(共30张PPT)
名词性从句
名词性从句
表语从句
宾语从句
主语从句
同位语从句
判断下列句子是否名词性从句？
1 China is no longer what it used to be.
2 The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3 It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4 How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us .
5The news that they had won the game soon spread over the school.
6 I wonder why he refused my invitation.
（表语从句）
（同位语从句）
（状语从句）
（主语从句）
（同位语从句）
（宾语从句）
7 The news that you told me yesterday was really interesting.
8 That is where luxun used to live.
9 He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
10 Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school
（定语从句）
（表语从句）
（状语从句）
（定语从句）
11 It has been decided that he will be
sent there.
12 It happened that I wasn't there
that day.
13wethough it strange that xiaowang did not come yesterday
14 He has made it clear that he will
not give in.
15 Whoever comes will be welcome.
（主语从句）
（主语从句）
（宾语从句）
（宾语从句）
名词性从句有何共同特征呢？
1 功能：相当于名词
2语序：要用陈述语序
3 连接词：有共同的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词
可分为三类： 1.连接词that,whether,if，as if （不充当从句的任何成分）
2.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。
3.连接副词：when, where, how, why
1 _____ he will come is certain.
2 I think ____he will be all right
in a few days
3 My suggestion is ___we should
send a few comrades to help them.
4 The idea___ all people are
selfish is wrong.
that 在名词性从句中只起连接作用
没有意义也不充当句子成分 （能省略吗？）
That
that
that
that
1This is the book _________ I bought
yestday
2 This is the boy __________ I speak
just now.
that/which
who/that
定语从句中that 有何功能呢？
1 ________he will come today is not decided.
2 I dont know _______I will stay or not.
3 I went in and asked _________ they had a cheap suit.
4 The question is ______ it is worth doing.
5 They asked me the question ______ the work was worth doing.
whether 与 if 有何区别呢
Whether
whether
whether/ if
whether
whether
1 I really dont know ____ he is doing.
2 Pay attention to ____ the teacher said.
3 This is ____ made me angry.
4 The place is not _____ it used to be.
5 The shocking news made me realize _____
terrible problems we should face.
6 ______ team will win is uncertain.
7 Sorry I am late ,but you can't imagine _____
great trouble it took to your house.
8 I don't know ____ book it is.
what
what
what
what
what
which
what
whose
what 在名词性从句中有何功能呢？
1 Do you know __________ they are
waiting for
2 He ask ______ dictionary it is
3 The question is _____ will come here.
4 I had no idea _____ had stolen the
ham from the butcher.
5 He is not _______he was 5 years ago.
who/whom
whose
who
who
who和whom在从句中有何功能呢
what
连接副词的用法；它们做什么成分呢？
1 I don't know _______ we are going to have
the meeting tomorrow.
2 _______ he became a great scientist is known
to us all.3
3 You ate too much,and that's _____ you had
a stomacheache.
4 You had a stomacheache,and that is ______ you
ate too much.
5 The reason ______ I caught a cold is _____ I wore
little yesterday.
6 My question is _____ he will come back to China.
when
how
why
because
why
that
when
怎样选择合适的连接词
1 ___he will come is certain.
2 I think ____he will be all right in a few days.
3The question is ____it is worth doing.
4____will help him is not known.
5____ he said is very interesting.
6____team will win is not clear.
That
that
whether
Who
What
Which
7 He asked ____ mother she is
8 That is____ he was born.
9 This is ____he was late.
10 The reason ____he was late was ___he got up late.
11 _____breaks the law will be punished.
12______will replace him as our guide is not known.
whose
where
why
why
that
Whoever
Who
1 ___ has helped to save the drowning girl is
worth praising.
A who B The one C No matter who D Whoever
2 These wild flowers are so special that I would
do_____ I can to save them.
A whatever B that C which D whichever
3 My mother asked ___ with me.
A What was the wrong BWhat the matter was
C What matter was D What was the matter
4 A modern city has been set up in ___was a
wasteland ten years ago.
A what B which C that D where
D
A
D
A
主语从句注意事项
1It is necessary/important/natural
/strange that sb should do sth
2 It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that
3 It is suggested/requested/
proposed that
宾语从句
一个坚持：insist
二个命令：order,command
四个建议: suggest,advice,propose,recommend
五个要求 ask,demand,require,request ,desire
表语从句
The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。常用的还有the reason is that… 和It /That is because 等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can
make good preparations in such
a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the
support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are
behind the other classes.
4) The reason why he is late for
school is that he missed the early bus.
同位语从句
同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如：
The fact that she is ill should be considered.
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词
后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary
that the sports meeting was put off.
引导同位语从句的连词除that外，还可以用how, when, where, why, 等。
He can’t answer the question
how he got the money.
同位语从句一般在下列词的后面
belief, fact, fear, hope, idea, news, problem, reason, result, possibility等。如：
I have no idea when he will return.(共26张PPT)
高中英语语法专题指导课件---状语从句
时间状语从句
原因状语从句
地点状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
引导词
when
whenever
as
while
before
after
until (till)
since
as soon as
once
each/every time
next time
the first/…time
the moment
the minute
instantly
immediately
directly (一…就…)
no sooner…than
hardly/scarcely…when
1)when的用法：was doing…when, be about to do… when“正在做had done…when;be on the point of doing … when
某事/正要做….突然发生另一件事”。
2.)几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别：
It is + 时刻 + when…
It is/has been + 段时 + since…
It will be/was + 段时 + before (现在时/过去时).“过一段时间…才”
3).before的用法：
A：表“还未来得及…就…”
B：表“过一段时间才…”，
4).until的用法：在not…until结构中，谓语用短暂性动词， “直
到…才”;谓语为延续性动词，用until表“一直持续到…”。
考查重点
5) no sooner…than
hardly/scarcely…when 刚……就
A. 时态：主句用过去完成时（had + pp）
从句用一般过去时
B. 倒装： no sooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要
到装
She had no sooner arrived at the station than the train started to move.
No sooner had she arrived at the station than ….
He had hardly entered the hotel when it began to snow.
Hardly had he entered the hotel when it began to snow
1.We were told that we should follow the main road____
we reached the central railway station.
A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever
2.It is almost five years ____ we saw each other last time.
(2005北京)
A. before B. since C. after D. when
3.Simon thought his computer was broken _____ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on. (2005北京春)
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
B
B
A
4.The American Civil War lasted four years ____ the North
won in the end.(2005广东30)
A. after B. before C. when D. then
5.--Did Jack come back early last night？ (2005福建)
--Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock_____ he arrived home.
A. before B. when C. that D. until
6.We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm
started .(2004北京春)
A. when B. while C. until D.before
B
B
A
because, since, as, for, now( that), considering (that),
seeing (that)
考虑到／鉴于
鉴于／由于／因为
考查重点because, since, as, for
because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why
since – 通常放句首．译为“既然”
as– 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱．
for– 放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明 。
1.Parents should take seriously their children's requests for
sunglasses ____eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
A. because B. though C. unless D. if
2.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at
Canada, ____ this was a memory she especially treasured.
A. as B. if C. when D. where
A
A
地点状语从句由where. wherever引导。where指“在某个地方”，
wherever指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方”，在使用时：一要注
意两者的含义区别。二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别。三
要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词+which引导。出题者既考状
语从句又考定语从句和状语从句的区别。还加入名词性从句这
一干扰项。
1.If you are traveling____the customs are really foreign to your own，
Please do as the Romans do.
A.in which B.what C.when D.where
2.In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help___
there is human suffering.
A.whoever B.however C.whatever D.wherever
3.--Mom，what did your doctor say？
--He advised me to live____the air is fresher.
A.in where B.in which C.the place where D.where
D
D
D
目的状语从句和结果状语从句
引导目的状语从句连词有：in case, so that, in order that,
for fear that。 so that引导状语从句只能置于主句之后。In order
that引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后。目的状语从句的谓语常
含有can，could，may，might情态动词。这也是与结果状语从句
的一个区别。引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that，
such…that.结果状语放在主句之后。
注意：在so…that，such…that结构中一般成分齐全。这也是
与as引导定语从句的区别。在so…as，such…as 这一结构中，
as引导定语从句，在句中做成分。
1.Roses need special care ____ they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even D. as (04全国卷I)
2.I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ____I can have time for a cup of tea. (2005北京)
A. as soon as B. as a result C.in case D. so that
3.You'd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ____ you have to wait. (2005广东)
A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that
4.His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it. (2006陕西)
A. so B. and C. that D.as
B
D
C
C
if
as/so long as
as far as
unless
in case（如果）
suppose/supposing (that)
Providing/provided (that)
on condition that
given (that)
条件状语从句一般考查三点：
1)在条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用一般过
去时表过去将来时。
2)if，unless，in case是考查重点。
3)when还可表条件，这一点不可忽视。意思是：既然，考虑到。
如：
How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time
watching television？他们把所有空闲的时间都用来看电视了，
还能学到什么东西呢？
1._____you call me to say you're not coming，I'll see you at the theatre. (2004吉林)
A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless
2.---What would you do if it ___ tomorrow？
---We have to carry it on，since we've got everything ready. (05全国)
A.rain B. rains C.will rain D. is raining 3.You must keep on working in the evening ____ you are sure you can finish the task in time. (2005安徽)
A. as B. if C. when D.unless
D
B
D
4._______you've tried it，you can't imagine how pleasant it is. (06北京)
A.Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 5.In time of serious accidents，____we know some basic things about first aid，we can save lives. (2006重庆)
A.whether B. until C. if D. unless
A
C
让步状语从句的连词有：though /although“尽管”，even if /even
though“即使”，no matter how(what，when，which，who，
where)，however(whatever，whenever，whichever，whoever，
wherever), as“尽管”
1)although与though可互换，都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。
2)However引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。
3)While也可引导让步状语从句，这一点特容易被考生忽视。
4)Whatever修饰名词，“无论什么”，however修饰形容词、副词，“无论多么，无论怎么”。
5)even if/even though(即使)与as if/as though(好像)这两组学生容易混淆，也是出题者关注的对象，平时要记准含义。
1.____，I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.(04上海春)
A. However the story is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
2.____I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person. (04江苏)
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
3.You should try to get a good night’s sleep_____ much work you have to do.(04湖北)
however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
C
A
A
4.He tried his best to solve the problem，_____difficult it was. (05天津)
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although
5.Allow children the space to voice their opinion_____they are different from your own. (05湖南)
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
6.The old tower must be saved，________the cost . (05浙江)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever
7.___he has limited technical knowledge，the old worker has a lot of experience.(06全国卷I)
A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although.
A
B
B
D
as／like
as if/as though
than / as—注意省略
The project was completed earlier than (it was) expected.
He worked as fast as a skilled worker (worked).
Repeat this as often as (it) is necessary.
Then see a doctor as soon as (it is) possible.
Do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens
Do it like I tell you.
（1）连词 + 过去分词
Don’t speak until spoken to.
Pressure can be increased when needed.
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.
（2）连词 +现在分词
Look out while crossing the street.
（3）连词 + 形容词 / 其他常见的有 if necessary, if possible,
when necessary, if any等。
状语从句中从句的省略现象
(08·安徽)— Have you got any particular plans for the
coming holiday
— Yes, , I’m going to visit some homes for the
old in the city.
A. If ever B. If busy
C. If anything D. If possible
考查省略句。此句的意思是：“你们为即将到来的假期做了特别的计划没？”“是的，如果有可能的话，我们将去拜访这座城市的老年之家。”if possible是if it is possible 的省略形式。
剖析
tips
由as, once，when，while，before，after，till，until引导的时间状语从句;由if，unless，whether引导的条件状语从句;由though，although，even if，whatever引导的让步状语从句；由as，than引导的比较状语从句；由as，as if，as though引导的方式状语从句都可以出现省略现象，当然应该遵循一定的规则。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be.
He looked everywhere as if ( he was ) in search of
something.
(2) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was)
expected.
(3) He opened his lips as if ( he were) to speak.
5、状语从句的倒装问题
问题1：
1、So difficult _____ to live in an English-speaking country
that I determined to learn English. (01 上海)
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
2、Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the
pollution was. (95 NMET)
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：① 否定词开头；
② so 加 adj. 开头；③ as / though引导的让步状语从句。
D
A
特别注意：
Hardly … when …
No sooner … than …
Child as he is, …
Hardly had he got to the station when the train left.
No sooner had he got to the station than the train left.
Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages.
6、状语从句与并列句的区别
问题1：
1、Though he is in his sixties, ______ he works as hard as a
young man
A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet
2、 Excuse me for breaking in, _________ I have some news
for you. (NMET02)
A. so B. and C. but D. yet
题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or;
but; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题2为
并列句，而“Excuse …, but …”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要
细心的分析句子结构和成分。
A
C(共29张PPT)
动词不定式
To do that sort of thing is foolish。
I want to see you this evening.
All you have to do is to finish it quickly.
We found a house to live in.
She came here to study English.
I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾补
作主语
To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.
To give up smoking is right.
1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。
2. 放弃吸烟是对的。
作宾语
Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。
2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。
作表语
My job is to teach English.
To see is to believe.
1. 我的工作是教英语。
2. 眼见为实。
作定语
Do you have anything to say
1. 你有什么要说的吗
2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人
Betty was the first to know the truth
作状语
He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.
They jumped with joy to hear the news.
I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.
目的状语.
原因状语.
结果状语
作宾补
She asked me to stay there.
1. 她叫我呆在这儿。
2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。
Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.
注意
A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listen to（二听）make, have, let（三让） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.
I heard them sing a pop song .
The teacher made me answer the question.
We watched them play football .
注意
B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not.
My father decided not to take up the job.
The teacher told us not to be late again.
注意
C. 带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词。
Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.
Can you tell me where to get the book
注意
D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。
A:Would you like to come to my party
Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).
B: Yes , I’d love to ( come to your party).
Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。
动词不定式的时态
1. I opened the door to enter the room.
2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
㈠. 一般式( to do ).
不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。
㈡.进行式( to be doing)
1. I am very glad to be working with you.
2. He is said to be coming.
如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。
动词不定式的时态
动词不定式的时态
㈢.完成式（to have done)
1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.
如果谓语表示的动作发生在不定式之前。
动词不定式的语态
㈠.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done)
1. We want to learn English well.
2.Robert is said____abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.(NMET99)
to have studied B.to study
C. made D. to make
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.
动词不定式的语态
㈡.被动式( to be done / to have been done)
1. He didn’t like to be laughed at.
2. He claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98）
being badly treated B.treating badly
C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier
________ it more difficult. (MET99)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job. (NMET2000)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
高考题汇集：
3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _____the first computer. (MET1998)
to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented C. having invented
4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home. (MET2003)
much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle
in the street, but his mother told him ______. (NMET95)
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
6. Little Jim should love _____ to the theatre this evening. (MET 97)
to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. taking
7.There are five pairs ___,but I’m at a loss which to buy
to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
8. ________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping
C. Sleep D. Having sleep
9. With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
settled B. settling
C.to settle D. being settled
10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_____in making the earth a better place to live.
A.to have played B. to play
C. to be played D. to be playing
11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying ______their products more competitive.
to make B. making
C. to have made D.having made
12. The teacher asked us_______so much noise.
A.don't make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
1. —The light in the office is still on.
---Oh, I forgot .
A. turning it off B. turn it off C.. having turned it off D. to turn it off
2. She can’t help ______ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned
3. Not everybody has the ability in public.
A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
练习
4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teacher’s questions in class.
A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen
5.— Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day
--- __enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
7. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.
A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking
8. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.
A to have studied B to study
C to be studying D to have been studying
10. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
11. We agreed ___ here, but so far she hasn’t turned out yet.
A. having met B. meeting
C. to meet D. to have met
12. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning(共24张PPT)
动词不定式
一、不定式结构作主语
To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times.
To persevere means victory!
注①：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：
It’s a great pleasure to be here.
It is not an easy thing to master a language.
注②：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：
It took us five hours to get there.
It made us very angry to hear him talk like that.
注③：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如：
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It was difficult for me to do the work.
注④：某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上 “of + 名词词组” 来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如：
It’s kind of you to think so much of us.
It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.
It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.
It was careless of her to make such a mistake.
二、不定式结构作表语
1．主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
2．主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
My suggestion is to start work at once.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “to”，如：
All we have to do is push the button.
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
All I could do was send him a telegram.
三、不定式结构作动词宾语
1．“动词 + 带 to 的不定式结构”。这类动词常见的有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean, intend, begin, 等，例如：
I’ve arranged to meet him at ten o’clock.
I didn’t expect to find you here.
2．“动词 + 疑问词 + 带 to 的不定式结构”。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know, explain, remember, see, understand, wonder 等。
疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外），如：
I don’t know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there.
I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not.
We must find out what to do next / where to put it.
注① ：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如：
I find it difficult to understand him.
We thought it wrong not to help her.
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
注② ：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语, 只有在个别场合, 即在含有否定意义的带有介词 except 或 but (=except) 的结构中才能这样用，例如：
He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.
The child did nothing except weep.
She can do anything but sing.
He will do anything for you except lend you money.
They could do nothing but wait for the doctors to arrive.
注意不定式符号的省略问题！
四、不定式结构作定语
1．不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，如：
It’s time to go to bed.
He is not a man to bow before difficulties.
Have you anything to declare
She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening.
I want to get something to read during the vocation.
2．能带不定式结构作宾语的动词，转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语，如：
I don’t wish to quarrel with you.
→I have no wish to quarrel with you.
They will attempt to cross the river tonight.
→ They will make another attempt to cross the river tonight.
She promised not to do that again.
→ She made a promise not to do that again.
3．某些能带不定式结构作状语的形容词，转化成名词时，也能带不定式结构作定语，如：
He was obviously anxious to go.
→ His anxiety to go was obvious.
4．不定式结构与所修饰的名词，有时意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系，如：
He has a large family to support (= that he must support).
注：处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：
She has a lot of things to attend to.
The nurse has five children to look after.
Let’s first find a room to put the things in.
5．有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系，可以在不定式之前加上for + 名词词组，如：
Here’s a book for you to read.
He gave orders for the visitors to be shown in.
五、不定式结构作状语
不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
1．表示目的：
They ran over to welcome the delegates.
He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.
He went home to see his mother.
注①：不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语(参见以上三句)，但也有例外的情况，例如：
I stopped for him to speak to me.
He opened the door for the children to come in.
He brought a porter to carry the boxes / bags.
They sent a man to mend the window.
He stood up to be seen better.
注②：为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，特别是在不定式结构前有否定词 not 时，通常可以在不定式符号 to 之前加上 in order 或 so as，如：
He came here in order to see Charlie.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
He went early in order not to miss the train.
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him.
注③：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，这也是区别于其他功能的标志之一。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上in order，但却不可以加上so as ，如：
To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
(In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.)
To get the best results, use clean water.
2. 表示结果：
What have I said to make you so angry
He came round to find himself in hospital.
不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型：
① so …as to …
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time
② such (…) as to …
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
③ enough to …
The boy is old enough to go to school.
④ too … to …
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
注意：下列句子中的不表示结果，也无否定含义：
I’m only too glad to go. (= I’m very glad to go.)
I shall be only too pleased to get home. (= I shall be very pleased to get home.)
〖 only too (adv.) 极; 非常; 太;很 〗
☆☆有时，不定式结构还能表示一个随后发生的动作，相当于一个并列限定动词词组，这种不定式结构也表示结果，如：
She woke early to find it was raining.
He got home to learn that his father was ill.
这种表示结果的不定式结构具有下列几个特点：
① 不定式所表示的动作是随后发生的，相当于一个限定动词词组，如：
He arrived late to find the others had gone home.
He arrived late and found the others had gone home.
② 不定式根据是否需要停顿而决定与主句是否用逗号隔开。
He left his native country (,) never to return.
He returned home (,) to find his father lying sick in bed.
③ 不定式所表示的结果往往含有“令人意想不到”的意味，其中以“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。（有时也可以表示令人愉快、惊喜的结果），如：
He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.
④ 不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气，如：
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
注：不定式结构表示结果或表示目的，往往形式相似，这时，须根据词汇意义认真加以区别，试比较：
He arrived late to find the others had gone home. ( = He arrived late and found the others had gone home.)
He arrived late to avoid meeting Robert. ( = He arrived late in order to avoid meeting Robert.)
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
He went to the station to inquire about the times of trains. ( = He went to the station in order to inquire about the times of trains.)
3. 表示原因：（不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作）
She wept to hear the news.
I pretend to be happy to know him.
He laughed to see such fun.
She seemed surprised to meet us.
六、不定式结构作宾语补足语
Don’t force yourself to write when you have nothing to say.
He believed the earth to be a globe.
Did you see a young man enter the house
1．只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词：
① 表示“希望”“愿望”等心理状态的动词，如：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, encourage, trust 等。
What do you desire me to do
The director preferred her to act the old lady.
② 含有“让”“允许”“促使”“致使”等祈使意义的动词，如：let, allow, permit, decide, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, 等。
We mustn’t let this happen again.
His father put him to mind the sheep.
③ 带有“请求”“恳求”等感彩的动词，如：ask, desire, invite, beg, request, worry 等。
He begged me not to tell his father about it.
She was always worrying her father to take her to Paris.
④ 含有“建议”“劝告”等意义的动词，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。
He urged us to accept the compromise.
The dentist advised me to have the bad tooth pulled out.
⑤ 含有“命令”“强迫”“禁止”等意义的动词，如：order, command, require, charge, tell, make, oblige, force, drive, forbid, warn 等。
He required us to keep it a secret.
The doctor ordered him to stay in bed for a few days.
I warn you not to do that again.
⑥ 其他还有：help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。
He promised to teach me to swim.
We should train them to make use of reference books.
We are waiting for the train to stop.
2．既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：
△ see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, observe, feel, have;
△ imagine, find, discover, like, want, understand, hate, bring, get, leave, set
Did you see anyone enter the house
Don’t imagine yourself to be always correct.
We find him to be dishonest.
He set the boys to carry water.
I’ll leave him to solve the problem for himself.
注①：有些动词用不定式与用现在分词作宾语补足语，所表达的意义是有差别的。一般说来，用不定式表示一次性动作或动作的完成（即全过程）；而用现在分词则表示动作正在进行，即：谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行，如：
Did you see anyone enter the house
He saw his father talking with his teacher.
I once heard him sing this song.
She heard Mr. White singing in the next room.
注②：使用不定式作宾语补足语时，在有些动词后面，不定式符号to 应当省略。
△ 下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时，必须省去不定式符号to：
let, make, have, see, watch, notice, look at, observe, hear, listen to
He observed someone open the door.
I watched them get into the car.
Did you notice him leave the room
△feel 一词在使用 to do 型不定式作宾语补足语时，不带 to；在使用 to be 型不定式时，要带 to，如：
He felt them to be right.
Did you feel the earth shake
△ help 一词在使用不定式作宾语补足语时，可以带 to，也可以不带 to，如：
Do you often help your mother (to) do the housework
△使用不定式作宾语补足语的句子，改为被动结构以后，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，这时，“to”不可以省略，如：
The boss made them work from morning till night.
They were made to work from morning till night.
不定式的一般式所表示的动作，通常与主要谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或者是在它之后发生
例如：Who heard him say that
They invited us to go there this summer.
如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，这个不定式就要用完成式，如：
I’m glad to have seen your mother.
(cf. I’m glad to see you. )
七、不定式的完成式有下列用法
1．构成复合谓语，如：
He is said to have written a new book about workers.
(It is said that he has written a new book about workers.)
The enemy was reported to have surrendered.
(It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.)
She seemed to have heard about it already.
(It seemed that she had already heard about it.)
2．在某些作表语用的形容词后作状语，如：
You are lucky to have got tickets to the concert.
(=You are lucky that you have got tickets to the concert.)
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
(=I’m sorry I have given you so much trouble.)
She was very glad to have done something for the people.
3．在某些动词后作宾语，如：
He pretended not to have seen me.
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
4．有时还可以作主语、定语或构成复合宾语，如：
It was a great satisfaction to have revisited our native village.（主语）
So you are the one to have cleaned all these rooms.（定语）
They thought it a pity not to have invited her.（复合宾语）
She felt it an honour to have taken part in the work. （复合宾语）
如果主要谓语所表示的动作（或情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行，这时，不定式就要用进行式。
八、不定式的进行式主要有下列几种用法
1．构成复合谓语，如：
They are said to be building another bridge across the river.
They seem to be getting along quite well.
I happened to be going that way too.
2．在某些动词后构成复合宾语，如：
We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.
3．在某些动词后作宾语，如：
He pretended to be listening attentively.
4．有时可以作主语或状语，如：
I am glad to be working with you. (状语)
It’s nice of you to be thinking of us. (主语)
九、如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行，就需要用完成进行式，如：
They are said to have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan.
She wished to have been training as hard as the others.
It’s a great pleasure to have been working with you.
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。
十、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法
1．作主语：
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
2．作宾语：
She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
3．构成复合宾语：
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
4．构成复合谓语：
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
5．作定语：
Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office
6．作状语：
She was too young to be assigned such work.
十一、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）
He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）
The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）(共29张PPT)
情态动词的用法
情态动词的基本用法特点
1） 情态动词 除 ought 和 have 外，后面只能接动词
原型。 2） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第
三人称单数不加-s。 3） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分
词，等形式。
高中阶段都学过哪些情态动词呢
1 can / could / be able to
2 may/might
3 must / have to
4 shall / should
5 will / would
6 need / dare
7 ought to
1 can / could / be able to
1 Some of us can use computers now, but we
couldn't last year.（能力）
2 It will be sunny in the day time ,but it can
rain later on this evening（客观可能性）
3 ---Can I go now yes ,you can （请求和允许）
4 Could you wait a few days for the memory
（请求）
5 1 Can this news be true
2 It can't be our headmaster.he has gone to
Beijing.（表推测，主要用于否定和疑问）
*be able to 能用于各种时态。
can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。
*was / were able to : “设法做成某事”
相当于 managed to do sth.
succeeded in doing sth.。
1. can 与be able to 有何区别？
1. A computer ______ think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t
C. may not D. might not
2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able to
A
D
3. They will ______ run this machine on their own in three months.
A. can B. could C. may D. be able to
D
2 may / might
1 May I watch Tv after supper
Yes you may /No ,you mustn't.（请求许可)
2 It may be true ./ she may come tomorrow
/ He might have some fever（推测）
3 May you succeed ! May you have many
more days as happy as this one（祝愿）
may/ might as well 还是 -----好
we may as well stay where we are
5. — Could I borrow your dictionary
— Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
6. — Might I watch TV after supper
— Yes, you ________.
A. may B. must C. might D. can
C
A
3 must 语 have to 的 用法
1 You must come to school on time .
You mustn't waste any more time（必须,禁止）
2 Must I come back before ten
Yes ,you must.
No, you needn't./ don't have to
3 It must be our headteacher.
You must be hungry after a long walk.（推测)
4 I really must go now.
I have to go now,because my mother is in
hospital.( 不得不）
He must be reading, ____ he
You must do it yourself, ____ you
He must have gone over the article, ______he
It must have rained last night, _____ it
3、表推测语气的反意疑问句的构成
isn’t
don’t
hasn’t
didn’t
另外must 还有偏偏一定要的意思
why must you play the piano while others
are sleeping.
7. You ______ return the book now. You can
keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
8. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you
______ hurt yourself.
A. won’t ; can’t B. mustn’t ; may
C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’t
C
B
9. --Will you stay for lunch
--Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t
C. I needn’t D. I won’t
10. --May I pick a flower in the garden
-- ________.
A. No, you needn’t B. Not, please.
C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’t
B
C
4 shall 与 should
1用于一，三人称疑问句表示征求对方的意见
和 向对方请示
Shall the driver wait What shall we do next
2 用于 二 三人称陈述句表示命令警告，允诺，
威胁以及法律条文规定
You shall go with me / He shall be punished
You shall have the book when I finish it
All the children shall go to school at the age
of seven.
3表示劝告和建议
You should study hard.
4 表推测
They should have arrived by two o'clock
5用于if 条件句表示万一
Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.
Shoud I be free tomorrow ,I will come.
6 表竟然
I don't know why you should be so rude to
your mother
Tom’s father promised, “You ___have a new computer if you pass the coming examination,”
A.can B.should
C.shall D.may
C
------When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
-----They _____be ready by 12 : 00 . (
A. can B. should
C. might D. need
B
You ought to have helped him with his English, ____you
A. won’t you
B. ought not you
C. shouldn’t you
D. wouldn’t you
C
5 will 与 would 的用法
1 表示意志和意愿
I will never do it again.
They said that they would help us.
2 表请求，建议
Will you please take a message for me
Would you please pass him the book
3 表功能
This machine won't work.
4 表示习惯性动作与used to有何区别
Fish will die without water.
Every evening ,he would sit by the window.
6 need 语 dare的用法
既可做实意动词又可做情态动词。做情态动词用于
否定和疑问句而做实意动词可用于肯定，否定疑问
How dare you say such a thing
How dare you to say such a thing
He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he
She _____out alone at night. ( )
A.dare not to go
B. dares not go
C. doesn’t dare to go
D. doesn’t dares go
C
7 ought to 的 用法
1 表应该与 should 的 区别
You ought to take care of him.
You are his father .You ought to get him
to receive good education
2 表推测
He ought to be home by now.
He must be home by now.
一 情态动词+ 完成时表对过去的推测
1 must have done（仅用于肯定句)
2 can't /couldn't have done(用于否定疑问句）
3 may have done （肯定，否定均可)
4 might have done（肯定，否定均可)
二 表虚拟
1 should / could /would /might have done
三 needn't have done
would rather have done
had better have done
Jenny ____with him at that time, for I was having dinner with her in my home. ( )
A.can’t have been
B. mustn’t have been
C. must be
D. may be
A
They are disappointed at the English party. They say that it ___better organized. ( )
A.had been B. had to be
C. must have been D. could have been
D
---- Did you walked home by yourself last night
---- Yes, I did. But I think I _____. ( )
A. needn’t B. shouldn’t
C. may not have D. needn’t have
D
8. We______last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
9. There was plenty of time. She_____.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. mustn’t hurry D. needn’t have hurried
10. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise. She____something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said.
C
D
D
11. ----Did you scold him for his mistake
----Yes, but______it.
A. I’d rather not do
B. I’d better not do
C. I’d better not have done
D. I’d rather have not done
D(共28张PPT)
____ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
One learns a language by making mistakes and ___
them.
A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
Multiple choice
类型
年份 题量 不定式 -ing 过去分词
1996 2 1（18题） 1（23题）
1997 2 1（12题）
1998 2 1（25题）
1999 3 2（14、21题） 1（25题）
2000 2 1（19题） 1（22题）
近五年非谓语动词在高考中的复现率
过去分词
不定式
-ing 形式
非谓语动词
不定式的作用
不定式的时态
不定式的否定形式
不定式
近五年不定式考查了5道题，主要考查了不定式做宾语和
表语。此外还考了不定式的时态和否定形式。
1.作状语
2.作定语
3.作表语
4.作补语
过去分词
不定式
不定式的作用
1
[例1] NMET 2000 第19题
I’ve work with children before, so I know what ___ in my job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
B
解析
该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：
tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain…
解析
[例2] NMET 1999 第21题
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make.
B
不定式
不定式的作用
1
因为主语是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式，古表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is to…not to…do 句型，故选B 。
不定式的时态
2
[例3] NMET 1997第12题
I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
D
不定式
常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：
Would love, meant, hoped, planned, expected, promised, wish等
例如：I meant to have telephoned you, but I forgot.
解析
[例4] NMET 1999 第14题
Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
to have studied B. to study
C. to be study D. to have been studying
A
解析
该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。Would love(like) to 是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Would love+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望，而未曾实现”的意思。
不定式
不定式的否定形式
3
[例5] NMET 1996年
The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.
A. To eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat
C
解析
该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式， ① warn sb. not to do sth. ②warn sb. against doing sth. 该题应该用①结构。两外，not 应放在to之前。
在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice, observe,look at；三使役make,let, have;二听listen to,hear等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。
过去分词
过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。
1.作状语
[例1] NMET1996第23题
_____ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
C
解析
1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。
2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.
过去分词
2.作定语
[例2] NMET1997第17题
The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912.
A. First played B. to be first played
C. first playing D. to be first playing
A
解析
①过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。
② 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
所以A是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.
过去分词
3.作表语
[例3] NMET1998第23题
Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
C
解析
该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.
过去分词
4.作补语
解析
该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。The plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。See sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.
[例4] NMET2000第22题
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year.
A. carry put B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
C
-ing 形式
-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法
[例 ] NMET1998
European football is played in 80 countries, ___ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
A
解析
解析
Making it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面。如：
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself____ . (NMET91 34)
A.hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
2. On afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, ____ some bananas and visited her cousin. (NMET91 23)
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. writing
3. --I usually go there by train.
--Why not ____ by boat for a change (NMET92 14)
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
4. ____ a reply, he decided to write again. (MET92 39)
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
5. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden (MET93 17)
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
6. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
(MET93 24)
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
7. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer.
(MET93 34)
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
8. ---I must apologize for ____ ahead of time.
---That’s all right. (MET94 21)
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
9. Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle. (NMET94 22)
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
10. The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.(NMET94 25)
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
11. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94 34)
A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
12. ---You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ____ that. (NMET95 26)
A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told
him_____. (NMET95 35)
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
14. ---What do you think made Mary so upset
---____ her new bicycle. (97上海 13)
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
15. She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
(97 上海12)
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
16. She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden.
(95 上海20)
A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
17. While shopping, people sometime can’t help ____ into buying
something they don’t really need. (96上海14)
A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
18. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. (NMET99 21)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
19. A computer does only what thinking people _____. (99上海19)
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____
“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99 25)
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_____after drinking again
and again.
A.never to drive B.to never drive
C.never driving D.never drive
6. To master a foreign language,______.
A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice
C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice
20. The library needs ______,but it’ll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
4.Our father often told us in the past that _____is believing.
A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen
1.He gave us some advice on how____ English.
A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn
2. It ’s a pay day，and they are waiting____.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid
3. --- A letter may be too slow.
---- Why not ____ a telegram.
A.try sending B.try to send
C.to try sending D.trying to send
巩固练习
C
D
A
B
A
D
1._____is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.
A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk
2.When and where to build the new power station______yet.
A.is not decided B.are not decided
C.has not decided D.have not decided
3.Is______necessary to change trains at Beijing
A. this B. that C. it D. he
4.Our father often told us in the past that _____is believing.
A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen
5.She pretended____the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.
A.not to receive B.not receiving
C.not to hear from D.having not received
6.I can’t imagine_____that with such a famous author.
A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working
Non-infinitive
7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_____on a big rock by the side of the path.
A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest
8.Do you consider___any good attempting many scientific experiments
A.there B.it C.this D.that
9.I’m thirsty. Would you please give me something________.
A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking
10.There was a terrible noise_______the sudden burst of light.
A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed
11．Mrs.Smith warned her husband_____after drinking again
and again.
A.never to drive B.to never drive
C.never driving D.never rive
12.They knew her very well.They had seen her____up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow
13. Believe it or not, he was seen______upstairs just now.
A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go
14. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________all night.
A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned
15. The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _____behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
16. To master a foreign language,______.
A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice
C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice
17._________a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.
A. Not receiving B. Not to receive
C. Not having received D. Having not received
18. Little Jim should love _____to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
19. —What do you think of the book
—Oh, excellent. It’s worth ______a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
20. The library needs ______,but it’ll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned(共33张PPT)
（The Disjunctive Question）又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
反义疑问句
1.陈述部分肯定式 + 疑问部分否定式
They work here, don’t they
She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she
2.陈述部分否定式 + 疑问部分肯定式
You didn’t go, did you
He can’t ride a bike, can he
请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：
1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I‘m as tall as your sister, aren't I
I am a student, aren’t I
2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语
I wish to have a word with you, may I
3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she
Some plants never blown (开花), do they
There are few apples in the basket, are there
He can hardly swim, can he
They seldom come late, do they
She rarely speaks to you in English, does she
4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he / shouldn't he
5)陈述部分有 have to + v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we
They had to cross the busy street, didn’t they
6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he
She used to stay up late, usedn’t she
7)陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you
You’d better get up early, hadn’t you
8)陈述部分有would rather + v.疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he
9)陈述部分有You'd like to + v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You‘d like to go with me, wouldn't you
10)must在表示"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be a doctor, isn't he
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用
be +主语。
What colours, aren't they
What a smell, isn't it
12)陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we
Either you or he is right,_____
isn’t he
13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything, that, this nothing, 疑问部分主语用 it 。
Everything is ready, isn't it
14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a.并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
As Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he
b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he
c. 上述部分主句谓语是I ;we think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he
We believe she can do it better, can't she
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they (does he )
Nobody knows about it, do they (does he )
Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they
Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn’t it
Nobody will go, will they
16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we
He dare not say so, dare you
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词 do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she
17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you
Go with me, will you / won't you
注意:Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you
It is a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _______ Let us do this job,_______
Turn on the radio,_______
shall we
will you
will you
18)陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there
There will not be any trouble, will there
There were many people in the room then, weren’t there
19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he
6. 反义疑问句的回答用yes，no 但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。
They don’t work hard, do they
Yes, they do.
不， 他们工作努力。
No, they don’t.
对， 他们工作不努力。(共17张PPT)
现在分词与动名词
现在分词与动名词的基本形式你知道吗？
那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。
V+-ing
千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！
不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。
时 态 和 语 态
类 别 及 物 动 词 不及物动词
形式 主 动 被 动 主 动
一般式 doing being done doing
完成式 having done having been done having done
作主语：动名词
Teaching is my full-time job.
Writing an English composition is not easy.
It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.
作表语
（1）动名词
My job is teaching.
= Teaching is my job.
Her full-time job is laying eggs.
=Laying eggs is her full-time job.
（2）现在分词
The play is exciting.
≠ Exciting is the play.
The story he told us was very interesting.
≠Interesting was the story he told us.
作宾语：动名词
I have just finished doing my home work.
I suggested asking his brother for some money.
He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.
只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep on、look forward to、enjoy、include、
appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、
can’t help、miss。
太多了，怎么记呀？
别着急，我们来动动脑筋。有了，你看：
抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成考不错
作宾语补足语：现在分词
I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.
The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.
能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：
make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。
对了，用“三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”。多简单！
⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。
a washing machine
＝ a machine for washing
a swimming pool
＝ a pool for swimming
This is a new washing machine.
作定语
作定语
⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。
a developing country ＝ a country which is developing
a sleeping boy＝ a boy who is sleeping
The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
China is a developing country.
作 状 语
现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。
Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（时间）
Being ill, he went home. （原因）
European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 98)（结果）
He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴随）
Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(条件）
V + -ing 形式用法归纳
现 1、作表语 (与动名词的区别）
在 2、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词）
分 3、作定语（与动名词的区别）
词 4、作状语
动 1、作主语
名 2、作表语 (与现在分词的区别）
词 3、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的动词）
4、作定语（与动名词的区别）
The end(共17张PPT)
1.作定语
2.作表语
4.作状语
3.作宾补
过去分词
单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的
前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰
词的后面。
English is a widely used language.
This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
过去分词作定语
过去分词
作定语
A. first played B. to be first played
C. first playing D. to be first playing
A
解析
①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C. did not include
women players until 1912.
Do you know the name of the play___ in the hall now
A. to be put on B. being put on
C. put on D. putting on
C
B
A
A
4. Please don’t forget him. He is one of _______.
A. those invited B. invited those
C. those inviting D. inviting those
3. I borrowed a book ______ by Mark Twain from
the library last week. I like it very much.
A. written B. writing
C. was written D. to write
1. Did you attend the meeting ______yesterday
A. to be held B. having been held
C. held D. being held
过去分词作表语
1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示
动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。
2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为
动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。
① The glass is broken.
The glass was broken by Tom.
② The windows are closed.
The windows are closed by Jack.
3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,
surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去
分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用
作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动
意味。
① How did the audience receive the new play
They got very excited.
③ She was very disappointed to hear the result.
④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.
② How did Bob do in the exams this time
Well, his father seems pleased with his results.
过去分词
作表语
C
解析
该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.
Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing B. got losing
C. grew lost D. got lost
C
D
C
3. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents
are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at
B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with
D. disappointed; disappointing by
1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted B. painting
C. being painted D. to be painted
过去分词作宾补
1.从时间上：表动作已经完成。
come, go, fall, change(表位移,变化的不及物动词)
I found the countryside changed a lot.
2.从语态上:表被动.
I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
过去分词
作宾补
1.表“希望，要求”的动词：
want, wish, expect, wish, like, order
+ (to be) done
I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.
Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.
2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：
see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think
+ object + p.p.
We saw the thief caught by the police.
People found the water polluted.
make, get, have, keep
3.使役动词
I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
= I want to get the barber to cut my hair.
= I want to let the barber cut my hair.
4.介词短语作宾补
with, without + n. + p.p.
Do you know the man with his hands tied back
They left without a dish touched.
The murderer was brought in , with his
hands _____ behinds his back .
A .being tied B .having tied
C .to be tied D .tied
D
过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
a、表示时间
Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
b、表示条件
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain
fresh.
If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
c、表示原因
d、表示伴随情况
e、表示让步
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.
Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to
let out the secret.
过去分词
1.作状语
___ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
C
解析
1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主句主语。
2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought 按句子提供的语境可用结构B.
________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
C
Before _____, the machine must be checked.
being used B. using it
C. being used to D. using
A
____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ____ them light.
A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving
D(共49张PPT)
Adverbial Clauses
（状语从句）
我们都知道在书面英语中不能写没有谓语的句子。谓语可用状语来修饰，状语主要由副词或与之相当的其他词类、短语或从句担任，下面主要讲述状语从句，特别是状语从句中的注意事项。
1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（时间状语从句）
Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:
2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason(原因状语从句）
3.Adverbial Clauses of Conditions(条件状语从句）
4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句）
5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句）
6.Adverbial Clauses of Result（结果状语从句）
7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较）
8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession(让步）
9.Adverb Clauses of Manner(方式状语从句 )
When I heard the news,I jumped with joy.
I owed Jack 100yuan when I was in london.
I.when/while/as 的区别
While I was reading,he came in.
I made some friends while I was in london
As time goes by, he knows a lot.
The students sang as they walked.
时间状语从句
when, while, as 三者的具体用法关键在于动作发生的时间及从句的动词。while 表时间，从句需用延续性动词，不用瞬间动词；when 表时间，从句既可用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词；as 表时间，与when 相似，但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行，可用延续行动词的一般过去式表式过去进行时。when, while 后还可以接分词短语。when 作并列连词，表示一个动作在发生时，另一个动作接着发生，这时就不能用while、as。
I was walking on the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder. while 作并列连词，表示两种情况对比。 He was playing the guitar while his sister was watching TV.
1 Don't be afraid of asking for help____it is needed.
A unless B since C although Dwhen
2 Why do you want a new job___you've got such a good one already
A that B where Cwhich D when
3____I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually
like the person.
A while Bsince C before DUnless
4He likes pop music，——I am fond of folk music.
A while Bsince C before DUnless
D
D
A
A
2 as soon as, immmediately directly instantly, the moment ,the minute,the sceond,every time, each time, next time no sooner ...than hardly...when scarcely...when
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
The moment I heard the voice,I knew
father was coming
Next time you come here,do remember
bring your son here.
直到他妈妈回来他才上床睡觉
1)He will not go to bed until(till) his
mother comes.
2)Not until his mother came back did he
go to bed.
3)It was not until his mother came back
that he went to bed.(强调结构）
3 till, until
问题2： 1) — Was his father very strict with him when he was at school
— Yes. He had never praised him he became one of the top students in his grade. （03北京春季）
A．after B．unless C．until D．When
2) Simon thought his computer was broken ________ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
（05北京春季）
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
C
A
until / till “直到……止”(肯定句，主句是延续性动词);
not…until “直到……才”(否定句，主句是终止性动词);
until 可用于倒装句和强调句，till不用于句首。
Not until I returned did she finish her homework.
It was not until I returned home that she finished her homework.
4 before, after,since
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
Please write it down before you forget it.
Before I could get in a word,he hung up.
It is five years since he left here.
It is five years since he enjoyed a good meal.
问题3： 1、The American Civil War lasted four years ______ the North won in the end. (05广东卷)
A. after B. before C. when D. then
2、He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _____ it got worse. （03北京）
A. until B. when C. before D. as
B
C
before 从句是高考中的一大热点，从时间概念上不难作出判断。注意它的翻译：在肯定句中一般翻译成“…（主句的动作）才…（从句的动作）”，如题1；或“还没有…（从句的动作）就…（主句的动作）”，如题2。
问题4： — Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her
— Yes, I gave it to her _______ I saw her. （01北京春季）
A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once
B
the time（当……的时刻）, the moment / minute / second / instant (一… 就… ), next time (下次), the first time(第一次…的时候), the last time (上次…的时候)，immediately（一…就…）, instantly（一…就…）, directly（一…就…）等词或词组可引导表示时间的状语从句；还有一些表示习惯性动作的词如：every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等也可引导表示时间的状语从句。
X. by the time
1)By the time he arrived,the train had already
gone.
2)By the time he comes,we will already have left.
2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason
(原因状语从句）
because, since, as,
now that, for
I. because
1)The ship changed its course because there
was a storm.
2)Because he was ill,he didn’t go to school.
II.since
1)Since you are ill,you’d better go to see the doctor.
2)Since you do not understand ,I will
explain again.
IV. now that
1)Now that class is over,let’s go to play
football.
V.for
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
III.as
1)As she was late for class,she had to say
sorry.
2)As Jane was the oldest in this family,
she had to look after the others.
其他表示原因的方法
because of, thanks to, due to, owing to
on account of, as a result of,
The train arrived late on account of
a heavy snow.
Thanks to your help,I passed the test.
His failure is due to the fact that
he lacks experience.
3.Adverbial Clauses of Condition
(条件状语从句）
if,unless,so (as)long as, in case,
on condition that,
suppose/supposing（用于问句)
provided/providing that
As long as you don't lose heart,you will succeed.
In case there is fire, what will you do first
I will go provided/providing that my expenses are paid.
Suppose they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help
II.unless
1)We can’t write to Mary unless she tells us
her address.
We can’t write to Mary if she doesn’t tell us
her address.
*III.as long as(只要 )
1)I will never give up learning as long as I live.
2)You may borrow the book as long as you
keep it clean.
*IV.on condition that（条件是）
We’ll let you use the room on condition that
you keep it tidy.
*V.in case(万一）
You’d better take your raincoat with you in case
it rains.
问题1：
1、The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国）
A．as long as B．while
C．if D．even though
2、 It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health. （05重庆卷）
A. unless B. whenever
C. although D. if
C
A
unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非…”“如果不…就…”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。
问题2：
1、_____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季）
A. As long as B. As far as
C. Just as D. Even if
2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ________ I have to wait. （05全国卷3）
A．in case B．so that
C．in order D．as if
B
A
as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要…”，as far as 表示“就…而论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用B。in case 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。
4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句）
You may find him where his parents live.
You are free to go wherever you like
注意where 引导的定语从句与状语从句的区分
you'd better make a mark where you have any questions.
you'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.
5让步状语从句的从属连词：
although/though,even though,
Although it was raining hard,yet they
went on playingfootball.
He said he would come,he didn't,though.
As引导的让步状语从句须倒装
Child as he is ,he knows a lot.
Much as I like it,I won't buy it.
Try as he might,he could not find a job.
(三)让步状语从句
让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。
e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.
3、让步状语从句
问题1：
1、 _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the
person. （04江苏）
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own. (05湖南卷）(B)
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
A
B
while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。
问题2：
1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, ___ difficult it was.
（05天津卷）
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although
2、The old tower must be saved, ______the cost. （05浙江）
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．wherever
A
B
no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：
no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。
如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如：
Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt. Whoever can help us will be welcome
6 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词
so...that,so...that,such...that
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
It is ___ fine weather that we all
want to go to the park.
such
当such或 so 置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
Such a clever student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
7 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的引导词有: so that,in order that,for fear that,in case,lest
The boy hid himself behind the tree
in case/for fear that his father should see him.
Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.
7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较）
as…as,not as(so)…as,
more/-er…than,less…than
1)He doesn’t work so hard as you do.
2)There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B.
3)The more you worry,the less you’ll succeed.
4) Gold is much heavier than any other metal
9.Adverb Clauses of Manner(方式状语从句)
1) You must try to do as I did.
2)Let’s do as Mrs. Li teaches us.
*3)He talks as if he knew all about it. (好象)
1.John shut everybody out of the kitchen ____ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
which B. when C. so that D. as if
2.Don’t be afraid of asking for help _____ it is needed.
A. unless B. since C. although D. when
3.Roses need special care _____ they can live through winter.
Because B. so that C. even if D.as
4.They wanted to charge $5,000 for the car, ____ we managed to bring the price down.
A. but B.so C.when D.since
5.---What would you do if it _____ tomorrow
----We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.
A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining
6.I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ____ I have to wait.
A.in case B.so that C.in order D.as if
7.It is almost five years_____ we saw each other last time.
A.before B.since C.after D.when
8.Simon thought his computer was broken ___his little bother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
A.until B.unless C.after D.because
9.I’m like to arrive 20 minutes early____I can have time for a cup of tea.
A.as soon as B.as a result C.in case D.so that
10.He tried his best to solve the problem, _____ difficult it was.
A.however B.no matter
C.whatever D.although
11.A god storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity____ he reaches the end of the story.
when B.unless. C.after D.unhill
12. He never thought that his success came____ he least wanted it.
A.while B.when C.until D.since
13.Food shortage will long be a worldwide problem____ much has been done to supply enough for everyone.
before B. if C. since D. although
14.----Do you think we can get there on time
-----Yes, ____the car doesn’t break down.
A. if only B.even if C.in case D.so long as
15.It was some time later _____ we realized the truth.
until B.before C.that D.since
16.How can they learn much ___they spend so much time hanging about
although B.when C. what D.before
17.Lucy, the boy was frightened by the terrible noise from the next room. take him ____ it’s quiet, I think.
A.when B.where C.what D.before
