2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然：人与环境（含答案与解析）

2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然
人与环境
一、七选五
（2021·福建莆田市·高二期末）
In
Japan,
taking
a
walk
in
the
woods
or
“forest
bathing”
is
taken
very
seriously.
1．
The
secret
is
that
it
does
far
more
than
just
giving
you
some
exercise
and
a
bit
of
fresh
air.
There
are
some
other
fantastic
benefits.
2．
Not
surprisingly,
a
walk
in
the
woods
has
proven
to
be
more
of
an
attractive
activity
to
people
who
are
overweight
than
an
hour
in
a
gym.
Doctors
are
now
suggesting
that
walking
in
the
woods
is
a
far
healthier
way
for
fat
people
to
exercise
than
walking
indoors.
It
can
also
greatly
reduce
your
blood
pressure.
In
Japan,
researchers
had
one
group
of
subjects
take
a
walk
in
a
wooded
area
and
another
group
in
a
built
up
area.
3．
They
found
the
subjects
that
had
taken
a
walk
in
the
woods
had
significantly
lower
blood
pressure
than
those
who
had
walked
in
an
urban
area.
Just
being
near
trees
can
reduce
depression.
4．
In
one
study
carried
out
in
London,
it
was
found
that
people
who
lived
near
to
trees
had
much
better
mental
health.
Researchers
discovered
that,
the
more
trees
that
could
be
found
in
any
location,
the
fewer
the
number
of
people
who
were
being
prescribed
antidepressants
(抗抑郁药).
Walking
in
the
woods
has
already
been
shown
to
improve
brainpower.
That
is
why
there
is
currently
a
trend
to
site
kindergartens
in
wooded
areas.
Researchers
have
found
that,
children
who
play
in
wooded
areas
develop
better
cognitive
(认知的)
skills
and
are
better
equipped
to
be
able
to
assess
risks
and
dangers.
5．
A．It
helps
you
recover
from
illness.
B．It
can
help
overweight
people
lose
weight.
C．That
has
been
proven
in
studies
conducted
in
big
cities.
D．What
have
the
Japanese
discovered
about
walking
in
a
forest
E.Then
they
compared
their
blood
pressure
when
they
returned.
F.Why
does
the
air
in
a
forest
contain
all
kinds
of
beneficial
things
G.It
also,
of
course,
gives
children
a
better
appreciation
of
the
natural
world.
二、阅读理解
A
（2021·江苏南京·高一期中）
Sheep
farmers
can
profit
by
planting
trees
and
selling
carbon
credits,
according
to
a
new
study.
The
report
by
the
University
of
Sheffield,
published
in
the
journal
Environmental
Research,
suggests
that
farmers
with
more
than
60
acres
of
land
could
turn
a
profit
if
their
land
were
returned
to
forest
and
they
received

3
per
ton
of
CO2
captured.
The
farmers
could
then
sell
the
carbon
‘credits’
to
companies
looking
to
offset(抵消)their
emissions(排放物),
such
as
airlines.
The
study
was
released
as
the
UK
farming
sector
prepares
to
move
away
from
the
Basic
Payment
System
to
the
new
Environmental
Land
Management
Scheme
(ELMS),
which
focuses
on
producing
‘public
goods’,
such
as
recovering
ecosystems,
flood
defenses
and
carbon
storage.
Carbon
credits
are
currently
being
sold
for

15
per
ton,
a
price
that
could
make
any
forest
size
profitable,
according
to
the
study.
The
research
also
suggests
that
if
the
UK
increased
its
tree
cover
from
8%
to
12%,
the
amount
of
carbon
emissions
captured
by
forests
would
increase
by
10%.
“Sheep
farming
in
the
UK
is
not
profitable
without
subsidies(补贴),
but
forests
dull
sell
carbon
credits
can
be
economically
workable—so
it
makes
sense
for
the
Government
to
help
farmers
transition
(过渡),”
believes
Colin
Osborne,
the
lead
author
of
the
study,
“In
the
end,
these
come
down
to
political
questions
of
how
we
want
our
countryside
to
be
used,
how
we
value
livestock
production
over
the
global
costs
of
climate
breakdown
and
how
the
Government
supports
farmers
and
rural
communities.”
However,
critics
say
that
the
study
is
far
too
simplistic,
with
the
National
Sheep
Association
(NSA)
saying
land
management
shouldn’t
only
focus
on
carbon
emissions,
but
has
to
be
multi-functional.
Speaking
to
Farmers
Guardian,
NSA
CEO
Phil
Stocker
says
it’s
“really
easy
for
scientists
to
justify
the
planting
of
forests
through
a
carbon
calculation
(计算),
because
it
is
easy
to
measure
how
much
carbon
is
in
a
tree
and
then
apply
an
offset
value”.
Mr.
Stocker
notes
that
grassland
can
effectively
capture
carbon
and
adds,
“I
appreciate
trees
as
much
as
anyone,
but
to
introduce
policies
to
destroy
grasslands
by
creating
forests
is
short-sighted
at
best.”
6．What
is
the
new
study
about
A．Forests
giving
way
to
sheep
farming.
B．UK
sheep
farmers
preferring
to
plant
trees.
C．Sheep
farmers
contributing
greatly
to
environmental
protection.
D．UK
sheep
farmers
getting
paid
for
replacing
their
grassland
with
forest.
7．What
is
the
aim
of
the
new
ELMS
A．To
help
sheep
farmers
get
richer
and
richer.
B．To
support
those
suffering
from
natural
disasters.
C．To
use
the
land
in
an
environmentally-friendly
way.
D．To
encourage
people
to
plant
more
trees
on
their
land.
8．What
do
Colin
Osborne’s
words
focus
on
A．The
role
of
the
Government.
B．The
future
of
sheep
farming.
C．The
costs
of
climate
breakdown.
D．The
problems
of
rural
communities.
9．Which
of
the
following
would
Phil
Stocker
agree
with
A．It
is
meaningful
to
measure
carbon
emissions.
B．It
is
unwise
to
replace
grassland
with
woodland.
C．Subsidizing
farmers
helps
improve
soil
quality.
D．Grassland
plays
a
more
vital
role
than
woodland.
B
（2021·福建省连城县第一中学）
"You
are
very
aware
that
if
something
goes
wrong,
it
goes
very
wrong
very
quickly,"
says
Joanne
Johnson,
speaking
near
Thwaites
Glacier(冰川)
in
one
of
the
remotest
parts
of
Antarctica.
At
the
time,
she
and
three
colleagues
were
alone,
more
than
1600
kilometres
from
the
nearest
research
station.
Strong
winds
had
pounded
them
and
it
had
snowed
heavily.
On
the
bright
side,
fortunately,
it
was
mild,
at
-5℃.
Until
now,
fewer
than
50
people
have
been
to
this
part
of
West
Antarctica,
less
than
have
been
to
space.
By
the
end
of
this
month,
100
will
have
visited.
The
reason
is
simple:
Thwaites
now
is
a
potential
time
bomb.
This
vast
glacier
is
about
the
size
of
Great
Britain.
While
it
has
been
lessening
since
the
early
1990s,
ice
it
lost
has
almost
doubled
over
the
past
20
years.
It
is
falling
35
billion
tonnes
a
year.
On
its
own,
its
collapse
would
raise
seas
by
around
65
centimetres.
That
is
worrying
enough
in
the
context
of
the
19-cm
rise
in
the
whole
of
the
20th
century.
But
the
bigger
worry
is
that
this
glacier
buttresses
the
entire
West
Antarctic
ice
sheet.
The
fear
is
that
it
will
cause
a
wider
collapse
of
the
ice
sheet
—
enough
to
raise
seas
by
a
disastrous
3.3
metres
within
a
few
hundred
years
if
Thwaites
goes.
Scientists
for
the
first
time
drilled
into
the
ice;
placing
instruments
into
the
ice
is
the
only
way
to
make
accurate
forecasts
of
how
sea
level
will
rise
in
the
future.
This
year's
work
has
already
confirmed
their
fears
though
—
warm
ocean
water
that
circles
Antarctica
is
flowing
to
the
coast
and
because
the
seabed
tips
downwards,
as
the
ice
melts(融化)
it
will
expose
increasingly
more
ice
to
that
water,
meaning
the
glacier
could
disappear
increasingly
rapidly.
Joanne
Johnson
said,
"What
happens
in
the
Antarctic
doesn't
stay
in
the
Antarctic.
Humanity
cannot
afford
to
wait."
10．Why
will
more
people
visit
Thwaites
A．To
measure
Thwaites'
size.
B．To
locate
Thwaites
Glacier.
C．To
explore
West
Antarctica.
D．To
learn
about
Thwaites'
melting.
11．What
does
the
underlined
word
"buttresses"
in
paragraph
3
mean
A．Supports.
B．Covers.
C．Damages.
D．Balances.
12．What's
the
purpose
of
scientists'
drilling
into
the
ice
A．To
find
out
the
position
of
ice
melting.
B．To
predict
the
exact
change
of
sea
level.
C．To
calculate
the
speed
of
water
circling.
D．To
prevent
the
seabed
from
moving.
13．What
does
Joanne
Johnson
mean
in
the
last
paragraph
A．Antarctic
is
destroyed
by
outsiders.
B．Antarctic
is
the
focus
of
the
problem.
C．Thwaites'
trouble
will
become
worldwide.
D．Humans
should
be
blamed
for
Thwaites'
crisis.
C
（2021·上海市实验学校高二期末）
There
has,
in
recent
years,
been
an
outpouring
of
information
about
the
impact
of
buildings
on
the
natural
environment.
Information
which
explains
and
promotes
green
and
sustainable
construction
design
strives
to
convince
others
of
its
effectiveness
and
warns
of
the
dangers
of
ignoring
the
issue.
Seldom
do
these
documents
offer
any
advice
to
practitioners,
such
as
(hose
designing
mechanical
and
electrical
systems
for
a
building,
on
how
to
utilize
this
knowledge
on
a
practical
level.
While
the
terms
green
and
sustainable
arc
often
considered
synonymous,
in
that
they
both
symbolize
nature,
green
does
not
include
all
that
is
meant
by
sustainability.
Some
elements
of
green
design
may
be
sustainable
too,
for
example
those
which
reduce
energy
usage
and
pollution,
while
others,
such
as
ensuring
internal
air
quality,
may
be
considered
green
despite
having
no
influence
on
the
ecological
balance.
Although
there
are
a
good
many
advocates
of
'green'
construction
in
the
architectural
industry,
this
is
not
enough
to
make
green
construction
come
into
being.
The
driving
force
behind
whether
a
building
is
constructed
with
minimal
environmental
impact
lies
with
the
owner
of
the
building;
that
is,
the
person
financing
the
project.
If
the
owner
considers
green
design
unimportant,
or
of
secondary
importance,
then
more
than
likely,
it
will
not
be
factored
into
the
design.
The
81nmissioning(委托)process
plays
a
key
role
in
ensuring
the
owner
gets
the
building
he
wants,
in
terms
of
design,
costs
and
risk.
At
the
predesign
stage,
the
owner's
objectives,
criteria
and
the
type
of
design
imagined
are
discussed
and
documented.
This
gives
a
design
team
a
solid
foundation
on
which
they
can
build
their
ideas,
and
also
provides
a
specific
standard
against
which
individual
elements,
such
as
costs,
design
and
environmental
impact
can
be
judged.
In
some
cases,
an
owner
may
be
aware
of
the
latest
trends
in
sustainable
building
design.
He
may
have
done
research
into
it
himself
or
he
may
have
been
informed
of
the
merits
of
green
design
through
early
discussion
with
professionals.
However,
firms
should
not
take
it
as
read
that
someone
commissioning
a
building
already
has
a
preconceived
idea
of
how
green
he
intends
the
structure
to
be.
Indeed,
this
initial
interaction
between
owner
and
firm
is
the
ideal
time
for
a
designer
to
outline
and
promote
the
ways
that
green
design
can
meet
the
client's
objectives,
thus
turning
a
project
originally
not
destined
for
green
design
into
a
potential
candidate.
14．What
is
the
passage
mainly
about
A．Explaining
to
owners
why
ignoring
green
issues
is
costly
and
dangerous.
B．Explaining
to
professionals
how
they
can
influence
clients
to
choose
greener
designs.
C．Explaining
to
owners
the
importance
of
green
building
design
in
reducing
long-term
damage.
D．Explaining
to
professionals
why
it
is
important
to
follow
the
correct
procedures.
15．The
examples
of
green
and
sustainable
designs
given
in
paragraph
2
show
that________.
A．designs
must
be
sustainable
in
order
for
them
to
be
described
as
green.
B．for
the
purposes
of
this
paper,
the
terms
green
and
sustainable
have
the
same
meaning.
C．some
sustainable
designs
arc
green,
while
others
are
not.
D．some
designs
are
termed
green,
even
though
they
are
not
sustainable.
16．According
to
paragraph
3,
the
reason
for
the
lack
of
green
buildings
being
designed
is
that________.
A．few
firms
have
any
experience
in
design
and
constructing
buildings
to
a
green
design.
B．construction
companies
are
unaware
of
the
benefits
of
green
and
sustainable
designs.
C．firms
do
not
get
to
decide
whether
a
building
is
to
be
constructed
sustainably.
D．firms
tend
to
convince
clients
that
other
factors
are
more
important
than
sustainability.
17．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true
about
the
commissioning
process
A．It
is
conducted
before
the
building
is
designed.
B．It
is
a
stage
that
all
clients
go
through
when
constructing
a
building.
C．It
is
a
step
in
the
design
procedure
in
which
the
clients
goals
arc
identified.
D．It
provides
the
firm
with
a
measure
of
how
well
they
did
their
job.
三、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2021·福建宁德·）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Plastic
has
polluted
the
countryside
and
been
18．
threat
to
wildlife
for
decades.
In
the
last
century
or
so,
environmentalists
have
urged
us
19．
(cut)
the
amount
of
plastic
we
use
or
recycle
the
plastic
bags.
However,
with
only
less
than
14
percent
of
the
total
amount
recycled,
people
are
still
struggling
with
plastic
pollution
globally.
There
may
be
a
solution.
Recently
scientists
have
made
a
biodegradable
(可降解的)
plastic,
20．
means
the
billions
of
plastic
bags,
cups,
straws,
etc.
that
we
throw
away
each
day
could
be
recycled.
21．
(compare)
with
ordinary
plastics,
they
could
break
down
as
22．
(natural)
as
organic
waste.
They
could
do
it
within
a
few
weeks,
23．
(use)
just
heat
and
water.
The
new,
biodegradable
plastic
has
polyester-eating
enzymes
(酶)
inside
it.
When
these
enzymes
are
exposed
24．
heat
and
water,
they
eat
away
at
the
plastic
and
turn
it
into
“food”
for
the
soil.
Professor
Ting
Xu
said
up
to
98
per
cent
of
the
plastic
her
team
made
reduced
into
tiny
pieces.
She
said:
“The
study
gives
us
a
25．
(believe)
that
this
continuing
problem
of
single-use
plastics
can
26．
(solve)
in
the
near
future.”
She
added:
“Look
at
all
the
wasted
stuff
we
throw
away—clothing,
shoes,
electronics....We
are
taking
things
from
the
earth
at
a
27．
(fast)
rate
than
we
can
return
them.”
四、提纲类作文
28．（2021·江西九江·高二期末）2021年世界地球日主题为“修复我们的地球”。请以“Restore
Our
Earth”为题写一篇演讲稿。
内容要点：(1)
说明“修复我们的地球”的重要性；
(2)
对“修复我们的地球”提出行动建议。
注意：(1)词数100左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Restore
Our
Earth
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、七选五
DBECG
【大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在树林里散步或进行“森林浴”的诸多益处。
1．根据上文“In
Japan,
taking
a
walk
in
the
woods
or
“forest
bathing”
is
taken
very
seriously.
(在日本，在树林里散步或“森林浴”是非常严肃的事情)”和下文“The
secret
is
that
it
does
far
more
than
just
giving
you
some
exercise
and
a
bit
of
fresh
air.
(秘密是，它远不止给你一些锻炼和一点新鲜空气)”可知，此处起着承上启下的作用，内容与提问日本人在森林里行走时会有什么发现有关，选项D“What
have
the
Japanese
discovered
about
walking
in
a
forest
(日本人在森林里行走时发现了什么？)”符合题意。故选D。
2．根据下文“Not
surprisingly,
a
walk
in
the
woods
has
proven
to
be
more
of
an
attractive
activity
to
people
who
are
overweight
than
an
hour
in
a
gym.
(毫不奇怪，事实证明，对超重的人来说，在树林里散步比在健身房待一个小时更有吸引力)”可知，此处是本段主旨句，具有概括性，内容与在森林里行走可以帮助超重的人减肥有关，选项B“It
can
help
overweight
people
lose
weight.
(它可以帮助超重的人减肥)”符合题意。故选B。
3．根据上文“In
Japan,
researchers
had
one
group
of
subjects
take
a
walk
in
a
wooded
area
and
another
group
in
a
built
up
area.
(在日本，研究人员让一组受试者在树林中散步，另一组受试者在高楼林立的地区散步)”和下文“They
found
the
subjects
that
had
taken
a
walk
in
the
woods
had
significantly
lower
blood
pressure
than
those
who
had
walked
in
an
urban
area.
(他们发现，在树林中散步的受试者的血压明显低于在城市散步的受试者)”可知，此处承上启下，内容与对比散步回来的两组受试者的血压有关，选项E“Then
they
compared
their
blood
pressure
when
they
returned.
(当他们回来的时候，他们比较了他们的血压)”符合题意。故选E。
4．根据下文“In
one
study
carried
out
in
London,
it
was
found
that
people
who
lived
near
to
trees
had
much
better
mental
health.
(在伦敦进行的一项研究发现，住在树附近的人心理健康状况要好得多)”可知，此处内容与大城市的研究发现有关，且C
项中的in
studies
conducted
in
big
cities和空后面的In
one
study
carried
out
in
London内容相吻合，因此选项C“That
has
been
proven
in
studies
conducted
in
big
cities.
(在大城市进行的研究已经证明了这一点)”符合题意。故选C。
5．根据上文“Researchers
have
found
that,
children
who
play
in
wooded
areas
develop
better
cognitive
(认知的)
skills
and
are
better
equipped
to
be
able
to
assess
risks
and
dangers.
(研究人员发现，在树林里玩耍的孩子发展出更好的认知技能，也更有能力评估风险和危险)”可知，此处与上文是并列关系，内容与在树林里玩耍对孩子的好处有关，选项G“It
also,
of
course,
gives
children
a
better
appreciation
of
the
natural
world.
(当然，它也让孩子们更好地欣赏自然世界)”符合题意。故选G。
二、阅读理解
A篇：DDAB
【大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了在英国采用破坏草地种植树木来提高牧羊人收入及改善全球气候变化的方式带来的影响和作用。
6．细节理解题。由第一段“Sheep
farmers
can
profit
by
planting
trees
and
selling
carbon
credits,
according
to
a
new
study.
The
report
by
the
University
of
Sheffield,
published
in
the
journal
Environmental
Research,
suggests
that
farmers
with
more
than
60
acres
of
land
could
turn
a
profit
if
their
land
were
returned
to
forest
and
they
received

3
per
ton
of
CO2
captured.”（根据一项新的研究，牧羊人可以通过种植树木和销售碳信用来获利。谢菲尔德大学发表在环境研究杂志上的报告指出，如果拥有超过六十英亩土地的农民，把他们的土地改为森林，每捕获一顿二氧化碳就能获利3英镑）可知，这项研究主要表达的是，英国牧羊者用森林取代他们的草地而获得报酬。故选择D项。
7．推理判断题。由第二段“which
focuses
on
producing
‘public
goods’,
such
as
recovering
ecosystems,
flood
defenses
and
carbon
storage.
Carbon
credits
are
currently
being
sold
for

15
per
ton,
a
price
that
could
make
any
forest
size
profitable,
according
to
the
study.
The
research
also
suggests
that
if
the
UK
increased
its
tree
cover
from
8%
to
12%,
the
amount
of
carbon
emissions
captured
by
forests
would
increase
by
10%.”（它专注于生产公共产品，如，恢复生态系统，洪水防御和碳储存。碳信用额度目前正以每吨15英镑的价格出售。根据这项研究，这个价格可以使任何规模的森林都能盈利。研究还指出如果英国树木的覆盖率从8%提高到12%，森林捕获的碳排放量将增加10%）可推知，ELMS的主要目的是鼓励人们更多的种树，故选择D项。
8．推理判断题。由第三段“In
the
end,
these
come
down
to
political
questions
of
how
we
want
our
countryside
to
be
used,
how
we
value
livestock
production
over
the
global
costs
of
climate
breakdown
and
how
the
Government
supports
farmers
and
rural
communities.”（最后，这可以归结为政治问题，即我们如何利用我们的农村，如何重视牲畜生产而不是全球气候变化成本之上，以及政府如何支持农民和农村社区）可推知，科林·奥斯本在着重强调政府在这其中起到的作用。故选择A项。
9．推理判断题。由最后一段“I
appreciate
trees
as
much
as
anyone,
but
to
introduce
policies
to
destroy
grasslands
by
creating
forests
is
short-sighted
at
best.”（我和任何人一样重视树木，但是推广破坏草地来种植树木的政策是短视的）可推知，菲尔·斯托克认为破坏草地来种植树木是不明智的。故选择B项。
B篇：DABC
【大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了南极冰川消融的严峻形势，呼吁人类立即行动。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“By
the
end
of
this
month,
100
will
have
visited.
The
reason
is
simple:
Thwaites
now
is
a
potential
time
bomb”可知，将有更多的人前往思韦茨冰川，因为思韦茨冰川是一个潜在的定时炸弹；再结合第三段中的“While
it
has
been
lessening
since
the
early
1990s…enough
to
raise
seas
by
a
disastrous
3.3
metres
within
a
few
hundred
years
if
Thwaites
goes”可知，在过去的20年里思韦茨冰川融化的速度几乎翻倍，它的消融会使海平面上升，而且会导致南极西部冰原更广范围的坍塌，从而带来更大的危险。由此可推知，越来越多的人前往思韦茨冰川是为了了解它的融化情况。故选D项。
11．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“The
fear
is
that
it
will
cause
a
wider
collapse
of
the
ice
sheet
—
enough
to
raise
seas
by
a
disastrous
3.3
metres
within
a
few
hundred
years
if
Thwaites
goes”可知，思韦茨冰川如果消融，会导致南极西部冰原更广范围的树塌，这足以使海平面在几百年里上升3.3米，由这种连锁反应可知，思韦茨冰川“支撑”着整个南极西部冰原，它的消融对南极西部冰原有灾难性的影响，support与画线词意思相近。故选A项。
12．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“placing
instruments
into
the
ice
is
the
only
way
to
make
accurate
forecasts
of
how
sea
level
will
rise
in
the
future”可知，研究人员在冰上钻孔是为了放设备进去，从而能够准确预测未来海平面的上升情况。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据上文的内容可知，思韦茨冰川是一个潜在的定时炸弹，它的消融会带来连锁反应，使南极西部冰原坍塌，海平面大幅上升，从而影响全球环境和人类的生存。因此Joanne
Johnson
说“发生在南极洲的事情不只影响南极洲，人类承担不了继续等待的后果”是指，思韦茨的问题是全球性问题，人类无法承受这种影响。”故选C项。
C篇：BDCB
【大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色建筑的重要性以及向专业人士解释他们如何影响客户选择更环保的设计。
14．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Information
which
explains
and
promotes
green
and
sustainable
construction
design
strives
to
convince
others
of
its
effectiveness
and
warns
of
the
dangers
of
ignoring
the
issue.（解释和促进绿色和可持续建筑设计的信息努力说服他人其有效性，并警告忽视这一问题的危险。）”及全文可知，这篇文章的主要内容是向专业人士解释他们如何影响客户选择更环保的设计。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段“While
the
terms
green
and
sustainable
arc
often
considered
synonymous,
in
that
they
both
symbolize
nature,
green
does
not
include
all
that
is
meant
by
sustainability.（“绿色”和“可持续发展”通常被认为是同义的，因为它们都是自然的象征，绿色并不包括可持续发展的所有含义。）”可推断，第二段给出的绿色和可持续设计的例子表明，一些设计被称为绿色，即使它们不是可持续的。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据第三段“The
driving
force
behind
whether
a
building
is
constructed
with
minimal
environmental
impact
lies
with
the
owner
of
the
building;
that
is,
the
person
financing
the
project.（建筑对环境的影响是否最小，取决于建筑的所有者；也就是为项目提供资金的人。）”可知，缺乏绿色建筑设计的原因是公司不能决定建筑是否要可持续地建造。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In
some
cases,
an
owner
may
be
aware
of
the
latest
trends
in
sustainable
building
design.（在某些情况下，业主可能了解可持续建筑设计的最新趋势。）”可知，调试过程并不是所有客户在建造建筑时都要经历的一个阶段。故选B。
三、语法填空
18．a
19．to
cut
20．which
21．Compared
22．naturally
23．using
24．to
25．belief
26．be
solved
27．faster
【大意】这是一篇说明文。文章通过引入塑料污染带来的危害，进而谈到解决塑料污染的解决方法。
1.考查冠词。句意：塑料污染了乡村，几十年来对野生动物一直是一个威胁。threat“威胁”为可数名词，此处泛指“一个威胁”，threat以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.考查动词不定式。句意：在上个世纪左右，环保主义者敦促我们减少塑料的使用量，或者回收塑料袋。短语：urge
sb.
to
do.，意为“敦促某人做某事”，结合设空前urge，所以此处填动词不定式。故填to
cut。
3.考查定语从句。句意：最近，科学家们发明了一种生物可分解塑胶，这意味着我们每天扔掉的数十亿塑料袋、杯子、吸管等都可以回收利用。分析句子可知，设空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，设空处在句中作主语，指代整个主句，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
4.考查过去分词。句意：与普通塑料相比，它们可以像有机废物一样自然分解。分析可知，本句已有谓语could
break
down且无连词，动词compare用非谓语形式，句子主语they与动词compare为动宾关系，所以空白处要用过去分词作状语，因处于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填Compared。
5.考查副词。句意：与普通塑料相比，它们可以像有机废物一样自然分解。短语：break
down“分解”为动词短语，分析可知，空白处在句中修饰break
down，所以要用副词naturally。故填naturally。
6.考查现在分词。句意：它们可以在几周内完成，只需要热量和水。分析可知，本句已有谓语could
do且无连词，动词use用非谓语形式，句子主语they与use为主谓关系，所以设空处用现在分词作状语。故填using。
7.考查介词。句意：当这些酶暴露在热量和水中时，它们会吃掉塑料，把塑料变成土壤的“食物”。短语：be
exposed
to
sth.，意为“某物被暴露于某物”，根据设空前are
exposed可知，所以此处用介词to。故填to。
8.考查名词。句意：她说：“这项研究使我们相信，这个持续存在的一次性塑料问题可以在不久的将来得到解决。”根据设空前不定冠词a可知，空白处要用单数可数名词作宾语。belief“信念，信仰”为可数名词。故填belief。
9.考查语态。句意：她说：“这项研究使我们相信，这个持续存在的一次性塑料问题可以在不久的将来得到解决。”分析可知，设空处在同位语从句中作谓语，从句主语
this
continuing
problem
of
single-use
plastics与从句谓语动词solve为动宾关系，所以此处要用被动语态。根据设空前情态动词can，从句谓语用can
be
done形式。故填be
solved。
10.考查比较级。句意：她补充说：“看看我们扔掉的所有废弃物，衣服，鞋子，电子产品等，我们从地球上拿走的东西比我们返回给它的要快。”根据设空后的比较级的标志than可知，设空处要用形容词比较级faster作定语，修饰名词rate。故填faster。
四、提纲类作文
Restore
Our
Earth
With
an
increasing
number
of
disasters
taking
place
and
infectious
diseases
spreading
around
the
globe,
it
is
time
to
consider
how
to
reduce
them
seriously.
In
my
opinion,
restoring
our
earth
is
a
vital
part
of
cutting
down
destructive
disasters.
But
why
and
how
to
accomplish
it
As
we
know,
it
is
apparently
human
activities
that
destroy
nature
in
a
profound
way
causing
disasters
and
diseases.
Therefore,
while
tackling
global
crises
requires
the
joint
efforts,
it
is
a
bounden
duty
for
everyone
to
take
action
to
solve
this
problem.
Personally,
first,
we
should
reduce
using
everyday
items
made
of
materials
that
may
result
in
pollution,
such
as
paper
or
plastic
bags.
Instead,
we
can
use
bags
made
of
cloth
repeatedly.
Second,
we
should
help
cut
down
greenhouse
gas
emission
by
going
to
school
or
work
by
bike
or
public
transportation
instead
of
driving
car
all
the
time.
Third,
we
can
save
energy
or
resources
by
turning
off
electric
appliance
like
air
conditioners
or
lights
if
not
necessary
no
matter
we
are
in
public
places
or
at
home.
Only
by
joint
efforts
of
every
single
person
can
we
contribute
to
restoring
our
earth.
So,
let’s
move.
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