2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然：环境污染（含答案与解析）

2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然
环境污染
一、七选五
（2021·安徽宿州·）
Many
people
have
realized
that
air
pollution
can
cause
damage
to
people’s
health.1．Air
pollution
can
affect
an
animal’s
health.
Make
yourself
know
of
the
types
of
air
pollution
and
discover
ways
how
you
can
help
your
pets.
How
does
pollution
affect
animals？
All
animals,
whatever
their
size,
can
be
affected
by
pollution.
Experts
agree
that
pollution
affects
animals
in
the
same
way
as
it
does
humans.2．Not
only
do
animals
breathe
in
harmful
gases
from
pollution,
but
pollutants
(污染物)
are
also
absorbed
through
the
skin
and
come
from
food
and
water.
Types
of
air
pollution.
3．And
it’s
important
to
get
familiar
with
air
pollution
that
affects
the
health
of
both
animals
and
humans.
Acid
Rain
(酸雨)—When
water
drops
in
clouds
combine
with
acidic
air
pollutants,
the
water
turns
acidic.4．
Global
Warming—The
planet
is
warming
due
to
greenhouses
gases,
which
include
carbon
dioxide,
methane,
and
water
vapor.
These
gases
are
released
into
the
atmosphere
from
air
pollution.
5．
You
can
keep
the
pets
in
your
home
safe
from
air
pollutants
by
keeping
fresh
air
entering
your
room
and
purifying
(净化)
air
with
equipment.
Unfortunately,
this
doesn’t
protect
wildlife,
but
it’s
a
step
in
the
right
direction
to
protect
your
beloved
pet’s
health.
Besides,
you
should
also
use
less
energy,
reuse
and
recycle
as
much
as
possible.
A．How
to
help
protect
animals？
B．Useful
equipment
to
protect
wildlife.
C．Air
pollution
is
a
major
global
concern.
D．However,
most
don’t
realize
the
pollution
can
affect
animals.
E.Global
Warming
impacts
the
health
of
both
animals
and
humans.
F.Once
the
water
drops
down,
acid
rain
causes
damage
to
the
environment.
G.The
pollutants
that
animals
breathe
in
can
be
collected
in
their
tissues
(组织)
over
time.
阅读理解
A
（2021·河北张家口·）
Jake
Oldershaw
and
his
daughter
Mollie
from
Birmingham,
Britain
have
asthma
(哮喘).
Mollie,
11,
has
required
hospital
treatment
several
times
while
Jake
Says
he
always
finds
breathing
more
difficult
when
there
is
heavy
traffic.
Air
quality
has
an
enormous
impact
on
their
lives
and
both
noticed
a
marked
improvement
during
the
spring
lockdown
because
of
the
epidemic
(疫情).
Jake
said,
“During
lockdown
there
was
a
noticeable
difference
in
air
quality.
I
didn't
suffer
any
asthmatic
attacks
during
that
period.
These
days
you
can
feel
the
effects.”
However,
under
current
COVID-19
restrictions
in
the
UK
this
winter,
many
people
probably
will
have
to
work
from
home.
The
Energy
and
Climate
Intelligence
Unit
(ECIU)
says
while
emissions
(排放)
have
dropped
this
year
because
we've
been
travelling
less
and
doing
less,
the
expected
use
of
gas
boilers
to
provide
heating
and
hot
water
could
rise
by
more
than
half.
Heating
accounts
for
nearly
37%
of
the
UK's
total
carbon
emissions.
Modelling
by
the
ECIU
suggests
a
56%
increase
in
boiler
usage
this
winter
resulting
in
a
12%
increase
in
emissions
of
carbon.
The
ECIU
says
that's
enough
to
offset
the
last
two
years'
worth
of
progress
on
reducing
traffic
emissions.
Jess
Ralston,
author
of
the
analysis
for
the
ECIU,
said,
“Working
from
home
and
having
increased
gas
use
in
the
home
could
be
really
critical
for
air
pollution
and
also
climate
change.
The
way
we
heat
our
homes
needs
to
change
if
we
are
to
get
to
net
zero
by
2050.”
Jess
Ralston
said,
“The
increase
in
pollution
from
gas
boilers
expected
this
winter
provides
a
graphic
illustration
(图解)
of
their
forgotten
role
in
air
pollution.
And
it
is
a
role
set
to
continue
without
practical
policies
to
decarbonize
home
heating.
”
The
government
is
set
to
publish
its
Heat
and
Buildings
Decarbonisation
Strategy
in
a
few
weeks
which
is
expected
to
give
details
on
plans
to
try
to
switch
British
homes
to
cleaner
sources
of
heat.
6．How
did
the
spring
lockdown
in
the
UK
affect
Jake
A．He
was
cured
of
his
asthma.
B．He
had
to
go
to
hospital
for
retreatment.
C．He
suffered
a
noticeable
difficulty
in
study.
D．He
didn't
suffer
any
asthmatic
attacks
during
that
period.
7．What
is
concerning
the
Energy
and
Climate
Intelligence
Unit
A．The
epidemic
will
become
worse.
B．Air
pollution
will
get
worse
this
winter.
C．People
may
have
to
work
from
home
longer.
D．There
is
less
energy
for
gas
boilers
in
winter.
8．What
would
Jess
Ralston
agree
with
A．People
prefer
to
work
from
home
in
winter.
B．The
government
failed
to
protect
the
environment.
C．People
tend
to
ignore
the
harmful
effect
of
home
heating.
D．The
climate
has
suffered
a
lot
from
the
epidemic
this
year.
9．How
to
improve
air
quality
during
winter
according
to
Jess
Ralston
A．A
warmer
winter
season.
B．Less
and
less
gas
boilers.
C．Practical
plans
from
the
government.
D．Improved
awareness
of
cutting
down
pollution.
B
（2021·沙坪坝·重庆南开中学）
The
measurable
threat
to
the
environment
has
been
worsened
by
the
spread
of
COVID-19
that
increases
the
need
for
plastic
protective
equipment.
Most
plastic
is
made
from
fossil
fuels.
Millions
of
tons
of
greenhouse
gas
are
released
from
the
development
of
these
resources
and
plastic
production
and
burning.
The
end
life
of
plastic
is
just
worrisome.
Less
than
10%
of
the
plastic
produced
has
been
recycled.
Even
more
of
it
has
been
burned.
But
the
vast
majority
of
plastic
has
been
buried
inland,
and
it
is
increasingly
polluting
the
environment.
We
hear
mostly
about
ocean
plastic
and
the
harm
done
to
sea
creatures
that
mistake
plastic
bags
and
bits
for
food.
But
microplastic
is
even
more
worrisome.
Plastic
doesn't
break
down
biologically
but
instead
breaks
down
into
tiny
particles（a
very
small
piece
of
something）,
which
have
been
found
in
every
corner
of
the
planet,
on
land
and
in
the
air,
in
drinking
water
and
food
sources.
Yet
the
public
has
not
given
this
global
environmental
disaster
the
attention
it
requires.
Instead,
they
have
viewed
single-use
plastic—which
makes
up
about
40%
of
plastic
used
each
year—as
a
litter
issue
that
can
be
solved
through
better
recycling
and
waste
management.
That
attitude
must
change
because
the
recent
global
breakdown
of
the
market
for
recycling
has
made
it
clear
that
it
has
never
been,
nor
ever
will
be,
able
to
keep
up
with
plastic
trash
use.
California
has
been
the
forerunner
of
plastic
waste
reduction—it
was
the
first
state
to
ban
single-use
plastic
bags
and
may
be
the
first
state
to
transform
the
way
goods
are
packaged.
The
state
also
came
close
to
passing
an
act
which
would
have
required
that
products
sold
in
plastic
packaging
in
the
state
have
a
proven
recycling
rate
of
75%
by
2032.
California,
though
influential,
can't
solve
this
crisis
alone.
The
US
has
long
been
producing
a
great
amount
of
plastic
trash
and
it
should
engage
in
reducing
the
use
of
plastic
as
well.
10．Why
does
the
author
mention
the
release
of
greenhouse
gas
in
paragraph
1
A．To
show
the
harm
of
plastic
B．To
warn
of
the
climate
change.
C．To
call
for
the
development
of
fossil
fuels.
D．To
highlight
the
importance
of
plastic
equipment.
11．What's
the
author's
attitude
towards
the
public
opinion
on
single-use
plastic
A．Favorable.
B．Tolerant.
C．Curious.
D．Opposed.
12．What's
California's
role
in
reducing
plastic
waste
A．A
pioneer.
B．A
failure.
C．An
objector.
D．A
predictor.
13．What
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text
A．Microplastic
Products
Are
Harmful
B．Waste
Recycling
Is
an
Urgent
Matter
C．Plastic
Waste
Pollution
Is
a
Wake-up
Call
D．Global
Environmental
Disasters
Are
Increasing
C
（2021·辽宁抚顺一中高二开学考试）
The
World
Health
Organization
warns
that
millions
of
people
are
dying
every
year
from
indoor
air
pollution.
Nearly
three
billion
people
are
unable
to
use
clean
fuels
and
technologies
for
cooking,
heating
as
well
as
lighting.
These
findings
show
that
the
use
of
deadly
fuels
in
inefficient
stoves,
space
heaters
or
lights
is
to
blame
for
many
of
these
deaths.
WHO
officials
say
indoor
pollution
leads
to
early
deaths
from
stroke,
heart
and
lung
disease,
childhood
pneumonia
and
lung
cancer.
Women
and
girls
are
the
main
victims.
These
diseases
can
often
result
from
the
burning
of
solid
fuels.
These
fuels
include
wood,
coal,
animal
waste,
crop
waste
and
charcoal.
The
United
Nations
found
that
more
than
95
percent
of
households
in
sub-Saharan
Africa
depend
on
solid
fuels
for
cooking.
It
says
huge
populations
in
India,
China
and
Latin
American
countries,
such
as
Guatermala
and
Peru,are
also
at
risk.
Nigel
Brace
is
a
professor
of
Public
Health
at
the
University
of
Liverpool.
He
says
researchers
are
developing
good
cook-stoves
and
other
equipment
to
burn
fuels
in
a
more
efficient
way.There
are
already
multiple
technologies
available
for
use
in
clean
fuels.There
is
really
quite
an
effective
and
reasonably
low-cost
alcohol
stove
made
by
Dometic
(a
Sweden-based
company)
that
is
now
being
tested
out.
LPG
(Liquefield
Petroleum
Gas)
cook
is
obviously
widely
available
and
efforts
are
under
way
to
make
those
efficient.
Another
interesting
development
is
electric
induction
stoves.
WHO
experts
note
that
some
new,
safe
and
low-cost
technologies
that
could
help
are
already
available.
In
India,
you
can
buy
an
induction
stove
for
about
$8.00.
And
in
Africa
you
can
buy
a
solar
lamp
for
less
than
$1.00.
But
this,the
agency
says,
is
just
a
start.
It
is
urging
developing
countries
to
use
cleaner
fuels
and
increase
access
to
cleaner
and
more
modern
cooking
and
heating
appliances/devices.
14．What
does
the
indoor
pollution
mainly
result
from
A．Poisonous
fuels.
B．High
technology.
C．Space
heaters.
D．Solar
energy.
15．How
is
Paragraph
3
mainly
developed
A．By
showing
differences.
B．By
describing
a
process.
C．By
making
a
list.
D．By
analyzing
data.
16．What
can
we
infer
from
the
passage
A．Indoor
pollution
results
in
some
deaths.
B．Most
of
the
deaths
are
in
developing
countries.
C．The
solid
fuels
are
used
in
more
effective
ways.
D．There
is
no
indoor
pollution
in
developed
countries.
17．Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage
A．LPG
cooks
are
being
tested
out.
B．Alcohol
stoves
are
widely
used
now.
C．Electric
induction
stoves
are
expensive.
D．Solar
lamps
are
very
cheap
in
Africa.
三、语法填空
（2021·上海高一单元测试）Directions:
After
reading
the
passages
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank
NOW
he
has
a
new
computer,
Mike
is
wondering
what
will
happen
to
the
old
one.
Well,
after
18．(break)
down
into
small
pieces,
it
was
sent
to
China
by
ship.
Things
like
this
happen
every
day.
Last
month
Hong
Kong
officers
found
131,000
kilograms
of
broken
computers,
TVs
and
phones.
They
19．(send)
to
china
illegally.
This
batch
of
e-waste
was
sent
back
to
Japan,
but
sometimes
e-waste
gets
through.
Computers
20．(fill)
with
dangerous
poisons
like
mercury
(水银)
and
lead
(铅).
Every
time
an
old
computer
breaks
down,
it
needs
21．
(deal)
with
safely.
Usually
computer
parts
are
buried.
E-waste
is
a
problem.
Countries
like
Japan
and
the
US
often
send
their
e-waste
to
China.
For
years,
Guiyu
in
Guangdong
Province
22．(describe)
as
“the
e-waste
capital
of
the
world”.
The
city
has
to
deal
with
1.5
million
kilograms
of
e-waste
each
year.
This
earns
$75
million,
23．
it
comes
at
a
cost.
Many
of
the
poisons
in
e-waste
find
their
way
24．
the
environment.
Plastic
is
burned
outdoors
and
acids
are
poured
into
rivers.
Greenpeace,
an
environmental
group,
has
said
that
it
has
found
the
earth
and
rivers
of
Guiyu
badly
25．
(pollute).
Fortunately,
laws
about
waste
recycling
26．(make)
to
solve
the
problem,
After
all,
the
government
wants
the
country
to
develop,
but
in
a
way
27．
doesn’t
damage
the
environment
and
people’s
lives.
四、提纲类作文
（2020·江苏苏州市·）假设你是李华，你的英国第友Bill来信询问你家乡是否有雾霾天气。请按下列要点写一封电子邮件：
1.感谢他的关心；
2.介绍情况：
(1)自去年冬天以来已经发生数次雾霾天气；
(2)人们已经认识到雾霾天气的危害，正采取各种措施减少其发生；
(3)你自己为此做了什么或打算做什么。
注意：1.词：80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：haze雾霾
environment
环境poisonous
有毒的mook
口罩measure
措施
Dear
Bill,
I'
m
glad
to
receive
your
letter.
Thank
you
for
caring
for
my
health
and
the
weather
here.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your,
Li
Hua
参考答案
一、七选五
DGCFA
【大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了空气污染不仅会损害人类的健康，也会影响动物的健康，并介绍了一些保护动物免受空气污染影响的方法。
1．根据空格前句“Many
people
have
realized
that
air
pollution
can
cause
damage
to
people’s
health.
(许多人已经意识到空气污染会损害人们的健康。)”和空格后句“Air
pollution
can
affect
an
animal’s
health.
(空气污染会影响动物的健康。)”可知，本段介绍了空气污染不仅会损害人类的健康，也会影响动物的健康。D项意为“然而，大多数人没有意识到污染会影响动物。”选项内容能够引起下文，引出文章主题，告诉我们污染也会影响动物的健康。故选D。
2．根据空格后句“Not
only
do
animals
breathe
in
harmful
gases
from
pollution,
but
pollutants
(污染物)
are
also
absorbed
through
the
skin
and
come
from
food
and
water.
(动物不仅会吸入污染产生的有害气体，而且污染物也会通过皮肤吸收，来自食物和水。)”可知，本段介绍了污染是如何影响动物的。G项意为“随着时间的推移，动物吸入的污染物会被收集在它们的组织中。”选项内容符合段落主旨，介绍了污染影响动物的方式，动物会吸入污染物，且能引起下文，选项中的“The
pollutants
that
animals
breathe
in”和下文的“Not
only
do
animals
breathe
in
harmful
gases
from
pollution”相呼应。故选G。
3．根据段落主旨句“Types
of
air
pollution.
(空气污染的类型。)”和空格后句“And
it’s
important
to
get
familiar
with
air
pollution
that
affects
the
health
of
both
animals
and
humans.
(熟悉影响动物和人类健康的空气污染也很重要。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是空气污染的类型。C项意为“空气污染是全球关注的主要问题。”选项内容符合段落主旨，介绍了空气污染是全球关注的主要问题，选项中的“Air
pollution”和下文的“air
pollution”相呼应。故选C。
4．根据空格前句“Acid
Rain
(酸雨)—When
water
drops
in
clouds
combine
with
acidic
air
pollutants,
the
water
turns
acidic.
(酸雨——当云中的水滴与酸性空气污染物结合时，水变成了酸性。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是空气污染中的酸雨形成的原因。F项意为“一旦降水，酸雨就会对环境造成破坏。”选项内容能够承接上文，介绍了酸雨对环境的危害，选项中的“acid
rain”和上文的“Acid
Rain”相呼应。故选F。
5．空格处为段落主旨句，根据下文“You
can
keep
the
pets
in
your
home
safe
from
air
pollutants
by
keeping
fresh
air
entering
your
room
and
purifying
(净化)
air
with
equipment.
(你可以通过保持新鲜空气进入你的房间并用设备净化空气来保护家中的宠物免受空气污染物的影响。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是如何保护家中的宠物免受空气污染物的影响。A项意为“如何帮助保护动物”，选项内容能够概括段落主旨，下文的“pets”和“wildlife”都是对选项中“animals”的举例。故选A。
二、阅读理解
A篇：DBCC
【大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了因疫情影响，冬季采暖可能会使空气质量变得更差。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段中“During
lockdown
there
was
a
noticeable
difference
in
air
quality.
I
didn’t
suffer
any
asthmatic
attacks
during
that
period.
These
days
you
can
feel
the
effects.（在封城期间，空气质量有明显不同。在那段时间里，我没有遭受任何哮喘发作。现在你也可以感觉到效果）”可知，杰克，在封城期间，哮喘没有发作，故选择D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The
Energy
and
Climate
Intelligence
Unit
(ECIU)
says
while
emissions
(排放)
have
dropped
this
year
because
we’ve
been
travelling
less
and
doing
less,
the
expected
use
of
gas
boilers
to
provide
heating
and
hot
water
could
rise
by
more
than
half.（能源和气候情报部门表示，虽然今年的排放量减少了，因为我们的出行减少了，活动减少了，但预计使用天然气锅炉提供供暖和热水的情况可能会增加一半以上）”可知，由于这些原因的影响，今年冬天的空气污染可能会加重，故选择B项。
8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The
increase
in
pollution
from
gas
boilers
expected
this
winter
provides
a
graphic
illustration
(图解)
of
their
forgotten
role
in
air
pollution.（预计今年冬天燃气锅炉的污染将会增加，这生动地说明了它们在空气污染中被遗忘的作用）”可知，人们容易忽视家庭供暖的有害影响。故选择C项。
9．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“And
it
is
a
role
set
to
continue
without
practical
policies
to
decarbonize
home
heating.（在没有可行的家庭供暖脱碳的政策的情况下，它将继续发挥它的作用）”可知，想要改善空气质量，需要政府出台可行的政策，故选择C项。
B篇：ADAC
【大意】本文是一篇说明文。塑料垃圾污染警钟敲响。治理塑料垃圾污染不能仅靠垃圾回收处理，还需要从根本上引导人们少用一次性塑料制品。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most
plastic
is
made
from
fossil
fuels.
Millions
of
tons
of
greenhouse
gas
are
released
from
the
development
of
these
resources
and
plastic
production
and
burning.（大多数塑料是由化石燃料制成的。这些资源的开发以及塑料的生产和燃烧释放了数百万吨温室气体。）”和第二段“The
end
life
of
plastic
is
just
worrisome.
Less
than
10%
of
the
plastic
produced
has
been
recycled.
Even
more
of
it
has
been
burned.
But
the
vast
majority
of
plastic
has
been
buried
inland,
and
it
is
increasingly
polluting
the
environment.（塑料的终结令人担忧。生产的塑料只有不到10%被回收。更多的土地被烧毁。但绝大多数塑料被埋在内陆，对环境的污染越来越严重。）”可知，作者提到温室气体的排放是为了呈现塑料的危害。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“That
attitude
must
change
because
the
recent
global
breakdown
of
the
market
for
recycling
has
made
it
clear
that
it
has
never
been,
nor
ever
will
be,
able
to
keep
up
with
plastic
trash
use.（这种态度必须改变，因为最近全球回收市场的崩溃表明，它从来没有，也永远不会跟上塑料垃圾的使用。）”可推断，作者对大众处理一次性塑料垃圾的看法是持反对态度的。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“California
has
been
the
forerunner
of
plastic
waste
reduction—it
was
the
first
state
to
ban
single-use
plastic
bags
and
may
be
the
first
state
to
transform
the
way
goods
are
packaged.（加利福尼亚一直是减少塑料垃圾的先驱——它是第一个禁止一次性塑料袋的州，可能也是第一个改变商品包装方式的州。）”可推断，加利福尼亚在减少塑料垃圾方面扮演了先锋角色。故选A。
13．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，塑料垃圾污染警钟敲响。治理塑料垃圾污染不能仅靠垃圾回收处理，还需要从根本上引导人们少用一次性塑料制品。所以“Plastic
Waste
Pollution
Is
a
Wake-up
Call塑料垃圾污染警钟敲响)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
C篇：ACBD
【大意】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织警告称，每年有数百万人死于室内空气污染。近30亿人无法使用清洁燃料和技术来做饭、取暖和照明。文章说明了室内污染导致死亡的主要原因、引发疾病以及应对措施等。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“These
findings
show
that
the
use
of
deadly
fuels
in
inefficient
stoves,
space
heaters
or
lights
is
to
blame
for
many
of
these
deaths.(这些发现表明，在低效的炉子、空间加热器或照明中使用致命燃料是造成许多死亡的原因)”可知，室内污染的主要原因是有毒燃料。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段“WHO
officials
say
indoor
pollution
leads
to
early
deaths
from
stroke,
heart
and
lung
disease,
childhood
pneumonia
and
lung
cancer.
Women
and
girls
are
the
main
victims.
These
diseases
can
often
result
from
the
burning
of
solid
fuels.
These
fuels
include
wood,
coal,
animal
waste,
crop
waste
and
charcoal.(世卫组织官员说，室内污染会导致中风、心脏病和肺病、儿童肺炎和肺癌等疾病的过早死亡。妇女和女童是主要受害者。这些疾病往往是由燃烧固体燃料引起的。这些燃料包括木材、煤炭、动物粪便、作物粪便和木炭)”可推知，第三段主要是通过列举来展开的。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据第四段“The
United
Nations
found
that
more
than
95
percent
of
households
in
sub-Saharan
Africa
depend
on
solid
fuels
for
cooking.
It
says
huge
populations
in
India,
China
and
Latin
American
countries,
such
as
Guatermala
and
Peru,are
also
at
risk.(联合国发现，撒哈拉以南非洲地区超过95%的家庭依靠固体燃料做饭。该组织说，印度、中国以及危地马拉和秘鲁等拉美国家的大量人口也面临风险)”可推知，大多数死亡发生在发展中国家。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And
in
Africa
you
can
buy
a
solar
lamp
for
less
than
$1.00.(在非洲，你花不到1美元就能买到一盏太阳能灯)”可知，D选项“太阳能灯在非洲很便宜”正确。故选D。
三、语法填空
18．being
broken
19．had
been
sent
20．are
filled
21．to
be
dealt/dealing
22．is
described/has
been
described
23．but
24．into
25．polluted
26．are
being
made
27．that/which
【大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电子垃圾是个问题，像日本和美国这样的国家经常把他们的电子垃圾发送到中国。多年来，广东省贵屿被称为“世界电子垃圾之都”。环保组织绿色和平组织表示，贵屿的土地和河流受到严重污染。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在被分解成小块之后，它被船运到中国。after
介词后接动名词作宾语，且break
与it构成被动关系，故用being
done形式。故填being
broken。
19．考查时态语态。句意：他们被非法送到中国。根据上文内容可知，此处表示过去的过去应用过去完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had
been
sent。
20．考查时态语态。句意：电脑充满了危险的有毒物质，如汞和铅。陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数名词Computers，谓语用复数。故填are
filled。
21．考查非谓语动词。句意：每次旧电脑坏了，都需要安全处理。结合句意表示“某物需要做……”可知短语为sth.
need
doing/to
be
done。故填to
be
dealt/dealing。
22．考查时态语态。句意：多年来，广东省贵屿被称为“世界电子垃圾之都”。根据时间状语for
years可知可用现在完成时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态；也可用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为Guiyu，谓语用单数。故填is
described/has
been
described。
23．考查连词。句意：这可以赚到7500万美元，但这是有代价的。上文提到可以赚到7500万美元，后文提到有代价，前后存在转折关系应用连词but。故填but。
24．考查介词。句意：电子垃圾中的许多有毒物质会想方设法进入环境。结合句意表示“进入……”可知短语为find
one’s
way
into。故填into。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：环保组织绿色和平组织表示，贵屿的土地和河流受到严重污染。此处为find+宾语+宾补结构，且the
earth
and
rivers
和pollute
之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填polluted。
26．考查时态语态。句意：幸运的是，有关废物回收的法律正在制定来解决这个问题。此处陈述目前一段时间内发生的动作，应用现在进行时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，可知应填现在进行时的被动语态，主语为laws，谓语用复数。故填are
being
made。
27．考查定语从句。句意：毕竟，政府希望国家发展，但是以一种不破坏环境和人民生活的方式。此处为定语从句修饰先行词way，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/
which。
四、提纲类作文
Dear
Bill
I’m
glad
to
receive
your
letter.
Thank
you
for
your
caring
for
my
health
and
the
weather
here.
Now
I’d
like
to
tell
you
something
about
the
haze.
Since
the
winter
last
year
the
haze
has
occurred
a
lot
of
times
which
has
done
great
harm
to
our
daily
life.
Many
traffic
accidents
happened
just
because
of
the
heavy
haze
weather.
Quite
a
lot
of
flights
have
to
be
put
off
and
a
great
number
of
people
have
to
stay
at
home
for
fear
of
the
poisonous
air
caused
by
the
haze.
Therefore,
people
have
realized
the
great
harm
caused
by
the
haze
and
the
importance
of
protecting
the
environment.
People
all
over
the
country
are
taking
measures
to
reduce
the
haze
weather.
People
are
suggested
to
go
to
work
or
school
with
the
public
traffic
such
as
the
bus
and
the
subway.
As
for
me
I
will
go
to
school
by
bike
or
on
foot
and
I
won’t
throw
the
waste
anywhere.
In
addition
I
will
tell
the
people
I
meet
to
protect
the
environment
as
possible
as
they
can.
Would
you
like
to
tell
me
some
good
ideas
I’m
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours,
Li
Hua
【解题步骤】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在完成时,少量一般过去时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.感谢他的关心；
2.介绍情况：
(1)自去年冬天以来已经发生数次雾霾天气；
(2)人们已经认识到雾霾天气的危害，正采取各种措施减少其发生；
(3)你自己为此做了什么或打算做什么。
第二步：列提纲
（重点词组）
care
for;
tell
about;
occur
a
lot
of
times;
do
harm
to;
put
off;
stay
at
home;
realize
the
great
harm;
protect
the
environment;
take
measures
to;
as
for;
on
foot
第三步：连词成句
1.
Thank
you
for
your
caring
for
my
health
and
the
weather
here.
2.
Since
the
winter
last
year
the
haze
has
occurred
a
lot
of
times
which
has
done
great
harm
to
our
daily
life.
3.
People
have
realized
the
great
harm
caused
by
the
haze
and
the
importance
of
protecting
the
environment.
4.
As
for
me
I
will
go
to
school
by
bike
or
on
foot
and
I
won’t
throw
the
waste
anywhere.
5.
Would
you
like
to
tell
me
some
good
ideas
6.
I’m
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：Firstly,
Secondly,
Finally（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：In
addition,
and
3.表转折对比关系：As
for
4.表因果关系：because
of,
Therefore
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【高分句型】
[高分句型1]
Since
the
winter
last
year
the
haze
has
occurred
a
lot
of
times
which
has
done
great
harm
to
our
daily
life.（which引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]
Therefore,
people
have
realized
the
great
harm
caused
by
the
haze
and
the
importance
of
protecting
the
environment.（过去分词作定语）
[高分句型3]
As
for
me
I
will
go
to
school
by
bike
or
on
foot
and
I
won’t
throw
the
waste
anywhere.（and连接的并列句）
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