人教版（2019）选择性必修一：Unit2 Looking into the Future Section A（课后作业）（含答案）

人教版2019
选择性必修一Unit
2
Section
A
课后
基础知识自测
单句语法填空
1.
She
began
to
host
“Big
Bosses"
lunches,
where
she
would
try
to
persuade
local
business
leaders
_________(contribute)
to
the
cause.
(所给词的适当形式填空）
2.
Others
say
we
can
just
“switch
them
________”
as
if
super
intelligent
machines
are
too
stupid
to
think
of
that
possibility.
(用适当的词填空)
3.
To
many
people,
technology
means
computers,
hand-held
devices,
or
vehicles
that
travel
to________(distance)
planets.
(所给词的适当形式填空）
4.
You
prefer
healthy
food________fast
food.（用适当的词填空）
5.
Go
to
the
government
website
to
learn
about
programs
and
online
tools
available________(help)
people
under
30
build
skills,
find
a
job
or
start
businesses
all
year
round.
(所给词的适当形式填空）
6.
By
connecting
directly
with
customers,
and
by
responding
quickly
________changes
in
the
markets
as
well
as
in
the
ecosystems,
small
farmers
can
keep
one
step
ahead
of
the
big
guys.
(用适当的词填空)
7.
It
was
a
hot
summer
day
that
found
me
________(run)
down
the
street
with
a
dollar
in
my
sweaty
hand.
(所给词的适当形式填空）
8.
...the
author's
reading
of
road
signs
indicates
her
effort
to
remind
mom________(obey)traffic
rules.
(所给词的适当形式填空）
9.
Keep
track________children's
use
of
social
media.
(用适当的词填空)
10.
He
was
an
unfriendly
and
terrible
creature
in
my
eyes.
He________(constant)
walked
around
the
house,
talking
to
himself.
(所给词的适当形式填空）
11.
Imagine
having
your
entire
house,
garage,
and
yard
inspected
at
any
time—with
no________(warn).
(所给词的适当形式填空）
12.
But
when
he
looked
to
the
side,
he
saw
________(instant)
that
it
wasn't
a
dog
at
all,
but
a
wolf,
quickly
catching
up
with
him.
(所给词的适当形式填空）
13.
I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
______（catch）.
（用单词适当形式填空）
14.
For
25
days,
she
never
left
her
baby,
not
even
find
something________(eat).
(所给词的适当形式填空）
15.
I
didn't
mean________(eat)
anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn't
help
trying
it.
(所给词的适当形式填空）
学科素养提升
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Harvard
is
older
than
the
United
States.
In
the
early
1630s
some
settlers
suggested
that
a
university
___16___(found)
just
to
improve
the
quality
of
their
descendants
so
that
they
could
____17____(well)
build
the
new
home.
Thus,
it
was
established
in
1636
by
vote
of
the
Great
and
General
Court
of
the
Massachusetts
Bay
Colony.
Like
many
other
___18___(university)
at
that
time,
Harvard
at
the
early
stage
often
ran
into
financial
crisis.
The
school
board
often
had
to
go
to
Europe
to
raise
____19____(donate),
but
as
you
can
predict,
they
often
came
back
___20___their
hands
empty.
In
1638,
John
Harvard,
pastor
of
Charlestown,
passed
away.
He
left
his
library
and
half
his
estate
to
the
institution,
___21___were
the
biggest
donation
ever
since
its
establishment.
Therefore,
the
university
was
named
after
his
name.
Today,
you
can
find
a
statue
of
John
Harvard
___22___(stand)
in
front
of
the
University
Hall
in
Harvard
Yard,
and
it
is
perhaps
the
university’s
best
_____23_____(know)
landmark.
Like
other
world
famous
universities,
Harvard
also
has
many
colleges
and
Harvard
Business
School
is
one
of
them.
There
is
____24____saying
in
education
that
Harvard
is
the
crown
of
American
education
______25______Harvard
Business
School
is
the
shining
diamond
on
it.
阅读理解
The
home
of
the
future
won't
be
completely
different
and
we
will
be
living
in
houses
and
flats
just
as
we
do
today.
But
people
will
want
to
shape
their
homes
to
match
their
dreams.
No
two
homes
will
be
the
same.
People
will
be
able
to
buy
"house
kits"
containing
a
basic
house
structure,
with
movable
walls,
doors
and
windows.
They
will
put
together
the
different
parts
to
create
the
home
they
want.
Many
jobs
that
we
do
today
will
disappear,
others
will
still
exist
but
will
change
and
new
jobs
will
be
created.
Skilled
workers
such
as
builders,
gardeners
and
electricians
won't
disappear
because
machines
can't
replace
them.
Teachers
will
still
exist
because
students
need
human
contact.
But
they
will
be
using
modem
technology
in
class
more
and
students
will
be
working
more
at
home.
The
medical
technology
revolution
and
space
travel
will
create
new
jobs
which
we
can
only
imagine
today.
Space
holidays
will
develop
in
the
future,
but
these
holidays
won't
be
for
everyone
because
they
won't
be
cheap.
Short
space
trips
will
develop
first;
then
space
hotels
will
orbit
the
earth
where
it
will
be
possible
to
have
a
longer
vacation.
By
the
end
of
the
next
century,
there
will
have
been
holiday
centres
on
the
moon
with
leisure
facilities（休闲设施）for
families.
Paper
won't
exist
in
the
future.
Instead,
there
will
be
e-paper
which
people
will
be
able
to
use
over
and
over
again.
This
will
develop
in
order
to
save
natural
resources.
E-newspapers
and
e-magazines
will
replace
traditional
newspapers
and
magazines
and
we
will
download
information
and
news
articles
from
the
Internet
every
day
onto
our
reusable
paper.
The
laws
of
physics
tell
us
that
the
earth
is
going
to
disappear
some
time
in
the
future.
This
isn't
going
to
happen
tomorrow
but
scientists
predict
that
it
will
happen
in
five
billion
years
when
our
sun
explodes.
We
will
have
to
explore
the
universe
and
find
another
home.
At
some
point
in
the
distant
future,
either
we
stay
on
the
earth
and
die
with
it,
or
we
leave
and
move
to
another
planet.
There
won't
be
any
other
choice.
26.
Homes
of
the
future
will
.
A.
be
completely
different
from
those
of
today
B.
be
very
similar
to
our
homes
C.
all
be
different
from
one
another
D.
be
movable
as
you
want
27.
What
does
the
second
paragraph
imply
A.
Skilled
workers
will
face
great
challenges.
B.
The
future
will
witness
job
changes.
C.
Technology
will
totally
replace
workforce.
D.
An
unimaginable
life
will
come
into
being.
28.
Space
trips
and
staying
in
space
hotels
will
.
A.
become
a
very
common
way
to
spend
holidays
B.
be
the
best
holiday
options
for
families
C.
attract
a
lot
of
people
D.
be
still
only
for
very
rich
people
29.
E-paper
will
replace
traditional
paper
because
.
A.
it
will
be
a
symbol
of
fashion
B.
it
won't
waste
natural
resource
C.
it
will
be
cheaper
to
produce
D.
it
will
be
convenient
to
carry
答案
1.【答案】to
contribute
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她开始举办“大老板”午餐会，在午餐会上她试图说服当地商界领袖为这项事业做出贡献。
短语try
to
persuade
sb.
to
do
….
“想要说服某人做……”,
用不定式做宾语补足语，故填to
contribute。
2.
【答案】off
【详解】考查介词。句意：另一些人说，我们可以“关掉它们”，就好像超级智能机器太蠢了，想不到这种可能性。switch
off
表示“（用开关）关掉；切断（电源）”。故填off。
3.【答案】distant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对许多人来说，科技意味着电脑、手持设备或前往遥远星球的交通工具。
planets为名词，需要一个形容词来修饰，distance的形容词为distant。故填distant。
4.
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意：比起快餐，你更喜欢健康的食物。prefer
A
to
B意为“和B相比，更喜欢A”。故填to。
5.
【答案】to
help
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：访问政府网站，了解项目和可用的在线工具来帮助30岁以下的人培养技能、找到工作或全年创业。本句是一个祈使句，分析句子结构可知空格处要填一个非谓语，作目的状语。动词不定式to
do可以作目的状语（表示去做、要做的事情），符合句意及句子结构。故答案为to
help。
6.【答案】to
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：通过直接与客户联系，并对市场和生态系统的变化迅速做出反应，小农户可以领先于大农户一步。根据句意，此处是短语respond
to“响应；回应；对……作出反应。”
故填to
。
7.
【答案】running
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那是一个炎热的夏日，我在街上跑着，出汗的手里拿着一美元。此句是"find+宾语+宾补"结构，me与run之间是主动关系。故用现在分词形式。故答案为running。
8.
【答案】to
obey
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：……作者对路标的解读表明她在努力提醒妈妈遵守交通规则。
remind
sb.
to
do
sth.提醒某人做某事，该句型是固定短语，动词不定式作宾语补足语。所以填to
obey。
9.
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词。句意：关注孩子们对社交媒体的使用情况。keep
track
of记录；与……保持联系，是固定搭配，故填of。
10.
【答案】constantly
【详解】考查副词。句意：在我看来，他是一个不友好、可怕的家伙。他不停地在屋子里走来走去，自言自语。此处需要修饰动词walked，应用constant的副词形式。故填constantly。
11.
【答案】warning
【详解】考查名词。句意：想象一下，在没有任何警告的情况下，随时检查你的整个房子、车库和院子。由于no为形容词，后接单数可数名词，此处应为warn的名词形式warning（警告），warning可数名词。故填warning。
12.
【答案】instantly
【详解】考查词性转换。句
意：但是当他向旁边一看他立刻发现那根本不是一条狗，而是一只狼，很快就追上了他。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词saw，故填instantly。
13.
【答案】to
catch
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去赶火车。本句已有谓语was
watching且无连词，此空用非谓语形式，用动词不定式（to
do）表目的修饰名词a
train，作名词的后置定语。故填to
catch。
14.【答案】to
eat
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：25天的时间，她不曾离开自己的幼崽，甚至不去找吃的。此处表示未发生的动作，故应用动词不定式（to
do）作something的后置定语。故填to
eat。
15.
【答案】to
eat
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我并没有打算吃什么东西，但是冰激凌看上去太美味了，以至于我情不自禁品尝了。mean
to
do
sth.为固定搭配，意为“打算做某事”。故填to
eat。
【答案】
be
founded
17.
better
18.
universities
19.
donations
20.
with
21.
which
22.
standing
23.
known
24.
a
25.
and
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学历史悠久，是当时的殖民者为了提高他们后代的文化素质而建立的。文章介绍了哈佛大学创建初期遇到的困难、名称的来历及其地位。
【16题详解】
考查被动语态及虚拟语气。句意：十七世纪三十年代早期，一些殖民者建议建立一所大学以提高他们后代的素质，这样他们就能更好地建造新的家园。主语a
university和动词
found之间是被动
关系，故用被动语态；suggest表示“建议”，后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should+）动词原形。故答案为be
founded。
【17题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：十七世纪三十年代早期，一些殖民者建议建立一所大学以提高他们后代的素质，这样他们就能更好地建造新的家园。根据语境可知，空处表示“更好地”，故用副词比较级。故答案为better。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：和当时的许多其他的大学一样，早期的哈佛大学经常遭遇金融危机。university为可数名词，该处表示“许多其他的大学”，故该处用复数形式。故答案为universities。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：学校董事会经常不得不去欧洲筹集捐款，但正如你所能预测的，他们经常空手而归。根据该句中的及物动词raise可知，空处是宾语，故用名词形式donation，donation是可数名词，此处泛指捐赠物/捐款，用名词的复数形式。故答案为donations。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：他们经常空手而归。介词with表示“具有，带有”，符合语境。故答案为with。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他把自己的图书馆和一半财产留给了该机构，这是该机构成立以来最大的一笔捐赠。分析该句结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，his
library
and
half
his
estate
为先行词，用which
引导该定语从句。故填which。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，你可以发现在哈佛校园的大学礼堂前矗立着的John
Harvard的雕像，这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。
a
statue
of
John
Harvard和动词stand之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。故答案为standing。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：今天，你可以发现在哈佛校园的大学礼堂前矗立着的John
Harvard的雕像，这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。根据空处后的名词landmark可知，空处修饰该名词，表示“知名的，著名的”，故用形容词known。
【24题详解】
考查冠词。句意：教育界有句谚语说，哈佛是美国教育的皇冠，哈佛商学院是这顶皇冠上闪亮的钻石。该处泛指“一句格言”，且saying的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
【25题详解】
考查连词。句意：教育界有句谚语说，哈佛是美国教育的皇冠，哈佛商学院是这顶皇冠上闪亮的钻石。空前的
“Harvard
is
the
crown
of
American
education”和空后的“Harvard
Business
School
is
the
shining
diamond
on
it”为并列关系，故用连词and。
【答案】26.
C
27.
B
28.
D
29.
B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了人类未来的生活状况。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段第三句“No
two
homes
will
be
the
same.”（没有两个家是一样的），可知未来的家将各不相同。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段首句“Many
jobs
that
we
do
today
will
disappear,
others
will
still
exist
but
will
change
and
new
jobs
will
be
created.”（我们今天所做的许多工作将消失，其他工作仍将存在，但将发生变化，新的就业机会将被创造。），可知未来将见证工作的变化。故选B项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段首句中的“Space
holidays
will
develop
in
the
future,
but
these
holidays
won't
be
for
everyone
because
they
won't
be
cheap.”（太空度假在未来会发展，但这些假期不会适合所有人，因为它们不会便宜。），可推断出太空旅行只适用于富人。故选D项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段第三句“This
will
develop
in
order
to
save
natural
resources.”
（这是为了节约自然资源而发展的。），可知这样可以节约自然资源。故选B项。