
a
more
moving
one．
⑤李洋在班里学习最努力。
Li
Yang
studies
harder
than
anyone
else
in
his
class．
⑥在夏季炎热的下午，我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。
I
can
think
of
nothing
better
than
a
nice
cold
beer
on
a
hot
summer
afternoon.
长难句分析
1．The
crucial
thing
is
using
body
language
in
a
way
that
is
appropriate
to
the
culture
you
are
in.
[分析]　本句为复合句。动词 ing形式using
body
language
作表语，that
is
appropriate
to
the
culture
you
are
in
为that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a
way；其中you
are
in是省略了that的又一个定语从句，修饰先行词the
culture。
[译文]　最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。
2．There
are
also
differences
in
how
we
touch
each
other,
how
close
we
stand
to
someone
we
are
talking
to,
and
how
we
act
when
we
meet
or
part.
[分析]　本句为复合句。连词and连接三个how引导的宾语从句，其中we
are
talking
to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句，修饰先行词someone，when
we
meet
or
part为时间状语从句。
[译文]　我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。
　部分否定
(教材P44)Of
course，not
everyone
who
looks
up
is
paying
attention
in
class.
当然，并不是每个抬头看的人上课都专心。
句式分析：句中not
everyone...＝
everyone...not...，意为“并非每个人都……”，为部分否定。
[例1]　Not
everyone
in
the
world
will
be
kind
and
caring
towards
you.
并非世上每个人都会对你友善关心。
[例2]　Unsurprisingly,
not
everyone
agrees
that
things
are
better.
不出所料，并非人人都认同情况有所好转。
[知识拓展]
(1)当not与all，both，each,
everyone，everything，everywhere等词连用时为部分否定，意为“并不都……”。
(2)当not与any，anyone，anywhere，anything连用或出现no，nothing，nobody，nowhere，none时是完全否定。
[即学即练]——完成句子/句型转换
①我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物馆。
Nothing
in
my
life
impressed
me
so
deeply
as
my
first
visit
to
the
Palace
Museum.
②答案都不对。
None
of
the
answers
is
right.
③我实在不愿把实情告诉你，但并非人人都像你那样诚实。
I
hate
to
tell
you
the
truth,
but
not
everyone
is
as
honest
as
you．
④并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。
Every
boy
is
not
interested
in
sports.
＝Not
every
boy
is
interested
in
sports.
　as
though引导表语从句
(教材P44)It
is
as
though
they
are
asleep
with
their
eyes
open.
他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
句式分析：句中as
though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导的是表语从句。
[例1]　It
sounds
as
though
there
is
a
knock
at
the
door．
听起来好像有人在敲门。
[例2]　It
seems
as
though
it
was
spring
already．
现在好像是春天了。
[知识拓展]
(1)as
though/if意为“仿佛；好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。
(2)as
though/if后面的从句可用虚拟语气，表示一种假设或不大可能的事。从句表示与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反时，用had＋过去分词；表示将来的可能性不大的情况时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(3)从句的省略：若as
though/if引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为be，则省略“从句主语＋be”，从句就变成了“as
though/if＋形容词/副词/名词/介宾短语/分词/不定式”。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
talks
about
Rome
as
if
he
had
been(be)there
before.
②Tom
raised
his
hand
as
if
(he
was)to
say(say)something.
③她说了又说好像永远停不下来。
She
talks
and
talks
as
if/though
she
would
never
stop．
④这个男孩好像迷路了。
It
seems
as
though
the
boy
has
lost
his
way．
教材
高考
1.Just
like
spoken
language，body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture.
(2020·天津卷)Galileo
was
not
merely
ambitious
when
he
dropped
objects
of
varying
weights
from
the
Leaning
Tower
at
Pisa
and
timed
their
fall
to
the
ground.
2.For
example,
making
eye
contact—looking
into
someone's
eyes—in
some
countries
is
a
way
to
display
interest．
(2019·北京卷)Most
people
believe
the
best
way
to
build
a
great
team
is
to
gather
a
group
of
the
most
talented
individuals.
3.In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect
to
look
down
when
talking
to
an
older
person．
(2019·天津卷)Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
was
given
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
4.In
Japan，someone
who
witnesses
another
person
employing
the
gesture
might
think
it
means
money.
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However，her
children
have
learned
an
important
lesson
witnessing
their
mother
earn
her
degree.
5.Even
the
gestures
we
use
for“yes”and“no”differ
around
the
world.
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)How
do
boys
differ
from
girls
in
puzzle
play？
6.Elsewhere,
people
favour
shaking
hands,
bowing
from
the
waist,
or
nodding
the
head
when
they
meet
someone
else.
(2019·天津卷)Opportunity
favors
those
with
a
curious
mind.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We
will
meet
with
quantities
of
people,
varying
(vary)from
the
old
to
the
young.
2．The
company
gave
its
approval
(approve)to
his
application.
3．The
junior
clerk
was
alarmed
when
he
witnessed
(witness)the
robbery
in
his
office.
4．From
the
appearance,
we
can
not
tell
the
difference(differ)between
the
twins.
5．He
stood
there
in
favour
of
his
father.
6．The
first
paper
to
hand
(hand)in
would
be
from
Group
4.
7．She
sang
very
well.I've
never
heard
a
more
beautiful
(beautiful)voice.
8．Informal
interaction(interact)among
employees
is
seen
as
part
of
the
ongoing
training
process.
9．Their
objective
was
to
demonstrate(demonstrate)peacefully
for
civil
rights.
10．Many
graduates
are
employed(employ)in
the
electronics
and
computing
industries
now.
Ⅱ.短语填空
by
contrast,
approve
of,
break
down,
get
through,
feel
down
1．Her
health
broke
down
under
the
pressure
of
work.
2．By
contrast,
he
was
much
more
frank.
3．“Maybe
I
could，”
said
Carrie,
glad
that
someone
approved
of
the
idea.
4．The
passage
is
too
narrow
for
cars
to
get
through．
5．When
I
told
her
what
happened
she
felt
down．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As
we
all
know,
we
can
learn
a
lot
about
others'
feelings
and
thoughts
by
watching
1.their(they)body
language.In
fact,
body
language
2.varies(vary)from
culture
to
culture,
so
the
crucial
thing
3.is(be)using
body
language
in
a
way
4.that
is
appropriate
to
the
culture
you
are
in.In
different
5.cultures(culture),
the
gesture
for
“OK”
has
6.different(differ)meanings.For
example,
in
Japan,
this
gesture
means
money.Even
the
gestures
we
use
7.for
“yes”
and
“no”
differ
around
the
world.Besides,
there
are
some
gestures
with
8.the
same
meaning
everywhere.For
example,
9.moving(move)hand
in
circles
over
the
stomach
after
a
meal
means
“I
am
full”．Some
body
language
has
many
different
uses
and
perhaps
10.the
best(good)example
is
smiling.
优美作文
Body
language
is
used
by
people
for
sending
messages
to
one
another.It
is
very
useful
because
it
can
help
you
make
yourself
easily
understood.
Different
countries
have
different
body
language.For
example,
men
in
Russia,
France
and
Arab
countries
kiss
each
other
when
they
meet,
but
men
in
China
or
Australia
shake
hands
instead
of
kissing.People
in
Puerto
Rico(波多黎各)like
touching
each
other,
but
people
from
English speaking
countries
do
not
touch
each
other.If
you
touch
an
English
person,
you
should
say
“Sorry”．People
in
Arab
countries
like
standing
close
to
one
another
when
they
are
talking,
but
English
people
must
keep
a
distance
away
when
they
are
talking.In
some
Asian
countries,
you
must
not
touch
the
head
of
another
person.In
Arab
countries,
you
eat
by
using
the
fingers
of
your
right
hand;
the
left
hand
is
not
used
at
all.In
parts
of
Asia
you
must
not
sit
with
your
feet
pointing
at
another
person.
When
you
use
a
foreign
language,
it
is
very
important
to
know
the
meanings
of
gestures
and
movements
in
the
foreign
country.Following
the
customs
will
help
you
communicate
with
people
and
make
your
stay
there
much
more
pleasant
and
comfortable.
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