2021年中考英语复习课件之被动语态课件(共22张PPT)

(共22张PPT)
专题七
verb（动词）
中考英语语法专题
本专题内容适用于7—9年级学生
本专题一般共需10课时
第八课时
动词的语态之被动语态
passive
voice
一、被动语态的构成和时态变化
二、主动语态变被动语态
三、主动表被动的动词
四、巩固练习
1.八种时态的基本结构
一般现在时
v原或第三人称单数;am/is/
are
一般过去时
动词过去式；was/were
一般将来时
will
be/do
;am/is/are
going
to
do;shall
be
过去将来时
would
be/do
现在进行时
am/is/are
doing
过去进行时
was/were
doing
现在完成时
have/has
done
过去完成时
had
done
一、被动语态构成和时态变化
2.被动语态概述：
英语中有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
例子
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
:Many
people
speak
Chinese.
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象
Chinese
is
spoken
by
many
people.
一般现在时
一般将来时
情态动词结构
am/is/are
will
be/am,
is,
are
going
to
be
can
/could/might/
may/must
be
一般过去时
现在完成时
was/were
have/has
been
3.被动语态的构成
：基本结构是“助动词be
+过去分词”
be
动词各种时态的结构
4.被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，被动语态常见时态的动词形式
:
一般现在时
一般将来时
含情态动词的被动语态
am/is/are
+
ved
will
be/
am,
is,
are
going
to
be
+
ved
can
/could/
might/may/
must
be+
ved
一般过去时
现在完成时
was/were
+
ved
have/has+
been+
ved
Quiz
即学即练
1，The
Olympic
Games
___________every
four
years.
A
are
held
B
were
held
C．are
holding
D．will
ho1d
2，We
_______into
five
groups
to
go
to
the
old
people's
home.
We
did
many
things
to
cheer
them
up.
A.
divided
B.
are
divided
C.
were
divided
3，Some
famous
paintings
__________in
the
hall
next
week.
A.
will
show
B.
were
shown
C.
is
shown
D.
will
be
shown
4，---Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
this
city.
---Right.
Many
modern
tall
buildings
have
been
______
these
days.
A.
turned
up
B.
put
up
C.
shown
up
D.
fixed
up
Quiz
即学即练
1，The
Olympic
Games
A
every
four
years.
A
are
held
B
were
held
C．are
holding
D．will
ho1d
2，We
C
into
five
groups
to
go
to
the
old
people's
home.
We
did
many
things
to
cheer
them
up.
A.
divided
B.
are
divided
C.
were
divided
3，Some
famous
paintings
D
in
the
hall
next
week.
A.
will
show
B.
were
shown
C.
is
shown
D.
will
be
shown
4，---Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
this
city.
---Right.
Many
modern
tall
buildings
have
been
__B____
these
days.
A.
turned
up
B.
put
up
C.
shown
up
D.
fixed
up
二、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be
+
过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by
的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by
短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in
+
地点名词作状语。
1）
My
aunt
invited
me
to
her
dinner
party.
主语
谓语
宾语
→
I
was
invited
(by
my
aunt
)
to
her
dinner
party.
主语
谓语
宾语
2）
The
school
set
up
a
special
class
to
help
poor
readers.
主语
谓语
宾语
→
A
special
class
to
help
poor
readers
was
set
up
in
the
school.
主语
谓语
宾语
Quiz：把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1.We
often
use
a
recorder
in
our
English
class.
.
2.Have
they
posted
the
letter
yet
.
3.The
cinema
will
show
a
new
film
next
week.
.
4.
My
father
told
me
an
interesting
story
yesterday.
.
Quiz：把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1.We
often
use
a
recorder
in
our
English
class.
A
recorder
is
often
used
(by
us
)in
our
English
class.
2.Have
they
posted
the
letter
yet

Has
the
letter
been
posted
(by
them)
yet

3.The
cinema
will
show
a
new
film
next
week.
A
new
film
will
be
shown
in
the
cinema
next
week.
4.
My
father
told
me
an
interesting
story
yesterday.
An
interesting
story
was
told
to
me
by
my
father
yesterday.
I
was
told
an
interesting
story
by
my
father
yesterday.
语态转换时要注意的问题
例子
把主动语态变为被动语态：
谓语动词时态要与原句时态保持一致
谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致
We
have
bought
a
new
computer.
→A
new
computer
has
been
bought.
含有双宾语的主动句变被动句：
可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动
一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
My
uncle
gave
me
a
present
on
my
birthday.
→I
was
given
a
present
on
my
birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词
A
present
was
given
to
me
yesterday.
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词
to，如：bring,
give,
hand,
lend,
offer,
pass,
pay,
promise,
sell,
show,
take,
teach,
tell
等。
My
bike
was
lent
to
her.
3，含情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词+
be
+
动词过去分词
He
should
finish
the
job
tonight.
—The
job
should
be
finished
tonight.
被动语态的基本用法
例子
要用被动语态：
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者
没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者
需要强调动作的承受者
The
cotton
is
grown
in
that
farm.
2、我们关心动作的承受者但也关心动作的执行者，要用被动语态。
Nahan
was
written
by
Lu
Xun.
3、表示科学性及客观性，在新闻报道和科技文章中用得较多。
Many
of
the
stars
cannot
be
seen
because
they
are
too
far
away.
常见的句型结构如下：
It
is
（was）agreed（believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......
大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......
It
is（was）
well
known
that......
众所周知
It
is（was）
said（reported，heard，told，suggested）that......
据说（报道、听说、告知、建议......）
主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况
例子
1、一些表示感觉、感官的连系动词如：feel，sound，taste，look等后面接形容词作表语，形式上是主动的，
意思上表示被动。
She
sounds
nice.
She
has
a
beautiful
voice.她唱得很好，她有一副好嗓子。
Your
father
looks
very
angry.
What‘s
the
matter
你爸爸看起来很生气，怎么了？
三、主动形式表示被动意义
英语中有主动和被动之分，并都以特定的形式出现。而非所有的主动句式都表示主动意义，有些句子形式是主动的，而意义却是被动的。就其在英语中的具体运用，从以下几个方面加以归纳。
2、一些表达事物行为、方式的动词如：wash,
sell,
write,
say,
open等，习惯以主动形式表示被动的含义。因这样用更简洁更符合英美人的习惯尤其在口语中。
The
shop
was
quite
new,
for
it
had
opened
only
the
week
before.
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
very
well.
The
door
opened
and
in
came
Mr.
White.
The
book
sells
well.
3、表示“发生，进行”之类不及物动词如：happen，last，take
place，
break
out，go
on，
go
by，
move
on等，以主动式表示被动含义。
You'd
better
wait
and
see
what
happens
to
him.
Over
500
people
were
working
in
the
building
when
the
fire
broke
out
on
the
11th
floor.
Quiz
小试牛刀
1，Books
of
this
kind
____
well
.
A.
sell
B.
sells
C.
are
sold
D.
is
sold
2,
One
of
his
stories
____very
interesting
.
A.
is
sounded
B.
are
sounded
C.
sounds
D.
sound
3,
The
cloth____
well
and
____
long
.
A.
washes,
lasts
B.
is
washed,
lasted
C.
washes,
is
lasted
D.
is
washing,
lasting
Quiz
小试牛刀
1，Books
of
this
kind
_A___
well
.
A.
sell
B.
sells
C.
are
sold
D.
is
sold
2,
One
of
his
stories
__C__very
interesting
.
A.
is
sounded
B.
are
sounded
C.
sounds
D.
sound
3,
The
cloth__A__
well
and
____
long
.
A.
washes,
lasts
B.
is
washed,
lasted
C.
washes,
is
lasted
D.
is
washing,
lasting
用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
1. Can
he
________
(speak)
English
2. What
language
________
(speak)
in
that
country
3. The
film
________
(show)
many
times
since
last
Sunday.
4. These
TV
sets
________
(make)
in
Si
Chuan.
5. It
has
got
so
dark.
Would
you
please
________
(turn)
on
the
light
6. A
new
hospital
________
(build)
in
this
area
now.
7. ________
the
book
________
(return)
8. Rice
________
(grow)
in
the
south.
9.
The
window
________
(not
break)
by
the
boy.
10.
I
________
(tell)
he
________
(not
come)
just
now.
四、巩固练习
用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
1. Can
he
speak
(speak)
English
2. What
language
is
spoken
(speak)
in
that
country
3. The
film
has
been
shown
(show)
many
times
since
last
Sunday.
4. These
TV
sets
were
made
(make)
in
Si
Chuan.
5. It
has
got
so
dark.
Would
you
please
turn
(turn)
on
the
light
6. A
new
hospital
is
being
built
(build)
in
this
area
now.
7. Has
the
book
been
returned
(return)
8. Rice
grows
(grow)
in
the
south.
9.
The
window
wasn’t
broken
(not
break)
by
the
boy.
10.
I
was
told
(tell)
he
would
not
come
(not
come)
just
now.
四、巩固练习
中考真题
1.（2021湖南湘潭）As
is
known
to
all,
the
2022
Winter
Olympics
_____
in
China.
A．is
held
B．will
hold
C．will
be
held
2.（2021湖南怀化）In
the
big
earthquake
of
Gansu,
people
_____
to
the
safe
places
by
the
army.
A．take
B．took
C．were
taken
3.（2021江苏南京）Our
school
library
_____
with
plants,
lovely
desks
and
chairs,
so
I
feel
relaxed
while
studying
or
reading
there.
A．decorates
B．decorated
C．is
decorated
D．was
decorating
4.（2021河北）The
trip
_____
really
exciting
to
me.
How
I
wish
to
go!
A．sounds
B．smells
C．tastes
D．feels
5.（2021湖北武汉）—
Did
you
notice
the
students
________
a
few
why
questions
in
Mr.
Zhang’s
class
—
Yes,
I
think
he
wanted
to
train
their
abilities
of
deep
thinking.
A．are
asked
B．must
be
asked
C．have
been
asked
D．were
asked
6.（2021天津）The
Monkey
King
is
a
traditional
Chinese
cartoon
hero.
Today,
he
_____
by
people
of
all
ages.
A．will
love
B．was
loved
C．is
loved
D．will
be
loved
C
C
C
A
D
C
时态
结构
一般现在时
am/is/are
+
done
一般过去时
was/were
+
done
一般将来时
will
be/is/are
going
to
be
done
一般过去将来时
would
be/was/were
going
to
be
done
现在完成时
have/has
been
done
过去完成时
had
been
done
含情态动词的被动语态的结构
can/could/shall/should/must
be
done
课题总结
主动变被动注意时态、人称和数，常用系动词等可主动表被动，有些动词或词组无被动。
Thank
you
for
listening