必修三Unit4
Space
Exploration
课前自主预习
【教材词汇要记牢】
阅读单词——我会认
1．procedure
n．程序；步骤；手续
2．cm
abbr.(centimetre
or
centimeter)
厘米
3．rocket
n．火箭；火箭弹
4．gravity
n．重力；引力
5．frontier
n．边境；国界；边远地区
6．vehicle
n．交通工具；车辆
7．satellite
n．人造卫星；卫星
8．orbit
n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.&
vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
9．giant
adj.巨大的；伟大的
n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
10．leap
n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/lept/or
leaped，leaped)vi.&
vt.跳过；跃过
11．agency
n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
12．transmit
vt.&
vi.传输；发送
13．data
n．[pl.]资料；数据
14．ongoing
adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
15．spacecraft
n．航天器；宇宙飞船
16．spacewalk
n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
17．jade
n．玉；翡翠；玉器
18．dock
vi.&
vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港
n．码头；船坞
19．sufficient
adj.足够的；充足的
20．microwave
n．(also
microwave
oven)
微波炉
21．tissue
n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
22．facility
n．设施；设备
23．fatal
adj.致命的；灾难性的
24．high-end
adj.高端的
25．foam
n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
26．pillow
n．枕头
27．mystery
n．神秘事物；谜
28．oxygen
n．氧；氧气
29．the
USSR
abbr.the
Union
of
Soviet
Socialist
Republics苏联
30．NASA
abbr.National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration(美国)国家航空与航天局
31．the
International
Space
Station国际空间站
32．Mars
n．火星
33．Jupiter
n．木星
(二）.重点单词——我会写
1．astronaut
n．宇航员；太空人
2．mental
adj.精神的；思想的
3．universe
n．宇宙；天地万物
4．launch
vt.&
n．发射；发起；上市
5．mankind
n．人类
6．signal
vt.&
vi.标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志
7．recycle
vt.回收利用；再利用
8．muscle
n．肌肉；实力；影响力
9．float
vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt.使浮动；使漂流
10．otherwise
adv.否则；要不然
11．beyond
prep.在更远处；超出
12．soap
n．肥皂
13．towel
n．毛巾；抹布
14．keen
adj.热衷的；渴望的
15．globe
n．地球；世界；地球仪
16．shallow
adj.肤浅的；浅的
17．pattern
n．模式；图案；模范
18．monitor
n．监视器；监测仪
vt.监视；监测；监控
19．smartphone
n．智能手机
20．resource
n．资源；财力；物力
21．attach
vt.系；绑；贴
（三）.拓展单词——我会变
1．intelligent
adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence
n．智慧
2．determine
vt.查明；确定；决定→determined
adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determination
n．决心；果断
3．disappoint
vt.使失望→disappointed
adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing
adj.令人失望的→disappointment
n．失望；沮丧
4．desire
n．渴望；欲望
vt.渴望；期望→desired
adj.渴望的，想要的
5．depend
vi.依靠→independent
adj.独立的；自立的→independently
adv独立地；自立地→independence
n．独立；自立
6．lack
vt.缺乏；没有
n．缺乏；短缺→lacking
adj.缺乏的；不足的
7．argue
vt.&
vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument
n．争论；争吵；论点
8．analysis
n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e
v．分析
9．regular
adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly
adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
10．limit
vt.&
n．限制→limited
adj.有限的→limitless
adj.无限的
(四）.核心短语
1．carry
on继续做，坚持干
2．on
board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in
the
hope
of
doing
sth.抱着……的希望
4．so
as
to
(do
sth.)为了；以便
5．figure
out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result
in导致；造成
7．as
a
result所以；结果(是)
8．provide
sth
for
sb.提供生活所需
9．in
closing最后
10.
run
out用完；耗尽
【高频词汇来助力】
1．credit
n．信用；赞扬；学分
2．criminal
n．罪犯；犯人
3．currency
n．货币；通货
4．customs
n．海关；关税
5．database
n．资料库，数据库
6．deadline
n．最后期限，截止日期
经典句式需悟通
1．Afterwards，the
USSR
focused
on
sending
people
into
space，and
on
12
April
1961，Yuri
Gagarin
became
the
first
person
in
the
world
to
go
into
space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2．These
disasters
made
everyone
sad
and
disappointed，but
the
desire
to
explore
the
universe
never
died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。
3．Despite
the
difficulties，scientists
hope
future
discoveries
will
not
only
enable
us
to
understand
how
the
universe
began，but
also
help
us
survive
well
into
the
future.
尽管有许多困难，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，而且还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。
4．Astronauts
have
to
use
tape
to
stick
everything
down
while
working
in
space
because
everything
would
float
off
otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
5．Sending
people
to
other
planets
or
even
beyond
the
solar
system
is
not
an
easy
goal
to
achieve.
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
【过关检测】
单词拼写
(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)
1．Could
you
tell
me
how
and
when
the
universe
came
into
being
2．The
railway
signal
shows
that
the
train
will
come，so
you
can’t
pass
now.
3．Thanks
for
your
directions
to
the
house；we
wouldn’t
have
found
it
otherwise
.（否则，要不然）.
4．Many
lifestyle
patterns
(模式）do
such
great
harm
to
health
that
they
actually
speed
up
the
weakening
of
the
human
body.
5．A
dog’s
eating
habit
requires
regular
(定期的)
training
before
it
is
properly
established.（2019天津）
6．The
river
is
very
shallow，but
you
can’t
swim
in
it
because
the
water
is
polluted.
7．The
shortage
of
water
has
become
a
global(全球的)
problem
that
needs
to
be
solved
urgently.
8．Though
lacking(缺乏)
money，his
family
lived
an
enjoyable
life.
(二）.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
9．Artificial
intelligence
has
been
used
in
phones，which
makes
them
seem
to
be
intelligent.(intelligent)
10．When
asked
whether
he
was
determined
to
be
an
astronaut，the
boy
just
looked
at
me
with
determination.(determine)
11．Though
he
was
disappointed
at
the
result
of
the
examination，he
tried
to
hide
his
disappointment
in
order
not
to
discourage
his
son.(disappoint)
12．Since
the
country
became
independent
in
1842，it
has
played
an
important
role
independently.Gone
are
the
days
when
it
depended
on
others
for
everything.(depend)
13．A
person’s
life
is
limited
but
knowledge
is
limitless.(limit)
14．An
argument
about
whether
people
should
carry
on
with
space
exploration
took
place
at
the
conference
and
some
people
argued
that
we
should
stop
wasting
time
and
money
on
it.(argue)
15．Unsatisfied
with
the
analysis，the
researchers
analyzed
the
data
again.(analyze)
(三）.经典句型仿写
16．每当数学老师提出问题，他总是第一个举手的人。(the
first＋n.＋to
do)
Every
time
the
math
teacher
asks
questions，he
is
always
the
first
one
to
put
up
his
hand.
17．他的迅速反应让老师很满意。（make+sth/sb+adj）
His
quick
response
makes
the
teacher
pleased.
18．他不但成绩好，而且经常帮助别人。（not
only...but
also...）
He
not
only
studies
well
but
also
often
helps
others.
19．他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。(sb/sth+系动词+adj+to
do)
He
has
many
friends
because
he
is
easy
to
get
along
with.
20．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。(虚拟语气）
The
workers
were
not
better
organized，otherwise
they
would
have
accomplished
the
task
in
half
the
time.(2019·天津)
（四）课文语法填空
People
have
always
wanted
to
explore
space
in
the
hope
of
finding
out
its
secrets.After
the
mid-20th
century，some
scientists
realised
1.people’s(people)
dream
of
travelling
into
space
with
brave
people
2.carried(carry)
by
spacecraft
to
learn
more
about
the
universe.Exploring
space
is
not
only
3.dangerous(danger)
but
also
challenging.Accidents
can
still
happen
though
scientists
try
to
make
sure
nothing
4.goes(go)
wrong.But
the
desire
5.to
explore(explore)
space
never
stops
6.because
people
believe
they
can
overcome
difficulties
and
be
faced
with
those
big
7.challenges(challenge)．China
has
made
great
progress
in
completing
the
manned
orbit
and
spacewalk，studying
the
moon’s
surface
and
8.establishing(establish)
a
space
station.9.To
our
joy，future
discoveries
will
enable
us
to
understand
the
universe
10.fully(full)
step
by
step.
课堂考点突破
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1.
disappointed
adj.失望的，沮丧的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)People
were
disappointed
at/by/with
the
news
that
the
satellite
had
been
launched
unsuccessfully.
(2)One
by
one，the
applicants
left
the
interviewer’s
office
with
disappointed
(disappoint)
looks
on
their
faces.
(3)Much
to
my
disappointment
(disappoint)，I
found
he
had
told
a
lie
to
his
mother.
be
disappointed
at/with/by...对……失望
be
disappointed
to
do
sth.对做某事失望
be
disappointed
that...对……失望
disappoint
vt.使失望/沮丧
disappointing
adj.令人失望的
disappointment
n．失望，沮丧
to
one’s
disappointment令某人失望的是
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)对结果感到失望，他忍不住哭了起来。
Disappointed
at
the
result，he
couldn’t
help
crying.
desire
n．渴望；欲望；愿望
vt.渴望；期望；想望
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The
boy
has
a
strong
desire
for
a
smartphone
with
a
large
internal
memory
to
play
games.
(2)The
teacher
desired
that
all
the
exercises
(should)
be
handed
(hand)
in
before
school
was
over.
(3)Since
you
have
a
strong
desire
to
learn
(learn)
Chinese
culture，I
think
Beijing
Language
and
Culture
University
is
an
ideal
place
for
you.(2019·北京)
have
a
desire
to
do
sth.渴望做某事
have
a
desire
for
sth.渴望得到某物
desire
to
do
sth.渴望做某事
desire
sb.to
do
sth.渴望某人做某事
desire
that...(should)
do...渴望……
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)他母亲希望他长大后成为一名建筑师。
①His
mother
desired
him
to
be/become
an
architect
after
he
grew
up.
②His
mother
desired
that
he
(should)
be/become
an
architect
after
he
grew
up.
3.signal
v．标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We
signalled(signal)
to
the
driver
in
the
hope
of
stopping
him
before
he
fell
into
the
river.
(2)A
man
stood
up
and
crossed
his
arms
over
his
head，signalling(signal)
that
he
was
strongly
opposed.
(3)Just
like
the
traffic
itself，the
timing
of
the
signals(signal)
changes.
signal
(to)
sb.to
do
sth.示意某人做某事
signal
(sb.)
that示意(某人)……
traffic
signals交通信号灯
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写动作描写)
The
driver
rushed
the
injured
to
the
hospital
immediately，ignoring
the
traffic
signals
all
the
way.
4.on
board在船车、飞机等上；在宇宙飞船上
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The
passengers
on
board
are
disappointed
at
the
current
accommodation
on
the
ship.
(2)Six
months
ago
Xie
Lei
said
goodbye
to
her
family
and
friends
in
China
and
boarded(board)
a
plane
for
London.
(3)The
hurricane
was
so
strong
that
all
the
passengers
aboard(board)
the
ship
fell
into
the
river.
board
n．板；木板；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食
board
v．登上(船、车、飞机等)；寄宿
board
a
ship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车
board
in
a
foreign
family寄宿在一个外国家庭
a
boarding
school寄宿制学校
aboard
adv.&
prep.在船(飞机、火车等)上；上船(飞机、火车等)
go
aboard上船(飞机、火车等)
abroad
adv.在国外；到国外
go
abroad出国
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)通过寄宿在一个外国家庭里，你可以更好地了解这个国家的文化习俗。(应用文之建议信)
By
boarding
in
a
foreign
family，you
can
have
a
better
understanding
of
this
country’s
culture
and
customs.
5.
lack
vt.缺乏；缺少；没有
n．缺乏；短缺
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Lacking(lack)
sufficient
oxygen，the
astronaut
could
not
carry
on
with
his
mission.
(2)Later，he
worked
in
Africa，where
many
people
suffered
from
blindness
for
lack
of
proper
treatment.(2020·江苏)
(3)It
is
obvious
that
the
young
girl
is
lacking(lack)
in
useful
skills.
(a)
lack
of缺少……
for/through
lack
of因缺少……
lacking
adj.不足的；缺乏的
be
lacking
in在……方面缺乏
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(4)Though
Jack
lacked
experience，he
made
up
for
it
in
enthusiasm.
Though
lacking
experience，Jack
made
up
for
it
in
enthusiasm.(用省略句改写)
6.argue
vt.&
vi.争论；争辩；论证
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He
often
argues
with
his
son
about/over
recycling
water
so
as
to
cut
down
the
water
bill.
(2)Some
people
argue
that
we
should
stop
wasting
time
and
money
exploring
space.
(3)Most
of
the
members
argued
for
his
plan，which
made
him
satisfied.
(4)Why
did
he
have
an
argument(argue)
with
his
wife
yesterday
(5)They
argued
him
into
withdrawing
his
complaint.
argue
with
sb.about/over
sth.因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue
for/against
(doing)
sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue
that...主张……，认为……
argue
sb.
into/out
of
doing
sth.说服某人做/不做某事
argument
n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(6)60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们也会在日常生活中这么做。(议论文)
60%
of
the
interviewees
argue
for
rubbish
classification
and
claim
that
they
will
do
this
in
their
daily
life.
7.
attach
v.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The
professor
attaches
great
importance
to
the
analysis
of
the
data.
(2)Please
attach
your
photograph
to
this
application
form.
(3)With
time
going
by，Claire
seemed
to
be
more
attached(attach)
to
Tony，the
robot.
attach...to...把……附在……上
attach
importance/significance/value/weight/...to...
认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等
attached
adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的
be
attached
to喜欢，依恋；附属于
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文之建议信)
You
can
never
attach
too
much
importance
to
reading
during
the
course
of
learning
language.
8.
run
out用完；耗尽物作主语，无被动语态
先练基础——根据句意用run短语的正确形式填空
(1)I
was
reading
in
a
bookstore
when
I
ran
across
an
old
friend
there
yesterday.
(2)I
nearly
ran
into
a
bus
when
it
stopped
suddenly
in
front
of
me.
run
out
of用光，用完人作主语，有被动语态
run
across偶然遇到
run
after追逐；追求
run
into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上困境、麻烦等
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)我们的钱快花完了。我们该怎么办？
①
Our
money
is
running
out.What
should
we
do
②
We
are
running
out
of
our
money.What
should
we
do
9.
otherwise的用法
Astronauts
have
to
use
tape
to
stick
everything
down
while
working
in
space
because
everything
would
float
off
otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中otherwise的词性和汉语意思
(1)My
parents
lent
me
the
money.Otherwise，I
couldn’t
have
afforded
the
trip.adv.否则；不然
(2)There
was
some
music
playing
upstairs.Otherwise
the
house
was
silent.adv.除此以外
(3)It
is
not
permitted
to
sell
or
otherwise
distribute
copies
of
past
examination
papers.adv.以其他方式
otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。
表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could
have
done，表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could
do。
otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。
We
didn’t
know
you
were
in
trouble
at
that
time，otherwise
we
would
have
given
you
a
hand.
(5)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。
I
have
no
money
on
me
now.Otherwise，I
would
lend
some
to
you.
【过关检测】
（一）一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
1．The
rent
is
high，but
otherwise
the
house
is
satisfactory.在其他方面
2．Hot
and
cold
air
currents
power
the
weather
systems
on
earth.(气)流
3．Officials
had
not
been
allowed
to
monitor
the
voting.监听，监视
4．The
barman
gave
free
drinks
to
the
regulars
at
Christmas.老顾客们
（二）核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Mr
Smith
is
determined(determine)
to
seek
his
fortune
in
the
downtown
area.
2．The
young
man
had
a
strong
desire
to
earn
earn
a
living
by
himself
soon
after
he
graduated.
3．He
had
to
seek
help
from
his
colleagues
for
lack
of
experience.
4．Those
who
ignore
the
traffic
signals(signal)
can’t
escape
being
punished.
5．It
was
wise
of
him
to
admit
what
he
had
done
otherwise
he
would
have
got
(get)
into
series
of
trouble.
6．The
diversity
between
minorities
often
brings
about
arguments
(argue)．
7.Apart
from
the
mild
climate，the
ethnic
music
also
results
in
the
prosperous
tourism.
8.Afterwards，he
seemed
to
run
out
of
fortune
and
finally
he
lost
all
his
possessions.
9．The
prince
had
his
servant
attach
a
jade
accessory
to
his
robe
carefully.
10．Spanish
people
were
the
first
immigrants
to
settle(settle)
down
in
the
district.
（三）.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(人物介绍)
1．李子柒是一个网红，也是第一个海外粉丝突破千万的中国视频博主(vlogger)。(the
first＋n.＋to
do)
Li
Ziqi
is
an
online
celebrity，who
is
also
the
first
Chinese
vlogger
to
have
more
than
10
million
fans
overseas.
2．她的视频总是让乡村生活像梦一样美好。(make＋sth./sb.＋adj.)
Her
videos
always
make
country
life
as
beautiful
as
a
dream.
3．就连她的农家小院(farmyard)也显得住起来非常温馨。(sth./sb.＋系动词＋adj.＋to
do)
Even
her
farmyard
seems
warm
and
sweet
to
live
in.
4．通过上传视频，她不但在全球收获了上亿粉丝，而且传播了中国文化。(not
only...but
also)
By
uploading
videos，she
not
only
gains
hundreds
of
millions
of
fans
around
the
globe，but
also
spreads
Chinese
culture
all
over
the
world.
5．被她的视频所吸引，许多外国人对中国的文化和乡村生活痴迷。
Attracted
by
her
videos，many
foreigners
get
fascinated
by
Chinese
culture
and
country
life.
三、课后综合运用
（一）语境填词
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：to
do作定语和状语)
Mankind
has
managed
to
create
vehicles
to
carry
astronauts
into
space.They
1.launch
rockets
carrying
satellites.Many
intelligent
people
are
2.determined
to
devote
themselves
to
space
exploration，even
though
space
disasters
which
killed
astronauts
on
board
make
them
3.disappointed.Besides，when
living
in
space，the
astronauts
have
to
recycle
dirty
water
so
as
to
use
it
later.For
4.lack
of
gravity，their
muscles
become
weak.They
have
to
tape
everything
up,5.otherwise
they
would
float
around.They
also
need
to
figure
out
a
way
to
store
6.sufficient
food
or
oxygen，but
people’s
desire
to
explore
space
never
dies.
China
is
the
third
country
to
send
humans
into
space
7.independently.This
signals
a
giant
leap
forward
for
China.Some
people
argue
that
we
should
stop
wasting
time
and
money
on
space
exploration，which
is
a
shallow
view.Our
planet’s
resources
are
limited,
we
should
find
a
new
home
to
provide
for
the
ever
increasing
population.In
closing，we
should
carry
on
with
space
exploration.
（二）单元语法
练基础——单句语法填空
1．He
got
to
the
station
only
to
find(find)
the
train
had
left.
2．In
his
speech，he
expressed
his
determination
to
achieve(achieve)
his
goals.
3．The
speed
is
high
enough
for
us
to
catch(catch)
up
with
the
first
liner.
技巧一点通
动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。当中心词为序数词，最高级，the
last，the
only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。被修饰词是way，chance，opportunity，plan，ability等时，也常常用to
do作定语。
作目的状语的不定式前，常加上in
order或so
as，但so
as不能位于句首。to
do作目的状语放在句首时往往用逗号与主句隔开，但放在句中时则不用逗号。
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
要学好汉语，你必须利用每一个机会说这门语言。每一次你有一个想法要表达时，你都应尝试用汉语说。要勇于做第一个犯错误的人。(应用文之语言学习)
To
learn
Chinese
well，you
must
make
use
of
every
chance
to
speak
the
language.Every
time
you
have
an
opinion
to
express，you
should
try
to
say
it
in
Chinese.Just
be
brave
to
be
the
first
to
make
mistakes.
题型专练
语法填空
A
China
has
become
the
first
country
to
land
a
spacecraft
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe
(探测器)
—
the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess
1.
__________
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
2.
_________
(extreme)
challenging.
Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit（轨道）
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
3.
__________
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
4.
____________
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山)，
more
so
5.
________
___
the
familiar
near
side.
Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
on
board
Chang’e-4
6.__
_____
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
＂This
really
excites
scientists,＂
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
＂because
it
7.
____________
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
8.
__________
(construct)."
Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
9.
_______
____
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
10.
___________
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
1.【答案】touched
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last
week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
2.【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
3.【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a
spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
4.【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be
of
interest
to
sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
5.【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more
so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
6.【答案】to
find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to
find。
7.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle
Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This
really
excites
scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
8.【答案】is
constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the
moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the
moon是单数，故填is
constructed。
9.【答案】much
【解析】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
10.【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
B
US private
rocket
company
SpaceX
announced
that
two
private
persons
had
paid
1.
___________(send)
around
the
Moon.
“The
mission
was
planned
in
September
2018,”
SpaceX
CEO
Elon
Musk
said,
2.
___________
(add)
that
the
tourists
had
already
paid
a
large
sum
of
money.
“This
presented
an
opportunity
for
humans
to
return
to
deep
space
3.
___________
the
first
time
in
45
years,”
he
said.
The
two
unnamed
people
will
fly
aboard
a
spaceship
4.
___________
is
set
for
its
first
unmanned
test
flight.
Mr.
Musk
said
the
cooperation
of America’s
NASA
space
agency
had
made
the
plan
possible.
He
said
the
two
passengers
would
travel
5.
____________
(far)
into
the
solar
system
than
any
before
them.
Mr.
Musk
refused
6.
___________
(speak)
out
their
identities,
simply
saying
that
they
knew
each
other.
“Like
the Apollo astronauts
before
7.
____________
(they),
the
two
persons
will
travel
into
space
carrying
the
hopes
and
dreams
of
all
humankind,
8.
___________
(drive)
by
the
universal
human
spirit
of
exploration.
We’ll
do
everything
we
can
to
reduce
that
risk,
but
it’s
not
zero.” The
space
9.
____________
(tourist)
would
make
a
circle
around
the
Moon,
skimming
(略过)
the
lunar
surface
and
then
going
well
beyond,
Mr.
Musk
said.
The US has
not
sent
astronauts
to
the
Moon
since
10.
____________
early
1970s.
1.【答案】to
be
sent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。to
do
表示目的，这句话的意思是两个人付钱是为了被发送到月球上去，
有被动的一层语法，所以最后的形式是to
be
done.
2.【答案】adding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词做伴随状语，表主动。
3.【答案】for
【解析】考察介词。
固定搭配，for
the
first
time,
第一次，首次的意思。
4.【答案】which/that
【解析】考察定语从句。从句部分缺少主语，需要填关系代词，先行词是spaceship，所以用that或者which都可以。
5.【答案】farther/further
【解析】考查形容词比较级。因为后面有than
before，所以这里填写far的比较级，这两种形式都对。
6.【答案】to
speak
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定搭配，refuse
to
do
sth.
7.【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。介词后面应该用代词的宾格形式。
8.【答案】driven
【解析】考察非谓语动词。通过后面的by可知，这里应该填过去分词表示被动。
9.【答案】tourists
【解析】考查名词。可数名词变成复数形式。
10.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。the
early
1970s
20实际70年代早期。
C
About
50
years
ago,
humans
achieved the
first
manned
mission
to
land
on
the
moon.
One
way
to
celebrate
this
1.
__________(achieve)
is
to
watch
the
upcoming
drama
series
The
Right
Stuff,
2.
__________is
set
to
release
on
Disney
Plus
this
fall
with
eight
episodes.
The
Right
Stuff
is
National
Geographic’s
first
scripted
series
and
is
based
3.
____________US
author
Tom
Wolfe’s
1979
book
of
the
same
name.
The
show
follows
the
development
of
NASA’s
Project
Mercury
program
during
the
space
race
against
the
former
Soviet
Union
during
the
Cold
War.
But
NASA’s
program
is
almost
completely
4.
_____________(destroy)
when
two
US
astronauts
compete
to
be
the
first
man
in
space.
5.
_____________(win)
the
space
race,
NASA
creates
a
team
of
the
seven
best
astronauts
in
the
US.
These
astronauts
become
known
as
the
Mercury
Seven
and
are
tasked
with
a
difficult
—6.
____________(near)
impossible —mission.
They
have
two
years
to
make7.
_____________
into
outer
space.
“The
Right
Stuff
evokes
(唤起)
the
wonder
and
awe（敬畏）
of
the
moment
we
first
escaped
the
bounds
(束缚)
of
our
only
home
and
ventured
(敢于冒险)
into
the
unknown,”
US
actor
James
Lafferty,
who
plays
one
of
the
Mercury
Seven
in
the
upcoming
series,
commented.
“But
the
show
is
as
much
about
who
we
are
today
as
it
is
about
our
8.
___________(history)
achievements.
At
a
time
when
the
world
is
confronted
with
(面对)
significant
challenges,
this
story
reminds
us
that
9.
___________seems
impossible
today
can
become
the
triumph
(胜利)
of
tomorrow.”
So
what
are
you
waiting
for
Be
sure
to
watch
The
Right
Stuff
to
get
10.
____________(inspire)
and
reach
for
the
stars!
1.【答案】achievement
【解析】考察词形变化。根据前面的代词this，推断这里是动词变名词形式。
2.【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少主语成分，需要填写关系代词，又因为有逗号是非限制性定从，不能用that，修饰的是前面的The
Right
Stuff，所以用which。
3.【答案】on
【解析】考察介词。
固定搭配，be
based
on,
以。。。。。为根据。
4.【答案】destroyed
【解析】考察动词被动。根据句意，前面有is，构成be
done的被动形式，句意是：美国国家航空航天局的项目被完全的破坏了。
5.【答案】To
win
【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里根据句意是to
do
表目的的用法，为了赢得太空竞赛，美国航天局组成了一个队伍，里面有全美国最好的七名宇航员。
6.【答案】nearly
【解析】考察形容词。这里是形容词变副词，修饰后面的impossible。
7.【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。这里make后面缺少宾语，又因为是虚词，所以考虑代词做宾语，it指代的是前面的可数名词mission。
8.【答案】historic
【解析】考察词形变化。具有重大历史意义的成就，所以这里把history变成形容词historic。
9.【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。主语从句缺少成分，填写代词，what表示内容，句意是：今天看上去不可能的事情能够成为明天的胜利。
10.【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。inspired做get的表语，过去分词表示被动，被鼓舞的意思。
D
There
is
good
and
bad
news
about
the
number
of
trees
on
our
planet.
The
good
news
is
1._________
there
are
seven
times
more
trees
than
we
2.
___________
(think).
A
few
years
ago,
scientists
estimated
the
world
had
400
billion
trees,
but
a
new
study
makes
a
3.
___________
(calculate)
that
there
are
around
three
trillion
trees.
That's
a
three
4.__________
(follow)
by
12
zeroes.
But
Dr
Thomas
Crowther
told
the
BBC
that
this
new
number
is
unable
5.___________
(change)
anything.
What
is
the
bad
news
Thousands
of
years
ago,
the
earth
had
around
six
trillion
trees.
Human
activity
has
cut
the
number
of
trees
on
the
planet
6.
___________
half.
A
good
example
of
this
is
7.__________
fact
that
Europe
used
to
be
one
of
the
giant
forests.
Dr
Crowther
said
people
are
8.___________
(responsibility)
for
the
loss
of
three
trillion
trees.
Another
15
billion
trees
are
lost
each
year
because
of
deforestation
(毁林)
and
farmland.
The
scientists
said
this
figure
is
“9.____________
(extreme)
higher”
than
a
century
ago.
Dr
Crowther
added,
“This
study
highlights
how
much
more
effort
10.
___________
(need)
if
we
are
to
restore
healthy
forests
worldwide.”
【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，故用that。
【答案】thought
【解析】考查时态。这里说的是“比我们原本以为的……”，故要用一般过去时。
【答案】calculation
【解析】考查名词。根据空前的“a”可知此处要用名词形式。
【答案】followed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。follow与three之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。
【答案】to
change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be
(un)able
to
do
sth.意为“(不)能做某事”，是常用表达。
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。in
half意为“减半”。
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指fact。
【答案】responsible
【解析】考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指人们应该为树木的减少负责。be
responsible
for“对……负责”是固定搭配，故填responsible。
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词higher，应用副词形式。
【答案】is
needed/will
be
needed
【解析】考查主谓一致、时态和语态。这项研究表明，如果要在世界范围内恢复健康的森林，那我们需要再做多少努力。主句主语effort与need之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。“how
much
more
effort”的谓语应用单数，故应填is
needed。此处也可理解为表示将来要发生的动作，故主句可用一般将来时。
(
1
)必修三Unit4
Space
Exploration
课前自主预习
【教材词汇要记牢】
阅读单词——我会认
1．____________________
procedure
2．____________________
cm
3．____________________
rocket
4．____________________
gravity
5．____________________
frontier
6．____________________
vehicle
7．____________________
satellite
8．____________________
orbit
9．____________________
giant
10．____________________leap
11．____________________
agency
12．____________________
transmit
13．____________________
data
14．____________________
ongoing
15．____________________
spacecraft
16．____________________
spacewalk
17．____________________
jade
18．____________________
dock
19．____________________
sufficient
20．____________________
microwave
21．____________________
tissue
22．____________________
facility
23．____________________
fatal
24．____________________
high-end
25．____________________
foam
26．____________________
pillow
27．____________________
mystery
28．____________________
oxygen
29．____________________
the
USSR
30．____________________
the
International
Space
Station
31．____________________
Mars
32．____________________
Jupiter
(二）.重点单词——我会写
1．____________________
n．宇航员；太空人
2．____________________adj.精神的；思想的
3．____________________
n．宇宙；天地万物
4．____________________vt.&
n．发射；发起；上市
5．____________________
n．人类
6．____________________vt.&
vi.标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志
7．____________________
vt.回收利用；再利用
8．_____________________n．肌肉；实力；影响力
9．_____________________vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt.使浮动；使漂流
10．____________________
adv.否则；要不然
11．____________________
prep.在更远处；超出
12．____________________
n．肥皂
13．_____________________n．毛巾；抹布
14．_____________________adj.热衷的；渴望的
15．_____________________
n．地球；世界；地球仪
16．_____________________
adj.肤浅的；浅的
17．_____________________
n．模式；图案；模范
18.
_____________________n．监视器；监测仪
vt.监视；监测；监控
19．_____________________
n．智能手机
20．_____________________
n．资源；财力；物力
21．_____________________
vt.系；绑；贴
（三）.拓展单词——我会变
1．_________________
adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→__________________
n．智慧
2．_________________vt.查明；确定；决定→__________________
adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→__________________
n．决心；果断
3．________________
vt.使失望→_________________
adj.失望的；沮丧的→_________________adj.令人失望的→___________________
n．失望；沮丧
4．_________________n．渴望；欲望
vt.渴望；期望→_________________
adj.渴望的，想要的
5．_________________
vi.依靠→________________
adj.独立的；自立的→_________________
adv独立地；自立地→_________________
n．独立；自立
6．_______________
vt.缺乏；没有
n．缺乏；短缺→__________________
adj.缺乏的；不足的
7．________________
vt.&
vi.论证；争辩；争论→___________________n．争论；争吵；论点
8．_________________n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→___________________
v．分析
9．_________________
adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→_____________________adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
10．__________________
vt.&
n．限制→__________________adj.有限的→___________________adj.无限的
(四）.核心短语
1．________________________________继续做，坚持干
2．________________________________在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．________________________________抱着……的希望
4．________________________________为了；以便
5．________________________________弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．________________________________导致；造成
7．________________________________所以；结果(是)
8．________________________________提供生活所需
9．________________________________最后
10.
________________________________用完；耗尽
【高频词汇来助力】
1．_________________________
n．信用；赞扬；学分
2．_________________________
n．罪犯；犯人
3．_________________________
n．货币；通货
4．_________________________
n．海关；关税
5．_________________________
n．资料库，数据库
6．__________________________n．最后期限，截止日期
经典句式需悟通
1．Afterwards，the
USSR
focused
on
sending
people
into
space，and
on
12
April
1961，Yuri
Gagarin
became
the
first
person
in
the
world
to
go
into
space.
翻译：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
These
disasters
made
everyone
sad
and
disappointed，but
the
desire
to
explore
the
universe
never
died.
翻译：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Despite
the
difficulties，scientists
hope
future
discoveries
will
not
only
enable
us
to
understand
how
the
universe
began，but
also
help
us
survive
well
into
the
future.
翻译：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Astronauts
have
to
use
tape
to
stick
everything
down
while
working
in
space
because
everything
would
float
off
otherwise.
翻译：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sending
people
to
other
planets
or
even
beyond
the
solar
system
is
not
an
easy
goal
to
achieve.
翻译：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【过关检测】
单词拼写
(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)
1．Could
you
tell
me
how
and
when
the
u__________________came
into
being
2．The
railway
s________________shows
that
the
train
will
come，so
you
can’t
pass
now.
3．Thanks
for
your
directions
to
the
house；we
wouldn’t
have
found
it
__________________（否则，要不然）.
4．Many
lifestyle
__________________(模式）do
such
great
harm
to
health
that
they
actually
speed
up
the
weakening
of
the
human
body.
5．A
dog’s
eating
habit
requires
__________________(定期的)
training
before
it
is
properly
established.
(2019·天津)
6．The
river
is
very
s___________________，but
you
can’t
swim
in
it
because
the
water
is
polluted.
7．The
shortage
of
water
has
become
a
__________________(全球的)
problem
that
needs
to
be
solved
urgently.
8．Though
__________________(缺乏)
money，his
family
lived
an
enjoyable
life.
(二）.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
9．Artificial
___________________
has
been
used
in
phones，which
makes
them
seem
to
be
_________________.(intelligent)
10．When
asked
whether
he
was___________________to
be
an
astronaut，the
boy
just
looked
at
me
with___________________.(determine)
11．Though
he
was
____________________
at
the
result
of
the
examination，he
tried
to
hide
his
__________________in
order
not
to
discourage
his
son.(disappoint)
12．Since
the
country
became
___________________in
1842，it
has
played
an
important
role
________________.Gone
are
the
days
when
it
________________
on
others
for
everything.(depend)
13．A
person’s
life
is
__________________
but
knowledge
is
________________.(limit)
14．An
________________about
whether
people
should
carry
on
with
space
exploration
took
place
at
the
conference
and
some
people
_______________
that
we
should
stop
wasting
time
and
money
on
it.(argue)
15．Unsatisfied
with
the
________________，the
researchers
_________________the
data
again.(analyze)
(三）.经典句型仿写
16．每当数学老师提出问题，他总是第一个举手的人。(the
first＋n.＋to
do)
Every
time
the
math
teacher
asks
questions，____________________________________________________.
17．他的迅速反应让老师很满意。（make+sth/sb+adj）
His
quick
response
_____________________________________________.
18．他不但成绩好，而且经常帮助别人。（not
only...but
also...）
______________________________________________________________.
19．他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。(sb/sth+系动词+adj+to
do)
He
has
many
friends
____________________________________________.
20．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。(虚拟语气）
The
workers
were
not
better
organized，otherwise
they
_________________________________________
the
task
in
half
the
time.(2019·天津)
（四）课文语法填空
People
have
always
wanted
to
explore
space
in
the
hope
of
finding
out
its
secrets.After
the
mid-20th
century，some
scientists
realised
1._______________(people)
dream
of
travelling
into
space
with
brave
people
2._______________(carry)
by
spacecraft
to
learn
more
about
the
universe.Exploring
space
is
not
only
3._______________(danger)
but
also
challenging.Accidents
can
still
happen
though
scientists
try
to
make
sure
nothing
4.______________(go)
wrong.But
the
desire
5.______________(explore)
space
never
stops
6.________________
people
believe
they
can
overcome
difficulties
and
be
faced
with
those
big
7._____________(challenge)．China
has
made
great
progress
in
completing
the
manned
orbit
and
spacewalk，studying
the
moon’s
surface
and
8._______________(establish)
a
space
station.9.______________
our
joy，future
discoveries
will
enable
us
to
understand
the
universe
10._______________(full)
step
by
step.
课堂考点突破
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1.
disappointed
adj.失望的，沮丧的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)People
were
disappointed
___________________
the
news
that
the
satellite
had
been
launched
unsuccessfully.
(2)One
by
one，the
applicants
left
the
interviewer’s
office
with
_________________(disappoint)
looks
on
their
faces.
(3)Much
to
my
_______________(disappoint)，I
found
he
had
told
a
lie
to
his
mother.
be
disappointed
at/with/by...对……失望
be
disappointed
to
do
sth.对做某事失望
be
disappointed
that...对……失望
disappoint
vt.使失望/沮丧
disappointing
adj.令人失望的
disappointment
n．失望，沮丧
to
one’s
disappointment令某人失望的是
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)对结果感到失望，他忍不住哭了起来。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
desire
n．渴望；欲望；愿望
vt.渴望；期望；想望
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The
boy
has
a
strong
desire_________________
a
smartphone
with
a
large
internal
memory
to
play
games.
(2)The
teacher
desired
that
all
the
exercises_______________(hand)
in
before
school
was
over.
(3)Since
you
have
a
strong
desire
_________________(learn)
Chinese
culture，I
think
Beijing
Language
and
Culture
University
is
an
ideal
place
for
you.(2019·北京)
have
a
desire
to
do
sth.渴望做某事
have
a
desire
for
sth.渴望得到某物
desire
to
do
sth.渴望做某事
desire
sb.to
do
sth.渴望某人做某事
desire
that...(should)
do...渴望……
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)他母亲希望他长大后成为一名建筑师。
①His
mother
____________________________________
an
architect
after
he
grew
up.
②His
mother
desired
that
___________________________________an
architect
after
he
grew
up.
3.signal
v．标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We
_______________(signal)
to
the
driver
in
the
hope
of
stopping
him
before
he
fell
into
the
river.
(2)A
man
stood
up
and
crossed
his
arms
over
his
head，________________(signal)
that
he
was
strongly
opposed.
(3)Just
like
the
traffic
itself，the
timing
of
the____________(signal)
changes.
signal
(to)
sb.to
do
sth.示意某人做某事
signal
(sb.)
that示意(某人)……
traffic
signals交通信号灯
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写动作描写)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.on
board在船车、飞机等上；在宇宙飞船上
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The
passengers_________________
board
are
disappointed
at
the
current
accommodation
on
the
ship.
(2)Six
months
ago
Xie
Lei
said
goodbye
to
her
family
and
friends
in
China
and
________________(board)
a
plane
for
London.
(3)The
hurricane
was
so
strong
that
all
the
passengers
_______________(board)
the
ship
fell
into
the
river.
board
n．板；木板；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食
board
v．登上(船、车、飞机等)；寄宿
board
a
ship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车
board
in
a
foreign
family寄宿在一个外国家庭
a
boarding
school寄宿制学校
aboard
adv.&
prep.在船(飞机、火车等)上；上船(飞机、火车等)
go
aboard上船(飞机、火车等)
abroad
adv.在国外；到国外
go
abroad出国
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)通过寄宿在一个外国家庭里，你可以更好地了解这个国家的文化习俗。(应用文之建议信)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
lack
vt.缺乏；缺少；没有
n．缺乏；短缺
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)________________(lack)
sufficient
oxygen，the
astronaut
could
not
carry
on
with
his
mission.
(2)Later,
he
worked
in
Africa，where
many
people
suffered
from
blindness
for
lack
_______________proper
treatment.(2020·江苏)
(3)It
is
obvious
that
the
young
girl
is
______________(lack)
in
useful
skills.
(a)
lack
of缺少……
for/through
lack
of因缺少……
lacking
adj.不足的；缺乏的
be
lacking
in在……方面缺乏
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(4)Though
Jack
lacked
experience，he
made
up
for
it
in
enthusiasm.
__________________________________，Jack
made
up
for
it
in
enthusiasm.(用省略句改写)
6.argue
vt.&
vi.争论；争辩；论证
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He
often
argues
________________
his
son
_______________
recycling
water
so
as
to
cut
down
the
water
bill.
(2)Some
people
argue
______________we
should
stop
wasting
time
and
money
exploring
space.
(3)Most
of
the
members
argued
_______________
his
plan，which
made
him
satisfied.
(4)Why
did
he
have
an
______________(argue)
with
his
wife
yesterday
(5)They
argued
him
_________________withdrawing
his
complaint.
argue
with
sb.about/over
sth.因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue
for/against
(doing)
sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue
that...主张……，认为……
argue
sb.
into/out
of
doing
sth.说服某人做/不做某事
argument
n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(6)60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们也会在日常生活中这么做。(议论文)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
attach
v.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The
professor
attaches
great
importance
_________________the
analysis
of
the
data.
(2)Please
attach
your
photograph______________this
application
form.
(3)With
time
going
by，Claire
seemed
to
be
more
______________(attach)
to
Tony，the
robot.
attach...to...把……附在……上
attach
importance/significance/value/weight/...to...
认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等
attached
adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的
be
attached
to喜欢，依恋；附属于
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文之建议信)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.
run
out用完；耗尽物作主语，无被动语态
先练基础——根据句意用run短语的正确形式填空
(1)I
was
reading
in
a
bookstore
when
I
________________
an
old
friend
there
yesterday.
(2)I
nearly
______________
a
bus
when
it
stopped
suddenly
in
front
of
me.
run
out
of用光，用完人作主语，有被动语态
run
across偶然遇到
run
after追逐；追求
run
into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上困境、麻烦等
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)我们的钱快花完了。我们该怎么办？
①
Our
money______________________________.What
should
we
do
②
We
________________________________.
What
should
we
do
9.
otherwise的用法
Astronauts
have
to
use
tape
to
stick
everything
down
while
working
in
space
because
everything
would
float
off
otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中otherwise的词性和汉语意思
(1)My
parents
lent
me
the
money.Otherwise，I
couldn’t
have
afforded
the
trip.___________________
(2)There
was
some
music
playing
upstairs.Otherwise
the
house
was
silent.
___________________
(3)It
is
not
permitted
to
sell
or
otherwise
distribute
copies
of
past
examination
papers._________________
otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。
表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could
have
done，表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could
do。
otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。
We
didn’t
know
you
were
in
trouble
at
that
time，______________________________________________.
(5)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。
I
have
no
money
on
me
now.Otherwise，_________________________________________.
【过关检测】
（一）一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
1．The
rent
is
high，but
otherwise
the
house
is
satisfactory.__________________
2．Hot
and
cold
air
currents
power
the
weather
systems
on
earth.__________________
3．Officials
had
not
been
allowed
to
monitor
the
voting.
__________________
4．The
barman
gave
free
drinks
to
the
regulars
at
Christmas.__________________
（二）核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Mr
Smith
is
________________(determine)
to
seek
his
fortune
in
the
downtown
area.
2．The
young
man
had
a
strong
desire
________________
earn
a
living
by
himself
soon
after
he
graduated.
3．He
had
to
seek
help
from
his
colleagues
for
lack____________experience.
4．Those
who
ignore
the
traffic
_______________(signal)
can’t
escape
being
punished.
5．It
was
wise
of
him
to
admit
what
he
had
done
otherwise
he_______________(get)
into
series
of
trouble.
6．The
diversity
between
minorities
often
brings
about
_______________(argue)．
7.Apart
from
the
mild
climate，the
ethnic
music
also
results
________________
the
prosperous
tourism.
8.Afterwards，he
seemed
to
run
out
________________fortune
and
finally
he
lost
all
his
possessions.
9．The
prince
had
his
servant
attach
a
jade
accessory
_______________
his
robe
carefully.
10．Spanish
people
were
the
first
immigrants
______________(settle)
down
in
the
district.
（三）.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(人物介绍)
李子柒是一个网红，也是第一个海外粉丝突破千万的中国视频博主(vlogger)。(the
first＋n.＋to
do)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．她的视频总是让乡村生活像梦一样美好。(make＋sth./sb.＋adj.)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．就连她的农家小院(farmyard)也显得住起来非常温馨。(sth./sb.＋系动词＋adj.＋to
do)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.通过上传视频，她不但在全球收获了上亿粉丝，而且传播了中国文化。(not
only...but
also)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5．被她的视频所吸引，许多外国人对中国的文化和乡村生活痴迷。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、课后综合运用
（一）语境填词
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：to
do作定语和状语)
Mankind
has
managed
to
create
vehicles
to
carry
astronauts
into
space.They
1.______________
rockets
carrying
satellites.Many
intelligent
people
are
2._______________
to
devote
themselves
to
space
exploration，even
though
space
disasters
which
killed
astronauts
on
board
make
them
3.________________.Besides，when
living
in
space，the
astronauts
have
to
recycle
dirty
water
so
as
to
use
it
later.For
4._______________of
gravity，their
muscles
become
weak.They
have
to
tape
everything
up,5._______________
they
would
float
around.They
also
need
to
figure
out
a
way
to
store
6.______________
food
or
oxygen，but
people’s
desire
to
explore
space
never
dies.
China
is
the
third
country
to
send
humans
into
space
7.______________.This
signals
a
giant
leap
forward
for
China.Some
people
argue
that
we
should
stop
wasting
time
and
money
on
space
exploration，which
is
a
shallow
view.Our
planet’s
resources
are
limited,
we
should
find
a
new
home
to
provide
for
the
ever
increasing
population.In
closing，we
should
carry
on
with
space
exploration.
（二）单元语法
练基础——单句语法填空
1．He
got
to
the
station
only
_________________(find)
the
train
had
left.
2．In
his
speech，he
expressed
his
determination
__________________(achieve)
his
goals.
3．The
speed
is
high
enough
for
us
________________(catch)
up
with
the
first
liner.
技巧一点通
动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。当中心词为序数词，最高级，the
last，the
only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。被修饰词是way，chance，opportunity，plan，ability等时，也常常用to
do作定语。
作目的状语的不定式前，常加上in
order或so
as，但so
as不能位于句首。to
do作目的状语放在句首时往往用逗号与主句隔开，但放在句中时则不用逗号。
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
要学好汉语，你必须利用每一个机会说这门语言。每一次你有一个想法要表达时，你都应尝试用汉语说。要勇于做第一个犯错误的人。(应用文之语言学习)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
题型专练
语法填空
A
China
has
become
the
first
country
to
land
a
spacecraft
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe
(探测器)
—
the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess
1.
__________
__
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
2.
_________
_
(extreme)
challenging.
Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit（轨道）
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
3.
__________
___
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
4.
______________
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山)，
more
so
5.
________
_____the
familiar
near
side.
Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
on
board
Chang’e-4
6.__
_________
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
＂This
really
excites
scientists,＂
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
＂because
it
7.
_____________
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
8.
_______________
(construct)."
Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
9.
_______
____
__
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
10.
___________
___
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
B
US private
rocket
company
SpaceX
announced
that
two
private
persons
had
paid
1.
______________(send)
around
the
Moon.
“The
mission
was
planned
in
September
2018,”
SpaceX
CEO
Elon
Musk
said,
2.
______________
(add)
that
the
tourists
had
already
paid
a
large
sum
of
money.
“This
presented
an
opportunity
for
humans
to
return
to
deep
space
3.
______________
the
first
time
in
45
years,”
he
said.
The
two
unnamed
people
will
fly
aboard
a
spaceship
4.
_______________
is
set
for
its
first
unmanned
test
flight.
Mr.
Musk
said
the
cooperation
of America’s
NASA
space
agency
had
made
the
plan
possible.
He
said
the
two
passengers
would
travel
5.
______________
(far)
into
the
solar
system
than
any
before
them.
Mr.
Musk
refused
6.
______________
(speak)
out
their
identities,
simply
saying
that
they
knew
each
other.
“Like
the Apollo astronauts
before
7.
________________
(they),
the
two
persons
will
travel
into
space
carrying
the
hopes
and
dreams
of
all
humankind,
8.
________________
(drive)
by
the
universal
human
spirit
of
exploration.
We’ll
do
everything
we
can
to
reduce
that
risk,
but
it’s
not
zero.” The
space
9.
_______________
(tourist)
would
make
a
circle
around
the
Moon,
skimming
(略过)
the
lunar
surface
and
then
going
well
beyond,
Mr.
Musk
said.
The US has
not
sent
astronauts
to
the
Moon
since
10.
_______________
early
1970s.
C
About
50
years
ago,
humans
achieved the
first
manned
mission
to
land
on
the
moon.
One
way
to
celebrate
this
1.
__________(achieve)
is
to
watch
the
upcoming
drama
series
The
Right
Stuff,
2.
__________is
set
to
release
on
Disney
Plus
this
fall
with
eight
episodes.
The
Right
Stuff
is
National
Geographic’s
first
scripted
series
and
is
based
3.
____________US
author
Tom
Wolfe’s
1979
book
of
the
same
name.
The
show
follows
the
development
of
NASA’s
Project
Mercury
program
during
the
space
race
against
the
former
Soviet
Union
during
the
Cold
War.
But
NASA’s
program
is
almost
completely
4.
_____________(destroy)
when
two
US
astronauts
compete
to
be
the
first
man
in
space.
5.
_____________(win)
the
space
race,
NASA
creates
a
team
of
the
seven
best
astronauts
in
the
US.
These
astronauts
become
known
as
the
Mercury
Seven
and
are
tasked
with
a
difficult
—6.
____________(near)
impossible —mission.
They
have
two
years
to
make7.
_____________
into
outer
space.
“The
Right
Stuff
evokes
(唤起)
the
wonder
and
awe（敬畏）
of
the
moment
we
first
escaped
the
bounds
(束缚)
of
our
only
home
and
ventured
(敢于冒险)
into
the
unknown,”
US
actor
James
Lafferty,
who
plays
one
of
the
Mercury
Seven
in
the
upcoming
series,
commented.
“But
the
show
is
as
much
about
who
we
are
today
as
it
is
about
our
8.
___________(history)
achievements.
At
a
time
when
the
world
is
confronted
with
(面对)
significant
challenges,
this
story
reminds
us
that
9.
___________seems
impossible
today
can
become
the
triumph
(胜利)
of
tomorrow.”
So
what
are
you
waiting
for
Be
sure
to
watch
The
Right
Stuff
to
get
10.
____________(inspire)
and
reach
for
the
stars!
D
There
is
good
and
bad
news
about
the
number
of
trees
on
our
planet.
The
good
news
is
1.____________
there
are
seven
times
more
trees
than
we
2.
____________
(think).
A
few
years
ago,
scientists
estimated
the
world
had
400
billion
trees,
but
a
new
study
makes
a
3.
______________
(calculate)
that
there
are
around
three
trillion
trees.
That's
a
three
4._____________
(follow)
by
12
zeroes.
But
Dr
Thomas
Crowther
told
the
BBC
that
this
new
number
is
unable
5._____________
(change)
anything.
What
is
the
bad
news
Thousands
of
years
ago,
the
earth
had
around
six
trillion
trees.
Human
activity
has
cut
the
number
of
trees
on
the
planet
6.
____________
half.
A
good
example
of
this
is
7.____________
fact
that
Europe
used
to
be
one
of
the
giant
forests.
Dr
Crowther
said
people
are
8.____________
(responsibility)
for
the
loss
of
three
trillion
trees.
Another
15
billion
trees
are
lost
each
year
because
of
deforestation
(毁林)
and
farmland.
The
scientists
said
this
figure
is
“9.____________
(extreme)
higher”
than
a
century
ago.
Dr
Crowther
added,
“This
study
highlights
how
much
more
effort
10.
____________
(need)
if
we
are
to
restore
healthy
forests
worldwide.”
(
1
)
