2022届高考英语二轮复习:倒装句和强调句精讲讲义

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名称 2022届高考英语二轮复习:倒装句和强调句精讲讲义
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高考语法复习:倒装句和强调句精讲
本课重点:
、倒装句
1.
倒装句的定义和功能
2.
倒装句的分类
(1)完全倒装
(2)部分倒装
(3)特殊倒装
、强调句
1.
强调句的定义和功能
2.
强调句的分类
(1)it
is...that类型
(2)特殊强调
、倒装句(Inverted
Sentence)
1.
倒装句的定义和功能
(1)定义:英语句 的 然语序(Natural
Order)是主语在前,谓语在后。如果将谓语的全部或者 部分放在了主语前 ,则称为倒装语序。倒装语序的句 就是倒装句。
(2)功能:倒装句本质上是通过调整句 结构,让它和普通句 不 样,体现英语语 的灵活多变,从 突出其两 特殊的功能:
a.
语法功能:疑问句当中,需要把正常句式改为部分倒装句,为了体现其“提问”的功能。
例1:( 般疑问句)Do
you
remember
this
song (你记得这 歌吗?)
例2:(特殊疑问句)What's
your
favorite
color (你最喜欢哪种颜 ?)
例3:(选择疑问句)Should
I
stay
or
go (我是去是留?)
例4:(反义疑问句)Don't
you
want
to
take
a
break (你难道不想歇会 吗?)
b.
修辞功能:即“修饰 论”的功能。为了强调、突出句 某部分,增强句 连接性,使句 结构平衡、表意清晰。
对 1:
原句:I
haven't
felt
so
lonely
ever.
倒装:Never
have
I
felt
so
lonely.(我从未这么孤单过。)(强调never)
对 2:
原句:A
group
of
students
are
waiting
in
the
classroom.
倒装:Waiting
in
the
classroom
are
a
group
of
students.(在教室 等着的是 群学 。)(突出现在分词)
对 3:
原句:The
man
who
just
put
down
the
phone
rushed
out.
倒装:Out
rushed
the
man
who
just
put
down
the
phone.(这个 冲了出去,他刚刚挂电话。)(增强句 连接性)
2.
倒装句的分类
(1)完全倒装(complete
inversion):将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。完全倒装的4种情况:
a.
为了强调状语,表“ 位”和“地点”的副词或介词短语置于句 。
例1:Here
comes
the
bus.(公交 来啦。)
注意:如果主语是 称代词,不倒装。
Here
he
comes.(他来了。)(正确)
Here
comes
he.(错误)
Here
comes
the
man.(那个 来了。)(正确)
(原因: 称代词普遍 节很少,句 结构平衡、表意清晰, 需倒装。)
例2:
然语序:The
young
man
who
borrowed
my
book
stood
by
the
door.(那个借过我书的年轻 站在 。)
强调状语:By
the
door
the
young
man
who
borrowed
my
book
stood.(修饰谓语的状语与其离得太远,意思失去连贯性)
调整语序:By
the
door
stood
the
young
man
who
borrowed
my
book.(站在 的那个年轻 ,之前借过我的书。)
例3:To
this
company
belong
the
most
creative
group
of
people
in
the
world.(这个公司汇聚了世界上最富创造 的 群 。)
b.
there
be句型
如果想说某物的存在或者想提及某物的在场,可 there后接be和名词短语。在这种情况下,there并不指地点,本身不带词义,主要起弱化句 本身结构,强调状语修饰部分的作 。
对 :
A
pencil
is
on
the
desk.( 铅笔在桌上。)(主系表结构,没有突出部分)
There
is
a
pencil
on
the
desk.(削弱主系表结构,突出“桌上的铅笔”)
注意:
(1)there
be 的be也可以换成stand,live,remain,exist等表事物出现、存在的动词。
例1:There
stand
hundreds
of
students
on
the
square.(上百个学 站在 场上。)
例2:There
lives
an
old
man
in
the
shabby
house.(破旧的房 住着 个 。)
例3:There
remains/exists
little
memory
about
her.( 乎不存在关于她的记忆。)
(2)由于there 词义,在正式 体写作中,为了句式简洁,尽量避免使 there
be句型。对 :
There
is
a
man
sitting
over
there.(有个 在那 坐着。)
A
man
is
sitting
over
there.
c.
为了强调表语,充当表语的形容词、分词(短语)、介词短语置于句 。
例1:Happy
are
those
who
are
contented.(知 者常乐。)
例2:Basic
to
our
understanding
is
the
country's
impressive
population
growth.(这个国家 增 快,这是常识。)
例3:Gone
are
the
days
when
we
had
no
secrets.(我们之间没有秘密的 已经 去不复返了。)
例4:Lying
in
the
sun
is
my
brother.(正躺在阳光下的是我弟弟。)
例5:Among
the
presents
are
a
new
phone,
a
laptop,
and
a
couple
of
books.(在这些礼物 ,有 部新 机, 台笔记本电脑,还有 些书。)
d.
在某些表示愿望的祝愿语中。
例:Long
live
our
friendship!(友谊万岁!)
(2)部分倒装(partial
inversion):只将助动词(包括情态动词)移到主语之前。部分倒装的6种情况:
a.
为了强调“否定”,含否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句 。
1)never,rarely和seldom置于句 ,强调某种情况 常特别。
例1:Never
have
I
seen
her
face
so
pale.(我从未 过她的脸 如此苍 !)
例2:Rarely
has
someone
been
so
talented.(很少有 是如此有天赋的。)
例3:Seldom
have
I
met
her
recently.(最近我很少 到她。)
2)hardly,barely,no
sooner等置于句 ,强调两件事情发 的时间间隔很短。
例1:Hardly
had
he
gone
out
when
it
began
to
rain.(他刚 出去就开始下 了。)
例2:Barely
had
I
walked
in
the
door
when
my
dog
came
rushing
to
greet
me.(我刚进 ,我的狗就跑过来迎接我。)
例3:No
sooner
had
he
finished
dinner
when
she
walked
in
the
door.(他刚吃完晚饭,她就 了进来。)
例4:Scarcely
had
he
arrived
when
he
had
to
leave
again.(他刚刚到达就不得不 离开。)
类似否定词(组)有:neither(两者都不),
nor(也不是),
little( 乎没有),
by
no
means(绝不),
at
no
time(绝不),
under
no
circumstances(任何情况下都不),
not
only...but
also...
(不仅…… 且)
例1:—
“I
don’t
like
dancing.”

“Neither
do
I.”(——“我不喜欢跳舞。”
——“我也不喜欢。”)
例2:—
“He
can’t
dance.”

“Nor
can
she.”(——“他不会跳舞。”
——“她也不会。”)
例3:
The
only
girl
I
care
about
has
gone
away
Looking
for
a
brand
new
start
But
little
does
she
know
that
when
she
left
that
day
Along
with
her
she
took
my
heart
The
Cascades,
Rhythm
Of
The
Rain
唯 在意的 孩离我 去
去寻找 种新的 活轨迹
但她 那天却 乎没留意
我的 也因此 被她带去
(瀑布合唱团, 中旋律)
例4:By
no
means
should
he
be
left
alone.(绝不能把他单独留下。)
例5:At
no
time
should
you
give
up
studying.(在任何时候你都不应放弃学习。)
例6:Under
no
circumstances
will
I
betray
her.(在任何条件下我都决不背叛她。)
注意:not
only…but
also…连接两个分句时,not
only后的分句进 部分倒装。如果连接的是两个并列词语,不 倒装结
构。 较:
Not
only
did
he
show
up
late,
but
he
also
forgot
to
bring
his
paper.(他不仅迟到了, 且论 也忘带了。)
Not
only
he
but
also
his
friends
like
reading.(不仅他爱读书,他朋友也爱读书。)
b.
为了强调“唯 ”、“只有”,only修饰的副词、介词短语、状语从句放在句 。
例1:Only
then
did
I
realize
my
mistakes.(我在那时才明 了 的错误。)
例2:Only
in
this
way
can
we
win
the
game.(只有这样我们才能赢这场 赛。)
例3:Only
when
she
fell
ill
did
she
understand
the
importance
of
family
and
health.(只有当她 病的时候,她才明 家 和健康很重要。)
注意:当only修饰主语时,由于主语本身就在句 ,已经是句 的焦点,因此结构 需进 倒装。
例:Only
he
knows
how
I
really
feel.(只有他知道我的真实感受。)
c.
so作代词,置于句 ,表示“也是如此”,强调与前 提到内容相 致。
例:You
like
reading
So
do
I.(你喜欢看书?我也喜欢。)
注意:so+主语+do这种 然语序,表示对所说情况表示肯定,so的意思是“的确”。
例:—
You
work
really
hard.(你 作真认真啊。)

So
I
do.(我的确挺认真的。)
d.
当虚拟条件句中省略if时,were,had或should需移到句 前,作为“虚拟式的标记”。
例1:Had
I
read
that
book,
I
would
have
passed
the
exam.(假如我读了那本书,我考试可能就过了。)
例2:Were
I
in
your
position,
I
would
probably
do
the
same.(我要是处在你的位置,我很有可能也这么做。)
例3:Should
I
stay,
I
would
only
be
in
your
way.(如果我留下,我只会碍你的事。)
e.
频度副词位于句 ,强调“频率”。
例:Often
does
she
go
to
the
library.(她经常去图书馆。)
f.
在某些表示愿望的祝愿语中。
例:May
you
be
happy
every
day.(祝你天天开 。)
(3)特殊倒装:
a.
有时候为了强调动词(短语),会把主语和助动词放在后 。
例1:Go
away
I
can’t.
Stay
here
I
can.( ,我不能。留下,我可以。)
例2:I
have
promised
to
finish
the
task
on
time
and
finish
it
I
will.(我已经承诺会暗示完成这个任务了, 且我会的。)
b.
so/such…that引导的结果状语从句,so/such位于句 ,强调“如此”。
例1:So
difficult
is
the
test
that
students
need
three
months
to
prepare.(这个考试如此之难以 于学 们需要三个 时间来准备。)
例2:Such
a
busy
schedule
did
we
have
that
we
couldn't
attend
the
show.(我们真的太忙了以 于没能去看演出。)
c.
由as引导的让步状语从句,为了强调“让步”,需要把动词/动词短语放到as前,进 部分倒装。
例1:Try
as
you
may,
you
can't
persuade
him.(虽然你可以尝试,但是你不可能说服他。)
例2:Toil
as
he
would,
he
still
might
fail.(虽然他会很努 ,但是他仍然有可能失败。)
例3:Change
your
mind
as
you
will,
she
won’t
come
back.(即使你会改变主意,她也不会回头了。)
d.
由as/though引导的让步状语从句,为了强调“让步”,需要把形容词/名词/副词放到as前,进 部分倒装。
例1:Hard
as/though
the
exam
might
be,
I’m
sure
I’ll
pass
it.(尽管考试也许会难,我觉得我还是会考过的。)
例2:Child
as/though
he
was,
he
was
more
intelligent
than
most
adults.(尽管他还是个 孩,但 多数成年 都聪明。)
例3:Late
as/though
he
stayed
up,
he
didn’t
feel
tired
at
all.(尽管他熬夜了,但是却不觉疲惫。)
注意:由于该句型 ,主谓其实并未发 位置的互换,只是把需要强调的部分提前了,所以, 些语法书把这种现象归为强调修辞 结构倒装。类似的句型还有:
例1:Talent,
he
has;
capital,
he
has
not.(才华,他是有的;资本,他可没有。)
例2:Here
you
are.(给你。)
例3:Of
all
his
works
this
is
the
most
influential.(在他的所有作品 ,这部的影响 是最 的。)
例4:“Of
all
the
warlords
loved
by
the
gods,
I
hate
him
the
most.”(“所有受到众神爱护的军阀中,我最恨他。”)

Troy
《特洛伊》
、强调句(Emphatic
Pattern)
1.
强调句的定义和功能“强调句”的英 , 般叫做emphatic
sentence或者emphatic
pattern。但在英 法 ,强调是
类修辞 法, 种特定句型,它可以有多种体现形式。如:
例1:Hard
as
the
exam
might
be,
I’m
sure
I’ll
pass
it.(尽管考试也许会难,我觉得我还是会考过的。)
例2:Talent,
he
has;
capital,
he
has
not.(才华,他是有的;资本,他可没有。)
例3:It
is
radium
that
Madame
Curie
discovered.(居 夫 发现的是镭元素。)
以下讲的强调句,主要是it
is…that…句型。在这种句型中, 个句 被分为两个部分,重要的部分放在It
is后 强调。这种通过分裂句 形态,从 转移句 焦点的句型,在英 中叫做Cleft
Sentence(分裂句)。对 :
原句:I
just
finished
this
novel.(我刚读完这本 说。)
分裂句:It
is
this
novel
that
I
just
finished.(我刚读完的是这本 说。)(句 被分开,焦点转移到
this
novel上)
2.
强调句的分类
a.
It
is…that…
的:听者已知 些信息, it
is…that…这种句型,是为了给听者强调 些新的信息。形式:it
is根据时态变化 变化,当强调的是 ,that要相应变成who/whom。
例1:—
Your
key
got
lost
yesterday,
did
it (你的钥匙昨天丢了是吗?)

No.
It
was
his
key
that
got
lost.(不是,是他的钥匙丢了。)(已知信息:a
key
got
lost;新信息:his
key)
例2:—
You’ve
met
my
mother,
haven’t
you (你 到我妈妈了,是吗?)

No,
it
was
your
sister
(that/who/whom)
I
met!(不是,我是 到你姐姐了。)(已知信息:I
metsomeone
in
your
family;新信息:it
was
your
sister)这种句型可以强调除谓语以外的所有成分,单词、短语、从句形式都可强调。以 个句 为例:
We
主语
had
谓语
a
long
talk
宾语
in
this
room
地点状语
after
he
decided
to
go
abroad
时间状语从句
.(在他决定出国后,我们在这个房间 谈了 次。)
It
was
we
who
had
a
long
talk
in
this
room
after
he
decided
to
go
abroad.(强调主语)
It
was
a
long
talk
that
we
had
in
this
room
after
he
decided
to
go
abroad.(强调宾语)
It
was
in
this
room
that
we
had
a
long
talk
after
he
decided
to
go
abroad.(强调地点状语)
It
was
after
he
decided
to
go
abroad
that
we
had
a
long
talk
in
this
room.(强调时间状语从句)
注意:强调句 主语时,that/who之后的谓语动词, 称和数要与句 主语 致。 较:
错误:It
is
you
and
I
who
am
going
to
have
a
test.
正确:It
is
you
and
I
who
are
going
to
have
a
test.(是你我将要去做测试。)
问:强调句与主语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句该如何区分?
答: 先明确强调句中it和that都没有词义,it
is…that…只是 个结构,去掉这个结构后,剩下应该是 个成分完整且正确的句 。
1.
与主语从句的区别:
主语从句中的it是形式主语,指的是that后 的整个句 。 较:
强调句:It
is
my
cat
that
you
are
holding.(你抱的是我的猫。)
去掉it
is...
that...:You
are
holding
my
cat.(成分完整且正确)
主语从句:It
is
exciting
that
I
will
go
to
New
York.(我要去纽约了,这真令 激动。)
去掉it
is...that...:Exciting
I
will
go
to
New
York.(exciting多余,句 不正确)
2.
与定语从句的区别:
在正式 体中,强调句中的that不能省略,是连接词;定语从句的that/which是关系代词的 种,作宾语可以省略,同时定语从句关系词的选择取决于先 词。
较1:
强调句:It
is
the
book
that
I
bought
yesterday.(我昨天买的是那本书。)(that不可换which,且不能省略)
去掉it
is...
that…:I
bought
the
book
yesterday.(成分完整且正确)
定语从句:It
is
the
book
(which/that)
I
bought
yesterday.(它是我昨天买的那本书。)(that在从句中作宾语可换which,也可被省略)
去掉it
is...
that…:the
book
I
bought
yesterday(名词短语)
较2:
强调句:It
is
in
this
room
that
we
used
to
meet.(我们以前经常 的地 是这个房间。)
去掉it
is...
that…:We
used
to
meet
in
this
room.(成分完整且正确)
定语从句:It
is
the
room
where
we
used
to
meet.(这是我们以前经常 的房间。)
去掉it
is...
where…:We
used
to
meet
the
room.(病句)
3.
与状语从句的区别:
状语从句句 的it本身就是句 的主语, 强调句 的it没有实际意义;状语从句的连词that及句 前 的it
be不能去掉。
较:
强调句:It
is
such
an
interesting
film
that
we
like
very
much.(这就是我们很喜欢的那部有趣的电影。)
去掉it
is...that:We
like
such
an
interesting
film
very
much.(句 完整且正确)
状语从句:It
is
such
an
interesting
book
that
we
like
it
very
much.(这是如此有趣的 本书,以 于我们都 分喜欢它。)
去掉it
is...that:such
an
interesting
book
we
like
it
very
much.(句 成分重复,且表意模糊)
4.
与同位语从句的区别:
同位语从句中it指“它”或“这”,that引导的从句起的是解释说明前 名词的作 ,如果省略,句 成分就会有所重复。
较:
强调句:It
is
this
very
fact
that
broke
her
heart.(正是这 事实让她伤透了 。)
去掉it
is...that:This
very
fact
broke
her
heart.(句 完整且正确)
同位语从句:It
is
a
fact
that
I
don't
like
you.(我不喜欢你,这是 个事实。)
去掉it
is...that:a
fact
I
don't
like
you.(句 成分重复,且表意模糊)
b.
特殊强调
1)强调谓语动词,只要在其前 加上助动词do即可。do会受主谓 致与时态的影响,谓语动词保持原形。
例1:I
do
read
for
30
minutes
every
day.(我的确每天读30分钟书。)
例2:He
did
come
here
before
he
left.(他在 之前,的确来过这 。)
2)强调的形容词,可以加程度副词。
例:She
is
absolutely
wrong
about
him.(她完全误解他了。)
类似的程度副词有:much,little,very,rather,so,too,quite,perfectly,enough,
extremely,almost,slightly,fairly,fully,completely,really等。