外研版（2019）选择性必修二：Unit5 A delicate world 基础单元测试卷（含解析）
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外研版（2019）选择性必修二：Unit5 A delicate world 基础单元测试卷
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)
1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about
A.A type of art. B.A teenager's studio. C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals.
2.Who is the director of The Audience
A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan. C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry.
3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history
A.Animals Out of Paper.
B.The Audience.
C.Hamilton.
D.On the Twentieth Century.
B
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation, more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
"We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house," says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in :"We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law."
And what does Nick think "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would."
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married.
1.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol
A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn. D.The daughters.
2.What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law
A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.
3.What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on
A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports. C.Published statistics. D.Public opinions.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.Lifestyles in different countries. B.Conflicts between generations.
C.A housing problem in Britain. D.A rising trend of living in the UK.
C
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I.
Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
1.What is the recent study mainly about
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
2.What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters.\ D.Tall thin persons.
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
4.On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
D
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的)species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe ,to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.
1. According to the passage, human beings _____.
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
2. What does "it"(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to
A. The night.
B. The moon.
C. The sky.
D. The planet.
3. The writer mentions birds and frogs to _____.
A. provide examples of animal protection
B. show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
4. It is implied in the last paragraph that _____.
A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for Teaching Kids Responsibility
Your best friend has a teenager who helps with housework without being asked. Your cousin has a one-year-old child that puts her bottle in the sink when she finishes the milk, but no reminders are needed. ①__________ Raising helpful, good kids who know how to make a sandwich is not a fantasy! The following tips can give you a better chance of raising a responsible child who then grows into a responsible adult.
②__________ You can't suddenly spring responsibility on a teenager and expect he will know how to follow through. He needs time to practice and totally understand what responsibility means.
Let kids help you. Don't complain when it's time to do housework. Smile and invite your son to help. ③__________ He will take these good feelings and learn to take ownership of his home and feel pride in keeping it up.
④__________ Make responsibilities age appropriate. You can show how to complete small tasks in daily life and perform them at a child's skill level. For example, if your kid wants a snack, show him where the apples are and how to wash one off.
Teach your child consequences. Learning to take care of his things also helps a child develop a sense of responsibility for his actions. Get your son to clean up after an art project, and inform him that he won't be able to play with his crayons the next day if he leaves a messy table. ⑤__________ The more you carry out the rules, the more likely he is to clean up without being asked,
A. Have a sense of responsibility.
B. Why do they make a sandwich for kids
C. Show kids how to perform responsibility.
D. Where do these wonderful children come from
E. Start to teach responsibility to kids early.
F. When your child is invited to participate, he feels valued.
G. Then take away his supplies if he does not take his responsibility.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
Viktor Usov has just been reunited with his cat Sasha after the cat was discovered wandering on the streets about 1,400 miles away from home. Usov said he had 1 let Sasha play outside one night five years ago, only to have him disappear. He once assumed the 2 result that he might have lost Sasha.
Last week, however, Sasha was taken in as a healthy pet in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Upon 3 his microchip, the staff at the Santa Fe Animal Shelter were 4 to find that his owner lived so far away. After they 5 to get in contact with Usov, he confirmed that the cat was his 6 cat. Usov told reporters, "When I got the 7 , I was crazy, but not that surprised. I know this cat loves the 8 ." Still, Usov was delighted to see his cat in Portland just 9 after he was found in Santa Fe. "When he 10 , I'll look after him better," he said.
Sasha was 11 back earlier this week. "Our 12 is about caring for people on life's journey and connecting them with their loved ones. We were honored to be in a 13 to get Sasha back to his family," a spokesperson for American Airlines told the shelter.
Murad Kirdar at the shelter hoped Sasha's story would be a great 14 for other pet owners to get their pets microchipped — an effective way to 15 identification. By doing so their hairy friends could always make their way home, no matter how far they are from home.
1.A.recently B.simply C.especially D.apparently
2.A.best B.worst C.luckiest D.easiest .
3.A.scanning B.fixing C.gaining D.removing
4.A.disappointed B.delighted C.shocked D.anxious
5.A.failed B.arranged C.managed D.expected
6.A.lost B.energetic C.poor D.injured
7.A.certificate B.chance C.call D.request
8.A.life B.exercise C.nature D.adventure
9.A.weeks B.days C.months D.years
10.A.disappears B.recovers C.returns D.ages
11.A.shipped B.flown C.driven D.mailed
12.A.duty B.system C.attitude D.reaction
13.A.hurry B.scene C.dilemma D.position
14.A.practice B.strength C.challenge D.encouragement
15.A.support B.recognize C.forget D.destroy
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
Around the end of the first century AD, a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he ①_____(witness) as a young man. The eruption had occurred on August 24th, 79 AD. The tragedy left ②_____ deep impression on Pliny ③_____ had lost an uncle in the eruption. However, more than 1,600 years later, some ④_____(science) found that the lost towns had been buried under the ash of Mount Vesuvius. Pompeii is like a "time capsule" ⑤_____(preserve) a frozen moment in history. ⑥_____ the eruption occurred, ⑦_____ had been a booming Roman city with temples, markets, restaurants and theaters. Today you can visit these buildings by walking along the ⑧_____(origin) streets of the city. And ⑨_____(many) than 250 years since excavations started, thousands of tourists and hundreds of scientists visit Pompeii every year ⑩_____(learn) more about the ancient world.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假如你叫李华,你的美国笔友Tom对中国中学生的暑假生活很感兴趣,来信询问相关情况。请根据以下信息给他回信,内容包括:
1. 介绍中学生的暑假活动;
2. 分享你一次难忘的暑假经历。
注意:
1. 词数 80左右;
2. 请在答题卡相应位置作答。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（满分25分）
阅读下列材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once, when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there was only one family between us and the ticket counter. This family made a big impression on me. There were eight children, all probably under the age of twelve. You could tell they didn't have a lot of money. Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean. The children were well-behaved, all of them standing in line, two-by-two behind their parents, holding hands. They were excitedly talking about the clowns, elephants and other acts they would see that night with their brothers or sisters in a low voice. One could sense they had never been to the circus before. It promised to be a highlight of their young lives.
The father and mother were at the head of the pack, standing proudly as they could be. The mother was holding her husband's hand, looking up at him as if to say, "You are my knight in shining armor." He was smiling and responding in pride, looking back at her as if to say, "You got that right." The ticket lady asked the father how many tickets he wanted. He proudly responded, "Please let me buy eight children's tickets and two adults' tickets, so I can take my family to the circus."
The ticket lady told him the price. The man's wife let go of his hand, lowered her head and her lips began to shake. The father leaned a little closer and asked, "How much did you say " The ticket lady again told him the price. The man obviously didn't have enough money.
How was he supposed to turn and tell his eight children that he didn't have enough money to take them to the circus Actually we were not wealthy in any sense, so I understood how the kids would feel. I felt sorry for them.
Paragraph 1:
Seeing what was going on, my dad seemed to have an idea.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
That day my father and I went back to our car.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3.ADC
解析：1.细节理解题。本题题干意为:Rajiv Joseph的戏剧可能是关于什么的 根据文章第一部分的"in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio(在戏剧中,一位折纸艺术家邀请一位十几岁的天才和他的老师来到她的工作室)"可知,它与一种艺术有关。B:一个青少年的工作室;C:一位伟大的老师;D:一群动物。
2.细节理解题。本题题干意为:The Audience的导演是谁 根据文章The Audience部分的Stephen Daldry directs可知,The Audience的导演是Stephen Daldry,故D项正确。
3.细节理解题。本题题干意为:如果你对美国历史感兴趣,你将会去看哪出戏剧 根据文章Hamilton部分的"in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story"可知,该戏剧是和美国的诞生有关的,所以,如果你对美国历史感兴趣,就应该去看这出戏剧。
B.答案：1-4.BACD
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第三段"Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol... but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor"可知,在布里斯托尔的维多利亚时代的房子里,Rita住在一楼,故选B。
2.考查观点态度。根据第五段中的"From my standpoin, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would"可以判断,Nick对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度,故选A。carefree"不负责任的";tolerant"宽容的";unwilling"不情愿的"。
3.考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013"和第七段中的"It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds... about 1.8 million"可知,作者通过罗列数据来说明几世同堂家庭的情况,故C项"公布的数据"正确。
4.考查主旨大意。根据全文中心句"With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation, more families are choosing to live together"可知,本文主要介绍了近年来英国人选择几世同堂的趋势在上升,故选D。
C.答案：1-4.DDAC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的内容"《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究表明,我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量,而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食"可知,最近的研究主要与饮食行为有关,故D项正确。
2.考查词义猜测。根据第一段第二句"And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid"可知,研究表明,与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反,你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据"contrary to"可知,画线词与heavier people含义相反,故D项正确。
3.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments"可知,为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验;再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知,聘用演员参加实验旨在看演员对参加实验的人的饮食习惯的影响,故A项正确。
4.考查推理判断。根据尾段中的"If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I... because I see the results of his eating habits"可知,如果这个同伴打算吃得更多,我也会吃得更多;但是,我们将调整影响。如果一个超重的人吃了很多,我会稍微保留一点,因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。据此可以推知,我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的,故C项正确。
D.答案：1-4BABD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,人类习惯生活在有光的环境中,是昼行生物,故选B项。
2.代词指代题。联系上文中的"what we've done to the night"可知,it指代的是"the night",故选A项。
3.推理判断题。联系第四、五段的内容可知,作者列举鸟类和青蛙的例子是为了说明光污染给动物带去了危害,故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being"可知, 光污染让人类忘记了自己在宇宙中的位置,因此人类应该反省自己,审视自己的位置,故选D项。
第二节
答案：DEFCG
解析：①根据上文可知,你最好的朋友的孩子不用告诉就知道做家务。你表姐一岁的孩子知道喝完牛奶后把她的瓶子放在水槽里。空格后讲了养一个会做三明治的有帮助的好孩子不是幻想。下面的提示可以让你有更好的机会培养一个负责任的孩子,然后成长为一个负责任的成年人。D项“那么这些完美的小孩都是从哪来的 ”紧密联系上下文,符合题意。
②根据本段后面的内容可知,青少年不会突然变得有责任感,也不要期望他知道如何坚持到底。他需要时间去实践,完全理解责任的含义。E项“早点儿开始教会孩子有责任感”能够概括整段内容,可以作本段的主旨句。
③根据本段第一句“Let kids help you.”可知本段的主题是让孩子帮助你,F项“当你的孩子被邀请加入时,他会觉得自己有价值” 与主题紧密联系,符合题意。
④根据下文“You can show how to complete small tasks in daily life and perform them at a child's skill level. For example, if your kid wants a snack, show him where the apples are and how to wash one off.”可知,你可以在孩子的技能水平上向他们展示如何在日常生活中完成小任务。例如,你的孩子想要零食,那就先告诉他苹果放在哪并且怎样清洗。C项“教会孩子怎样表现得有责任感”能够概括整段内容,可以作本段的主旨句。
⑤本段主要讲的是“Teach your child consequences.”,即教会你的孩子考虑后果。文章举了一个例子,让你的儿子在一个艺术项目后清理干净,告诉他,如果他离开凌乱的桌子,第二天他将不能再玩蜡笔了。G项“如果他没有履行他的责任,那就拿走他的东西”是对该事例的一个总结,符合题意。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5.BBACC; 6-10.ACDBC; 11-15.BADDB
解析：1.Usov说,五年前的一个晚上他只是(simply)让Sasha在外面玩,结果却发现Sasha消失了。
2.根据空后内容可推知,此处应表示Usov曾预想过最糟糕的结果,即他可能已经失去Sasha了。
3.在扫描(scanning)了Sasha的微芯片后,圣菲动物收容所的工作人员发现Sasha的主人住在如此遥远的地方,他们对此感到震惊。
4.参见上题解析。
5.根据下文故事的发展可知,圣菲动物收容所的工作人员成功地与Usov取得了联系。manage to do sth.表示"设法做成某事"。
6.根据第一段中的"Viktor Usov has just been reunited with his cat Sasha"并结合语境可知,Usov确认那就是他丢失的猫。
7.v根据上文中的"get in contact with Usov"可知,此处表示Usov接到来自动物收容所的电话。
8.根据语境并结合选项可知,Usov得知Sasha的消息时并没有感到非常惊讶,因为他知道这只猫喜欢冒险(adventure)。
9.根据第二段中的"Last week, however, Sasha was taken in as a healthy pet in Santa Fe, New Mexico"以及第三段中.的"back earlier this week"可知,上周他的猫被发现在圣菲市,这周他的猫就回来和他团聚了,这中间只有几天的时间,故选B。
10.结合语境可知,此处表示Usov说他会在Sasha回来后更好地照顾它。
11.根据下文中的"We were honored... a spokesperson for American Airlines told the shelter"可知,Sasha 是被空运回波特兰的。
12.美国航空公司的发言人说,他们的职责(duty)是在生命的旅程中照顾人们,并将他们与所爱的人联系起来。
13.美国航空公司的发言人说他们为能够帮Sasha回家而感到荣幸。be in a position to do sth.表示"能够做某事"。
14.收容所的Murad Kirdar希望Sasha的故事能够极大地鼓励其他宠物主人为他们的宠物植入微芯片。encouragement意为"起激励作用的事物"。
15.根据下文中的"By doing so their hairy friends could always make their way home"可知,微芯片是一种有效的辨别身份的方式。
第二节
答案：①had witnessed ②a ③who ④scientists ⑤preserving ⑥Before ⑦it ⑧original ⑨more ⑩to learn
解析：①考查动词的时态。句意: 大约公元一世纪末, 一位名叫普林尼的罗马作家写了自己年轻时目睹的一次可怕的火山爆发。根据对句子结构的分析可知, 设空处作从句的谓语。因为动词witness发生在动词wrote之前, 所以要用过去完成时。故填had witnessed。
②考查冠词。此处是指那场悲剧给普林尼留下了深刻的印象。短语leave a deep impression on sb. 表示"给某人留下深刻的印象"。故填a。
③考查关系代词。句意: 那场悲剧给普林尼留下了深刻的印象, 在那场火山爆发中, 他失去了一个叔叔。根据对句子结构的分析可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是Pliny, 关系词指代人且在定语从句中作主语, 所以要用关系代词who。
④考查名词的复数。由语境可知, 此处表示"科学家", 且结合设空处前的some可知, 此处应用名词的复数形式。故填scientists。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意: 庞贝就像一个"时间胶囊", 保存着历史上一个冻结的时刻。preserve与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 所以应用v.-ing的形式。故填preserving。
⑥考查连词。句意: 在火山爆发之前, 它是一座繁荣的罗马城市, 这里有寺庙、市场、餐馆和剧院。根据句意可知应填Before。
⑦考查代词。设空处作主语, 要用人称代词it指代前面的名词Pompeii, 故填it。
⑧考查形容词。句意: 现在你可以沿着这座城市原来的街道漫步来参观这些建筑物。根据对句子结构的分析可知, 设空处应用形容词来修饰后面的名词streets。origin的形容词是original, 表示"原来的, 最初的", 符合语境。
⑨考查比较级。根据空后的than可知, 这里要用many的比较级more, 短语more than表示"多于, 超出"。
⑩考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知, 此处表示目的, 要用动词不定式to learn, 这里表示"为了了解"之意。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Tom,
How is everything going Learning that you are interested in Chinese summer vacation, I am delighted to share some information with you.
For Chinese students, the summer vacation usually lasts for more than 1 month, during which time students’ activities can be various, ranging from academic improvement to hobby cultivation. Some may be occupied with after-school classes so as to enrich themselves mentally; some may take up more sports to keep physically fit; others may join their friends so that they could get entertained together.
As for me, this summer vacation is the most unforgettable. Short though it was, I spent a fulfilling and rewarding one. The highlight was my voluntary experience in the nursing home, where I had a good chat with the elderly and listened to their life stories. By practicing the voluntary spirit, not only have I gained a better knowledge of the senior citizens but I also have done my bit for the society.
Hopefully, my information can be of help. If you have any doubt, do feel free to ask me.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Seeing what was going on, my dad seemed to have an idea. My dad put his hand in his pocket, pulled out a $ 20 bill and dropped it on the ground. Then he picked it up and tapped the man on the shoulder and said, "Excuse me, sir, this fell out of your pocket." The man turned around and saw the money. He knew what was going on, he looked straight into my dad's eyes, took my dad's hand in both of his, holding the $20 bill, and with his lips shaking, a tear running down his cheek, he replied, "Thank you, thank you, sir. This really means a lot to me and my family."
Paragraph 2:
That day my father and I went back to our car. When I asked Dad why he did so, Dad said, "My child, it was a desperate, heartbreaking and embarrassing situation for a father. Surely he wasn't begging for a handout, but he reminded me of my father, when I was young." He paused for a while, as if wandering in his memory. "We should appreciate what we have obtained from life and seize every opportunity to help others. We didn't go to the circus tonight, but we didn't go without."
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)
1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about
A.A type of art. B.A teenager's studio. C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals.
2.Who is the director of The Audience
A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan. C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry.
3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history
A.Animals Out of Paper.
B.The Audience.
C.Hamilton.
D.On the Twentieth Century.
B
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation, more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
"We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house," says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in :"We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law."
And what does Nick think "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would."
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married.
1.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol
A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn. D.The daughters.
2.What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law
A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.
3.What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on
A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports. C.Published statistics. D.Public opinions.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.Lifestyles in different countries. B.Conflicts between generations.
C.A housing problem in Britain. D.A rising trend of living in the UK.
C
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I.
Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
1.What is the recent study mainly about
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
2.What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters.\ D.Tall thin persons.
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
4.On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
D
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的)species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe ,to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.
1. According to the passage, human beings _____.
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
2. What does "it"(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to
A. The night.
B. The moon.
C. The sky.
D. The planet.
3. The writer mentions birds and frogs to _____.
A. provide examples of animal protection
B. show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
4. It is implied in the last paragraph that _____.
A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for Teaching Kids Responsibility
Your best friend has a teenager who helps with housework without being asked. Your cousin has a one-year-old child that puts her bottle in the sink when she finishes the milk, but no reminders are needed. ①__________ Raising helpful, good kids who know how to make a sandwich is not a fantasy! The following tips can give you a better chance of raising a responsible child who then grows into a responsible adult.
②__________ You can't suddenly spring responsibility on a teenager and expect he will know how to follow through. He needs time to practice and totally understand what responsibility means.
Let kids help you. Don't complain when it's time to do housework. Smile and invite your son to help. ③__________ He will take these good feelings and learn to take ownership of his home and feel pride in keeping it up.
④__________ Make responsibilities age appropriate. You can show how to complete small tasks in daily life and perform them at a child's skill level. For example, if your kid wants a snack, show him where the apples are and how to wash one off.
Teach your child consequences. Learning to take care of his things also helps a child develop a sense of responsibility for his actions. Get your son to clean up after an art project, and inform him that he won't be able to play with his crayons the next day if he leaves a messy table. ⑤__________ The more you carry out the rules, the more likely he is to clean up without being asked,
A. Have a sense of responsibility.
B. Why do they make a sandwich for kids
C. Show kids how to perform responsibility.
D. Where do these wonderful children come from
E. Start to teach responsibility to kids early.
F. When your child is invited to participate, he feels valued.
G. Then take away his supplies if he does not take his responsibility.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
Viktor Usov has just been reunited with his cat Sasha after the cat was discovered wandering on the streets about 1,400 miles away from home. Usov said he had 1 let Sasha play outside one night five years ago, only to have him disappear. He once assumed the 2 result that he might have lost Sasha.
Last week, however, Sasha was taken in as a healthy pet in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Upon 3 his microchip, the staff at the Santa Fe Animal Shelter were 4 to find that his owner lived so far away. After they 5 to get in contact with Usov, he confirmed that the cat was his 6 cat. Usov told reporters, "When I got the 7 , I was crazy, but not that surprised. I know this cat loves the 8 ." Still, Usov was delighted to see his cat in Portland just 9 after he was found in Santa Fe. "When he 10 , I'll look after him better," he said.
Sasha was 11 back earlier this week. "Our 12 is about caring for people on life's journey and connecting them with their loved ones. We were honored to be in a 13 to get Sasha back to his family," a spokesperson for American Airlines told the shelter.
Murad Kirdar at the shelter hoped Sasha's story would be a great 14 for other pet owners to get their pets microchipped — an effective way to 15 identification. By doing so their hairy friends could always make their way home, no matter how far they are from home.
1.A.recently B.simply C.especially D.apparently
2.A.best B.worst C.luckiest D.easiest .
3.A.scanning B.fixing C.gaining D.removing
4.A.disappointed B.delighted C.shocked D.anxious
5.A.failed B.arranged C.managed D.expected
6.A.lost B.energetic C.poor D.injured
7.A.certificate B.chance C.call D.request
8.A.life B.exercise C.nature D.adventure
9.A.weeks B.days C.months D.years
10.A.disappears B.recovers C.returns D.ages
11.A.shipped B.flown C.driven D.mailed
12.A.duty B.system C.attitude D.reaction
13.A.hurry B.scene C.dilemma D.position
14.A.practice B.strength C.challenge D.encouragement
15.A.support B.recognize C.forget D.destroy
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
Around the end of the first century AD, a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he ①_____(witness) as a young man. The eruption had occurred on August 24th, 79 AD. The tragedy left ②_____ deep impression on Pliny ③_____ had lost an uncle in the eruption. However, more than 1,600 years later, some ④_____(science) found that the lost towns had been buried under the ash of Mount Vesuvius. Pompeii is like a "time capsule" ⑤_____(preserve) a frozen moment in history. ⑥_____ the eruption occurred, ⑦_____ had been a booming Roman city with temples, markets, restaurants and theaters. Today you can visit these buildings by walking along the ⑧_____(origin) streets of the city. And ⑨_____(many) than 250 years since excavations started, thousands of tourists and hundreds of scientists visit Pompeii every year ⑩_____(learn) more about the ancient world.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假如你叫李华,你的美国笔友Tom对中国中学生的暑假生活很感兴趣,来信询问相关情况。请根据以下信息给他回信,内容包括:
1. 介绍中学生的暑假活动;
2. 分享你一次难忘的暑假经历。
注意:
1. 词数 80左右;
2. 请在答题卡相应位置作答。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（满分25分）
阅读下列材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once, when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there was only one family between us and the ticket counter. This family made a big impression on me. There were eight children, all probably under the age of twelve. You could tell they didn't have a lot of money. Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean. The children were well-behaved, all of them standing in line, two-by-two behind their parents, holding hands. They were excitedly talking about the clowns, elephants and other acts they would see that night with their brothers or sisters in a low voice. One could sense they had never been to the circus before. It promised to be a highlight of their young lives.
The father and mother were at the head of the pack, standing proudly as they could be. The mother was holding her husband's hand, looking up at him as if to say, "You are my knight in shining armor." He was smiling and responding in pride, looking back at her as if to say, "You got that right." The ticket lady asked the father how many tickets he wanted. He proudly responded, "Please let me buy eight children's tickets and two adults' tickets, so I can take my family to the circus."
The ticket lady told him the price. The man's wife let go of his hand, lowered her head and her lips began to shake. The father leaned a little closer and asked, "How much did you say " The ticket lady again told him the price. The man obviously didn't have enough money.
How was he supposed to turn and tell his eight children that he didn't have enough money to take them to the circus Actually we were not wealthy in any sense, so I understood how the kids would feel. I felt sorry for them.
Paragraph 1:
Seeing what was going on, my dad seemed to have an idea.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
That day my father and I went back to our car.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3.ADC
解析：1.细节理解题。本题题干意为:Rajiv Joseph的戏剧可能是关于什么的 根据文章第一部分的"in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio(在戏剧中,一位折纸艺术家邀请一位十几岁的天才和他的老师来到她的工作室)"可知,它与一种艺术有关。B:一个青少年的工作室;C:一位伟大的老师;D:一群动物。
2.细节理解题。本题题干意为:The Audience的导演是谁 根据文章The Audience部分的Stephen Daldry directs可知,The Audience的导演是Stephen Daldry,故D项正确。
3.细节理解题。本题题干意为:如果你对美国历史感兴趣,你将会去看哪出戏剧 根据文章Hamilton部分的"in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story"可知,该戏剧是和美国的诞生有关的,所以,如果你对美国历史感兴趣,就应该去看这出戏剧。
B.答案：1-4.BACD
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第三段"Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol... but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor"可知,在布里斯托尔的维多利亚时代的房子里,Rita住在一楼,故选B。
2.考查观点态度。根据第五段中的"From my standpoin, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would"可以判断,Nick对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度,故选A。carefree"不负责任的";tolerant"宽容的";unwilling"不情愿的"。
3.考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013"和第七段中的"It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds... about 1.8 million"可知,作者通过罗列数据来说明几世同堂家庭的情况,故C项"公布的数据"正确。
4.考查主旨大意。根据全文中心句"With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation, more families are choosing to live together"可知,本文主要介绍了近年来英国人选择几世同堂的趋势在上升,故选D。
C.答案：1-4.DDAC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的内容"《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究表明,我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量,而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食"可知,最近的研究主要与饮食行为有关,故D项正确。
2.考查词义猜测。根据第一段第二句"And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid"可知,研究表明,与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反,你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据"contrary to"可知,画线词与heavier people含义相反,故D项正确。
3.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments"可知,为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验;再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知,聘用演员参加实验旨在看演员对参加实验的人的饮食习惯的影响,故A项正确。
4.考查推理判断。根据尾段中的"If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I... because I see the results of his eating habits"可知,如果这个同伴打算吃得更多,我也会吃得更多;但是,我们将调整影响。如果一个超重的人吃了很多,我会稍微保留一点,因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。据此可以推知,我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的,故C项正确。
D.答案：1-4BABD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,人类习惯生活在有光的环境中,是昼行生物,故选B项。
2.代词指代题。联系上文中的"what we've done to the night"可知,it指代的是"the night",故选A项。
3.推理判断题。联系第四、五段的内容可知,作者列举鸟类和青蛙的例子是为了说明光污染给动物带去了危害,故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being"可知, 光污染让人类忘记了自己在宇宙中的位置,因此人类应该反省自己,审视自己的位置,故选D项。
第二节
答案：DEFCG
解析：①根据上文可知,你最好的朋友的孩子不用告诉就知道做家务。你表姐一岁的孩子知道喝完牛奶后把她的瓶子放在水槽里。空格后讲了养一个会做三明治的有帮助的好孩子不是幻想。下面的提示可以让你有更好的机会培养一个负责任的孩子,然后成长为一个负责任的成年人。D项“那么这些完美的小孩都是从哪来的 ”紧密联系上下文,符合题意。
②根据本段后面的内容可知,青少年不会突然变得有责任感,也不要期望他知道如何坚持到底。他需要时间去实践,完全理解责任的含义。E项“早点儿开始教会孩子有责任感”能够概括整段内容,可以作本段的主旨句。
③根据本段第一句“Let kids help you.”可知本段的主题是让孩子帮助你,F项“当你的孩子被邀请加入时,他会觉得自己有价值” 与主题紧密联系,符合题意。
④根据下文“You can show how to complete small tasks in daily life and perform them at a child's skill level. For example, if your kid wants a snack, show him where the apples are and how to wash one off.”可知,你可以在孩子的技能水平上向他们展示如何在日常生活中完成小任务。例如,你的孩子想要零食,那就先告诉他苹果放在哪并且怎样清洗。C项“教会孩子怎样表现得有责任感”能够概括整段内容,可以作本段的主旨句。
⑤本段主要讲的是“Teach your child consequences.”,即教会你的孩子考虑后果。文章举了一个例子,让你的儿子在一个艺术项目后清理干净,告诉他,如果他离开凌乱的桌子,第二天他将不能再玩蜡笔了。G项“如果他没有履行他的责任,那就拿走他的东西”是对该事例的一个总结,符合题意。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5.BBACC; 6-10.ACDBC; 11-15.BADDB
解析：1.Usov说,五年前的一个晚上他只是(simply)让Sasha在外面玩,结果却发现Sasha消失了。
2.根据空后内容可推知,此处应表示Usov曾预想过最糟糕的结果,即他可能已经失去Sasha了。
3.在扫描(scanning)了Sasha的微芯片后,圣菲动物收容所的工作人员发现Sasha的主人住在如此遥远的地方,他们对此感到震惊。
4.参见上题解析。
5.根据下文故事的发展可知,圣菲动物收容所的工作人员成功地与Usov取得了联系。manage to do sth.表示"设法做成某事"。
6.根据第一段中的"Viktor Usov has just been reunited with his cat Sasha"并结合语境可知,Usov确认那就是他丢失的猫。
7.v根据上文中的"get in contact with Usov"可知,此处表示Usov接到来自动物收容所的电话。
8.根据语境并结合选项可知,Usov得知Sasha的消息时并没有感到非常惊讶,因为他知道这只猫喜欢冒险(adventure)。
9.根据第二段中的"Last week, however, Sasha was taken in as a healthy pet in Santa Fe, New Mexico"以及第三段中.的"back earlier this week"可知,上周他的猫被发现在圣菲市,这周他的猫就回来和他团聚了,这中间只有几天的时间,故选B。
10.结合语境可知,此处表示Usov说他会在Sasha回来后更好地照顾它。
11.根据下文中的"We were honored... a spokesperson for American Airlines told the shelter"可知,Sasha 是被空运回波特兰的。
12.美国航空公司的发言人说,他们的职责(duty)是在生命的旅程中照顾人们,并将他们与所爱的人联系起来。
13.美国航空公司的发言人说他们为能够帮Sasha回家而感到荣幸。be in a position to do sth.表示"能够做某事"。
14.收容所的Murad Kirdar希望Sasha的故事能够极大地鼓励其他宠物主人为他们的宠物植入微芯片。encouragement意为"起激励作用的事物"。
15.根据下文中的"By doing so their hairy friends could always make their way home"可知,微芯片是一种有效的辨别身份的方式。
第二节
答案：①had witnessed ②a ③who ④scientists ⑤preserving ⑥Before ⑦it ⑧original ⑨more ⑩to learn
解析：①考查动词的时态。句意: 大约公元一世纪末, 一位名叫普林尼的罗马作家写了自己年轻时目睹的一次可怕的火山爆发。根据对句子结构的分析可知, 设空处作从句的谓语。因为动词witness发生在动词wrote之前, 所以要用过去完成时。故填had witnessed。
②考查冠词。此处是指那场悲剧给普林尼留下了深刻的印象。短语leave a deep impression on sb. 表示"给某人留下深刻的印象"。故填a。
③考查关系代词。句意: 那场悲剧给普林尼留下了深刻的印象, 在那场火山爆发中, 他失去了一个叔叔。根据对句子结构的分析可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是Pliny, 关系词指代人且在定语从句中作主语, 所以要用关系代词who。
④考查名词的复数。由语境可知, 此处表示"科学家", 且结合设空处前的some可知, 此处应用名词的复数形式。故填scientists。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意: 庞贝就像一个"时间胶囊", 保存着历史上一个冻结的时刻。preserve与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 所以应用v.-ing的形式。故填preserving。
⑥考查连词。句意: 在火山爆发之前, 它是一座繁荣的罗马城市, 这里有寺庙、市场、餐馆和剧院。根据句意可知应填Before。
⑦考查代词。设空处作主语, 要用人称代词it指代前面的名词Pompeii, 故填it。
⑧考查形容词。句意: 现在你可以沿着这座城市原来的街道漫步来参观这些建筑物。根据对句子结构的分析可知, 设空处应用形容词来修饰后面的名词streets。origin的形容词是original, 表示"原来的, 最初的", 符合语境。
⑨考查比较级。根据空后的than可知, 这里要用many的比较级more, 短语more than表示"多于, 超出"。
⑩考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知, 此处表示目的, 要用动词不定式to learn, 这里表示"为了了解"之意。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Tom,
How is everything going Learning that you are interested in Chinese summer vacation, I am delighted to share some information with you.
For Chinese students, the summer vacation usually lasts for more than 1 month, during which time students’ activities can be various, ranging from academic improvement to hobby cultivation. Some may be occupied with after-school classes so as to enrich themselves mentally; some may take up more sports to keep physically fit; others may join their friends so that they could get entertained together.
As for me, this summer vacation is the most unforgettable. Short though it was, I spent a fulfilling and rewarding one. The highlight was my voluntary experience in the nursing home, where I had a good chat with the elderly and listened to their life stories. By practicing the voluntary spirit, not only have I gained a better knowledge of the senior citizens but I also have done my bit for the society.
Hopefully, my information can be of help. If you have any doubt, do feel free to ask me.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Seeing what was going on, my dad seemed to have an idea. My dad put his hand in his pocket, pulled out a $ 20 bill and dropped it on the ground. Then he picked it up and tapped the man on the shoulder and said, "Excuse me, sir, this fell out of your pocket." The man turned around and saw the money. He knew what was going on, he looked straight into my dad's eyes, took my dad's hand in both of his, holding the $20 bill, and with his lips shaking, a tear running down his cheek, he replied, "Thank you, thank you, sir. This really means a lot to me and my family."
Paragraph 2:
That day my father and I went back to our car. When I asked Dad why he did so, Dad said, "My child, it was a desperate, heartbreaking and embarrassing situation for a father. Surely he wasn't begging for a handout, but he reminded me of my father, when I was young." He paused for a while, as if wandering in his memory. "We should appreciate what we have obtained from life and seize every opportunity to help others. We didn't go to the circus tonight, but we didn't go without."