深圳牛津英语八上Module 2 Unit 4 Inventions 词汇讲义

Unit 4 Inventions Words
单词和短语
advertisement n.广告 [ d v t sm nt] advertise v.做广告advertiser n.广告商
funny adj.滑稽的，好笑的 ['f ni] (funnier funniest) funnily adv. 有趣的；奇特的；古怪的 = in a strange mannerfun n. =sth.that you enjoy; joy乐趣；玩笑 for fun为了好玩have fun= have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心make fun of=laugh at 取笑
create v.创造，创作 [kri e t] =make creative adj.有创造力的 creation n. 创造
telephone n.电话，电话机 [f n]
wheel n.车轮，轮子 [hwi l]
comfortable adj.使人舒服的，舒适的 ['k mf t bl] comfort v.安慰；使舒适 comfortably adv. 舒服地uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
carriage n.（旧时载客的）四轮马车 [ k r d ]
century n.世纪 ['sent ri] = a hundred years
passenger n.乘客，旅客 ['p s nd ]
invent v.发明，创造 [ n'vent] =make up; think of; produce for the first timeinvention n. 发明物 inventor 发明家
practical adj.有用的，适用的 [ pr kt k( )l] =usefulpractice n. 练习practise v. 练习；锻炼 practise doing sth. 练习做某事
since prep.自从 [s ns] since conj.自从；因为
distance n.距离，间距 [ d st ns] distant adj.遥远的
mobile phone n.移动电话，手机 =cellphone
anytime adv.在任何时候; 随便什么时候 ['en ta m] =whenever
develop v.开发，研制; 发展 [d 'vel p] development n.发展with the development of 随着......的发展 developing adj. 发展中的developed adj. 发达的
lamp n.灯 [l mp]
candle n.蜡烛 ['k ndl]
daytime n.白天，日间 ['de ta m]
dust n.灰尘，尘土 [d st]
special adj.特殊的，特别的 ['spe l] specially adv. 特别；尤其
wing n.（飞行器的）翅膀，机翼 [w ]
introduction n.引言 [ ntr d k ( )n] introduce v. 介绍
instead of prep.代替，作为...的替换 in place of
petrol n.汽油 [ petr( )l] =gas
since then 自那以来 =from then on
keep in touch with 与...保持联系
in the daytime 在白天
keep...off 使...不接近
at the same time 同时
introduction 引言；指示 develop 开发；发展
special 特别的 comfortable 舒服的
create 创作 funny 滑稽的；好笑的
advertisement 广告 century 世纪
passenger 乘客 practical 有用的；实际的
invent 发明 distance 距离
distant 遥远的 daytime 白天
petrol 汽油 wing 翅膀
instead of 作为……的替代 since then 自…….以来
keep in touch with 与……..保持联系 in the daytime 在白天
keep …off 使………不接近，远离 at the same time 同时
have fun 玩的开心 at the start of 20th century 在20世纪
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 turn into 变成
二、英汉互译
in the early 19th century_______________ 2.电灯泡__________________
in the daytime_____________________ 4.millions of __________________
each other_________________________ 6.过更好的生活_________________
从那以后________________________ 8.与...保持联系___________________
想象做某事_______________________ 10.允许某人做某事________________
三．要点讲解:
1.Listen to advertisements for four funny inventions. 听四则有趣发明的广告.
(1).advertisement n.广告(可数) ad 缩写 advertise v.做广告，登广告
They will put an________ in the newspaper.
.funny adj.可笑的；滑稽的
You’re an extremely funny man. 你是一个非常滑稽的人。
fun与funny的区别: fun与funny都可以作形容词，但它们的意思不同,
fun意为有趣的，fun还可以作名词，意为乐趣,有趣的事物。
funny意为滑稽的，比较级为funnier，最高级为funniest。
2.Write a short article about a new invention that you will create. 写有关你要创造的1项新发明的短文。
create v.创作,创造 creation n.创造物,作品 creator n.创造者
creative adj.有创造力的 creativity n.创造力
The ______ _______ the _______ ,he is _______. 这个创造者创作了这个作品，他很有创造力。
【辨析】 create 和 make
create 创造，创作。创造出原来并不存在的东西。
He created a new idea. 他创造了一个新想法.
make 创造，制作。通过工作制造出某种东西。
The workers make watches in the factory. 工人们在工厂制造手表.
3.telephone n.电话,电话机 缩写形式是phone,mobile phone移动电话,手机
I don’t have a telephone. 我没有一部电话.
telephone v. 给……打电话
I telephone my grandpa every week. 我每周给爷爷打电话.
给某人打电话的表达：
①telephone /phone sb I often telephone /phone my mother about my study.
②call sb Please call me.
③give sb a call I gave my father a call yesterday.
④make a telephone call to sb My friends often make a telephone call to me.
4.After its invention, traveling became faster and more comfortable. 它发明后旅行变得更快更舒适了.
comfortable adj.舒适的，其比较级是more comfortable，最高级是 the most comfortable
comfortably adv.舒适地 uncomfortable adj. 使人不舒服的
A home should be _________ and friendly. 家应该让人感觉到舒适、亲切的.。
5.In the early 19th century....在19世纪早期
century n.世纪(可数) in the+序数词+century 在…世纪
in the early 19th century = at the start of the 19th century. 在19世纪初
in the late 19th century = at the end of the 19th century. 在19世纪末
He was the most famous writer in the 19th. 他是19世纪最著名的作家.
Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876.
Alexander Graham Bell在1876年发明了第一批可用的电话之一。
invent v.发明 invention n发明 inventor v.发明家
invent与discover
invent发明 指客观上没有，发明以前未曾有过的东西，如新发明的使用工具，方法
discover 发现 指发现客观已存在，但是不为人知的东西或者事情；
Gilbert discovered electricity,but Edison invented the electric light bulb.
practical adj.实用的 拓展：practice n. 练习 practise v. 练习
Our clothes are lightweight, fashionable and_______ for holidays.
我们的服装轻便，时尚，很适合度假穿。
7.Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879.爱迪生1879年发明了第1批可用电灯。
develop v. 发展,开发,研发
We need to develop solar energy. 我们需要开发太阳能。
拓展： development n.发展 developed adj.发达的 developing adj.发展中的
发达国家：a developed country 发展中国家：a developing country
They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.
它们容许人们在任何时候，在任何地点彼此保持联系。
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 allow doing 是某人允许做某事
We don't allow________ in our house. 在我们家里不容许吸烟。
They allow their children_______to the park. 他们允许孩子们去公园。
keep in touch with sb.= stay in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系
Do you still keep in touch with your parents after you leave them
你离开父母以后还经常与他们保持联系吗？
With light bulbs,people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.
用电灯, 人们在晚上做和明天一样多的事情.
as many+复数名词+as one can 和…一样多的…
You can borrow as many ______as he can. 你可以和他借一样多的书。
10.The new cars made loud noises and frightened them. 这些新汽车发出很大的噪音，让他们感到害怕。
make noises意思是：发出噪音，弄出生音；也可以用make a noise。
例如： Don’t make noises, your father is sleeping . 不要弄出声音，你爸爸正在睡觉。
辨析：noise ，voice， sound
noise 指吵闹、喧哗声，往往是不和谐，不悦耳的声音
voice 多指人和动物的嗓音.
sound 指人所能听到的自然界中的一切声音
练习
Please don’t make ______ in class. 请不要在课堂上制造噪音。
She often talks in a low ______. 她经常小声说话。
Light travels faster than______in the air. 在空气中光比声音传播的速度快。
11.Keep the dust off your shoes. 合你的鞋子远离灰尘.
keep off (使)不接近;远离
Keep the children off. It's dangerous here! 别让孩子们靠近, 这儿危险!
12. distance距离
【拓展】at a distance隔一段距离，距离稍微远一些
in the distance在远处
from the distance从远处
The cat came back__________________________. 这只小猫从远处回来了。
14.lamp n.灯 candle n. 蜡烛 bright adj.明亮的
turn off 关上= switch off turn on打开= switch on
Please ____________the ________. 请打开灯。
15.With sunlight, air and water, we can be alive on Earth.有了阳光、空气和水，我们才能在地球上生存。
with有 without没有
We can’t live__________________. 没有水，我们无法存活。
More Words and Phrases
1. be supposed to...应该…… feel+adj 觉得……
2. Do you think 在句中做插入语，放在特殊疑问词的后面
3. think of .... 认为
4. What do you think of ....你认为……怎么样？
5. What do you use it for 你用它做什么？
6. mobile phone 手机 7. light bulb 电泡
8. keep ...off.....使……远离，不接近 9. at the same time 同时
10. so many +n.(pl) 如此多的…… 11. so much +n.(不可数）如此多……
12. make noises=make a noise=make noise 制造噪音
13. as many +n.(pl) as one can 尽可能多的……
14. such +a/an +adj.+n 如此…… so +adj/adv 如此……
15. so+adj+a/an+n.(sing.)如此…… 16. lead to...导致，引起，通向
17. lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事 18.lead a ....life 过……的生活
词形填空
1.Edison was famous for his _______________(invent).
2. In the early ___________(twenty) century, cars became popular.
3. They allow people _____________(keep) in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.
4. Today _____________(thousand) of people across the world come to China.
5. America is a _____________(develop) country.
6. Lucy is the______________(tall) of the two.
7. English is as ____________(important) as Chinese.
8. This is the ___________(good) city that we have ever visited.
9. Great inventions help people live a better ________.(life)
10. Can you imagine _____________(live) without light bulbs
单选题.
( ) 1.My new shoes feel comfortable, so I like wearing them.
A.hard B. good C. soft and nice D. beautiful
( ) 2. Our company developed a new umbrella last month.
A.found B. bought C. created D. sold
( ) 3. This story happened a century ago.
a hundred years B. a few hundred years
C.a thousand years D. thousands of years
( ) 4. Your invention is clever, but not practical.
nice B. useful C. useless D. important
( ) 5. We can use solar power instead of petrol to make less pollution.
A. sad B. amusing C. unhappy D. in place of
( ) 6. At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular.
A. beginning B. end C. middle D. first
( ) 7. Since then, he has developed another bad habit.
at that moment B. from then on
C. a few days ago D. after a few days
( ) 8. Cars are not as fast as planes.
more fast than B. faster than C.more slow than D. slower than
( )9. The black smartphone is a little bit cheap, but it is ______ than others. I don't want to buy it.
the more worst B. more worse C. the worst D. much worse
( )10. I stayed in bed all day ______ going to work.
A. instead of B. instead C. because of D. because
CCABD ABDDA
二、完形填空（10）
When the school was over, I hurried back home to see my aunt Miss Lee. She just came back from _____16____yesterday. Miss Lee has been in America for about one year up to now. Every time when she tells us the____17____ things she has experienced in that country, she will never ____18____to mention one thing that happened.
Miss Lee had an American friend Alice who lived in the same neighborhood. One day she paid a visit to her home. Miss Lee saw the ____19___son of Alice playing with toys in the room. She walked towards the little boy and patted him on the head____20_____. But Alice stood aside without a word and didn’t look happy at all. Miss Lee was very embarrassed at the time but did not know what____21____
It was until one month later that Miss Lee began to know the____22_____. In China, to pat a person gently shows one likes the person. But in America, things____23____to be quite different. They feel very ___24____when others pat them.
The story tells us that the____25___body sign may mean differently in different countries.
16. A. America B. home C. China D. house
17. A. moving B. exciting C. interesting D. embarrassing
18. A. remember B. realize C. forget D. suffer
19. A. five years old B. five years C. five year D. five-year-old
20. A. heavily B. carefully C. gently D. rudely
21. A. caused B. produced C. made D. happened
22. A. reason B. test C. result D. game
23. A. be B. is C. are D. must
24. A. unhappy B. pleasant C. wonderful D. glad
25. A. same B. different C. good D. bad
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. C 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. A
【解析】试题分析：作者讲述了姑姑李女士在美国经历的尴尬事情，这个故事告诉人们，同样的肢体动作可能在不同的国家意思不同。
16.句意：她昨天刚从美国回来。A. America名词，美国；B. home名词，家；C. China名词，中国；D. house名词，房子。根据后文Miss Lee has been in America for about one year up to now. 可知，姑姑从“美国”回来。故选：A。
17.句意：每次当她告诉我们她在那个国家所经历的令人尴尬的事情时，她都不会忘记提到一件事。A. moving形容词，令人激动的；B. exciting形容词，令人兴奋的；C. interesting形容词，有趣的；D. embarrassing形容词，令人尴尬的。根据第二段最后一句Miss Lee was very embarrassed at the time but did not know what____17_____可知，本处指“尴尬的事情”。故选：D。
18.句意：每次当她告诉我们她在那个国家所经历的令人尴尬的事情时，她都不会忘记提到一件事。A. remember动词，记住；B. realize动词，意识到；C. forget动词，忘记；D. suffer动词，遭受。根据语境可知，此处为“不忘记”之意。故选：C。
19.句意：李女士看见爱丽丝的5岁的儿子在房间里玩玩具。 A. five years old五岁，不能作定语；B. five years五年；C. five year形式错误；D. five-year-old五岁的，形容词，在本题修饰名词son。选D。
20.句意：她走向小男孩，轻轻地拍了拍他的头。A. heavily沉重地、猛烈地；B. carefully仔细地；C. gently副词，轻轻地；D. rudely粗鲁地。根据语境 “孩子在玩玩具”，李女士对孩子应是“轻轻地”拍其头。故选：C。
21.句意：李女士当时很尴尬，但不知道发生了什么事。A. caused动词，引起、造成；B. produced动词，生产；C. made动词，制作；D. happened动词，发生。根据文意可知“发生”符合语境。what为宾语从句中的主语，happened不及物动词，作谓语。故选：D。
22.句意：直到一个月后李女士才开始知道原因。A. reason名词，原因；B. test名词，测试； C. result 名词，结果；D. game名词，游戏。根据上文描述可知，此处为知道“不高兴”的原因。故选：A。
23.句意：但在美国，情况就完全不同了。根据句意可知，本句缺少谓语动词be，所以排除选项A.D.；be动词原形、must情态动词，不能单独作谓语。things复数名词作主语，使用be动词are。选C。
24.句意：当别人拍拍他们时，他们感到很不高兴。A. unhappy形容词，不高兴；B. pleasant形容词，高兴的；C. wonderful形容词，奇妙的；D. glad形容词，高兴的。根据前文“…shows one likes the person”与表示转择含义的连词but可知，此处需要贬义词，四个选项只有“unhappy”为贬义词。故选：A。
25.句意：这个故事告诉我们，同样的肢体动作符号可能在不同的国家有不同的意思。A. same形容词，相同的；B. different形容词，不同的；C. good形容词，好的；D. bad形容词，坏的、糟糕的。根据本文故事可知，此处为“相同的”之意。故选：A。
三、阅读理解
A
Billy received a box of cookies from his mother during summer camp. He ate a few and put the rest under his bed. The next day, he found that the box was gone.
That afternoon, a teacher saw another boy eating the stolen cookies behind a tree. Then he had an idea. He found Billy, “I know who stole your cookies, Billy. Will you help me to teach him a lesson ”
“Well, yes. But aren’t you going to punish(惩罚) him ” asked the puzzled boy.
“No, that would only make him hate you,” the teacher explained, “I want you to ask your mother to send you another box of cookies.”
The boy did as the teacher asked, and a few days later, he received another box of cookies. “Now,” said the teacher, “the boy who stole your cookies is sitting by the lake. Go and share your cookies with him. ”But he stole my cookies! “said Billy. “I know. But try it, and see what happens.”
Half an hour later, the teacher saw the two boys coming towards him, arm in arm. The boy wanted to give Billy his model plane for stealing the cookies, but Billy was refusing(拒绝) the gift from his new friend.
26. Where did Billy put the rest of the cookies
A. Behind a tree. B. Under his bed.
C. By the lake. D. In his desk.
27. What does the underlined word, “puzzled” mean in Chinese
A. 不安的 B. 害羞的 C. 困惑的 D. 自信的
28. What did the teacher decide to do when he found out who stole the cookies
A. He decided to punish the boy．
B. He decided to tell the boy to stop stealing．
C. He decided to teach the boy a lesson．
D. He decided to give the boy a box of cookies．
29. What is the correct order（顺序）for the following steps in the story
①The teacher told Billy to ask his mother to send him another box of cookies．
②Billy’s box of cookies was gone．
③Billy and the boy became friends．
④The teacher asked Billy to share his cookies with the boy．
A. ②①④③ B. ②④③① C. ④③①② D. ①②④③
30. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Billy’s best friend stole his cookies.
B. Billy’s mother was angry and refused to send him cookies.
C. Billy found who stole the cookies by himself.
D. Billy got a new friend because of the missing cookies.
【答案】BCCAD
【解答】短文大意：本文是一篇教育故事。比利的饼干被同学偷吃了，老师调查后让比利又带来一盒饼干并建议比利和偷吃他饼干的同学分享，比利照做了，同学想赔给他一架模型飞机，比利拒绝了，结果两人成了好朋友。
26.考查细节理解题。题意：比利把剩下的饼干放在哪里了 根据He ate a few and put the rest under his bed.，可知剩下的放在了床底下，故选B。
27.考查词义理解题。题意：带下划线的“puzzled”在汉语中是什么意思 根据比利对老师问题的反问But aren’t you going to punish him ，可知他不明白为什么老师只是给偷他饼干者一个教训而不是惩罚，puzzled困惑的，故选C。
28.考查细节理解题。题意：当老师发现是谁偷了饼干时，他决定做什么 根据老师的话Will you help me to teach him a lesson ，可知他决定给这个男孩一个教训，故选C。
29.考查细节排序题。题意：故事中下列步骤的正确顺序是什么？①The teacher told Billy to ask his mother to send him another box of cookies．老师叫比利让他妈妈再给他一盒饼干。②Billy’s box of cookies was gone．比利的饼干盒不见了。③Billy and the boy became friends．比利和那个男孩成了朋友。④The teacher asked Billy to share his cookies with the boy．老师叫比利和男孩分享他的饼干。根据短文内容，可知先是饼干盒不见了，然后老师发现了偷吃者就叫比利让他妈妈再给他一盒，比利带来后老师又叫比利和男孩分享，最后两人成了好朋友，可知正确顺序是②①④③，故选A。
30.细节判断题。题意：根据文章，下列哪一项是正确的？A. Billy’s best friend stole his cookies. 比利最好的朋友偷了他的饼干。B. Billy’s mother was angry and refused to send him cookies. 比利的妈妈很生气，拒绝给他送饼干。C. Billy found who stole the cookies by himself.比利发现是谁偷了饼干。D. Billy got a new friend because of the missing cookies. 因为少了饼干，比利交了个新朋友。根据结尾the teacher saw the two boys coming towards him, arm in arm. The boy wanted to give Billy his model plane for stealing the cookies, but Billy was refusing the gift from his new friend.，知两人成了好朋友，选D。
B
Most great inventors often meet with many difficulties in their work before they succeed. They have to solve thousands of problems on their way. The following is one of such examples.
George Stephenson, a famous British inventor, made the first train in 1825, using a steam engine(蒸汽机). When he was experimenting with the engine on the train, he met with difficulties from many people in the country. They said the noise and the smoke would kill cows, horses and sheep, and that the engine would catch fire to their houses.
George Stephenson told the people that the train could go on small rails, could pull carriages full of goods and passengers and that there was no great harm to them. It was very difficult for him to make them believe(相信). However, after some time, he was able to do it, and the first train that was driven by George Stephenson himself showed what he had said. On the train, there was a new steam engine. It was invented by him and was a complete success.
The first day when the train ran on the rails, people along the way heard the noise of the train in the distance, and saw it running quickly to them. They thought it was a genie(妖怪). They ran quickly home and closed their doors. They didn’t come out until it went away.
A week later an old woman still said that her hen had been so frightened(受惊吓的) that it hadn't laid any eggs for three days.
36. When did George invent the first train
A. In 1825 B. In 1835 C. In 1725 D. In 1735
37. Why did George meet difficulties
A. Because people saw his invention before.
B. Because his invention was too dangerous.
C. Because there was something wrong with his invention
D. Because people thought his invention was note safe.
38. How did George show that he was right
A. He told people the train was good enough useful.
B. He operated the train by himself and it became successful.
C. He asked some famous people to operate the train.
D. He told people how the train was made.
39. How did people feel when the train ran to them
A. Excited B. cheerful C. Afraid D. Angry
40. What does the passage want to tell us
A. It’s hard to invent an invention.
B. If you study hard, you will win.
C. When you invent something, you should show them to others.
D. Every Successful inventor will have difficulties on their way.
【参考答案】A; D; B; C; D
36. 细节理解题。定位到第2段1句 “……made the first train in 1825……”；故选A。
37. 推理判断题。定位到第2段 “They said the noise and the smoke would kill cows, horses and sheep, and that the engine would catch fire to their houses.”；人们认为火车会造成这么多的坏处，当然是不安全的，故选D。
38. 细节理解题。定位到第3段 “the first train that was driven by George Stephenson himself showed what he had said.”,通过自己驾驶(operated)火车show what he had said，故选B。
39 推理判断题。第4段描述了人们各种夸张的害怕反应，故选C。
40.主旨大意题，由文章第一段，可知文章是要说明发明家会遇到各种各样的困难，人们的不信任只是其中的一个例子，故选D。
C
Consumer Electronic Trade Show is a chance for technology companies from all over the world to show their new products and inventions. Usually there’s one type of thing that becomes the star on the trade show. And now, it is robots.
The Electronic GloveWorn on the hand, this glove can bring some hand functions (功能) back. It helps people who have difficulty doing daily activities such as catching and picking up things, opening doors and turning on taps. The Robot SuitcaseIf you are afraid to forget something at the airport, you will love the idea behind this robot suitcase. The suitcase can follow its owner. It can also stay away from other things on its way. It can even call the police when someone is trying to take it away.
The RobomartThe Robomart is hoping to make shopping easier for people. This Robomart can be controlled by an app. You can watch it roll up and then take the fruit and vegetables inside. The SomnoxThe Somnox is a sleep robot that mimics (模仿) somebody lying next to you in bed by “breathing”. It’s a comfort robot held by the sleeper, It can be controlled to make different breathing move ments. This helps to change a user’s own breathing and helps him fall asleep more naturally.
41. What are the star inventions about in the trade show
A. Robots. B. Companies. C. Computers. D. Apps.
42. Which invention do the disabled (残疾的) people need most
A. The Electronic Glove. B. The Robot Suitcase.
C. The Robomart. D. The Somnox.
43. How many uses of the Robot Suitcase are mentioned
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
44. Which is TRUE about the Somnox
A. It can make the owner less nervous.
B. It can make different breathing movements itself.
C. It can help people become stronger.
D. It can help people have a better sleep.
45. What is the above information mainly about
A. How to invent robots.
B. It is about four inventions making our life easier.
C. Consumer Electronic Trade Show is great. .
D. Robots will be our close friends in the future.
41-45 AACDB
解析：本文介绍了几款机器人。
41. A 细节理解题。在电子展销会上的明星产品是机器人。第一段最后一句Usually there’s one type of thing that becomes the star on the trade show. And now, it is robots.可知。
42.A 理解题。第一个发明。“电子手套”能恢复手的一些功能。It helps people who have difficulty doing daily activities such as catching and picking up things, opening doors and turning on taps.它有助于帮 助那些日常活动有困难的人例如抓，捡东西。可知这项发明对于手有些问题的人有帮助。
43. C 上面介绍电子机器人行旅箱3项功能。一是：可以跟随物主。The suitcase can follow its owner. 二是：It can also stay away from other things on its way。它能在路上避开别的东西。三是：It can even call the police when someone is trying to take it away.当有人想拿走它的时候，它能报警。
44. D 电子花生枕，主要功能帮人睡眠。
45. B. 上面介绍4款机器人。这4款机器人主要是使我们生活更加容易，舒适。故选B。
四、语法填空．
Man has invented four kinds of satellites． The first kind of satellites （1）　 　（study） the geography of the earth． They are used （2）　 　（make）maps． They also help countries to see where they can find oil （3）　 　 gold． The （4）　 　（two）kind of satellites is used to guide ships and planes． A ship or a plane can send （5）　 　message to the satellite． Then the satellite can find （6）　 　where it is． The third kind of satellites studies the weather． They warn countries to get prepared when very bad weather （7）　 　（be）coming． The last kind is used
（8） 　　 communication． Telephone （9）　 　（call）between countries can be sent by these satellites． Some can carry （10）　 　（hundred）of calls at one time． These satellites also carry pictures． They can send about eight programs at a time．
【解析】（1）studies，考查动词，句意：第一种卫星研究地球的地理，陈述客观事实，句子的主语是单数The first kind of satellites，谓语动词使用单数，故答案为studies．
（2）to make，考查不定式，句意：它们是用来制作地图的，使用be used to do sth．被用于做某事，故答案为to make．
（3）or，考查连词，句意：它们也帮助国家看看哪里能找到油或金，表示选择关系，使用or"或者"，故答案为or．
（4）second，考查序数词，句意：第二种卫星是用于指导船和飞机，表示"第二"，使用序数词second，故答案为second．
（5）a，考查冠词，句意：一艘船或一架飞机能发送信息给卫星，message是可数名词，表示泛指，前使用不定冠词a，故答案为a．
（6）out，考查固定搭配，句意：然后卫星就能找出它在哪，使用find out"找出"，故答案为out．
（7）is，考查主谓一致，句意：它们提醒国家当天气不好的时候，要做好准备，主语weather是不可数名词，因此be动词使用is，故答案为is．
（8）for，考查介词，句意：最后一种是用于交流，使用be used for"被用于…"，故答案为for．
（9）calls，考查名词，句意：国家间的电话往来也能通过这些卫星发送，call是可数名词，使用其复数形式，故答案为calls．
（10）hundreds，考查固定搭配，句意：有些一次能承载成百上千的电话，使用hundreds of"成百上千"，故答案为hundreds．
4