2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然：自然灾害与防范（含答案与解析）

2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然
自然灾害与防范
一、七选五
（2021·许昌市建安区第一高级中学）
It
was
midday
on
August
24
in
the
year
79.
1．
In
the
crowded
market,
shoppers
cried
and
pointed
at
Mount
Vesuvius,
the
huge
volcano
near
the
city.
Ash
and
smoke
were
shooting
30
kilometers
into
the
sky
from
the
volcano.
The
thick
ash
turned
everything
black.
People
couldn't
see
the
sun.
All
the
landmarks
disappeared.
The
people
could
not
see
where
to
go
or
how
to
escape.
2．
Other
people
hid
and
became
trapped
in
their
homes.
The
ash
did
not
stop
falling.
It
got
deeper
and
deeper,
blocking
doors
and
building.
Around
midnight,
hot
clouds
of
ash,
rock,
and
harmful
gas
rushed
down
the
mountain,
and
destroyed
everything
in
their
way.
3．
The
terrible
eruption
was
finished.
The
ruins
of
Pompeii
today
are
like
a
trip
back
in
time.
The
volcanic
ash
kept
buildings,
art
and
even
the
forms
of
people
who
died.
You
can
see
important
buildings
and
beautiful
homes
where
wealthy
people
used
to
live.
4．
Bakeries
still
have
bread
in
the
oven.
Kitchens
a
till
have
pots
on
the
stove.
Walls
still
have
love
notes,
pictures,
and
other
messages.
Now,
almost
2,000
years
later,
three
million
people
Live
near
Vesuvius.
Pompeii
is
ancient
history,
but
the
volcano
will
probably
erupt
again.
5．
They
will
try
to
warn
people
of
an
eruption
and
prevent
another
disaster
like
the
one
that
destroyed
Pompeii.
A．You
can
also
look
into
other
people's
lives.
B．Today,
we
know
a
lot
about
that
terrible
day.
C．Some
people
took
money
and
ran
for
their
lives.
D．By
7
o'clock
the
next
morning,
Vesuvius
and
Pompeii
were
silent.
E.There
was
a
deafening
noise,
and
the
city
of
Pompeii
started
to
shake.
F.Pompeii
was
destroyed
after
a
volcanic
eruption
killed
thousands
of
people.
G.No
one
knows
when
it
will
happen,
but
scientists
are
watching
the
volcano
very
carefully.
二、阅读理解
A
（2021·商丘市回民中学高一期末）The
World's
Deadliest
Beaches
Dangerous
sea
creatures,
big
waves,
and
air
pollution
are
just
some
of
the
many
things
you
need
to
take
caution
to
when
visiting
the
world's
deadliest
beaches.
Cape
Tribulaton,
Australia
Cape
Tribulaton
is
said
to
be
unsafe
due
to
its
huge
amount
of
dangerous
animals.
There
are
tons
of
jellyfish
and
it
is
not
safe
to
swim
near
the
mouths
of
the
rivers
because
of
crocodile
warnings.
Poisonous(有毒的)
snakes
and
cassowaries
have
also
been
found.
According
to
The
Cairns
Post,
a
46-year-old
woman
is
believed
to
have
been
taken
by
a
crocodile
while
swimming
at
Thornton
beach,
a
beach
in
Cape
Tribulaton.
Gansbaai,
South
Africa
Also
called
“Shark
Alley”,
this
beach
is
known
as
the
world
of
the
great
white
sharks.
It
is
so
filled
with
sharks
that
they
have
actually
created
shark
tours
for
tourists.
Locals
claim
that
visitors
have
a
99
percent
chance
of
seeing
a
great
white
between
April
to
September.
In
2011
a
man
going
diving
was
attacked
by
two
sharks.
His
body
never
returned
to
the
surface.
Nazare,
Portugal
Also
known
as
“Portugal's
Monster”,
Nazare
is
a
wonderful
vacation
destination
with
some
of
the
biggest
and
deadliest
waves
ever
surfed.
“In
Nazare,”
a
Hawaiian
surfer
told
Time,
“the
ocean
is
known
as
a
place
of
death,
not
of
riding
waves.”
Nazare's
waves
are
created
much
larger
due
to
the
Nazare
Canyon.
They
are
so
dangerous
that
big
-wave
surfer
Maya
Gabeira
was
nearly
killed
during
a
wipeout
in
2013.
Snake
Island,
Brazil
Snake
Island,
also
known
as
Ilha
de
Queimada
Grande,
is
home
to
the
“world's
deadliest
snake”—the
golden
lancehead
viper.
Its
poison
is
said
to
easily
melt
human
flesh.
Access
to
this
island
has
been
banned
due
to
people
being
killed
in
the
past.
6．What
can
we
do
in
Gansbaai
according
to
the
text
A．Observe
jellyfish.
B．Feed
sharks.
C．Swim
safely.
D．Enjoy
shark
tours.
7．What
kind
of
risk
do
people
face
in
Nazare
A．Big
waves.
B．Crocodiles.
C．Air
pollution.
D．Poisonous
fish,
8．Where
are
people
at
the
great
risk
of
snakes
A．In
Gansbaai
and
Ilha
de
Queimada
Grande.
B．In
Cape
Tribulaton
and
Portugal's
Monster.
C．In
Cape
Tribulaton
and
Ilha
de
Queimada
Grande.
D．In
Portugal's
Monster
and
Ilha
de
Queimada
Grande.
B
（2021·全国高一单元测试）
People
living
on
parts
of
the
south
coast
of
England
face
a
serious
problem.
In
1993,
the
owners
of
a
large
hotel
and
of
several
houses
discovered,
to
their
horror,
that
their
gardens
had
disappeared
overnight.
The
sea
had
eaten
into
the
soft
limestone
（石灰岩）
cliffs
on
which
they
had
been
built.
While
experts
were
studying
the
problem,
the
hotel
and
several
houses
disappeared
altogether,
sliding
down
the
cliff
and
into
the
sea.
Erosion（侵蚀）of
the
white
cliffs
along
the
south
coast
of
England
has
always
been
a
problem
but
it
has
become
more
serious
in
recent
years.
Dozens
of
homes
have
had
to
be
abandoned
as
the
sea
has
crept
farther
and
farther
inland.
Experts
have
studied
the
areas
most
affected
and
have
drawn
up
a
map
for
local
people,
forecasting
the
year
in
which
their
homes
will
be
swallowed
up
by
the
hungry
sea.
Angry
owners
have
called
on
the
Government
to
erect
sea
defenses
to
protect
their
homes.
Government
surveyors
have
pointed
out
that
in
most
cases,
this
is
impossible.
New
sea
walls
would
cost
hundreds
of
millions
of
pounds
and
would
merely
make
the
waves
and
currents
go
further
along
the
coast,
shifting
the
problem
from
one
area
to
another.
The
danger
is
likely
to
continue,
they
say,
until
the
waves
reach
an
inland
area
of
hard
rock
which
will
not
be
eaten
as
limestone
is.
Meanwhile,
if
you
want
to
buy
a
cheap
house
with
an
uncertain
future,
apply
to
a
house
agent
in
one
of
the
threatened
areas
on
the
south
coast
of
England.
You
can
get
a
house
for
a
knockdown
price
but
it
may
turn
out
to
be
a
knockdown
home.
9．What
is
the
cause
of
the
problem
that
people
living
on
parts
of
the
south
coast
of
England
face
A．The
disappearance
of
hotels,
houses
and
gardens.
B．The
experts’
lack
of
knowledge.
C．The
rising
of
the
sea
level.
D．The
washing-away
of
limestone
cliffs.
10．The
erosion
of
the
white
cliffs
in
the
south
of
England
________.
A．will
soon
become
a
problem
for
people
living
in
central
England
B．has
now
become
a
threat
to
the
local
residents
C．is
quickly
changing
the
map
of
England
D．can
be
stopped
if
proper
measures
are
taken
11．The
experts’
study
on
the
problem
of
erosion
can
________.
A．lead
to
its
eventual
solution
B．provide
an
effective
way
to
slow
it
down
C．help
to
prevent
it
from
worsening
D．warn
people
whose
homes
are
in
danger
12．It
is
not
feasible
to
build
sea
defenses
to
protect
against
erosion
because
________.
A．it
is
too
costly
and
will
endanger
neighbouring
areas
B．the
government
is
too
slow
in
taking
action
C．they
will
be
easily
knocked
down
by
waves
and
currents
D．house
agents
along
the
coast
do
not
support
the
idea
C
（2011·山东高三期中）
All
short-haul
flights
out
of
Heathrow
were
cancelled
while
Eurostar
passengers
in
London
queued
around
the
block.
Gatwick
Airport
is
shut
and
will
not
reopen
until
Tuesday.
The
government
has
apologized
for
spoiling
so
many
people's
Christmases
and
the
Met
Office
(气象局)
has
warned
of
more
snow
and
ice
in
parts
of
the
UK
overnight.
Heathrow
airport
officials
said
no
more
than
a
third
of
all
flights
would
operate
until
Wednesday
and
warned
passengers
to
expect
delays
and
cancellations,
possibly
until
Christmas
Day.
Overcrowding
was
so
bad
in
some
areas
that
passengers
with
flights
scheduled
to
depart
from
terminals
1
or
3
on
Monday
were
told
not
to
travel
to
the
airport.
It
was
said
the
south
runway
would
remain
closed
on
Tuesday
and
advised
people
not
to
travel
to
the
airport
unless
their
airline
had
confirmed
the
booking.
Transport
Secretary
Philip
Hammond
said
aviation
was
a
“safety-first
business”.
And
in
a
statement,
Mr.
Hammond
said
rules
on
night
flights
would
be
relaxed
for
the
next
four
days
to
help
deal
with
the
backlog.
This
would
mean
allowing
incoming
flights
to
arrive
through
the
night.
Elsewhere
in
Europe,
airports
in
Frankfurt,
Paris,
Florence
and
Amsterdam
were
severely
disrupted
(混乱)
in
addition
to
disruption
to
road
and
rail
travel.
By
Monday
evening,
problems
on
the
motorways
seemed
to
be
easing
but
BBC
Travel
was
reporting
severe
disruption
on
the
M25
in
Surrey
and
the
M58
in
Merseyside.
13．The
text
is
intended
to________.
A．warn
the
readers
not
to
take
any
trips
to
Europe
due
to
the
bad
weather
B．inform
the
readers
of
how
traffic
was
influenced
by
snow
and
ice
C．introduce
some
famous
airports
in
Britain
to
the
readers
D．report
a
research
about
how
bad
weather
can
affect
traffic
14．Eurostar
passengers________.
A．complained
a
lot
about
the
severe
disruption
B．advised
the
Met
Office
to
handle
the
problems
C．had
to
wait
for
a
long
time
before
getting
aboard
D．cancelled
their
flights
because
of
bad
weather
15．What
does
the
underlined
word
“backlog”
probably
mean
A．A
series
of
hard
work.
B．Breaking
down
of
some
event.
C．An
accumulation
of
uncompleted
work.
D．Measures
to
prevent
something
unexpected.
16．Heathrow
airport
officials
probably
meant
________.
A．two
thirds
of
the
flights
would
operate
as
scheduled
B．only
one
third
of
the
flights
could
work
after
Christmas
C．they
would
work
hard
to
handle
the
problems
before
Wednesday
D．there
would
be
more
delays
and
cancellations
before
Christmas
17．We
can
infer
from
the
last
paragraph
________.
A．most
motorways
were
less
influenced
elsewhere
in
Europe
B．except
for
the
M25
and
the
M58
there
was
still
much
disruption
C．the
terrible
weather
affected
not
only
Britain
but
the
whole
Europe
D．using
cell
phones
doesn't
make
children
affected
when
they
are
crossing
streets
三、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2021·巴中市教育科学研究所）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个词）或括号内单词的正确形式.
Sandstorms
are
common
18．
（nature）
disasters.
They
are
often
so
thick
that
you
cannot
see
the
sun，and
the
wind
is
sometimes
strong
enough
to
move
sand
dunes.
Sandstorms
19．（main）occur
in
four
places
in
the
world，including
Central
Asia.
Northwest
China
is
part
of
the
sandstorm
center
in
Central
Asia.
Sandstorms
in
China
appear
20．（increase）
in
recent
years
as
a
result
of
“desertification”
.
Sometimes
Beijing
is
affected
by
sandstorms.
They
affect
the
traffic
because
the
thick
dust
makes
21．
difficult
to
see.
22．
some
other
disasters，sandstorms
come
with
a
warning.
They
can
23．（forecast）
some
weeks
before，but
the
24．（strong）of
the
storm
sometimes
surprises
people.
25．
a
sandstorm
occurs，weather
experts
advise
people
not
to
go
out.
If
you
want
to
go
out，you'
d
better
wear
26．
mask
because
it'
s
difficult
to
breathe
and
the
dust
makes
people
ill.
To
prevent
sandstorms
27．（come）
nearer
to
Beijing，the
government
has
made
great
efforts.
四、提纲类作文
（2021·四川省绵阳江油中学高一月考）近些年来，世界各地频发地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴等自然灾害，造成极大的损失。假如你是李华，请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇短文，要点包括：
1.
描述现象和后果；
2.
分析自然灾害频发的原因；
3.
提出你的关于减少自然灾害的建议。
注意：1.词数100-120之间；
2.文章开头已给出，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Over
the
past
few
years,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、七选五
ECDAG
【大意】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了庞贝城发生火山爆发时的情景，以及庞贝遗址目前的情况等。
1．根据上文“It
was
midday
on
August
24
in
the
year
79.(那是公元79年8月24日的中午)”以及后文“In
the
crowded
market,
shoppers
cried
and
pointed
at
Mount
Vesuvius,
the
huge
volcano
near
the
city.
Ash
and
smoke
were
shooting
30
kilometers
into
the
sky
from
the
volcano.
The
thick
ash
turned
everything
black.
People
couldn't
see
the
sun.
All
the
landmarks
disappeared.
The
people
could
not
see
where
to
go
or
how
to
escape.(在拥挤的市场里，购物者一边喊一边指着城市附近的巨大火山维苏威火山。火山灰和烟雾从火山喷向30公里外的天空。厚厚的火山灰把一切都变成了黑色。人们看不到太阳。
所有的地标都消失了。人们不知道该往哪里走，也不知道如何逃跑)”可知，本段主要是在描述火山爆发时的情景，故E选项“一声震耳欲聋的巨响，庞贝城开始摇晃”符合语境，故选E。
2．根据上文“The
people
could
not
see
where
to
go
or
how
to
escape.(人们不知道该往哪里走，也不知道如何逃跑)”以及后文“Other
people
hid
and
became
trapped
in
their
homes.(其他人躲了起来，被困在家里)”可知，本句应是描述人们在灾难发生时的反应，C选项中some对应后文中other。故C选项“有些人拿了钱就逃命”符合语境，故选C。
3．根据后文“The
terrible
eruption
was
finished.(可怕的喷发结束了)”可知，后文提到喷发结束了，可见火山恢复了平静，故D选项“第二天早上7点，维苏威火山和庞贝火山都沉默了”符合语境，故选D。
4．根据上文“The
ruins
of
Pompeii
today
are
like
a
trip
back
in
time.
The
volcanic
ash
kept
buildings,
art
and
even
the
forms
of
people
who
died.
You
can
see
important
buildings
and
beautiful
homes
where
wealthy
people
used
to
live.(今天的庞贝遗址就像一次时光之旅。火山灰保存了建筑物、艺术品，甚至是死者的形体。你可以看到重要的建筑和富人曾经居住的美丽的家)”以及后文“Bakeries
still
have
bread
in
the
oven.
Kitchens
a
till
have
pots
on
the
stove.
Walls
still
have
love
notes,
pictures,
and
other
messages.(面包店的烤箱里还有面包。厨房里的炉子上有锅。
墙壁上仍然有爱的便条、图片和其他信息)”可知，上文提到可以看到重要的建筑和富人曾经居住的美丽的家，后文则提到了一些生活中的日常用品，故A选项“你也可以窥探别人的生活”符合语境，故选A。
5．根据上文“Now,
almost
2,000
years
later,
three
million
people
Live
near
Vesuvius.
Pompeii
is
ancient
history,
but
the
volcano
will
probably
erupt
again.(2000年后的今天，有300万人生活在维苏威火山附近。
庞贝已经是古老的历史了，但这座火山可能还会再次喷发)”以及后文“They
will
try
to
warn
people
of
an
eruption
and
prevent
another
disaster
like
the
one
that
destroyed
Pompeii.(他们将试图警告人们火山爆发，防止另一场像摧毁庞贝那样的灾难)”可知，上文提到了火山可能再次喷发，后文则说试图警告人们火山爆发，可见本句是在说明人们正在仔细观察火山的情况，G选项中scientists对应后文中they。故G选项“没有人知道它什么时候会发生，但是科学家们正在非常仔细地观察火山”符合语境，故选G。
二、阅读理解
A篇：DAC
【大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个世界上最致命的海滩并举了相关真实事件的例子。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Also
called
“Shark
Alley”,
this
beach
is
known
as
the
world
of
the
great
white
sharks.
It
is
so
filled
with
sharks
that
they
have
actually
created
shark
tours
for
tourists.（也被称为“鲨鱼巷”，这片海滩被称为大白鲨的世界。这里到处都是鲨鱼，他们甚至为游客开设了鲨鱼之旅。）”可知，我们在甘斯拜可以享受鲨鱼之游。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Also
known
as
“Portugal's
Monster”,
Nazare
is
a
wonderful
vacation
destination
with
some
of
the
biggest
and
deadliest
waves
ever
surfed.（纳扎尔也被称为“葡萄牙的怪物”，是一个美妙的度假胜地，有一些最大和最致命的海浪。）”可知，在拿撒勒人们会面临致命的大海浪。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Poisonous(有毒的)
snakes
and
cassowaries
have
also
been
found.（还发现了毒蛇和食火鸡。）”和最后一段“Snake
Island,
also
known
as
Ilha
de
Queimada
Grande,
is
home
to
the
“world's
deadliest
snake”—the
golden
lancehead
viper.（蛇岛，也被称为Ilha
de
Queimada
Grande，是“世界上最致命的蛇”——金枪头蝰蛇的家园。）”可知，在布特里拉顿角和格兰德基玛达岛的人们面临着蛇的巨大危险。故选C。
B篇：DBDA
【大意】这是一篇说明文。生活在英格兰南海岸部分地区的人们面临着一个严重的问题，他们的家园将被饥饿的大海吞没。对此专家束手无策。这种危险可能会持续下去。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“The
sea
had
eaten
into
the
soft
limestone
（石灰岩）
cliffs
on
which
they
had
been
built.”（海水侵蚀了它们赖以生存的软石灰岩悬崖。）由此可知，生活在英格兰南部海岸部分地区的人们面临的问题的原因是石灰岩悬崖被侵蚀。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“Erosion（侵蚀）of
the
white
cliffs
along
the
south
coast
of
England
has
always
been
a
problem
but
it
has
become
more
serious
in
recent
years.
Dozens
of
homes
have
had
to
be
abandoned
as
the
sea
has
crept
farther
and
farther
inland.”（英格兰南海岸白色悬崖的侵蚀一直是个问题，但近年来这个问题变得更加严重。随着海水越来越深入内陆，许多房屋不得不被遗弃。）由此可知，英格兰南部白色悬崖的侵蚀，已经对当地居民构成威胁。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段“Experts
have
studied
the
areas
most
affected
and
have
drawn
up
a
map
for
local
people,
forecasting
the
year
in
which
their
homes
will
be
swallowed
up
by
the
hungry
sea.”（专家们研究了受灾最严重的地区，并为当地居民绘制了一幅地图，预测他们的家园将在哪一年被饥饿的海水吞没）由此可知，专家们对侵蚀问题的研究可以警告那些房屋处于危险中的人们。故选D项。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Angry
owners
have
called
on
the
Government
to
erect
sea
defenses
to
protect
their
homes.
Government
surveyors
have
pointed
out
that
in
most
cases,
this
is
impossible.
New
sea
walls
would
cost
hundreds
of
millions
of
pounds
and
would
merely
make
the
waves
and
currents
go
further
along
the
coast,
shifting
the
problem
from
one
area
to
another.”（愤怒的业主呼吁政府建立海上防御系统，以保护他们的家园。政府调查员指出，在大多数情况下，这是不可能的。新的海堤将耗资数亿英镑，只会使海浪和洋流沿着海岸向前推进，将问题从一个地区转移到另一个地区。）由此可知建立海防以防侵蚀是不可行的，因为这成本太高，会危及邻近地区。故选A项。
C篇：BCCDC
【大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了因为冰雪天气原因，多家机场取消航班。
13．推理判断题。由第一段中的“All
short-haul
flights
out
of
Heathrow
were
cancelled
while
Eurostar
passengers
in
London
queued
around
the
block.
(所有从希思罗机场起飞的短途航班都被取消，而伦敦的欧洲之星乘客则在街区周围排队)”及“The
government
has
apologized
for
spoiling
so
many
people's
Christmases
and
the
Met
Office
(气象局)
has
warned
of
more
snow
and
ice
in
parts
of
the
UK
overnight.
(政府为破坏了这么多人的圣诞节而道歉，英国气象局警告说，英国部分地区一夜之间会有更多的冰雪)”和最后一段中的“Elsewhere
in
Europe,
airports
in
Frankfurt,
Paris,
Florence
and
Amsterdam
were
severely
disrupted
(混乱)
in
addition
to
disruption
to
road
and
rail
travel.
(在欧洲其他地方，法兰克福、巴黎、佛罗伦萨和阿姆斯特丹的机场受到严重干扰，公路和铁路运输也受到影响)”可知，文章主要讲因为冰雪天气原因，多家机场取消航班，目的在于告知读者冰雪对交通的影响。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。由第一段中的“All
short-haul
flights
out
of
Heathrow
were
cancelled
while
Eurostar
passengers
in
London
queued
around
the
block.
(所有从希思罗机场起飞的短途航班都被取消，而伦敦的欧洲之星乘客则在街区周围排队)”可知，因为冰雪天气原因，所有从希思罗机场起飞的短途航班都被取消，欧洲之星乘客的排队队伍都排到大街上了，说明排队人多，可得出欧洲之星乘客必须等很长时间才能坐上Eurostar。故选C项。
15．词义猜测题。由第二段内容“因为冰雪天气原因，多家机场可能会延误或取消航班，乘客被告知不要前往机场”和第三段中的“Mr.
Hammond
said
rules
on
night
flights
would
be
relaxed
for
the
next
four
days
to
help
deal
with
the
backlog.
This
would
mean
allowing
incoming
flights
to
arrive
through
the
night.
(哈蒙德先生在一份声明中说，未来四天将放宽夜间航班的规定，以帮助处理backlog。这意味着允许入境航班彻夜到达)”可知，上文讲到多家机场会延误或取消航班，未来四天将放宽夜间航班的规定，即允许入境航班彻夜到达，也就是说夜间航班增加，这突然增加的夜间航班是因为被延误或被取消航班变多，可得出放宽夜间航班的规定是为了处理积压的航班，backlog在此处意为“累积的未完成工作”。故选C项。
16．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Heathrow
airport
officials
said
no
more
than
a
third
of
all
flights
would
operate
until
Wednesday
and
warned
passengers
to
expect
delays
and
cancellations,
possibly
until
Christmas
Day.
(希思罗机场官员表示，不超过三分之一的航班将运营到周三，并警告乘客可能会延误或取消航班，可能要到圣诞节)”可知，圣诞节前会有更多的延迟和取消。故选D项。
17．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Elsewhere
in
Europe,
airports
in
Frankfurt,
Paris,
Florence
and
Amsterdam
were
severely
disrupted
(混乱)
in
addition
to
disruption
to
road
and
rail
travel.
(在欧洲其他地方，法兰克福、巴黎、佛罗伦萨和阿姆斯特丹的机场受到严重干扰，公路和铁路运输也受到影响)”可知，欧洲的交通也受到了影响，说明可怕的天气不仅影响了英国，而且影响了整个欧洲。故选C项。
三语法填空
18．natural
19．mainly
20．to
have
increased
21．it
22．Unlike
23．be
forecast/be
forecasted
24．strength
25．When
26．a
27．coming
【大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了沙尘暴的分布地区，特征以及人们应该采取的措施。
18．考查形容词。句意：沙尘暴是常见的自然灾害。形容词natural修饰名词disaster。故填natural。
19．考查副词。句意：沙尘暴主要发生在包括中亚在内的世界四个地区。副词mainly修饰动词occur。故填mainly。
20．考查动词不定式。句意：由于“沙漠化”，近年来中国的沙尘暴似乎已经有所增加。appear
to
do
sth“看起来做某事”，再根据“in
recent
years”
可知，本句为动词不定式的完成时态。故填to
have
increased。
21．考查形式宾语。句意：它们影响交通，因为厚厚的灰尘使人很难看清。it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。构成make
it+形容词+to
do
sth
。故填it。
22．考查介词。句意：与其他灾害不同，沙尘暴会发出警告。根据句意可知，空处填介词unlike，置于句首首字母大写。故填Unlike。
23．考查语态。句意：它们可以提前几周被预测到，但有时风暴的强度会让人们大吃一惊。can后接动词原形，主语They与谓语forecast为被动关系，故填be
forecast/be
forecasted。
24．考查名词。句意：它们可以提前几周被预测到，但有时风暴的强度会让人们大吃一惊。名词strength作主语。故填strength。
25．考查状语从句。句意：当沙尘暴发生时，天气专家建议人们不要外出。分析句意可知，本句为when引导的时间状语从句。置于句首首字母大写。故填When。
26．考查冠词。句意：如果你想出去，你最好戴上一个口罩，因为它会使人呼吸困难，灰尘会让人生病。mask为可数名词，泛指“一个口罩”,且mask首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
27．考查动名词。句意：为了防止沙尘暴临近北京，北京气象局做出了巨大的努力。prevent
sb
/sth
(from)
doing
sth
“阻止某人做某事”。故填coming。
四、提纲类作文
Possible
Version:
Over
the
past
few
years,
there
have
been
various
natural
disasters,
such
as
earthquakes,
sandstorms,
forest
fires,
hurricanes,
floods
and
so
forth,
occurring
worldwide,
which
have
killed
millions
of
people,
destroyed
countless
homes,
and
wiped
out
numerous
fertile
fields.
There
are
several
reasons
contributing
to
these
frequent
disasters.
To
begin
with,
so
overpopulated
is
the
earth
that
people
have
been
overexploiting
natural
resources.
In
addition,
with
forests
cut
down,
grasses
dug
up,
and
lakes
turned
into
fields,
not
only
has
the
ecosystem
been
seriously
damaged,
but
the
environment
has
been
badly
polluted,
worsening
the
extreme
climates.
It
is
our
joint
efforts
that
can
make
a
difference.
Therefore,
I
strongly
advise
everyone
to
become
aware
of
the
importance
of
environmental
protection
and
take
immediate
action,
ranging
from
saving
water,
taking
public
transport,
planting
trees
to
recycling
wastes.
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