人教版（2019）选择性必修四： Unit 3 Sea Explorations 单元测试卷（含答案）

选修性必修四
Unit
3
Sea
Explorations
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe
(探测器)—the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess—__________
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
2.
The
median(中位数的)age
of
an
American
in
1950
was
30—today
it
is
41
and
is
expected
__________
(increase)
to
42
by
2050.

3.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
__________
(extreme)
challenging.
4.
However,
greater
attention
should
__________
(place)
on
longevity.

5.
We
are
__________
(commit)
to
improving
services
now.
6.
After
a
heated
discussion,
they
failed
to
arrive
at
a
__________(conclude).
7.
She
had
made
__________
(remark)
progress
in
her
writing
skills.
8.
It’s
vital
that
we
__________
(carry)
out
the
operation
immediately.

9.
With
no
solid
evidence,
he
refused
to
acknowledge
__________
(steal)
the
lady’s
purse.
Ⅱ.
语法填空
1.
Here
is
the
house,
__________
roof
is
covered
with
weeds.
I
hope
you
can
help
to
remove
them.
2.
What
you
said
isn’t
relevant
__________
what
we
are
worried
about.
At
the
moment,
we
are
dying
to
know
how
to
deal
with
the
situation.
3.
On
the
next
street
lies
a
clinic,
where
there
is
a
doctor
who
often
helps
those
__________
need.
4.
It
is
up
__________
you
to
decide
whether
we
should
accept
his
suggestion
__________
the
building
be
rebuilt
immediately.
5.
I
am
looking
forward
__________
hearing
from
you.
In
your
next
letter,
please
introduce
__________
me
how
to
use
the
textbook
properly.
6.
If
you
want
to
know
more
information,
click
here.
We
are
a
multimedia
platform
__________
you
can
learn
to
operate
computers.
7.
Scientists
hope
to
send
astronauts
to
the
remote
universe
one
day
to
have
__________
better
knowledge
of
the
universe.
8.
We
were
talking
about
the
loan
__________
Tom
entered
the
room.
He
said
he
came
__________
an
old
friend
just
now
on
the
street.
III.
语法填空
How
Netflix
Became
So
Popular
We’ve
all
heard
the
phrase
“Netflix
and
chill”,
which
means
“watch
Netflix
and
hang
out”.
Why
not
“Amazon
Prime
and
chill
”
There
are
many
other
websites
and
apps
1.
　　　　
(allow)
people
to
watch
TV
shows
and
movies.
Similarly
to
Netflix,
many
streaming
services
offer
original
programs
and
movies.
So
what
made
Netflix
have
the
impact
it
has
2.
　　　　
society

In
the
past
few
years,
Netflix
3.
　　　　
(grow)
exponentially
in
popularity,
leaving
other
streaming
services
and
regular
television
in
the
dust.
Netflix
was
created
in
1997,
4.
　　　　
(original)
as
a
way
to
send
rental
DVDs
to
people.
In
2007,
Netflix
began
offering
streaming
television
shows
and
movies
online.
But
it
wasn’t
until
2013
that
Netflix
began
offering
original
programming,
enabling
viewers
to
watch
5.
　　　　whole
season
of
TV
all
at
once.

Viewers
are
satisfied
with
Netflix’s
many
different
options
for
TV
shows.
One
of
the
6.
　　　　(big)
appeals
of
Netflix
was
7.
　　　　
it
would
release
all
seasons
of
any
old
TV
shows,
something
that
Amazon
Prime
wouldn’t
do.
In
addition,
Netflix
releases
monthly
statements
about
which
series
and
movies
8.
　　　　
(remove)
from
the
service.
But
other
sites
can
remove
full
series
without
any
notice.

While
other
services
might
have
their
9.
　　　　
(succeed),
Netflix
seems
likely
to
continue
its
reign
over
the
TV
world
and
10.
　　　　
(become)
more
popular
than
regular
TV
in
the
next
few
years.
Netflix
has
discovered
what
people
like
to
watch
and
how
they
like
to
watch
it,
and
if
they
keep
on
this
path,
television
might
be
a
thing
of
the
past.

IV.
阅读理解
A
　　Scientists
spent
the
past
10
years
studying
life
in
the
oceans.
This
month,
they
released
the
results
of
their
work.
People
often
say
that
there
are
plenty
of
fish
in
the
sea.
But
until
recently,
not
even
scientists
knew
how
many
creatures
lived
in
the
world’s
oceans.
Ten
years
ago,
a
group
of
scientists
decided
to
find
it
out.
“We
announced
that
we
would
try
to
conduct
the
first-ever
worldwide
census
of
marine
life,
”
the
project’s
co-founder,
Jesse
Ausubel,
told
TFK.
“It
was
daring,
and
people
responded.
”Over
the
next
10
years,
more
than
2,
700
scientists
from
80
countries
worked
together
to
track,
count
and
study
sea
species.
In
a
report
this
month,
they
shared
what
they
learned.
Decades
of
Discovery
Scientists
began
by
exploring
the
seas.
Along
the
way,
they
discovered
many
new
species.
“We
found
life
everywhere
we
looked,
”says
census
scientists
Patricia
Miloslavich.
“We
have
given
1,
200
new
names
to
science.
”
One
name
belongs
to
a
type
of
furry
white
crab
that
spends
its
life
at
the
bottom
of
the
Pacific
Ocean.
The
unusual
creature
lives
in
a
world
of
total
darkness.
Another
new
species,
a
nine-pound
lobster,
was
found
in
the
Indian
Ocean,
near
Africa.
“It
is
surprising
that
an
animal
of
that
size
would
remain
to
be
discovered.
”
says
Ausubel.
Scientists
also
did
research
on
land.
They
read
through
old
records,
including
scientific
papers,
books,
seafood—restaurant
menus
and
fishermen’s
journals.
Their
goal:
to
find
out
which
sea
creatures
lived
where
in
the
past.
Snapshot
of
the
sea
After
ten
years
of
investigation,
scientists
found
that
the
oceans
are
teeming
with
life.
They
counted
250,
000
marine
species.
They
have
an
estimate
of
how
many
more
species
are
waiting
to
be
found:
a
whopping
750,
000.
“Most
of
these
will
be
small,
”
says
Ausubel,
“There
won’t
be
any
more
giant
lobsters.
”
The
researchers
learned
which
underwater
areas
have
the
most
species.
The
seas
around
Australia
and
Japan
have
as
many
as
33,
000
forms
of
life.
(The
average
marine
area
has
about
10,
000
species.
)
These
“hot
spots”
for
biodiversity
need
special
attention
and
protection,
says
Miloslavich.
The
accurate
picture
of
ocean
life
will
help
scientists
notice
changes.
“Things
will
be
different
in
10,
20,
30
years,
”
says
Ausubel.
“Knowing
what’s
there
now
will
be
helpful.
”
The
census
gives
us
a
better
understanding
of
the
challenges
facing
our
oceans.
Many
of
the
problems,
including
overfishing,
habitat
destruction
and
pollution,
stem
from(起源于)
human
behaviour.
Environmentalists
are
working
to
set
up
protected
areas
in
the
sea,
much
like
the
parks
that
conserve
12%
of
our
land.
“We
need
to
show
concern
for
the
ocean,
”says
Miloslavich.
1.
Why
did
the
scientists
read
through
old
records,
including
scientific
papers,
books,
seafood—restaurant
menus
and
fishermen’s
journals
A.
To
get
more
knowledge
about
the
sea
creature’s
out-looking.
B.
To
know
the
location
of
the
sea
creature
in
the
past.
C.
To
find
out
which
place
has
the
most
sea
species.
D.
To
find
out
which
sea
creature
was
almost
popular.
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“whopping”
mean
A.
Blurry
(模糊的).
　　　　　B.
Uncertain.
C.
Total.
D.
Enormous.
3.
Which
of
the
following
sayings
is
Right
A.
There
are
plenty
of
new
species
waiting
for
us
to
find.
B.
The
seas
around
Australia
and
Japan
have
the
least
species.
C.
Scientists
wanted
to
get
new
food
resources
by
doing
this
research.
D.
These
scientists
only
did
research
under
the
sea.
B
　　It
may
not
be
quite
old
enough
to
be
the
world’s
oldest
living
organism—that
“honor”
goes
to
the
bristlecone
pine
tree
(aged
5,
000
years)—but,
at
4,
000
years
of
age,
Leiopathes
glaberrima,
a
deep-water
coral
species,
does
set
the
record
for
being
the
oldest
animal
living
under
the
sea.
Located
on
the
floor
of
the
Pacific
Ocean,
off
Hawaii,
the
3
meters
tall,
(extremely)
long-lived
“black
coral”
could
have
some
valuable
clues
about
past
incidents
of
climate
change;
specifically,
it
could
better
scientists’
understanding
of
how
oceans
draw
down
carbon
dioxide—and
of
ocean
acidification
in
general.
Brendan
Roark
of
Texas
University,
who
led
a
research
expedition
in
2006
to
study
the
corals’
climate
records,
presented
his
findings
at
the
recent
AAAS
meeting.
How
long
they
can
live
is
anybody’s
guess,
Roark
told
Science’s
Erik
Stokstad
and
his
colleagues
used
radiocarbon
dating
to
determine
the
coral’s
age.
What
this
suggests,
he
said,
is
that
the
harvesting
of
deep-water
coral
for
jewelry
should
be
completely
banned;
because
the
corals
grow
at
such
an
anemic(贫血的)
rate,
any
level
of
harvesting
would
likely
wipe
out
the
remaining
specimens—those
not
yet
affected
by
ocean
acidification.
Roark
believes
it
could
be
possible
to
reconstruct
records
of
subsurface
temperature
variability
and
ocean
circulation
changes,
which
would
provide
some
insight
on
climate
change
incidents
and
help
predict
future
effects.
By
comparison,
that
ocean
quahog
clam
we
mentioned
a
while
back—aged
405
years—seems
almost
sprightly.
4.
What
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage
A.
The
world’s
oldest
living
organism.
B.
Oldest
animal
under
the
sea.
C.
How
to
protect
the
corals.
D.
A
great
discovery.
5.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“clues”
in
the
second
paragraph
mean
A.
Evidence.
B.
Treasure.
C.
Worth.
D.
Usage.
6.
What
is
the
value
of
the
finding
of
the
Leiopathes
glaberrima
A.
It
shows
which
is
the
oldest
in
the
ocean.
B.
It
helps
the
scientists
get
more
information
about
the
ocean.
C.
It
shows
why
the
weather
changes
so
much.
D.
It
helps
the
scientists
know
how
to
live
longer.
7.
Why
should
the
harvesting
of
deep-water
coral
for
jewelry
be
completely
banned
A.
Because
the
jewelry
has
little
value.
B.
Because
the
jewelry
is
hard
to
harvest.
C.
Because
harvesting
for
the
jewelry
does
great
harm
to
deep-water
coral.
D.
Because
it
is
very
dangerous.
V.七选五
Scientists
Create
Speech
from
Brain
Signals
Scientists
have
found
a
way
to
use
brain
signals
to
make
a
computer
speak
the
words
a
person
is
trying
to
say.
Some
illnesses
or
injuries
can
cause
people
to
lose
the
ability
to
speak.
　1　,
but
they
are
slow.
One
method
allows
a
person
to
“type”
by
moving
their
eyes
from
letter
to
letter
to
spell
out
words.
The
top
speed
with
this
method
is
about
10
words
per
minute.
Normal
human
speech
is
about
150
words
per
minute.

Much
recent
research
has
focused
on
a
direct
connection
between
someone’s
brain
and
a
computer.
　2　.
For
many
BCIs,
people
have
wires
attached
to
their
brains.
This
allows
scientists
to
track
the
electrical
signals
in
the
brain
and
connect
them
to
computers.

Scientists
at
the
University
of
California,
San
Francisco
(UCSF)
decided
to
focus
on
the
muscles
people
were
trying
to
use
when
they
spoke.
　3　.
Epilepsy
(癫痫)
is
a
condition
where
unusual
electrical
activity
in
the
brain
can
cause
problems
with
a
person’s
control
of
their
body
or
senses.

There
are
about
100
muscles
used
for
speaking.
The
scientists
knew
roughly
what
the
shape
of
the
mouth
would
have
to
be
to
make
each
sound.
This
allowed
them
to
figure
out
how
the
brain
signals
controlled
the
speaking
muscles.
With
that
information
they
could
“decode”
the
brain
signals
to
find
out
how
the
person
was
moving
their
mouth.
　4　.
The
scientists
were
surprised
at
how
close
to
real
speech
the
computer
speech
was.

　5　,
the
muscles
used
to
make
each
sound
are
the
same
for
everyone.
That
will
make
it
easier
for
a
system
like
this
to
help
many
people.

A.
These
people
could
speak
normally
B.
This
is
called
a
“Brain
Computer
Interface”
(BCI)
C.
There
are
some
ways
for
these
people
to
communicate
D.
The
UCSF’s
scientists
worked
with
a
group
of
five
people
with
epilepsy
E.
There’s
much
to
learn
before
a
system
like
this
could
be
used
in
everyday
life
F.
One
important
discovery
is
that
though
each
person’s
brain
signals
are
different
G.
Then
the
scientists
were
able
to
create
computer
speech
sounds
based
on
the
position
of
the
speaking
muscles
VI.
应用文写作
　　红旗社区针对本社区居民垃圾分类情况,
计划于下周举行一次关于垃圾分类的讲座,
请你代表社区写一封公开信,
内容包括:
1.
垃圾分类的好处;
2.
讲座具体时间和地点;
3.
邀请居民参加。
注意:
1.
词数80个左右;
2.
开头和结尾已经给出,
不计入总词数;
3.
可以适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
　　参考词汇:
垃圾分类garbage
classification
Dear
sir
or
madam,
　　I’m
writing
this
letter
to
call
on
attention
to
the
community
lecture
concerning
garbage
classification.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Hongqi
Community
参考答案
Ⅰ.
1.
The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe
(探测器)—the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess—touched
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
2.
The
median(中位数的)age
of
an
American
in
1950
was
30—today
it
is
41
and
is
expected
to
increase
(increase)
to
42
by
2050.

3.
Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
extremely
(extreme)
challenging.
4.
However,
greater
attention
should
be
placed
(place)
on
longevity.

5.
We
are
committed
(commit)
to
improving
services
now.
6.
After
a
heated
discussion,
they
failed
to
arrive
at
a
conclusion(conclude).
7.
She
had
made
remarkable
(remark)
progress
in
her
writing
skills.
8.
It’s
vital
that
we
(should)
carry
(carry)
out
the
operation
immediately.

9.
With
no
solid
evidence,
he
refused
to
acknowledge
stealing
(steal)
the
lady’s
purse.
Ⅱ.
1.
Here
is
the
house,
whose
roof
is
covered
with
weeds.
I
hope
you
can
help
to
remove
them.
2.
What
you
said
isn’t
relevant
to
what
we
are
worried
about.
At
the
moment,
we
are
dying
to
know
how
to
deal
with
the
situation.
3.
On
the
next
street
lies
a
clinic,
where
there
is
a
doctor
who
often
helps
those
in
need.
4.
It
is
up
to
you
to
decide
whether
we
should
accept
his
suggestion
that
the
building
be
rebuilt
immediately.
5.
I
am
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you.
In
your
next
letter,
please
introduce
to
me
how
to
use
the
textbook
properly.
6.
If
you
want
to
know
more
information,
click
here.
We
are
a
multimedia
platform
where
you
can
learn
to
operate
computers.
7.
Scientists
hope
to
send
astronauts
to
the
remote
universe
one
day
to
have
a
better
knowledge
of
the
universe.
8.
We
were
talking
about
the
loan
when
Tom
entered
the
room.
He
said
he
came
across
an
old
friend
just
now
on
the
street.
III.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Netflix变得如此受欢迎的原因是它可以发布任何电视剧的所有季,
让观看者一次性看完;
它们了解观众喜欢看什么和用什么方式看。
1.
【解析】
allowing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,
此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,
逻辑主语websites
and
apps和allow之间是主动关系,
应用现在分词,
故填allowing。
2.
【解析】
on。考查固定短语。句意:
那么是什么使Netflix对社会产生了影响呢
分析句子可知,
it
has
　　　society是定语从句,
修饰the
impact,
have
the
impact
on“对……有影响”,
是固定短语,
故填on。
3.
【解析】
has
grown。考查时态。分析句子可知,
此处是句子谓语动词,
由In
the
past
few
years判断为现在完成时,
主语Netflix是第三人称单数,
故填has
grown。
4.
【解析】
originally。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰后面的介词短语,
故填originally。
5.
【解析】
a。考查冠词。season是可数名词,
结合上下文可知,
此处意为“一整季的电视节目”,
是泛指,
应用不定冠词,
whole是辅音音素开头,
故填a。
6.
【解析】biggest。考查形容词的最高级。由空格前的定冠词the可知此处应当用形容词的最高级形式。
7.
【解析】
that。考查表语从句。分析句子可知,
此处是表语从句连接词,
从句it
would
release
all
seasons
of
any
old
TV
shows的成分和意义都完整,
应用连接词that,
故填that。
8.
【解析】
are
removed。考查时态和语态。分析句子可知,
此处是定语从句的谓语动词,
主语series
and
movies和remove之间是被动关系,
且是复数,
由上文的releases判断此处为一般现在时,
故填are
removed。
9.
【解析】
success。考查名词。分析句子可知,
此处应用名词作为have的宾语,
“成功”不可数,
故填success。
10.
【解析】
to
become。考查固定短语。此处考查固定短语be
likely
to
do
sth.
“很有可能做某事”,
故填to
become。
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,
主要讲了科学家从十年前就开始研究海洋生物种类,
并介绍了研究的内容和基本过程。
1.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由“Decades
of
Discovery”中的最后一句可知,
科学家这样做的目的在于发现过去海洋生物的分布情况。其余说法在文中均无信息支持。
2.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。750
000
是一个庞大的数字,
其他选项与语境不符,
故选D。
3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由“They
have
an
estimate
of
how
many
more
species
are
waiting
to
be
found:
a
whopping
750,
000”,
可知据估计,
还有约750
000种新的海洋生物等待发现,
由此可推知,
尚未发现的海洋生物数量庞大。B项应改为“最多的”;
C
项说法无依据;
D
项说法错误,
科学家还在陆地上进行研究。
B
【文章大意】本文是说明文,
介绍了海洋寿星——Leiopathes
glaberrima.
这一深海珊瑚礁在水下已经待了4
000多年,
研究它对我们研究海洋意义很大。科学家也提出了保护海洋珊瑚的建议。
4.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。全文介绍了海洋的寿星,
因此B项最合适。
5.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段可知,
Leiopathes
glaberrima
的发现对研究海洋提供有力的线索与证据。
6.【解析】选B。推理判断题。第二段讲述了发现Leiopathes
glaberrima
的意义,
因此可以得出答案为B。
7.【解析】选C。推理判断题。从第三段中的“because
the
corals
grow
at
such
an
anemic
rate,
any
level
of
harvesting
would
likely
wipe
out
the
remaining
specimens”可知,
珊瑚的生长非常缓慢,
稍微破坏就会导致物种灭绝。
V.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的科研成果。科学家已经找到了一种方法,
利用大脑信号让电脑说出一个人试图说的话。
1.
【解析】选C。利用同词复现策略确定答案。根据这句话后面的内容:
一种方法允许一个人通过移动他们的眼睛拼出单词。此方法的最高速度约为每分钟
10
个单词。正常人类讲话是每分钟大约150个单词,
所以这里选择C:
有一些对于那些因为疾病而失去说话能力的人的沟通方式。C选项中的these
people
指代空前失去说话能力的人,
C选项中的ways和空后method是同义词复现。
2.
【解析】选B。利用同词复现策略确定答案。选项B中的词汇BCI,
在空后出现,
起到上下文衔接的作用;
选项B的主语This指代上文。许多研究都集中在人的大脑和电脑之间的一个直接联系上,
这称为“大脑电脑接口”。对于许多大脑电脑接口来说,
人们有一些大脑电线,
这使得科学家能够跟踪大脑中的电信号,
并将它们连接到电脑上。
3.
【解析】选D。利用同词复现策略确定答案。D选项中的epilepsy在空后出现。加州大学旧金山分校的科学家们对五名癫痫病患者进行研究,
癫痫病是大脑中异常的电活动导致大脑对人的身体或感官控制出现问题。
4.
【解析】选G。根据上下文的逻辑关系确定答案。大约有100块肌肉用于说话。科学家们大致知道发出每个声音时嘴的形状是什么。这使他们能够找出大脑信号如何控制说话的肌肉。有了那个信息,
他们可以“解码”大脑信号,
以找出人是如何移动他们的嘴。然后,
科学家们能够根据说话肌肉的位置来创造计算机语音。科学家们对计算机产生的语音与真实语音的接近程度感到惊讶。
5.
【解析】选F。根据标点符号以及反义词复现策略确定答案。F选项中的different与后半句话中的the
same构成一对反义词。一个重要的发现是,
虽然每个人的大脑信号是不同的,
但是每个人用来发出声音的肌肉是相同的。
VI.
【参考范文】
Dear
sir
or
madam,
I’m
writing
this
letter
to
call
on
attention
to
the
community
lecture
concerning
garbage
classification.
Given
that
most
neighbors
fail
to
classify
garbage
properly
though
they
really
try
to,
our
community
will
organize
this
lecture
in
an
attempt
to
guide
this
deed.
Garbage
classification
is
of
great
significance.
Firstly,
not
only
can
it
cope
with
pollution
issue
effectively
but
more
space
originally
occupied
by
wasteland
will
be
spared.
Secondly,
we
can
undeniably
make
a
difference
by
taking
advantage
of
recyclable
garbage.
To
fulfill
your
obligation
to
live
an
eco-life,
come
and
join
in
the
lecture
to
be
given
at
3
p.
m.
next
Sunday
on
the
playground
of
Hongqi
Primary
School.
Only
with
combined
efforts
can
we
make
our
neighborhood
better.
Yours,
Hongqi
Community