Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① enlarge v.（使）增大，扩大
② boost v.促进，推动
③ pretend v.假装，装作
④ misjudge v.对（人或情况）判断错误
⑤ identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的
⑥ overlook v.忽视，忽略
⑦ bother v.（使）苦恼
⑧ loyal adj. 忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的
⑨ novelist n.小说家
⑩ graceful adj.优美的，优雅的
comprehension n.理解（力）
exclaim v.（因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而） 呼喊，惊叫
utter v.（尤指吃力地）发出（声音）
resemble v.像；与……类似，与……相似
expression n.表情；神色
motive n.（尤指隐藏的）动机，原因，目的
2.拓展单词
① frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的→ frightening adj.令人恐惧的→ frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→ fright n.惊吓；恐怖→ frightful adj.可怕的
② acknowledge vt.承认，认可；感谢→ acknowledgement n.承认；感谢
③ assumption n.假定，假设→ assume vt.假定，设想；认为
④ growth n.增加，增长；成长，生长→ grow vt.种植 vi.增长；成长；生长
⑤ committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的→ commit vt.& vi.全心全意投入；犯（罪或错）；承诺，保证→ commitment n.承诺，保证；投入，奉献；委托，承担义务
⑥ mercy n.宽恕；仁慈→ merciful adj.仁慈的
⑦ rely vi.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖→ reliable adj.可依靠的；可信赖的
⑧ responsibility n.责任，职责→ responsible adj.负责任的→ irresponsible adj.不负责任的
⑨ appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→ appreciation n.感激，感谢；欣赏；理解
⑩ relation n.关系；亲戚→ relate vt.& vi.联系，把……联系起来；叙述→ related adj.相关的，有联系的
crowded adj.拥挤的→ crowd n.人群
admirable adj.令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的→ admire vt.钦佩，羡慕→ admiration n.钦佩
addicted adj.上瘾；入迷→ addict n.吸毒成瘾的人；对……入迷的人 vt.使上瘾，使沉迷→ addiction n.瘾，嗜好→ addictive adj.使人上瘾的；使人入迷的
confident adj.自信的；肯定的，有把握的→ confidently adv.自信地；确信地→ confidence n.信心；信任
worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得的；有价值的→ worth adj.值得；值……钱 n.价值→ worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间（或花钱、努力等）的
attraction n.吸引人的特征；有吸引力的地方；吸引，吸引力→ attract vt.吸引→ attractive adj. 有魅力的；有吸引力的
expression n.表达；表情，神色→ express vt.表示；表达 n.快车；速递
aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的→ awareness n.意识；认识；知道
attempt n.& vt.尝试，努力，试图→ attempted adj.未遂的
impression n.印象，感想→ impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→ impressive adj.令人印象深刻的；令人敬佩的
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1.增加某人的信心 boost one’s confidence
2.从头到脚 from head to toe
3.假设 make assumptions about
4.秘密地 in secret
5.申请 apply to
6.创造纪录 set records
7.把……变成…… transform... into...
8.把……视为…… regard... as...
9.寻找 search for
10.事实上 in reality
11.努力 make an effort
12.盯着 stare at
13.倾向于 tend to
14.适应；调整；调节 adjust to
15.无论如何 in any case
16.减肥，体重减轻 lose weight
17.公开地；在公共场合 in public
18.防止 keep... at bay
19.临近；紧靠 next to
20.与……相比 compared to
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.我比大多数人更能理解这一点，因为我一直相貌平平。
I understand this more than most, as I have always been plain-looking.
2.那就是为什么我永远无法理解我的妹妹，她有17支口红，每天早上都不能选定该用哪一支。
That’s why I could never understand my sister, who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.
3.它可以是我们个性的一种表达，有助于我们给别人留下良好且积极的印象。
It can be an expression of our personalities, helping us make a good and positive impression on others.
4.我真正钦佩的是她以这种方式承认身体健康不仅使我们更美丽，而且使我们更快乐！
What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good heath not only makes us more beautiful， but happier, too!
5.尽管童年很艰难，但她成长为一个独立、坚定、慷慨的年轻女性。
Despite a difficult childhood, she grows up to be an independent, determined and generous young woman.
6.他是第一个打破沉默的人。
He was the first to break the silence.
7.我从来没有发现自己像现在这样丑陋。
Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
8.只要埃斯梅拉达待在大教堂里，她就不会被处决。
Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral.
9.不久之后，多里安惊奇地发现他的愿望实现了。
Soon afterwards, Dorian is surprised to find his wish has come true.
10.对多里安·格雷来说，最重要的是他长得好看，而不是他有一颗善良的心。
What matters most to Dorian Gray is that he is good-looking, not that he has a good heart.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的英语短文。
1. 现在，我们有些人更关心他们的身材和外表。（be concerned about）
2. 良好的外表往往在社会交往、社会竞争、求职等方面产生很大的影响。（make a big difference）
3. 它不仅能让你变得更自信，而且能让你在面试中给人留下深刻印象。（not only... but also...；leave a deep impression）
4. 一个美丽的人不一定长得好看，而是有一颗善良的心和伟大的才华。（with短语作定语）
5. 我想说的是：我们不能在追求美好外表的同时，忽视锤炼精神上的美。重要的是一个人的内在美。（主语从句）
One possible version:
Nowadays some of us are more concerned about their figures and looks. Good appearance often makes a big difference in social communication， social competition, job hunting and so on. Not only can it make you become more confident but also it makes you leave a deep impression in the job interview. A beautiful person is not necessarily one with good a look, but one with a kind heart and great talent.
What I want to say is that we should never ignore our spiritual beauty training while pursuing good appearance. It is one’s inner beauty that matters.
5Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Published in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris. Esmeralda’s beauty means that many men fall in love with her. One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda. But Quasimodo fails and is captured and tortured in public. Esmeralda hears his call for water, and steps forwards out of mercy. She offers Quasimodo a drink of water, which saves him and also captures his heart. When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death for a crime she did not commit, Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral. Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral... Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still for several moments, as they considered their predicament in silence, she so graceful, he so repulsive. Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo, as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back, from his hunched back to his single eye. How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehension. Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it. He was the first to break the silence. “So you were telling me to return ” She moved her head, and said, “Yes.” He understood the motion of the head. “But!” he said, as though hesitating whether to finish, “I am-I am deaf.” “Poor wretch!” exclaimed Esmeralda, with an expression of heartfelt compassion. He began to smile sadly. “You suppose that was all that I was missing, do you not Yes, I am deaf, that is the way I am made. It is horrible, is it not, next to your exquisite beauty!” There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable. In any case, he would not have heard her. He continued: “Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment. When I compare myself to you, I feel an immense pity for myself, poor unfortunate monster that I am! Be honest, to you I must resemble some savage creature. You, you are a ray of sunshine, a drop of dew, a birdsong, whilst I am something terrible, neither human nor beast. I don’t know what I am, as I am coarser, more downtrodden, and plainer than a pebble!” Then he began to laugh, and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world. He continued: “Yes, I am deaf, but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me, and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips, from your expression.” “Well!” she smiled, “Explain to me why you rescued me.” He watched her intently while she was speaking. “I understand,” he replied. “You ask me why I rescued you. You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night, this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished. A drop of water and a little pity-that is more than I can repay with my life. You have forgotten that unfortunate soul, but he remembers it.” She listened to him with profound tenderness. A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo, but did not fall. He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay. (Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo) 教材译文 《巴黎圣母院》 《巴黎圣母院》出版于1831年, 讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美丽意味着许多男人会爱上她。一个爱慕她的人派驼背的卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达。但卡西莫多失败了, 并在公共场合被抓获和折磨。埃斯梅拉达听到了他要水喝的声音,出于怜悯, 她向前走去。她给了卡西莫多一杯水, 这拯救了他, 也俘获了他的心。当埃斯梅拉达后来因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时, 卡西莫多从巴黎圣母院外愤怒的人群中救出了她。只要埃斯梅拉达待在大教堂里, 她就不会被处决…… 埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多一动不动了好一会儿, 沉默地思考着他们的处境, 她是那么优雅, 他是那么令人厌恶。埃斯梅拉达每时每刻都在卡西莫多身上发现一些新的缺陷, 她的目光从他的弯腿到他的驼背, 从他的驼背到他的独眼。她无法理解怎么会有人会长成这样。然而, 这一切都弥漫着那么多的忧郁和那么多的温柔, 使她逐渐适应了。 他是第一个打破沉默的人。“这么说, 你是要我回去 ” 她点了点头, 说:“是的。” 他明白了她点头的动作。“可是,”他说,好像在犹豫要不要讲完,“我——我耳聋。” “可怜的人!”埃斯梅拉达带着一种由衷的同情叫道。 他苦笑起来。 “你以为那是我所有的缺陷吗 是的, 我是失聪的, 我就是这样被创造出来的。和你的娇美相比, 这真是可怕, 不是吗 ” 从那不幸的人的声调里, 可以很明显地听出他是多么难过,以至于她连一个字也说不出来。无论如何, 他不会听到她的话。他继续说: “我从来没有发现自己像现在这样丑陋。当我把我自己和你比较的时候, 我非常可怜我自己, 我是多么不幸的一个怪物啊! 老实说, 对你来说, 我一定像个野蛮的人。你, 你是一缕阳光, 一滴露珠, 一声鸟鸣, 而我是一个可怕的东西, 既不是人也不是兽。我不知道我是什么, 因为我比一块鹅卵石更粗糙, 更遭人践踏, 更丑陋!” 然后他开始笑了, 那笑声是世界上最令人心碎的声音。他继续说: “是的, 我是失聪的, 但你要像我的主人对我说话那样, 用手和我说话, 然后我就能从你嘴唇的动作和表情上很快地了解你的意思。” “好吧!”她笑着说,“告诉我你为什么救我。” 她说话时他目不转睛地看着她。 “我明白了,”他回答。“你问我为什么救你。你忘记了有一天晚上一个不幸的人企图绑架你, 你却在他被惩罚时对他仁慈。一滴水加上一点怜悯——这是我用生命所无法偿还的。你已经忘记了那个不幸的人, 可是他还记得。” 她怀着深切的柔情听他说话。一滴眼泪在卡西莫多的眼里打转, 但没有掉下来。似乎不让眼泪落下来他就可以维护自己的尊严。 （根据维克多·雨果写的《巴黎圣母院》改编）
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. saving / se v /n. 积蓄→ save /se v/vt. 节省; 保存; 储蓄; 拯救
2. intently / n’tentli/adv. 专心地; 一心一意地→ intent / n’tent/adj. 专心的; 热切的; 坚决的→ intention / n ten n/n. 意图; 目的; 意向
3. comprehension / k mpr hen n/n. 理解（力）→ comprehend / k mpr hend/vt. 理解; 领悟; 懂
4. compassion /k m p n/n. 怜悯; 同情→ compassionate /k m p n t/adj.表示怜悯的; 富于同情心的
5. motive / m t v/n. （尤指隐藏的）动机, 原因, 目的→ motivation / m t ve n/n. 动机; 积极性; 动力
6. expression / k spre n/n. 表情; 神色→ express / k spres/vt. 表达; 快递邮寄
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.出于怜悯 out of mercy
2.被判死刑 be sentenced to death
3.调整; 适应 adjust to
4.无论如何 in any case
5.为……感到可怜 feel a pity for
6.keep…at bay 阻挡; 阻止
7.regardless of 不管; 不顾
8.come true 实现; 达到
9.take on 承担; 呈现
10.in pursuit of 追求
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 have (not) the strength to do （没）有力气去做……
教材原句 There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable. 从那不幸的人的腔调里, 可以很明显地听出他是多么难过, 以至于她连一个字也说不出来。
中文例句 她再也走不动了。
句式仿写 She didn’t have the strength to walk any further.
2.
句型公式 the first/second/.../last （+名词）+to do
教材原句 He was the first to break the silence. 他是第一个打破沉默的人。
中文例句 我总是第一个到达办公室的人。
句式仿写 I am always the first person to get to the office.
3.
句型公式 as though/if doing... 似乎正在做……
教材原句 “But！”he said, as though hesitating whether to finish,“I am-I am deaf.” “但是！”他说, 好像在犹豫要不要把话说完,“我——我耳聋。”
中文例句 他觉得自己仿佛是坐在某种植物上面。
句式仿写 He felt as though sitting on some sort of plant.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Why is Quasimodo tortured in public
A.Because he falls in love with Esmeralda.
B.Because he tries to kidnap Esmeralda.
C.Because he calls for a drink of water.
D.Because he rescues Esmeralda from prison.
答案：B
2.How did Esmeralda feel when she looked at Quasimodo’s appearance
A.Surprised.B.Excited.C.Happy.D.Angry.
答案：A
3.What made Esmeralda have no strength to say a word
A.Quasimodo’s deafness.
B.Quasimodo’s accent.
C.Quasimodo’s sadness.
D.Quasimodo’s beauty.
答案：C
4.How did Quasimodo know what Esmeralda said
A.By her lips and expression.
B.By her way to move.
C.By her daily activities.
D.By her eyes and movements.
答案：A
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题书评：凡与作品、作家有关的都可以评。一般可以从以下几方面来发表意见：可以对作品的思想意义、艺术特色、社会价值进行分析评价; 可以对作家的创作经验、人品学识进行总结评述; 可以对读者的阅读进行指导; 可以对作品的本身的得失从各个角度进行议论; 可以结合作品的评论, 探讨各种美学问题, 等等。 评什么确定之后, 接下来就是怎样评。写简评一般可以有这样三个步骤：介绍——评价——推荐。
文本改写
【教材原文】
The Picture of Dorian Gray
This book by Oscar Wilde tells the story of Dorian Gray, a very handsome young man who spends his life only concerned with his own pleasure, regardless of the suffering he brings to others.
The story starts with young Dorian having his portrait painted. His friend Lord Wotton talks about beauty and pleasure being the only important things in life. Fascinatedby his words, Dorian wishes he could remain young and good-looking always, with his portrait growing old instead of him.
Soon afterwards, Dorian is surprised to find his wish has come true, after he meets Sybil, an innocent actress who falls in love with him. Dorian heartlessly abandons her just because she performs poorly one night. When he learns that Sybil has killed herself, Dorian finds his face in the painting has taken on a cruel look.
He hides the painting away so that no one else may see it. For the next 18 years, Dorian engages in various evil deeds. His portrait ages and reveals his inner ugliness. One day, he suddenly comes to be fearful of his past crimes and wants to start a new life. But his portrait remains the same and reminds him of everything he has done. Feeling desperate, he tries to destroy the portrait with a knife, but it is he who is killed. His body is discovered, old and awful, while his portrait is young and handsome once again.
In the story, what matters most to Dorian Gray is that he is good-looking, not that he has a good heart. He sacrifices his true self in pursuit of physical beauty and pleasure, which leads to his destruction in the end.
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的短文。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.以……开始 start with
2.被……迷住 be fascinated by
3.呈现 take on
4.保持年轻 remain young
5.变老 grow old
6.实现 come true
7.邪恶的行为 evil deeds
8.感到绝望 feel desperate
【句型运用】
1.故事从年轻的多里安叫人画了自己的画像开始。 (have sth. done)
The story starts with young Dorian having his portrait painted .
2.多里安被他的朋友沃顿勋爵的话迷住了。(be fascinated by)
Dorian was fascinated by his friend Lord Wotton’s words.
3.多里安希望当他的画像变老的时候, 他能永远保持年轻和英俊。（宾语从句）
Dorian wishes that he could remain young and good-looking, while his portrait grows old .
4.当他抛弃了西比尔时, 她因此自杀了, 并且他的画像呈现出一种残忍的表情。
When he abandons Sybil , she thus kills herself and his painting has taken on a cruel look .
5.这使得他从事各种各样的坏事。(make sb. do)
It makes him engage in various evil deeds.
6.如果一个人为了追求外在的美和快乐而牺牲了真实的自我, 那么他就是在毁灭自己。
If one sacrifices his true self in pursuit of physical beauty and pleasure, he will ruin himself.
【句式升级】
1.用非谓语动词升级句2、3。
Fascinated by his friend Lord Wotton’s words, Dorian wishes he could remain young and good-looking, while his portrait grows old.
2.用定语从句升级句4、5。
When he abandons Sybil who thus kills herself, his painting has taken on a cruel look, making him engage in various evil deeds.
3.用主语从句升级句6。
Whoever sacrifices his true self in pursuit of physical beauty and pleasure will ruin himself.
【串句成文】
4.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
The book, by Oscar Wilde, tells about Dorian Gray concerned with his own pleasure.
The story starts with young Dorian having his portrait painted. Fascinated by his friend Lord Wotton’s words, Dorian wishes he could remain young and good-looking, while his portrait grows old.
His wish has come true, but when he abandons Sybil who thus kills herself, his painting has taken on a cruel look, making him engage in various evil deeds. In the end, feeling desperate, he cuts the portrait. However, he dies old and awful while his portrait returns to normal.
Whoever sacrifices his true self in pursuit of physical beauty and pleasure will ruin himself.
实战演练
1.假设你们班要办一期英语角, 主题是“我最喜欢的英文作品”。请你根据以下表格的信息, 用英语介绍一下马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
词数：80左右。
书名 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)
作者 马克·吐温(Mark Twain)
内容简介 哈克贝利·费恩是一个孤儿, 无人管束, 但心地善良, 他帮助黑奴Jim逃亡, 一路上遭遇了许多艰难险阻, 但最终取得了胜利。
评价 这部小说表达了哈克贝利·费恩对自由的向往。有人称, 现代美国文学起源于一本名叫《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的书。
解析：写作指导
体裁 议论文
时态 以一般现在时为主
人称 以第三人称为主
要点 1. 引入话题, 介绍作者 2.《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》内容简介 3. 评价
答案：高分范文
My favourite novel is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain, one of the greatest American novelists.
This novel tells the story of Huckleberry, who is a white boy with big eyes. He has a casual manner and doesn’t like to be neat. No one cares about him, but he is very kind and always ready to help others. One great thing he does is that he helps the black slave Jim escape in secret. They meet various people and many difficulties on their way, but in the end they make it.
In the story, what matters most to him is his longing for freedom, which makes a deep impression on me. It is believed that the book called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is the origin of modern American literature.
高级短语及句式
1. a casual manner 举止随意 2. care about在意 3. in secret秘密地 4. longing for freedom渴望自由 5. My favourite novel is... written by... 我最喜欢的小说是……写的…… 6. It is believed that... 人们相信……
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. comprehension n. 理解（力）
How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehension. （教材P8）她无法理解怎么会有人长成这样。
典例翻译
①The teacher set the class a reading comprehension test.
老师对全班同学进行了一次阅读理解测验。
②She has no comprehension of the seriousness of the situation.
她丝毫不了解形势的严峻。
③Why he can’t do it himself is beyond my comprehension.
我不理解他为什么不能自己做这件事。
归纳拓展
阅读理解 reading comprehension
超出某人的理解能力 be beyond/above one’s comprehension
丝毫不理解 have no comprehension of
理解力迟钝的 be low of comprehension
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The problem is above/beyond my comprehension.
②The boy is low of comprehension, so don’t shout at him.
（2）完成句子
③她丝毫不明白所涉及的事情。
She had no comprehension of what was involved.
2. exclaim v. （因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而） 呼喊, 惊叫
“Poor wretch!” exclaimed Esmeralda, with an expression of heartfelt compassion. （教材P8）“可怜的人!”埃斯梅拉达带着一种由衷的同情叫道。
典例翻译
①He exclaimed how bitter his fate was.
他叫喊道他的命运多悲惨啊。
②The children exclaimed with excitement.
孩子们兴奋地大叫。
③She exclaimed at the beautiful view.
她看到这美丽的景色惊叫起来。
归纳拓展
对……惊叫起来, 斥责 exclaim at
绝望地呼喊 exclaim in despair
欢呼 exclaim with delight/excitement
朝某人呼喊 exclaim to sb.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①She opened her eyes and exclaimed (exclaim) in delight at the scene.
②I can not help exclaim at how well my son performed.
（2）完成句子
③我站起来朝那群善良的陌生人喊：“我找到了。”
I stand up and exclaim to the group of kind strangers, “I found it.”
3. resemble v. 像; 与……类似, 与……相似
Be honest, to you I must resemble some savage creature.
（教材P9） 老实说, 对你来说, 我一定像个野蛮的人。
典例翻译
①A smile resembles the first brave sunshine in winter. It will relieve the pain in your heart.
微笑如同冬天里第一束勇敢的阳光。它会缓解你心头的痛苦。
②My brother resembles me in looks.
我的弟弟和我长得很像。
③There was a remarkable resemblance between him and Pete.
他和皮特有一个惊人的相似之处。
归纳拓展
（1）resemble v. 像; 与……类似
在……方面与某人/某物相似 resemble sb./sth. in...
（2）resemblance n. 相似
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The two sisters resemble each other in appearance but differ in character.
②People often use the phrase “like father, like son” to refer to family resemblance (resemble).
（2）完成句子
③我们只是自然而然地认为未来会和过去相似。
We just naturally think that the future will resemble the past .
4. motive n. （尤指隐藏的）动机, 原因, 目的
When comparing and contrasting characters in a narrative, consider their appearance, actions, and motives. （教材P10）在比较和对比故事中的人物时, 要考虑他们的外表、行为和动机。
典例翻译
①Greed was his only motive for stealing.
贪婪是他盗窃的唯一动机。
②I have a motive in offering to help you.
我主动提出要帮助你是有私心的。
③Now, we may well doubt the motive behind this new policy.
现在, 我们完全有理由怀疑这一新政策背后的动机。
归纳拓展
……的动机/原因/目的 motive for
在……方面的动机 motive in (doing) sth.
……背后的动机 the motive behind
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①What was their motive in setting fire to the building
②There seemed to be no motive for the murder.
（2）单句写作
③这个决定背后的动机依然不明。
The motives behind the decision remain unknown.
④他讲这个寓言故事是有用意的。
He had some motives in telling this fable.
5. in pursuit of 追求
He sacrifices his true self in pursuit of physical beauty and pleasure, which leads to his destruction in the end. （教材P11）他为了追求身体的美丽和快乐而牺牲了真实的自己, 最终导致了自己的毁灭。
典例翻译
①In pursuit of our important goal, we are seeing significant progress.
为了达到我们重要的目标, 我们正在取得显著的进展。
②The gang drove off, with the police in hot pursuit.
那伙人开车跑了, 警察紧追不舍。
③He tried every means to pursue his ends.
他想尽一切办法来达到他的目的。
归纳拓展
追求某人/某物 in pursuit of sb./sth. 穷追不舍 in hot pursuit
达到某人的目的 pursue one’s ends
追求知识 pursue knowledge
学以致用
完成句子
①他千方百计追求自己的目标。
He tried every means in pursuit of his aim.
②人不能像走兽般生活, 应该追求知识和美德。
Men cannot live like beasts: we should pursue knowledge and virtue .
重点句型
1. 否定词位于句首引起倒装
Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
（教材P9）我从来没有发现自己像现在这样丑陋。
典例翻译
①Never does he come late.
他从不迟到。
②Little did he know that the police were after him.
他一点也不知道警察在追捕他。
③By no means shall I go there again.
我决不会再去那儿了。
④Few students did they see in the classroom.
他们在教室没看到几个学生。
归纳拓展
一般说来, 以下否定词位于句首, 句子要用部分倒装：seldom, never, little, few, hardly, hardly... when..., not, not until, in no way, by no means, on no account, no longer 等。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave.
②Not a word did I ever say to him.
③Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
（2）句型转换
④The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in. （改为not until位于句首的倒装句）
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.
2. as though/if doing…
“But！”he said, as though hesitating whether to finish,“I am-I am deaf.”（教材P8）“但是！”他说, 好像在犹豫要不要说完,“我——我耳聋。”
典例翻译
①She clamped her lips together, as though fearing to betray her news.
她闭紧双唇, 仿佛害怕泄露出她的消息。
②The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.
女孩匆忙离开房间, 似乎生气了。
③From time to time, he turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
他不时地转过身来, 好像在找人。
归纳拓展
句中as though hesitating whether to finish为状语从句as though he was hesitating whether to finish的省略形式。若as though/if引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致, 且从句谓语为be, 则省略“从句主语+be”, 从句就变成了“as though/if+形容词/名词/介宾短语/分词/不定式”。
（1）as though/if意为“仿佛; 好像”, 引导方式状语从句或表语从句。
（2）as though/if后面的从句可用虚拟语气, 表示一种假设或不大可能的事。从句表示与现在事实相反时, 谓语动词用过去式; 表示与过去事实相反时, 谓语动词用“had+过去分词”; 表示将来的可能性不大的情况时, 谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He talks about Rome as if he had been (be)there before.
②Tom raised his hand as if to say (say) something.
（2）完成句子
③她对待这个孤儿就好像是自己的亲儿子一样。
She treats the orphan as if/though he were her own son .
④她说起话来好像曾经见过这个人。
She talked as if she had seen the person before .
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.Your refusing to come to the party puts me in an awkward predicament （尴尬的处境）.
2.There is threatening melancholy （忧郁） in his black and white photography.
3.She opened her eyes and exclaimed （呼喊） in delight at the scene.
4.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense （巨大的） value to old people living alone.
5.The man privately admits that his motive （动机）is profits.
6.Taking notes in class is not writing down everything the teacher has said, but recording the key points of the teacher’s words after comprehension （理解）.
7.Never shall I forget the repulsive （令人厌恶的） sight that met my eye when I turned round.
8.He will find among them neither poverty nor disease, nor painful defects （缺陷）.
9.His accent （口音）at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner.
10.There are probably plenty of heartbreaking （令人悲伤的） stories similar to that of his parents.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
be sentenced to death, be kept at bay, beyond comprehension, fall in love with, in public, compared to, adjust to, next to, in any case, explain to
1.Zenato fell in love with sharks at the age of eight and dreamed of becoming an underwater scuba diver.
2.Our relations continued to be cool, easy, and polite both in public and in private.
3.Miller was sentenced to death for murder.
4.Just as there were natural disasters beyond comprehension , we should take precautions.
5.I certainly would advise all people to go there slowly by bus so that their body can slowly adjust to the lack of oxygen.
6.They start to talk to people next to them, regardless of whether they know them.
7. In any case your had better hear your English teacher’s words.
8.After all, compared to your organization, we are the new boys.
9.We explain to everybody that the delay is unavoidable.
10.In this way the girl hid her letter and from hour to hour her aunt was kept at bay .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Published in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells 1. tragic story of events in Paris. Esmeralda’s 2. (beautiful) means that many men fall in love with her. One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo 3. (kidnap) Esmeralda. But Quasimodo fails and 4. (capture) and tortured in public. Esmeralda hears his call 5. water, and steps forwards out of mercy. She offers Quasimodo a drink of water, 6. saves him and also captures his heart. 7. Esmeralda is later sentenced to 8. (dead) for a crime she did not commit, Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral. Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral...
Esmeralda and Quasimodo 9. (be) still for several moments, as they considered 10. (them) predicament in silence, she so graceful, he so repulsive...
1. a 2. beauty 3. to kidnap 4. is captured 5. for
6. which 7. When 8. death 9. were 10. their
18Section Ⅱ Using language
（主语从句）
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1.（教材P5）… what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares
2.（教材P5）That my pictures aren’t hurting anyone is what I say , so who cares
3.（教材P5）It is a well-known fact that the faces some people show to the world might be completely different to their real personalities .
4.（教材P5）From this, it’s impossible to know what their true feelings are .
5.（教材P5） How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it’s not always obvious who is truly happy .
6.观察上面句子, 并分别写出画线从句在主句中所作的成分：
1. 主语
2. 表语
3. 同位语
4. 宾语
5. 主语; 主语
要点精析
在复合句中, 作主语的从句称为主语从句。
一、主语从句的引导词及其在句中的功能
（一）连接词that和whether
1. that引导主语从句, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 仅起连接作用, 但不能省略。
2. whether引导主语从句, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 起连接作用, 但有自己的意义, 不可省略。
注意：that、whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首, 也可放在句尾（放句尾时前面需用it作形式主语）。
例如：
1.That she could come to help us made us very happy.
2.That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world.
3.Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.
4. It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out. （二）连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever
引导词 在主语从句中所作成分 例句
that 不作任何成分, 没有词汇意义 That you don’t like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。 It is important that parents create a peaceful environment in the family, which is helpful in shaping the child’s character. 父母在家里营造一个和睦的环境很重要, 这有助于塑造孩子的性格。
what/whatever 主语、宾语、表语、定语 What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad. 一个人难的是一辈子做好事, 不做坏事。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在自己的业余时间做什么, 都不应该伤害别人。
whether 不作任何成分, 意为“是否” Whether we can have clean drinking water depends on what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 我们能否有干净的饮用水, 取决于关于水污染政府采取什么有效措施。
when 时间状语 When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. 什么时候开会还没有决定。
where 地点状语 Where we will go for the holiday is being discussed at the class meeting. 我们去哪里度假正在班会上讨论。
how 方式状语 How we will build a harmonious class is an issue to be solved. 如何创建和谐班级是一个有待解决的问题。
why 原因状语 Why he was absent from school is still a mystery. 他为什么没有上学仍是个谜。
who/whoever 主语 Whoever is in a hurry shows that the thing he is about is too big for him. 不管是谁, 匆匆忙忙只能说明他不能从事他所从事的工作。
which 定语 Which group did the best job will be decided after the match. 哪一个小组做得最好, 比赛后才能决定。
whose 定语 Whose speech is popular depends on the reaction from the audience. 谁的演讲受欢迎取决于听众的反应。
二、主语从句与形式主语it
英语中, 常常可以用it作形式主语, 而把主语从句放在后面。常见的用it作形式主语的主语从句结构：
结构 常用搭配结构 例句
It is+名词+that从句 It is a fact (a pity, a shame, no wonder, good news...) that... It is no wonder that he won first place in the English speech contest. 难怪他在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
It is+形容词+that从句 It is necessary (proper, important, essential, vital...) that... [注意：这类从句中谓语动词多为“(should+) 动词原形”]。 It is necessary that we should take measures to protect the environment. 我们采取措施保护环境是必要的。
It is+过去分词+that/whether 从句 It is said(reported, decided, believed...) that... It is unknown whether... It is believed that hard work will pay off. 人们相信, 付出总有回报。 It is unknown whether the medicine works. 这药是否有效还是未知的。
It+不及物动词+that 从句 It seems (happened, doesn’t matter...) that... It happened that I went to visit my first teacher that day. 碰巧那天我去拜访我的启蒙老师。
It+及物动词+宾语+that从句 It surprised (worried, disappointed...) sb. that... It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是, 他们突然来看他。 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白, 这让她有点担心。
三、主语从句的注意事项
（一）从句的语序
在任何情况下, 主语从句都用陈述句语序。
1.Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.
2.How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
（二）主谓一致
1. 从句作主语时, 后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式; 但what引导的主语从句, 后面的谓语动词应与作表语的名词在数上保持一致。
2. 如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式; 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
1. What they need are books.
2. What they need is love.
3. When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
4. When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided.
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Whether he can do it is a problem.
2.It makes no difference to me whether you like it or not.
3. Whoever does wrong to his country or to the people deserves punishment.
4. Which charity they will go to has not been decided.
5. Why he turned down the invitation was not clear.
6. That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
7. What side effect this medicine has is not known to the patient.
8.It is still unknown whether the medicine will be effective.
9.It is not clear how he got here without any money.
10. What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in science.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.有人建议我们应该给员工提供学习最新技术的机会。
It is suggested that we (should) provide opportunities for employees to learn the latest technology.
2.很可惜, 我们不能解决这个问题。
It is a pity that we cannot solve the problem.
3.我们需要做的是想出新办法来改善现状。
What we need to do is think of new ways to improve the current situation.
4.我们要去哪儿度假还没有决定。
Where we will spend our holiday has not been decided.
5.他为什么没有通过生物考试还不清楚。
Why he failed the biology exam isn’t clear.
6.谁打的长途电话并不重要。
Who made the long distance call is not important.
7.我们吃早餐是有必要的。
It is necessary that we (should) have breakfast .
8.它是否对我们有害并不重要。
Whether it will do harm to us doesn’t matter.
9.我们要邀请多少人还是一个问题。
How many people we are to invite is still a question.
10.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It remains a problem whether they will support us.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As teenagers, we do have some troubles when growing up, but we can get rid of them correctly and 1. (wise). First, some teenagers are upset 2. their images and looks. They are unnecessary and not important at all. We needn’t care about them. It is one’s inner beauty 3. matters. Second, we sometimes seem to be 4. (understand) by our teachers, parents and classmates. 5. (face) with this, we can find 6. proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, 7. (try) to remove the misunderstanding. Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open-minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others, 8. makes us feel stressed. Actually we can encourage ourselves to work efficiently, full of 9. (determine). At last, some of us don’t have much pocket money, so they feel unhappy. Isn’t it strange 10. long as we have some, that’s enough. And we can learn how to manage money.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.wisely
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。年轻人在成长的过程中, 经常会遇见麻烦。作者在文章中提出了四条帮助年轻人处理生活中麻烦事的建议。
考查副词。根据and前面的correctly可知, 此处是副词作状语, 修饰get rid of。
答案：2.about
解析：2.考查固定搭配。be upset about意为“对……感到心烦”。
答案：3.that
解析：3.考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”, 本句强调one’s inner beauty, 所以要填that。
答案：4.misunderstood
解析：4.考查被动语态。分析语境可知, 设空处表示“误解”, 应用misunderstand。本句主语we与动词misunderstand构成被动关系, 要用过去分词与前面的be构成被动语态。所以要填misunderstood。
答案：5.Faced
解析：5.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处用非谓语动词作状语。be faced with…表示“面对……”。所以要填Faced。
答案：6.a
解析：6.考查冠词。a proper time意为“一个合适的时间”。所以要填a。
答案：7.trying
解析：7.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处用非谓语动词作状语。本句主语we与动词try构成主动关系, 现在分词在句中作状语。所以要填trying。
答案：8.which
解析：8.考查定语从句。关系代词which指代前面的主句, 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。
答案：9.determination
解析：9.考查名词。介词of后面通常接名词或代词作宾语, 句中要用determine的名词形式作宾语, 所以要填determination。
答案：10.As/So
解析：10.考查固定搭配。so/as long as意为“只要”, 引导条件状语从句。所以要填As/So。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. assumption n. 假定, 假设
How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it’s not always obvious who is truly happy. （教材P5）我们不应该假设别人的感受, 因为谁是真正快乐的并不总是显而易见的。
典例翻译
①We make the assumption that everyone invited will turn up at the wedding.
我们假定每一个受到邀请的人都会出席此次婚礼。
②It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为, 压力是工作过重导致。
③I have assumed him to be an American.
我本以为他是美国人。
④We are working on the assumption that everyone will turn up.
我们正在依据每个人都会出现这样一个假设作出安排。
归纳拓展
（1）assumption n. 假定, 假设
认为, 假定 make an assumption
假定…… on the assumption that...
（2）assume vt. 假定; 认为
认为某人是…… assume sb. to be...
人们认为…… It is assumed that...
假设 assuming that...
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption (assume)that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centres.
②Let us assume it to be (be) true.
（2）句式升级
③If there isn’t the hard work of the dustman, what can you imagine our environment will be like （用assuming that……改写）
Assuming that there isn’t the hard work of the dustman , what can you imagine our environment will be like
④People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. （用it作形式主语改写）
It is assumed that what people do has little effect on the environment.
2. sensitive adj. 敏感的
He has the outward appearance of the King of the Beasts, but he has a timid and sensitive character, which causes him to believe he is a coward. （教材P7）它有着兽中之王的外表, 但是它有一个胆怯而敏感的性格, 这使它相信自己是一个懦夫。
典例翻译
①As is often the case in nature, some plants are so sensitive to temperature that they can only survive in cool places.
有些植物对温度非常敏感, 以至于它们只能在凉爽的地方生存, 这在自然界是经常的情况。
②There were families there that I might or might not know, but I sensed that I should know them.
那里有些家庭我可能认识, 也可能不认识, 但我觉得我应该认识他们。
③The speaker had a strong accent, so Tom couldn’t make sense of what he had said.
因为演讲者有浓重的口音, 所以汤姆听不懂他所说的话。
④I appreciate the sense of urgency because I feel it myself.
我领会这种紧迫的感觉, 因为我自己就能体会到。
归纳拓展
（1）sensitive adj.敏感的; 艺术感觉好的
对某事敏感/某人体谅 be sensitive to sth./sb.
栩栩如生的画像 a sensitive portrait
（2）sense n. 感觉官能; 理解力; 意义; 理智 vt. 感觉到; 检测出
有道理, 合乎情理, 明智 make sense
做某事没有意义/没有多大意义 there is no/little sense/point (in) doing sth.
醒过来; 恢复理智 come to one’s senses
失去理智; 糊涂了; 发疯 lose one’s senses
在某种意义上 in a sense
在各种意义上 in every sense
决不 in no sense
方向感/幽默感/职责感/责任感 a sense of direction/humor/duty/responsibility
广义上/狭义上 in a broad/narrow sense
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①What she says is true in a sense.
②Here was no sense in making (make) a child suffer like that.
③We hope she’ll come to her senses and correct her mistakes.
（2）单句写作
④研究表明, 良好的幽默感甚至会让你看起来更聪明。(2020江苏卷, 任务型阅读)
Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.
3. loyal adj. 忠贞的, 忠实的, 忠诚的
In reality, he is brave and loyal, and always ready for a dangerous challenge when it is necessary to do the right thing. （教材P7）在现实中, 有必要做正确的事情的时候他是勇敢和忠诚的, 并且时刻准备迎接危险的挑战。
典例翻译
①A loyal man stands by his friends in weal and woe.
一个忠诚的人无论祸福都会支持他的朋友。
②We are loyal to our motherland.
我们忠于祖国。
③My judgement was frequently faulty, but my loyalty to the nation could not be questioned.
我的判断经常出错, 但是我对祖国的忠诚是毋庸置疑的。
归纳拓展
（1）loyal adj. 忠贞的, 忠实的, 忠诚的
忠于 be loyal to
忠于爱情 loyal in one’s love
（2）loyalty n. 忠诚; 忠心; 忠贞
对……的忠诚 loyalty to
出于对……的忠诚 out of loyalty to
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We were given a royal welcome.
② I consider myself to be loyal to the brand.
③The couple were loyal in their love though they were living a tough life.
（2）完成句子
④她总是信守自己的政治原则。
She has always remained loyal to her political principles.
⑤他一直是我们大家忠实的朋友。
He’d always been such a loyal friend to us all .
⑥他的赤诚忠心使他看不清真相。
His sense of loyalty blinded him to the truth.
重点句型
现在分词短语作状语
However, he performs brave actions even when he feels afraid, proving that he is in fact a courageous individual. （教材P7）然而, 即使在他感到害怕的时候, 他也会做出勇敢的举动, 这证明了他实际上是一个勇敢的人。
典例翻译
①Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio.
回信后, 她接着听收音机。
②Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.
被告知留在北京后, 男孩决定不回他的村庄了。
③While crossing the street, you should look around.
过马路时, 你应该看看周围。
④The meeting being over, we all left the hall.
会议结束后, 我们都离开了大厅。
归纳拓展
（1）现在分词的完成被动式与过去分词都表示“完成”“被动”, 但前者更加强调分词动作先于谓语动作, 而后者的时间性不强。
（2）分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
（3）当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时, 分词需要带自己的主语, 从而构成独立主格结构。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① Working (work) hard, you will succeed.
②Whether permitting (permit), we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.
③But once having met (meet) and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance.（2020天津卷, 阅读理解）
（2）句式升级
Because she buried herself in the film, she didn’t know it was snowing outside.
④ Burying herself in the film , she didn’t know it was snowing outside. （用现在分词短语作状语改写）
⑤ Buried in the film , she didn’t know it was snowing outside. （用过去分词短语作状语改写）
11Unit 1 Face values
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元的学习，了解中外关于“美”的看法，外国作品中人物形象，培养对个人的外在美和内在美的认识。
语言能力目标 核心单词 pretend, identical, overlook, bother, acknowledge, assumption, frightful, sensitive, loyal, comprehension, compassion, accent, resemble, expression
重点词块 boost one’s confidence, from head to toe, make an impression on, make an effort, try every means, come across, out of mercy
单元语法 （Subjectclauses）主语从句
写作能力 能够利用本单元所学的语言知识、技能和策略，写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的书评。
背景导学
One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest（最卑微的）to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.
We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter for a second cup of coffee, I asked, “My I get you something ”
“A coffee would be nice.”
Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, “How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath ”
“Who ”
“The man you were sitting with. He is the Chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!
My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter whether they are kind and sincere or not.
1.What does the underlined word “disheveled” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Unfriendly.B. Untidy.C. Gentle.D. Kind.
答案：B
2.The author bought coffee for the old man because .
A. he thought the old man was poor
B. he wanted to start a conversation
C. he wanted to show his politeness
D. he would like to thank the old man
答案： A
3.How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend
A. Proud.B. Excited.C. Surprised.D. Angry.
答案：C
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. The writer entered the restaurant to have lunch.
B. The old man was one of the world’s richest and most powerful men.
C. The writer and the old man introduced themselves.
D. The old man had no money and couldn’t afford anything to eat.
答案：B
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 It’s all about ME! “Me”. It’s a small word with big meaning, and that meaning is as individual to each of us as the way we look. Through interviews, I was able to discover what “me” means to other people, and how they have learnt to appreciate the beauty in themselves. Psychologist, Dr Hart Jade，24，accounting manager As the song in Ugly Betty puts it, “It’s a pretty person’s world”. I understand this more than most, as I have always been plain-looking. I’m a girl who’d love to look good. Well, who wouldn’t So, ever since I discovered selfie apps that could remove my freckles, enlarge my eyes and even slim my jawline, I have become addicted. I spend hours every day editing my selfies, posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments. Each “like” boosts my confidence. Dad thinks I am a narcissist, but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares Dr Hart says: Obsessive online photo editing indicates a lack of self-confidence and a desire for attention. However, the image Jade presents to obtain the praise of others is false. People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. Anthony, 21, college student I never really cared about my appearance. That’s why I could never understand my sister, who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning. I only used to have five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts. When I first moved into my dormitory at college, this made my roommates quite confused as they saw me in the same clothes day after day. Last month they registered me for a TV programme, A New You. It felt bizarre at first. I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe. But I was surprised at how good I looked after the makeover! For the first time in my life I saw myself as a handsome and well-presented young man. At that moment, I perceived that external beauty isn’t totally worthless. It can be an expression of our personalities, helping us make a good and positive impression on others. Dr Hart says : It’s true that inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked. It plays a part in the image we present to the world, and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence. Emma， 17， senior high school student Ever since I was little, I’ve been larger than other girls. For a long time, this really bothered me. People would stare at me because I was “big” and I hated the way I looked. My anxiety drove me to try every means possible to lose weight, including dieting and weight-loss pills, but this brought me nothing but pain and poor health. Everything changed when one day I came across the success story of a plus-size model, Tess Holliday. Although she’s larger than most other models, she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself-even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes. Her story changed my ideas about what it means to be beautiful. I realised that my health, mental and physical, is the most important thing. Now I exercise a couple of times a week but just to keep fit. I mean, isn’t it better that I’m large and happy, instead of skinny and unhealthy Dr Hart says : I completely agree with Emma-being healthy is beautiful, and we should wear that beauty with confidence. What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good heath not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too! 教材译文 一切都是关于“我”！ “我”。一个意义重大的小词，它的意义就像我们每个人的长相一样，因人而异。通过采访，我能够发现“我”对其他人意味着什么，以及他们如何学会欣赏自己的美。 心理学家，哈特博士 杰德，24岁，会计主管 正如《丑女贝蒂》中的那首歌所唱的那样，“这是一个漂亮的人的世界”。我比大多数人更明白这一点，因为我一直相貌平平。我是一个喜欢看起来好看的女孩。好吧，谁不喜欢呢？ 所以，自从我发现自拍应用程序可以祛除我的雀斑，放大我的眼睛，甚至让我的下颌轮廓变瘦，我就上瘾了。我每天都要花几个小时编辑我的自拍照，并把它们发到网上，然后很多次急切地查看手机上的评论。每个“赞”都能增强我的自信心。爸爸认为我是一个自我陶醉者，但我要说的是我的照片没有伤害任何人，所以谁会在乎呢？ 哈特博士说： 过度的在线编辑照片表明缺乏自信和渴望被关注。然而，杰德为获得他人赞扬所展示的形象是虚假的。自认为是某个人而其实不是的人往往会误判自己。 安东尼，21岁，大学生 我从来都不太在乎自己的外表。那就是我永远无法理解我妹妹的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上都不能选定该用哪一支。我以前只有5条一模一样的裤子和5件一模一样的衬衫。当我第一次搬进大学宿舍时，这种情况让我的室友很困惑，因为日复一日他们看到我穿着同样的衣服。上个月，他们为我报名参加了一个电视节目《一个全新的你》。一开始感觉很奇怪。我不喜欢被从头到脚地审视。但我很惊讶地看到我打扮后看起来是多么好看！ 这是我平生第一次视自己为一个英俊、仪表堂堂的年轻人。在那一刻，我意识到外在美并不是毫无价值的。它可以是我们个性的一种表达，有助于我们给别人留下良好且积极的印象。 哈特博士说： 诚然，内在美很重要，但外在美也不应该完全被忽视。它在我们呈现给世界的形象中发挥一定的作用，努力打扮自己可以给别人留下积极的第一印象，并增强你的自信心。 艾玛，17岁，高中学生 从很小的时候起，我就比其他女孩个子都大。在很长一段时间里，这真的困扰着我。人们会盯着我看，因为我个子“大”，我讨厌自己的样子。我的焦虑驱使我尝试所有可能的减肥方法，包括节食和减肥药，但这带给我的只有疼痛和糟糕的健康状况。有一天，我偶然看到超大号模特特斯·霍利迪的成功故事后，一切都改变了。尽管她比其他大多数模特个子都要大，但她真的很有吸引力，而且有自信做她自己——即使在一个充满了对美的模式化观念的行业中。她的故事改变了我对美的意义的看法。我意识到我的身心健康是最重要的。现在我一周锻炼几次，但只是为了保持健康。我的意思是，我个子大又快乐, 而不是极瘦又不健康，难道不是更好吗？ 哈特博士说： 我完全同意艾玛的观点——健康就是美丽，而且我们应该自信地呈现那种美丽。我真正钦佩的是她以这种方式承认良好的健康状况不仅使我们更美丽而且也使我们更快乐！
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. enlarge / n lɑ d /v. （使）增大，扩大→ large /lɑ d /adj. 大的；大量的；广泛的
2. obsessive / b ses v/adj. 痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的（含贬义）→ obsess / b ses/v. 使痴迷，使迷恋；使心神不宁
3. misjudge /m s d d /v. 对（人或情况）判断错误→ misjudgment /m s’d d m nt/ n. 判断错误；错误认识
4. confident / k nf d nt/adj. 自信的；肯定的，有把握的→ confidently / k nf d ntli/adv. 自信地；确信地→ confidence /'k nf d ns/n. 信心；信任
5. identical /a dent kl/adj. 完全相同的；非常相似的→ identically /a 'dent kl /adv. 同一地；相等地
6. skinny / sk ni/adj. 极瘦的，皮包骨的→ skin /sk n/n. 皮肤；外皮
7. assumption / s mp n/n. 假定，假设→ assume / sju m/vt. 假设；承担；呈现
8. psychology /sa k l d i/n. 心理，心理过程→ psychological / sa k l d kl/adj. 心理的；心理学的；精神上的→ psychologically / sa k l d k li/adv. 心理上地；心理学地→ psychologist /sa k l d st/n. 心理学家，心理学者
9. finding / fa nd /n. 调研结果；调查发现 → find /fa nd/vt. 找到；发现；认为；感到
10. frightful / fra tfl/adj. 可怕的→ fright /fa t/n. 惊吓；恐怖→ frighten / fra tn/vt. 使惊恐，使惊吓→ frightening / fra tn /adj. 令人恐惧的，使惊恐的→ frightened / fra tnd/adj. 害怕的；受惊的；惊吓的
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.在……方面；就……而言 in terms of
2.正如……所说 as…put it
3.增加某人的信心 boost one’s confidence
4.缺乏 a lack of
5.倾向于 tend to
6.leave an impression on 给……留下印象
7.try every means 千方百计
8.come across 偶然遇到
9.keep fit 保持健康
10.nothing but 只有；只不过
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 as引导原因状语从句
教材原句 I understand this more than most, as I have always been plain-looking. 我比大多数人更明白这一点，因为我一直相貌平平。
中文例句 你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。
句式仿写 As you were out, I left a message.
2.
句型公式 why引导表语从句
教材原句 That’s why I could never understand my sister, who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning. 那就是我永远无法理解我妹妹的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上都不能选定该用哪一支。
中文例句 这就是用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。（2020全国卷Ⅱ, 语法填空）
句式仿写 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance.
3.
句型公式 现在分词作状语
教材原句 It can be an expression of our personalities, helping us make a good and positive impression on others. 它可以是我们个性的一种表达，有助于我们给别人留下良好且积极的印象。
中文例句 他沿着甲板找了好久才找到一名医生。
句式仿写 Searching along the deck, it had taken him such a long time to find a doctor .
4.
句型公式 主语从句
教材原句 What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good heath not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too! 我真正钦佩的是她以这种方式承认良好的健康状况不仅使我们更美丽而且也使我们更快乐！
中文例句 我们将要做什么还没有决定下来。
句式仿写 What shall we do hasn’t been decided.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
1.What is the main idea of the text
A.Each “like” boosts our confidence.
B.How we learn to appreciate the beauty in others.
C.Inner beauty is more important than external beauty.
D.What is the true meaning of being beautiful.
答案：D
Reading for the structure.
1.
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
It’s all about ME!
Jade，24， accounting manager I spend hours every day 1. editing my selfies, posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments. Each ”like“2. boosts my confidence.
Anthony, 21，college student I perceived that external beauty isn’t totally 3. worthless . It can be an expression of our 4. personalities , helping us make a good and positive impression on others.
Emma，17， senior high school student Her story 5. changed my ideas about what it means to be beautiful. I realised that my health, 6. mental and physical, is the most 7. important thing.
The passage is developed by 8. giving examples .
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Why does Jade’s father consider her a narcissist
A.She treats herself as a pretty girl.
B.She is addicted to editing her selfies.
C.She likes commenting on online selfies.
D.She uses selfie apps to look plain.
答案：B
2.What is Dr Hart’s attitude towards obsessive online photo editing
A.Supportive.B.Unclear.
C.Disapproving.D.Unconcerned.
答案：C
3.What does the example of Anthony prove
A.Men usually aren’t particular about their clothing.
B.People care about their appearance in public.
C.External beauty depends on your inner beauty.
D.Outer beauty can improve your self-confidence.
答案：D
4.What has been troubling Emma since she was a child
A.She is too thin to be a model.
B.She suffers pain and poor health.
C.She is taller and stronger than others.
D.She can’t change the beauty stereotypes.
答案：C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.Dad thinks ① I am a narcissist , but ② what I say is ③ that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone , ④ so who cares
【分析】 本句是由并列连词but和so连接的并列复合句；①为省略了引导词的宾语从句，②为what引导的主语从句，③为that引导的表语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分。
【译文】 爸爸认为我是一个自我陶醉者，但我要说的是我的照片没有伤害任何人，所以谁会在乎呢？
2.It plays a part in the image ① we present to the world , and ② making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence.
【分析】本句是由并列连词and 连接的并列复合句；①是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句②为动名词短语作主语。【译文】 它在我们呈现给世界的形象中发挥一定的作用，努力打扮自己可以给别人留下积极的第一印象，增加你的自信。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What does the passage talk about
Three people were interviewed about what ”me“ means to them and how they have learnt to appreciate the beauty in themselves.
2.What does Jade think of her look
She thinks she has always been plain-looking.
3.How does Jade improve her confidence
She discovered selfie apps that could make her beautiful in photos.
4.What was Anthony’s opinion about his appearance and what changed his mind
Anthony never really cared about his appearance. Last month his roommates registered him for a TV programme, A New You. He was surprised at how good he looked after the makeover.
5.What happened to Emma before she read the story of a plus-size model, Tess Holliday
She thought she was ”big“ and hated the way she looked.
6.How did Emma reflect on what she had done before
She changed her ideas about what it means to be beautiful. She realised that her health, mental and physical, is the most important thing.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
将上述句子转换句式（不能使用课文原句）。
1.使用词汇替换方式缩写第一句。
Some people told their personal experiences and their opinions about beauty.
2.使用词汇替换句型转换方式合并第二、三句。
Though Jade is plain-looking, she improves her confidence by using photo apps.
3.使用句型转换方式改写第四句。
Anthony never cared about his appearance but after he attended a TV program, he realised that external beauty can make a good impression on others.
4.使用句型转换方式改写第五句。
Emma from a senior high school was bothered by her ”big“ body but a plus-size model who is confident to be herself changed her.
5.使用句型转换方式改写第六句。
Emma changed her ideas about beauty and she knew that health is the most important.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Some people told their personal experiences and their opinions about beauty. Though Jade is plain-looking, she improves her confidence by using photo apps. Anthony never cared about his appearance but after he attended a TV program, he realised that external beauty can make a good impression on others. Emma from a senior high school was bothered by her ”big“ body but a plus-size model who is confident to be herself changed her ideas about beauty and she knew that health is the most important.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1.enlarge v. （使）增大，扩大
So, ever since I discovered selfie apps that could remove my freckles, enlarge my eyes and even slim my jawline, I have become addicted. （教材P2） 所以，自从我发现自拍应用程序可以祛除我的雀斑，放大我的眼睛，甚至让我的下颌轮廓变瘦，我就上瘾了。
典例翻译
①Please enlarge on this question-we need to know more.
请详细谈谈这个问题——我们需要多了解一些。
②He enlarged on the importance of studying English.
他详细地讲了学习英语的重要性。
归纳拓展
（1）enlarge v. （使）增大，扩大
扩大某人的词汇量 enlarge one’s vocabulary
扩大规模 enlarge the scale
详述；细说 enlarge on…
（2）enlarged adj. 放大的；增大的；扩展的
一节大课 an enlarged class
屏幕上的一个放大窗口 an enlarged window on the screen
词汇助记
en-+n./adj. 构成动词 ①使处于…… ②使；使成为 enjoy喜欢；enable 使能够；endanger 使处于危险中；enrich 使丰富；ensure保证
n./adj.+-en ①使成为；变成（构成动词） ②由……制成（构成形容词） blacken使变黑；sadden使悲伤；wooden木制的；woolen羊毛的
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We’re going to have this picture enlarged （enlarge）.
②We’ll have an enlarged （enlarge） class tomorrow.
（2）单句写作
③我对您演讲的主题很感兴趣。您能详细谈谈您今天下午提到的内容吗？
I am really interested in the topic of your speech. Can you enlarge on what you mentioned this afternoon
2. pretend v. 假装，装作
People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. （教材P2）
自认为是某个人而其实不是的人往往会误判自己。
典例翻译
①Tom pretended he didn’t see her and kept working to see what she would do next.
汤姆假装没看到她而继续工作，想看看她下一步将要做什么。
②He pretended to be reading important papers when the boss entered.
老板进来时他假装正在看重要的文件。
③The boy pretended to have fallen asleep when his father came back.
他的父亲回来时，那个男孩假装已经入睡。
归纳拓展
pretend v. 假装，装作
假装（不要）做某事 pretend（not）to do sth.
假装正在做某事 pretend to be doing sth.
假装做过某事 pretend to have done sth.
自认为……（+adj./n.） pretend to be
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Don’t pretend to understand （understand） when you don’t.
②So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading （read）.
③He pretended to have known （know） the answer to the problem already.
（2）句型转换
将下列复合句改为简单句。
④He pretended that he had known the news.
He pretended to have known the news.
3. bother v. （使）苦恼
For a long time, this really bothered me. （教材P3）在很长一段时间里，这真的困扰着我。
典例翻译
①Don’t bother meeting me.
不必费心来见我。
②Don’t bother yourself about me-I am doing quite well.
别为我操心，我一切都好。
③He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.
他甚至连通知都没通知我他要来。
归纳拓展
（1）bother v. （使）苦恼
花费时间、精力做某事 bother doing sth./to do sth.
为某事打扰某人 bother sb. with/about sth.
某人为……费心/焦虑/困扰 bother sb. that…
不想花时间、精力做某事 can’t be bothered to do sth.
（2）bother n. 麻烦；困难
使某人烦恼 put sb. to bother
一件令人烦恼的情况（或事物、人） a bother
易混辨析
bother; disturb; interrupt
bother “打扰”“搅扰”，指使人受到烦扰或在精神上烦恼，尤指把某人弄得焦急不安、心烦意乱、心情不能平静，在句中多用于否定结构。 bother着重“打扰”行为的本身，而不指由此而产生的“烦躁”“不安”状态, 因此表达“感觉烦躁”这个意思时，不能说“I feel bothered.”而应说“I feel restless.”。
disturb “打扰；妨碍；扰乱”，侧重对某人动作或行为的干扰或干预，给别人带来较长时间的耽搁或使某人不能专注于某事。
interrupt “中断，打断”，主要指对别人谈话或某一活动的打扰，使对方或活动停下来或不能继续。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Jim slipped into the room without disturbing （disturb） his parents.
②Sorry to interrupt （interrupt）, but there’s someone to see you.
③Don’t bother getting/to get （get） dinner for me.
（2）单句写作
④我哥哥懒得和我一起玩。（2020浙江卷，七选五）
My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
4. acknowledge v. 承认（某事属实或某情况存在）
What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good heath not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too！（教材P3）我真正钦佩的是她以这种方式承认良好的健康状况不仅使我们更美丽，而且也使我们更快乐！
典例翻译
①We must not fail to acknowledge the kindness she showed to us.
我们必须对她的好心好意表示感谢。
②The company will acknowledge your application within 5 days.
收到你的申请后，公司会在5天内复函，告知收悉。
③We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff.
我们承认这种改变对于一些学校职工来说可能是困难的。
④It is universally acknowledged that it’s very difficult to shake off bad habits.
人们普遍认为，摆脱不良习惯是非常困难的。
归纳拓展
（1）acknowledge v. 承认；告知收悉
承认/感谢/认可某人/某物 acknowledge sb./sth.
承认某人/某物是…… acknowledge sb./sth. to be/as…
人们公认…… It’s acknowledged that…
（2）acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢；收件复函
对……表示感谢 in acknowledgement of
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged （acknowledge）after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. （2019全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空）
②It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as the most successful film series.
③There was no acknowledgement （acknowledge） of the extent of the problem.
（2）句型转换
④It’s universally acknowledged that he is the best player in the world. （改为简单句）
He is universally acknowledged to be/as the best player in the world.
5. in terms of 依据；按照；在……方面；以……措辞
Men and women are almost equal in terms of how satisfied they are. （教材P2）就他们的满意度而言，男人和女人几乎是相同的。
典例翻译
①But in the end, he wonders if people will ever come to terms with this.
但最终他想知道人们是否将会对此妥协。
②He insists that in the long term, local news will work online.
他坚持认为，从长期来看，本地新闻将在网上运作。
③Though we don’t see each other often, I am still on good terms with her.
虽然我们不常见面，但我和她仍然关系很好。
④Perhaps we can come to terms.
也许我们可以达成协议。
归纳拓展
从长/短/中期来看 in the long/short/medium term
（与某人）达成协议，妥协 come to terms（with sb.）
接受令人不快的事物；适应困难的处境 come to terms with sth.
与……关系好/不好 on good/bad terms with
头脑风暴
猜猜下列短语的意义，看看它们表达的意义是否相同？
according to/as to /as for /as far as…be concerned
根据/关于/至于/就……而言
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①经常和你的父母交换意见，这样你们之间的关系就会很融洽。
Exchange opinions with your parents frequently so you both can be on good terms with each other .
②他用了很长时间才接受自己的残疾。
It has taken him a long time to come to terms with his disability .
③从长远来看，这项协议应该会产生非常积极的结果。
The agreement should have very positive results in the long term .
（2）单句写作
④在经济方面，我们的社区从艺术中获益。（2018江苏卷，阅读理解）
Our communities benefit from arts in terms of the economy .
6. boost one’s confidence 增加某人的信心
Each ”like“ boosts my confidence. （教材P2）每个“赞”都能增加我的自信心。
典例翻译
①If you boost me up, I can just reach the window.
假如你托我一把，我正好可以够到窗户。
②The players all have confidence in their coach.
运动员都对他们的教练有信心。
归纳拓展
boost up 托起
have confidence in对……有信心；信任……
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Despite the current difficulty, he still has confidence in his team.
②We need a big win to boost our （we）confidence.
（2）单句写作
③现在，父母倾向于给他们的孩子很多表扬，希望增加他们的信心，但这可能会产生相反的效果。（2019浙江卷6月考，概要写作改编）
Nowadays, parents tend to offer lots of praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect.
7. from head to toe 从头到脚
I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe. （教材P3） 我不喜欢被从头到脚地审视。
典例翻译
①The lecture was a bit over their heads.
这演讲过于深奥了一点，他们不能理解。
②The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.
总统遭暗杀使事态到了紧要关头。
③Can’t you get it into your head that it is dangerous to ride a motorbike without wearing protective clothing
难道你不明白骑摩托车不穿防护衣有危险吗？
④Heading away from the mountains, I soon found an easier path leading downhill to the village.
我背着山走了不久，就发现了一条通往该村的比较平坦的下山小路。
归纳拓展
（1）head n. 头；头脑；上端；领袖，首领；领头位置
太高深而使某人难以理解 over one’s head
（使）事情达到紧要关头 bring sth. to a head/come to a head
理解某事 get sth. into one’s head
（2）head v. 朝……前进；用头顶；领导；排在前头；给……加标题
向（某地点的）反方向移动，运动 head away from
朝……行进 head for
学以致用
单句填空
①Matters have been brought to a head in the peace talks; tomorrow they will either succeed or fail.
②I have difficulty learning French irregular verbs; I just can’t seem to get them into my head.
8. make a/an…impression on 给……留下……印象
It can be an expression of our personalities, helping us make a good and positive impression on others. （教材P3）它可以是我们个性的一种表达，有助于我们给别人留下良好且积极的印象。
典例翻译
①His trip to India made a strong impression on him.
他的印度之旅对他的触动很大。
②This lesson is impressed on my mind.
这个教训深印在我脑海中。
③The writing paper is impressed with school seal.
信笺上有学校的印章。
④This is an impressive performance worth watching.
这是一场值得一看的令人难忘的表演。
归纳拓展
（1）给……留下印象 make/leave/give an impression on
对某人/某物的印象好（不好） get/have a good（bad） impression of sb./sth.
（2）impress vt. 给……以深刻的好印象；压抑
使某人意识到某事；使铭记某事 impress sth. on/upon sb.
用某人/某物给某人留下深刻的好印象 impress sb. with sb./sth.
（3）impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的；令人敬佩的
一场令人印象深刻的演出 an impressive performance
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive （impress）.
②I was very impressed （impress）by the efficiency of the staff.
③A few characters are used to create a single impression （impress） growing out of the theme.（2020浙江卷，阅读理解）
（2）单句写作
④看到我的爸爸和保罗叔叔骑马，我印象深刻。
I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.
9. try every means千方百计
My anxiety drove me to try every means possible to lose weight, including dieting and weight-loss pills, but this brought me nothing but pain and poor health. （教材P3）我的焦虑驱使我尝试所有可能的减肥方法，包括节食和减肥药，但这给我带来的只有疼痛和身体不适。
典例翻译
①I suggest that mankind should try every means to maintain the balance of nature.
我建议人类应该想尽一切办法维持大自然的平衡。
②By no means is he satisfied with the job.
他对这项工作一点儿也不满意。
③Can you solve the problem by this means
你能用这种方法解决这个问题吗？
归纳拓展
用……办法；借助……手段 by means of…
可以；没问题；当然行 by all means
无论如何；用一切可能的方法 by any means
绝不（置于句首时，句子部分倒装） by no means
通过这种方式 by this means
易错辨析
means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
头脑风暴
表达“（做）……的方法”， 用 the means/way/method of （doing） sth. ; the way to do sth. ; the approach to （doing） sth.。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①By no means was he annoyed; on the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
②All means have been tried （try）, but they can’t achieve their goals.
（2）选词填空
by means of, by no means, by all means, by any means
③He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means .
④He succeeded by means of perseverance.
⑤—May I borrow your bicycle
— By all means .
⑥She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.
重点句型
why引导表语从句
That’s why I could never understand my sister, who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning. （教材P3）那就是为什么我永远无法理解我的妹妹，她有17支口红，每天早上都不能选定该用哪一支。
典例翻译
①Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers（触发）one person may or may not trigger another.
不是每个人对事件的反应都一样，这就是为什么触发一个人的事情可能会触发另一个人，也可能不会。
②This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it.
这就是为什么有一种说法，如果你想要完成某事，让一个忙碌的人去做。
归纳拓展
（1）可接表语从句的连系动词有be、look、seem、sound、appear等。
（2）because、why可引导表语从句。但前者强调原因，后者强调结果。
（3）what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①That’s why he got angry with me.
②The reason is that you don’t trust her.
③—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I have been practising a lot these days.（2020天津卷，单项选择）
（2）单句写作
④这正是为什么一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意。
That’s precisely why one garbage-eating Frenchman has caught our attention.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.By reading our textbooks, we have learned the grammar and enlarged
（扩大） our vocabulary.
2.Do what you can to give her confidence and boost （使增长）her morale（士气）.
3.Feeling awful, she walked back to her dormitory （宿舍）， carrying her schoolbag full of homework.
4.She lost the race after she misjudged （误判） the ability of the other competitors.
5.The two pictures are similar, although not identical （相同的）.
6.I don’t want to bother （麻烦）her with my problems at the moment.
7.This may seem so simple, but it is so important, and often overlooked （忽略）.
8.It’s generally acknowledged （承认）that education shouldn’t be measured only by examination results.
9.The book doesn’t pretend （自称）to be a great work of literature.
10.You just might not be aware of that if you’re too busy being self-critical （自我批评的）.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in terms of, boost one’s confidence, a lack of, from head to toe, make an effort, stare at, come across, make a deep impression on, keep fit, attempt to
1.It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
2.She showed a lack of responsibility, so she lost the good opportunity.
3.The policeman observed me from head to toe as though I were a thief.
4.My English teacher praised me in public, which boosted my confidence .
5.When seeking for a job, a university graduate is at a disadvantage in terms of working experience.
6.She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit .
7.This can lead to misunderstanding, unless we make an effort to understand.
8.The frightened thief hid himself in the dark corner of the yard, staring at the open door.
9.Thank you for your speech. It made a deep impression on me.
10.I will attempt to answer all your questions, only if they are beyond me.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Jade, an accounting manager, is a plain-looking girl but loves to look good. After finding selfie apps which can make a person look more beautiful, she was addicted to them. By 1. editing （edit） her selfies, posting them and eagerly checking 2. comments （comment）, she improved her confidence. Though 3. considered （consider） as a narcissist by her father, she doesn’t care because her edited photos don’t do harm to others.
Anthony，21，a college student who never cared about his appearance, didn’t understand why his sister was puzzled at which lipsticks 4. to use （use） because she had 17 ones. He made his college roommates confused, for he always wore the same clothes. Last month, his roommates 5. registered （register） him for a TV programme 6. where he was reviewed from head to toe. After that, he realised that external beauty isn’t7. 7. totally （total） worthless. By dressing well, he can make a good impression on others.
Emma is a senior high school student. Being ”big“, she was always being stared 8. at by others. Though she had tried many means to lose weight, she failed. But when she saw 9. a plus-size model named Tess Holliday, who is 10. larger （large） than most other models but has the confidence to be herself, she changed her ideas about beauty. She realised that the most important thing is her health, mental and physical. Now she exercises just to keep healthy.
24
