人教版（2019）选修性必修二： Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元测试卷（含答案）

选修性必修二
Unit
1
Science
and
Scientists
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
1.
(2018·江苏高考)
But
the
information
I
got
was
rich
and
varied,
or
even
__________(contradict).
2.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Linking
arms
__________
one
of
the
instructors,
I
helped
carry
the
young
man
out
of
the
water.
3.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Greenery
is
good
for
us.
Hospital
patients
who
see
tree
branches
out
their
window
are
likely
__________(recover)
at
a
faster
rate
than
patients
who
see
buildings
or
sky
instead.

4.
(2020·江苏高考)
The
health
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
__________(transform).
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
They
tried
several
ways
to
____________________
to
make
more
profits.

他们尝试了几种方法来降低成本以获得更多的利润。(have
sth.
done)
2.
It’s
surprising
how
much
simple
movements
of
the
body
can
affect
the
way
____________________.

令人惊讶的是,
简单的身体运动会影响我们的思考方式多少。
3.
Modern
methods
of
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
____________________
consistently
over
a
large
area.

自20世纪80年代中期以来才采用追踪北极熊族群的现代方法,
而且在一个大区域内持续进行花费是巨大的。
4.
The
new
mechanism
is
not
so
effective
as
they
____________________,
for
months
passed
and
there
has
been
no
big
improvement
in
management
efficiency.

新的机制并不像他们预期的那样有效,
因为数月过去了,
但管理效率并没有明显改进。
Ⅲ.
语法填空
One
Japanese
company
said
a
“smart”
mask
is
ready
to
improve
for
people
1.
________(wear)
face
coverings.

The
use
of
the
face
masks
plays
a
key
role
in
reducing
spread
of
the
coronavirus(冠状病毒).
2.
__________,
masks
and
other
kinds
of
coverings
can
affect
the
quality
of
communication
between
wearers.

It
can
be
more
difficult
to
hear
voices
through
the
coverings.
Many
business
and
public
spaces
also
have
social
distancing
rules
in
place,
which
makes
it
harder
for
people
3.
________(hear)
and
understood.

The
wearable
electronic
device
is
designed
to
solve
the
problem.
The
company
calls
its
4.
________(invent)
the
“c-mask”.
The
device
is
meant
to
fit
over
other
kinds
of
face
masks
commonly
worn
by
the
public.

The
c-mask
5.
________is
made
of
soft
plastic
material
contains
a
built-in
microphone
and
has
holes
in
the
front
to
let
air
in.
When
it
6.
________(turn)
on,
the
mask
uses
Bluetooth
technology
to
connect
to
7.
________mobile
phone.
An
app
then
helps
users
perform
several
actions,
including
turning
speech
into
text,
completing
telephone
calls
and
making
the
user’s
voice
8.
________(loud).
The
device
can
also
translate
a
person’s
voice
into
eight
other
languages.

The
mask
will
9.
________(hopeful)
be
put
into
the
market
next
year.
The
designer
says
he
has
received
strong
interest
in
the
product
from
some
potential
10.
________(customer).

IV.阅读理解
A
　　Many
people
hate
the
idea
of
having
to
sleep
on
a
plane.
But
Swedish
entrepreneur
Oscar
Dios
thinks
they
can
be
persuaded
otherwise
and
he
has
created
a
new
kind
of
hostel
to
prove
it.
Dios
says
it
is
the
world’s
first
jumbo
jet
hostel,
an
actual
jet-plane
at
Sweden’s
main
airport
outside
Stockholm
which
has
been
converted
(改装)
into
a
25-room
guesthouse
that
sleeps
as
many
as
72
people.
“I
learned
about
this
plane
that
was
standing
abandoned
at
Arlanda
airport
and
I’ve
been
trying
the
concept
of
hostels
in
many
different
houses
and
buildings,
”he
told
reporters.
“I
thought,
‘Why
not
a
plane
’”
Jumbo
Hostels
opened
for
business
on
Thursday,
giving
customers
the
chance
to
check
in
and
sleep
in
a
room
that
can
best
be
described
as
cozy.
“The
most
challenging
part
with
this
project
is
trying
to
build
something
inside
a
metal
hull
(外壳)—it’s
just
really,
really
tight.
”
The
jet,
which
was
originally
produced
for
Singapore
Airlines,
was
taken
out
of
service
in
2002.
One
thing
the
hostel
has
going
for
it
is
price—a
room
starts
at
350
Swedish
crowns
(about﹩41),
which
is
a
lot
less
than
hotel
rooms
outside
of
major
airports.
Another
feature:
customers
can
get
married
on
the
wing
of
the
plane
and
live
in
the
plane’s
more
luxurious
honeymoon
room
situated
in
the
cockpit
(驾驶舱).
Instead
of
walking
down
the
aisle
(走廊),
lovebirds
can
take
what
Jumbo
Hostels
calls
the“wing
walk”,
where
they
can
be
joined
in
great
joy
at
the
wing
tip.
The
hostel
has
someone
ready
to
perform
the
ceremony.
But
in
some
respects,
this
hostel
remains
a
plane—most
customers
have
to
share
the
jet’s
nine
bathrooms
and
staff
only
wear
air
steward
and
stewardess
clothes.
The
only
room
that
has
its
own
bathroom
is
the
honeymoon
suite.
1.
Swedish
entrepreneur
Oscar
Dios
creates
a
new
kind
of
jet
hostel
in
order
to______.

A.
make
people
more
comfortable
B.
earn
more
money
from
people
C.
change
people’s
idea
of
not
sleeping
on
the
plane
D.
explore
the
sources
of
the
universe
2.
According
to
the
passage
the
jet
hostel
is______.

A.
flying
in
the
sky
B.
hung
in
the
sky
C.
lying
on
the
airport
D.
buried
underground
3.
This
abandoned
plane
originally
belongs
to______.

A.
Stockholm
Airlines
B.
Singapore
Airlines
C.
Sweden
Airlines
D.
Oscar
Dios
Airlines
4.
Which
statement
of
the
following
do
you
think
can
best
describe
this
passage
A.
A
new
fashion
of
wedding
in
the
plane.
B.
For
travelers,
a
new
way
to
get
a
restful
night.
C.
A
new
way
to
enjoy
yourselves.
D.
How
to
change
a
plane
into
a
hostel.
B
We
humans
love
to
stare
into
our
smart
devices.
We
gaze
for
hours—about
10
hours
and
39
minutes
a
day—at
our
computers,
smartphones,
tablets
and
televisions.
Is
all
this
staring
bad
for
us
It
might
be,
mainly
because
as
we
stare
at
our
devices
we
are
exposing
ourselves
to
blue
light.
　　Blue
light
is
a
type
of
electromagnetic
radiation
with
a
very
short
wavelength
that
produces
a
high
amount
of
energy.
While
it’s
true
that
light
can
damage
our
eyes
under
certain
circumstances,
there’s
no
scientific
evidence
suggesting
that
blue
light
is
harmful
to
our
eyes.
But
many
people
still
think
it
is,
which
is
why
blue-light-blocking
glasses
are
so
popular.
So,
do
the
glasses
work
　　“Everyone
is
very
concerned
that
blue
light
may
be
causing
damage
to
the
eye,
but
there’s
no
evidence
that
it
may
be
causing
serious
damage,
”
Dr.
Rahul
Khurana,
a
clinical
spokesman,
told
Business
Insider.
　　Blue
light
exposure
is
nothing
new.
In
fact,
the
sun
is
the
largest
source
of
blue
light.
Moreover,
blue
light
is
also
present
in
LED
light.
But
if
blue
light
isn’t
harmful,
then
why
are
we
constantly
rubbing
our
eyes
when
we’re
looking
at
our
screens
The
answer
is
eyestrain
(眼疲劳).
More
than
60
percent
of
people
experience
eye
problems
associated
with
digital
eyestrain.
And
blue
light,
it
seems
isn’t
the
cause.
Instead,
our
eyes
are
so
strained
because
most
of
us
blink
less
when
we
stare
at
our
digital
devices.
So,
if
eyestrain
is
the
real
issue,
blue-light-blocking
glasses
are
probably
of
little
use.
5.
What
do
we
know
about
blue
light
A.
It
has
the
shortest
wavelength.
B.
It’s
a
kind
of
nuclear
radiation.
C.
It
consumes
a
great
deal
of
energy.
D.
It
may
come
from
electronic
devices.
6.
What
causes
the
popularity
of
blue-light-blocking
glasses
A.
Evidence
of
their
benefits
to
eyes.
B.
Widespread
use
of
smart
devices.
C.
Belief
in
blue
light’s
harmful
effect.
D.
Scientific
understanding
of
blue
light.
7.
What
can
be
inferred
from
Paragraph
4
A.
Rubbing
eyes
makes
people
strained.
B.
Blue
light
exposure
is
hardly
avoidable.
C.
Blue
light
may
connect
with
tired
eyes.
D.
Eye
problems
are
not
easy
to
deal
with.
8.
According
to
the
text,
wearing
blue-light-blocking
glasses
may
be______.

A.
useless　　　　　　　　B.
harmful
C.
tiring
D.
beneficial
V.
七选五
　　Putting
children
in
daycare
helps
working
parents
take
their
minds
off
childcare.
　1　
　　How
daycare
negatively
affects
children
is
related
to
many
factors.
One
study
has
suggested
that
some
children
who
spend
long
hours
in
daycare
centers
experience
more
stress
than
those
who
spend
more
time
in
a
setting
with
a
mother.
　　Another
study
has
shown
that
children
who
are
shy
have
a
higher
level
of
the
hormone
cortisol
(皮质醇)
which
is
released
when
an
individual
shows
signs
of
stress.
　2　And
as
a
result
the
child
may
not
mix
well
with
the
other
children
and
the
teachers
at
the
daycare
center,
a
situation
that
can
cause
stress.

　　Another
negative
impact
of
daycare
is
that
there
is
less
communication
between
a
mother
and
her
child.
　3　
So
it
is
essential
for
a
child
to
develop
a
deep
bond
with
his
or
her
mother,
since
this
will
lay
the
foundation
for
all
the
relationships
he
or
she
will
form
later
on
in
life.
Children
who
spend
a
lot
of
time
with
their
mothers
experience
healthy
social
and
emotional
development,
while
long
hours
in
daycare
can
disrupt
this
bonding.
Children
who
lose
out
on
precious
mother-child
bonding
are
observed
to
have
behavioral
problems
as
they
grow
older.

　　Children
in
daycare
centers
also
feel
unprotected
compared
to
children
at
home.
In
a
daycare
center,
when
one
caregiver
attends
to
more
than
one
child
at
the
same
time,
she
may
not
be
able
to
look
deeply
into
why
a
child
is
mixing
well
or
not.
　4　
Another
negative
aspect
of
daycare
is
that
children
there
are
more
likely
to
fall
ill
if
they
come
in
contact
with
sick
children.

　5　Well-maintained
daycare
centers
contribute
a
great
deal
to
the
overall
development
of
a
child
by
providing
a
structured
environment.
Children
become
more
social
by
interacting
with
other
children
of
the
same
age,
and
learn
new
activities
that
are
not
always
available
if
they
are
brought
up
only
at
home.

A.
But
daycare
has
its
disadvantages.
B.
Look
for
a
daycare
center
that
is
well-maintained.
C.
However,
the
advantages
of
daycare
cannot
be
ignored.
D.
This
is
because
a
shy
child
will
not
open
up
freely
in
public.
E.
Babies
become
extremely
attached
to
their
primary
caregivers.
F.
In
such
cases,
a
child
may
become
either
completely
quiet
or
aggressive.
G.
You
can
cut
the
time
in
daycare
centers
by
making
alternative
childcare
arrangements.
VI.
应用文写作
假定你是李华,
你校即将举行“给农村小学捐书”
(Donating
Books
to
Rural
Primary
Schools)活动,
现向全校招募志愿者,
你的笔友Peter来信向你咨询有关情况,
请你写一封回信,
要点如下:
1.
简单介绍该项活动;
2.
志愿者所需条件。
注意:
1.
词数80左右;
2.
可适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Ⅰ.
1.
But
the
information
I
got
was
rich
and
varied,
or
even
contradictory(contradict).
2.
Linking
arms
with
one
of
the
instructors,
I
helped
carry
the
young
man
out
of
the
water.
3.
Greenery
is
good
for
us.
Hospital
patients
who
see
tree
branches
out
their
window
are
likely
to
recover(recover)
at
a
faster
rate
than
patients
who
see
buildings
or
sky
instead.

4.The
health
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
transformation(transform).
Ⅱ.
1.
They
tried
several
ways
to
have
the
cost
reduced
to
make
more
profits.

2.
It’s
surprising
how
much
simple
movements
of
the
body
can
affect
the
way
that/in
which
we
think.

3.
Modern
methods
of
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
to
perform
consistently
over
a
large
area.

4.
The
new
mechanism
is
not
so
effective
as
they
had
expected,
for
months
passed
and
there
has
been
no
big
improvement
in
management
efficiency.

Ⅲ.
One
Japanese
company
said
a
“smart”
mask
is
ready
to
improve
for
people
1.
________(wear)
face
coverings.

The
use
of
the
face
masks
plays
a
key
role
in
reducing
spread
of
the
coronavirus(冠状病毒).
2.
__________,
masks
and
other
kinds
of
coverings
can
affect
the
quality
of
communication
between
wearers.

It
can
be
more
difficult
to
hear
voices
through
the
coverings.
Many
business
and
public
spaces
also
have
social
distancing
rules
in
place,
which
makes
it
harder
for
people
3.
________(hear)
and
understood.

The
wearable
electronic
device
is
designed
to
solve
the
problem.
The
company
calls
its
4.
________(invent)
the
“c-mask”.
The
device
is
meant
to
fit
over
other
kinds
of
face
masks
commonly
worn
by
the
public.

The
c-mask
5.
________is
made
of
soft
plastic
material
contains
a
built-in
microphone
and
has
holes
in
the
front
to
let
air
in.
When
it
6.
________(turn)
on,
the
mask
uses
Bluetooth
technology
to
connect
to
7.
________mobile
phone.
An
app
then
helps
users
perform
several
actions,
including
turning
speech
into
text,
completing
telephone
calls
and
making
the
user’s
voice
8.
________(loud).
The
device
can
also
translate
a
person’s
voice
into
eight
other
languages.

The
mask
will
9.
________(hopeful)
be
put
into
the
market
next
year.
The
designer
says
he
has
received
strong
interest
in
the
product
from
some
potential
10.
________(customer).

IV.
A
　　
【文章大意】本文属于说明文,
作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一种新的飞机宿舍,
能够带给人比较舒适的休息环境,
使旅行者得到一种拥有宁静夜晚的新方法。
1.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段Many
people
hate
the
idea
of
having
to
sleep
on
a
plane.
But
Swedish
entrepreneur
Oscar
Dios
thinks
they
can
be
persuaded
otherwise
and
he
has
created
a
new
kind
of
hostel
to
prove
it.
“很多人不喜欢必须在飞机上睡觉的想法。但瑞典企业家Oscar
Dios认为他们会被说服,
因此,
他创造了一种新的宿舍去证明它。”可知,
C选项是正确的。
2.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段I
learned
about
this
plane
that
was
standing
abandoned
at
Arlanda
airport
and
I’ve
been
trying
the
concept
of
hostels
in
many
different
houses
and
buildings“我知道这架飞机在阿兰达机场废弃,
并且我一直在尝试在许多不同的房屋和建筑物中建立宿舍的概念。”可知喷气式飞机宿舍是在机场的,
所以C选项是正确的。
3.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第六段The
jet,
which
was
originally
produced
for
Singapore
Airlines“这架喷气式飞机最初是为新加坡航空公司生产的”可知这架废弃的飞机是新加坡航空公司的,
所以B选项是正确的。
4.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,
文章主要讲了一种新的飞机宿舍,
能够带给人比较舒适的休息环境,
使旅行者得到一种拥有宁静夜晚的新方法,
所以B选项是正确的。
B
5.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据题干中的
blue
light
可定位至文章第一段最后一句
It
might
be,
mainly
because
as
we
stare
at
our
devices
we
are
exposing
ourselves
to
blue
light.
和第二段第一句
Blue
light
is
a
type
of
electromagnetic
radiation
with
a
very
short
wavelength
that
produces
a
high
amount
of
energy.
可知,
蓝光是一种电磁辐射,
波长很短,
产生大量的能量,
而且当我们盯着我们的设备时,
我们会将自己暴露在蓝光下。由此推知,
蓝光可能出自电子设备。故D项正确。
6.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二、三句可知,
虽然在某些情况下光线确实会损害我们的眼睛,
但没有科学证据表明蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。但很多人仍然认为是这样,
这就是为什么遮蓝光眼镜如此受欢迎。由此可知是相信蓝光对眼睛有害致使遮蓝光眼镜的流行。故正确答案为C。
7.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二、三句
In
fact,
the
sun
is
the
largest
source
of
blue
light.
Moreover,
blue
light
is
also
present
in
LED
light.
可知,
事实上,
太阳是最大的蓝光源。此外,
蓝光也存在于LED光中。因此蓝光照射在生活中是很难避免的。故B项正确。A项“揉眼睛使人紧张”,
C项“蓝光可能与眼疲劳有关”,
D项“眼睛的问题不容易处理”,
均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
8.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句
So,
if
eyestrain
is
the
real
issue,
blue-light-blocking
glasses
are
probably
of
little
use.
可知,
所以,
如果眼疲劳是真正的问题,
那么遮蓝光眼镜可能用处不大。因此戴遮蓝光眼镜可能是无用的。故A项正确。B项“有害的”,
C项“累人的”,
D项“有益的”,
均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
V.【文章大意】文章介绍了日托对儿童成长的影响。
1.
【解析】选A。根据上文可知,
把孩子送到日托中心可以帮助有工作的父母把他们的注意力从照顾孩子上转移开。根据文章第二段第一句
How
daycare
negatively
affects
children
is
related
to
many
factors.
可知,
日托对儿童的负面影响与许多因素有关。上文提到了日托的好处,
下文具体论述了日托的缺点,
故此空应该引出日托的缺点。A项意为“但是日托也有它的缺点”,
承上启下,
符合语境。故正确答案为A。
2.
【解析】选D。根据上文可知,
另一项研究表明,
当一个人表现出压力迹象时,
体内会释放出荷尔蒙皮质醇,
害羞的儿童的荷尔蒙皮质醇水平更高。故此空应该与解释为什么害羞的儿童体内会释放出更高水平的荷尔蒙皮质醇有关。D项意为“这是因为一个害羞的孩子不会在公共场合敞开心扉”,
承接上文,
符合语境。故正确答案为D。
3.
【解析】选E。根据下文可知,
因此,
对一个孩子来说,
与他或她的母亲建立深厚的关系是至关重要的,
因为这将为他或她今后在生活中形成的所有关系奠定基础。故此空应该与为什么婴儿和母亲建立深厚的关系是至关重要的有关。E项意为“婴儿变得非常依恋他们的主要照顾者”,
引出下文,
符合语境。故正确答案为E。
4.
【解析】选F。根据上文可知,
在日托中心,
当一个看护人同时照顾多个孩子时,
她可能无法深入了解为什么一个孩子过得好或不好。故此空应该与看护人无法深入了解为什么一个孩子过得好或不好的后果有关。F项意为“在这种情况下,
孩子可能变得完全安静或好斗”,
承接上文,
符合语境。故正确答案为F。
5.
【解析】选C。根据上文可知,
日托的另一个消极的方面是,
如果孩子们与生病的孩子接触,
他们更有可能生病。根据下文可知,
维护良好的日托中心通过提供精心设置的环境为孩子的全面发展做出了巨大贡献。上文阐述了日托的缺点,
下文论述了日托的优点,
上下文存在转折,
故此空应该引出日托的优点。C项意为“然而,
日托的好处是不能忽视的”,
承上启下,
符合语境。故正确答案为C。
VI.
【参考范文】
Dear
Peter,
Delighted
to
receive
your
letter
inquiring
something
about
Donating
Books
to
Rural
Primary
Schools,
I
am
writing
to
inform
you
of
some
detailed
information.
The
activity
is
aimed
to
help
rural
primary
schools
by
sending
various
kinds
of
books
to
those
students,
which
can
not
only
broaden
their
horizons,
but
also
cultivate
their
capabilities
of
thinking
and
learning
independently
and
critically.
Additionally,
the
volunteers
should
be
diligent
and
optimistic,
assuring
them
to
face
some
setbacks
during
the
process
of
this
activity.
If
you
have
any
questions
about
this
project,
please
contact
me
without
any
hesitation.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua