外研版（2019）选择性必修二：Unit5 A delicate world 能力单元测试卷（含解析）
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外研版（2019）选择性必修二：Unit5 A delicate world 能力单元测试卷
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
第1节 （共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In the last 50 years, sea surface temperatures around Antarctica have risen by 1—2°C, which is more than twice the global average.
Loss of species
Global warming could basically change the ecosystem, leading to the loss of some species. Sharks are going to arrive in Antarctica as long as the warming trend continues, a bit more slowly than crabs—crabs are going to get there first, but once they do get there they are able to eat the organisms that live there.
Professor Wilga said the arrival of sharks and shell-crushing bony fishes would lead to great changes in the number and proportions (比例)of species found there.
Shrimp, ribbon worms and brittle stars are likely to be the most attackable to population declines. Animals living in shallow waters in Antarctica are unique on Earth today because they evolved (进化) in a very cold environment over tens of millions of years.
Extreme conditions
In the course of a process we call Antarctic cooling that started about 40 million years ago, all major seafloor predators such as sharks and crabs went extinct in Antarctica because they were not able to deal with these extreme conditions.
However, today global warming is removing barriers to invasions and we've seen recently that crabs, especially king crabs, are on the doorstep of Antarctica—they can potentially re-invade the shallow waters if warming continues.
Urgent local and global actions are needed to protect this last environment and measures are needed to stop alien species being brought in through ships.
Strange creatures
Animals that live on the seafloor of Antarctica are some of the strangest creatures on Earth. The extreme cold and darkness has presented huge challenges to marine life over the passage of time, leading to the evolution of fish equipped with anti-freeze proteins in their blood.
1. How will these alien species affect the ecosystem in Antarctica
A. They will change the extremely cold conditions in Antarctica.
B. They will change the numbers and proportions of species in Antarctica.
C. The sea surface temperature of Antarctica will rise more quickly.
D. The number of shrimp and ribbon worms will increase in Antarctica.
2. How does the author feel about the alien species' invasion to Antarctica
A. Worried.
B. Doubtful.
C. Satisfied.
D. Excited.
3. Which is the best title of this passage
A. Creatures in Antarctica Are Unique
B. The Extreme Conditions in Antarctica
C. Alien Species Are Not Found in Antarctica
D. Alien Species May Change Antarctic Ecosystem
B
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing," she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, "it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive." Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coining decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. "It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change," Dutkiewicz said, "but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet."
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2. What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial. C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
3. What can we learn from the passage
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
C
It is true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There is also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2012 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that, "The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity."
You may not believe that humans could change the planet's climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.
Of course, the earth's climate has always been changing due to "natural" factors(因素) such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth's going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere—not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it, "If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why aren't carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be "
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths—one with human influence and one without That obviously isn't possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
1. In most scientists' opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by _____.
A. solar activities B. volcanic activities C. natural factors D. human factors
2. The passage is developed by_____.
A. giving typical examples B. following the order of space
C. analyzing a theory and arguing it D. comparing and finding differences
3. We can reasonably know from the passage that _____.
A. "natural" factors also contribute to changes of earth's climate
B. greenhouse gases also have some benefits to the earth
C. there is another planet that is exactly the same as the earth
D. increasing temperature can not be proved with 100% certainty
4. Which of the following can be the best title
A. Are All the Scientists Really Scientific
B. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to
C. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming
D. What's Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases
D
If you've been paying attention, you know that corvids (crows, rooks and ravens) are remarkably intelligent birds. Now these feathered geniuses have been given a job: six rooks have been trained to pick up rubbish in the Puy du Fou historical theme park in western France.
Whenever Boubou, Bamboo, Bill, Black, Bricole and Baco place a cigarette butt or other small pieces of trash in a special container, it offers a treat-rewarding for their efforts. The idea came from one of the park's falconers(养鹰人), Christophc Gaborit. As part of the falconry show, crows had already been trained to pick up roses and bring them to a princess, so in the 2000s, Gaborit raised and trained two rooks to do the same with rubbish.
The training system is similar to experimental programs for testing corvids' intelligence, in which a vending machine distributes a food reward when a crow correctly performs a task. Earlier this year, a type of vending machine was used to teach crows how to tear paper into a specific shape. And 10 years ago, "hacker" Josh Klein built a similar vending machine to reward crows for getting back lost money. So we know the concept works.
The rooks arc employed for the first time over the weekend, and they'll be working four days aweek under close watch-not for the birds, but to make sure the humans don't deliberately drop rubbish to watch the birds clean it up. That's because the aim of the rook garbage collectors isn't only to collect garbage-it's also to get park-goers to think before they litter. "OK, the birds are able to do something that we are much more able to do than them, so we should do this by ourselves," park president Nicolas de Villiers told NPR. "It's a funny way to show the people that you cannot throw papers everywhere."
1. Who is the trainer of the rooks to pick up garbage
A. Nicolas de Villiers. B. Josh Klein. C. Christophe Gaborit. D. Puy du Fou
2. Why will the rooks work under close watch
A. To make sure the rooks' safety.
B. To prevent the rooks flying away.
C. To avoid being disturbed purposely by humans.
D. To watch the rooks doing the right thing.
3. What does the employment of the rooks really intend to do
A. To make money through the rooks. B. To pick up roses for a princess.
C. To give performances in the park. D. To get humans inspired.
4. What is the main idea of the text
A. Rooks are employed to pick up rubbish in a France park.
B. Puy du Fou historical theme park offers the falconry show.
C. Waste pollution has become a world-wide problem.
D. People arc called on to focus on the protection of the birds.
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you want to give your child the best start in life Helping him to become a good, confident reader is one of the most valuable things you can do. These simple little things below take up your little time. ① _____
●Let your kid "catch" you reading. Buy a mystery novel or a fashion magazine the next time you're at the grocery store. Maybe you guess it. ②_____
●Ask your child about what he's reading at school and at home. ③_____. So care about your child and get your child to talk about what his class is reading. If time is short, you can even do this on the drive home from school or while you're getting dinner ready.
●There are words all around. Point them out! ④_____. They're also on menus and the backs of boxes. Point them out to your child. Ask him if he can read a word you've both just seen, and if he doesn't know what it means, make a point of looking it up in a dictionary when you get home.
●⑤_____ This trick works for kids of almost any age. For the youngest kids, hearing a bedtime story makes them realize that books have words, and those words tell them many things. Older children can sit next to you and read along. Kids who are reading on their own might even want to read a story to you.
A.Turn bedtime into "story time".
B.But they can help develop your child into a good reader and writer.
C.Move your child into reading independently.
D.Words are on subway signs and the sides of buses.
E.That just lets your kid see you reading and enjoying it.
F.Most kids love to talk when their parents are paying much attention.
G.However, they can make a big difference if your child is struggling to learn to read.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
The Power of Kindness
Leo Kellner loves helping people in the sweetest way possible一by baking them cakes and pies. The old man from Hastings, Nebraska, 1 his wife in 2012. They had been together for 72 years.
Since his wife passed away, Kellner took up 2 as a way to give back to the community. "I didn't know what to do with myself," Kellner said. "I was 3 all the time, and I thought I'd better do something that could make me get out of the 4 and be good to the community as well, and that's how it started."
That first year, Kellner made 144 pies for people in need. He contacted community organizations to let them know he'd like to connect with families having a 5 time. Kellner then started reaching out to those families, getting to know them, and baking some lovely cakes and pies during their time of need.
What he did made him widely known around the communities. And whenever people met him, they showed their 6 to him.
"I regard everybody as a 7 一I love everybody even people that gave me an unpleasant time when things were going hard for me," Kellner said.
Born in 1918, Kellner lived through the Great Depression, when his family lost their farm. Kellner had to move from state to state as a teenager looking for possible 8 on farms to make a living. "I knew what it was to be 9 , and a lot of times we just had vegetables and flour mixed up together," he said. "So as long as I can do it, I will lend a helping hand."
And Kellner's made quite an influence. "I've got friends from all over," he said. "I've got thank-you cards from Alaska". Through his baking, Kellner has helped the 10 a lot.
11 is powerful. Children begin to learn to cook so they can spread 12 just as he does. Kellner believes that this interest just might be the secret to a long and 13 life.
Life constantly presents us with opportunities to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a 14 . And the wonderful thing is that as we do, it changes things for the better for us too. Kindness is also a kind of noble cycle. It is twice blessed: it blesses him who 15 , and him who receives.
1.A.married B.left C.lost D.abandoned
2.A.teaching B.trading C.acting D.baking
3.A.changing B.crying C.wandering D.complaining
4.A.danger B.difficulty C.sadness D.anxiety
5.A.peaceful B.hard C.boring D.relaxing
6.A.expectation B.address C.mercy D.respect
7.A.friend B.student C.partner D.neighbor
8.A.relatives B.schools C.work D.fortune
9.A.famous B.poor C.popular D.lonely
10.A.farm B.country C.organization D.community
11.A.Appearance B.Confidence C.Encouragement D.Kindness
12.A.news B.idea C.love D.knowledge
13.A.happy B.noisy C.crazy D.busy
14.A.deal B.wish C.career D.difference
15.A.deserves B.waits C.gives D.qualifies
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ①_____ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ②_____ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods ③_____ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ④_____ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ⑤_____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ⑥_____ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ⑦_____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements， leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ⑧_____ (high) than they actually are. Of ⑨_____ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining, six ⑩_____ (be)stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
第1节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华,你校最近正在选拔2021年中美青年大使线上交流项目的志愿者,帮助美国青年使者更好地了解中国历史文化。请写一封电子邮件申请参加该项目。内容包括:
1. 写信意图;
2. 介绍自己的优势;
3. 希望获准。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:
中美青年大使线上交流项目 Sino-American Youth Ambassadors Online Program
Dear Sir or Madam,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第2节 （满分25分）
阅读下列材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One Saturday morning, Jeremy woke up to a quiet house. Usually Mom was awake making breakfast and cleaning the kitchen, but not today. At the sound of his mom coughing, Jeremy knocked on her bedroom door and asked with great concern, “Mom, are you ok ” “Honey,” Mom said weakly. “I have a terrible cold. You can have cereal (燕麦) for breakfast and watch cartoons. I’m going to stay in bed.”
Jeremy poured some cereal into a bowl and ate the pieces dry. Mom must feel very bad if she was staying in bed all day. How could Jeremy help First, he wiped up the crumbs of cereal he left on the kitchen counter. He also put away the cereal box neatly, so the kitchen looked just as it did when he woke up. But what else could he do Jeremy thought. Saturday was the day when mom did laundry.
Jeremy loved to watch the clothes spinning in the machine. That should be fun! He ran to his room to get the laundry basket, inside which there was his mother’s favorite white dress, among other clothes and a pair of red socks. Jeremy opened the door to the washer and put the clothing inside. He had watched Mom do laundry lots of times, so he knew where to find the washing powder and how to pour it into the machine. Finally, he closed the door and pressed the big button that said “START.”
Jeremy looked through the round glass window. Water was pouring in, and the machine was starting to spin, making his clothing tumble around. That was easy! Jeremy watched cartoons until he heard the washing machine beep. That meant the washing was done. Jeremy opened the door to take out the damp clothes. He took out a few at a time and moved them into the dryer. Everything seemed clean, and Jeremy felt proud. Then he pulled out a pink dress.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But he remembered there was no pink dress in the laundry basket.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Holding the neatly folded pink dress, Jeremy nervously knocked at his mom’s bedroom door again.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3BAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据“Loss of species”部分中的第二段可知,鲨鱼和甲壳类硬骨鱼的到来将导致南极洲的物种数量和比例发生巨大变化。故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,需要采取紧急的地方和全球性措施来保护南极洲的环境。由全文中作者介绍和议论外来物种侵入南极洲生态的后果可推知,作者对此感到担忧。故选A项。
3.标题归纳题。文章通篇都是讲述外来物种入侵给南极洲带去的后果,故D选项“外来物种可能改变南极洲的生态系统”适合做文章标题。故选D项。
B.答案：1-4BADC
解析：1.段落大意题。第一段主要说明了,到本世纪末,由于气候变暖,世界上的海洋可能会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段主要说明了,一种叫作浮游植物的海洋微生物,在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。由此可推断,这两段主要叙述了海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B项符合题意,故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第三段第四句可知,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断"But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend."说明,浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A项。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句可知, Dutkiewicz的模型预测,在一些水域,比如北极的水域,气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,而这些水域会变得更绿。由此可推断,浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,浮游植物会更多,其所生存的水域会变得更绿。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全篇可知“warming”一词贯穿全文,故本文的写作目的在于解释气候变化对海洋的影响。 故选C项。
C.答案：1-4DCAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和最后一句可知,人类因素是气候变暖的主要原因。故选D项。
2.篇章结构题。纵观全文,第一段提出人类活动因素是全球气候变暖的主要原因。接着分析讨论为什么说人类活动可以导致气候变暖。文章按照先分析理论再论证的方式行文。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推断出A项。 B和C找不到相应信息点;根据文章首句和文章最后一段可知D项也不符合。地球变暖是早已经被证实的,不能完全证实的是全球变暖是否是因为人类的活动。故选A项。
4.标题归纳题。文章开始提出人类活动因素导致了全球气候变暖,然后分析讨论为什么人类活动会导致全球气候变暖。文章通篇都贯穿“人类的活动”。C项“的确是人类造成了全球气候变暖吗 ”适合做文章标题。故选C项。
D.答案：1-4CCDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知, Gaborit 饲养和训练了两只乌鸦来处理垃圾。所以是Christophe Gaborit来训练乌鸦捡垃圾。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知,让乌鸦在密切的监视下工作是为了确保人类不会故意扔垃圾来观察鸟清理垃圾,即为了避免被人类故意打扰。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知,让乌鸦捡垃圾的目的不仅仅在于捡垃圾,它还能让去公园的人在扔垃圾前三思,即让人类得到启示。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句可知,文章讲述的是在法国的一个公园里,人们雇用乌鸦来捡垃圾。故选A项。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ GEFDA
解析：①根据本空前一句可知，这些小事会占据一点时间。G项"然而，如果你的孩子正在努力学习阅读，这些简单的小事会产生很大的影响"，承接上文，符合语境。故正确答案为G。
②根据本段第一句可知，家长有必要让孩子看到自己在读书。E项"那样做会让你的孩子看到你在阅读并享受阅读"，承接上文，符合语境。故正确答案为E。
③本空后一句"因此关心你的孩子并且让你的孩子谈论他们班正在读什么"与F项"父母更加集中注意力时，大多数孩子乐意讲话"衔接紧密。故正确答案为F。
④根据本段第一句可知，本段的内容与单词有关。再根据本空后一句可知，菜单和盒子的背面也有单词"。D项"地铁标志和公共汽车的侧面都写着单词"，承接上文，引出下文，符合语境。故正确答案为D。
⑤根据本段第三句可知，对于最小的孩子来说，睡前听一个故事能让他们意识到书中有文字，而那些文字能告诉他们很多事情。即本段的内容与睡前讲故事有关。A项"把睡觉时间变成'故事时间' "，引出下文，符合语境。故正确答案为A。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CDBCB 6-10 DACBD 11-15DCADC
解析：1.考查动词辨析。此处表示"这位来自Hastings的老人在2012年失去了他的妻子"。A.嫁, 娶; B.离开; C.失去; D.抛弃。根据下文中的passed away(去世)可知, 老人的妻子去世了, 所以他失去了妻子。故选C。
2.考查动名词辨析。句意: 自从他的妻子去世, Kellner就开始把烘焙食品当作是回报社区的方法。A.教书; B.贸易; C.表演; D.烘焙。根据第一段第一句"Leo Kellner loves helping people in the sweetest way possible—by baking them cakes and pies." 可知设空处应该用baking。故选D。
3.考查动词辨析。此处表示"我总是在哭, 我想我最好做些事情来让自己走出悲伤"。A.改变; B.哭; C.游荡; D.抱怨。 根据常识可知, 亲人去世是使人伤心的事, 对于年事已高的老人来说更是如此。此处用crying符合语境。故选B。
4.考查名词辨析。此处表示"做一些事情让我走出悲伤, 并且对社区有益"。A.危险; B.困难; C.悲伤; D.焦虑。根据上文可知, 妻子的去世让老人很悲伤。故选C。
5.考查形容词辨析。A.和平的; B.困难的; C.无聊的; D.令人放松的。根据本段最后一句中"baking some lovely cakes and pies during their time of need(在他们有需要的时候为他们做可爱的蛋糕和果馅派)"可知, 老人帮助的是生活艰辛的家庭。故选B。
6.考查名词辨析。此处表示"他所做的事情让他在社区变得很出名。无论何时人们遇到他,都会向他表达敬意"。 A.期待; B.称呼; C.同情; D.尊重。根据上下文可知, 老人帮助别人, 所以得到了大家的尊重。故选D。
7.考查名词辨析。此处表示"我把每个人都当作是朋友"。A.朋友; B.学生; C.搭档; D.邻居。根据上下文可知, 老人是善良的人, 所以把周围的人都当作朋友。故选A。
8.考查名词辨析。A.亲戚; B.学校; C.工作; D.财富, 运气。 根据常识及后面的make a living可知, 想要在那个特殊时期谋生, 就不得不找工作。故选C。
9.考查形容词辨析。句意: 我明白穷是什么样的, 很多时候我们都只能把蔬菜和面粉混合在一起(吃)…… A.著名的; B.穷的; C.流行的; D.孤独的。根据上文可知, 在大萧条时期他们失去了自己的农场, 当时还是孩子的Kellner也不得不出去工作, 说明生活很拮据。故选B。
10.考查名词辨析。句意: 通过他的烘焙, Kellner已经为这个社区带来了很多帮助。A.农场; B.国家; C.组织; D.社区。 根据上文可知, Kellner主要帮助社区里有困难的人。故选D。
11.考查名词辨析。句意: 善良是有力量的。A.外貌; B.信心; C.鼓励; D.善良。根据下文可知, Kellner的善心已经给孩子们带来影响, 故选D。
12.考查名词辨析。此处表示"他们可以像他一样把爱传播"。A.新闻; B.主意; C.爱; D.知识。根据上下文可知, 孩子们学做食物的主要目的是帮助他人, 而帮助他人就是对他人的爱和关心。故选C。
13.考查形容词辨析。A.幸福的; B.吵闹的; C.疯狂的; D.繁忙的。根据上下文可知, 老人非常愿意帮助他人, 而且乐在其中。且本文从头到尾都在讲帮助他人的积极影响, 所以此处应该选择一个符合上下文语境的词。故选A。
14.考查名词辨析。句意: 生活总是会给我们机会多走一步, 或者做能有影响的善举。A.待遇, 协议; B.愿望; C.职业; D.影响。make a difference(有影响, 起作用)为固定短语。故选D。
15.考查动词辨析。句意: ……它祝福给予帮助的人, 也祝福受到帮助的人。A.值得; B.等待; C.给; D.合格。根据句意可知, 此处应该选择一个和receive相对的词。故选C。
第二节
答案：①that; ②poorly; ③of/for; ④to perform; ⑤have reported; ⑥belief; ⑦noting; ⑧higher; ⑨the; ⑩are
解析：①考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
②考查副词。根据句意和分析结构可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词“has been studied”， poorly意为 “不好地”。故填poorly。
③考查介词。method of/for doing sth.意为 “做……的方法”,为固定结构。故填of/for。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:追踪北极熊数量的现代方法从二十世纪八十年代中期才开始被使用,并且在如此大区域内持续使用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式做原因或目的状语。故填to perform。
⑤考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语“In recent years”可知,主句用现在完成时,主语some Inuit people为复数意义,故填have reported。
⑥考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处用名词形式,故填belief。
⑦考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词“by”可知, 此处用动名词做宾语,故填noting。
⑧考查形容词比较级。根据其后“ than they actually are”可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
⑨考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已识别的十九个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
⑩考查时态和主谓一致。根据"three are declining"可知此处要用复数谓语,时态为一般现在时,故填 are。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a Senior Two student. I have read your advertisement for volunteers of the Sino-American Youth Ambassadors Online Program. I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for this activity.
I consider myself a qualified candidate for the several reasons. First of all, a good command of English will make it possible for me to communicate with foreign members fluently. Besides, I'm an outgoing person and have rich experience in voluntary jobs, which can help get along well with American friends in the program.
I would appreciate it if you could consider my application and accept me as a member of the program. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
But he remembered there was no pink dress in the laundry basket. “Where did it come from ” Jeremy wondered, reaching into the washer to take out more clothes. Then much to his astonishment, he pulled out two T-shirts, both in light pink. Realizing there was something wrong, Jeremy stood frozen, his heart sinking. While racking his brain for reasons, he caught sight of the red socks, and it suddenly occurred to him that they must be to blame for the accident. With no means of handling the situation, Jeremy was in such a panic that he even thought of hiding the dress from his mom. “That isn’t a positive approach to the problem,” he reminded himself. Finally, he decided to dry and fold the laundry before telling his mom everything.
Holding the neatly folded pink dress, Jeremy nervously knocked at his mom’s bedroom door again. After what seemed like ages, he came to the bedside, his head drooping. Sensing his son’s unease, his mother inquired with concern what was wrong. “Sorry mom, I shouldn’t have ruined your favorite dress.” Jeremy apologized. Stuttering out the mistake he had made, he was ready to get a good scolding for his wrongdoing. Realizing what’s going on, mom smiled understandingly at Jeremy, “Never mind, dear. I know you meant to help.” Then mom held the dress up before her and said in an approving tone, “You know what I think it looks nice.” At this Jeremy beamed with relief, making a silent vow to be more careful in helping his mom out next time.
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
第1节 （共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In the last 50 years, sea surface temperatures around Antarctica have risen by 1—2°C, which is more than twice the global average.
Loss of species
Global warming could basically change the ecosystem, leading to the loss of some species. Sharks are going to arrive in Antarctica as long as the warming trend continues, a bit more slowly than crabs—crabs are going to get there first, but once they do get there they are able to eat the organisms that live there.
Professor Wilga said the arrival of sharks and shell-crushing bony fishes would lead to great changes in the number and proportions (比例)of species found there.
Shrimp, ribbon worms and brittle stars are likely to be the most attackable to population declines. Animals living in shallow waters in Antarctica are unique on Earth today because they evolved (进化) in a very cold environment over tens of millions of years.
Extreme conditions
In the course of a process we call Antarctic cooling that started about 40 million years ago, all major seafloor predators such as sharks and crabs went extinct in Antarctica because they were not able to deal with these extreme conditions.
However, today global warming is removing barriers to invasions and we've seen recently that crabs, especially king crabs, are on the doorstep of Antarctica—they can potentially re-invade the shallow waters if warming continues.
Urgent local and global actions are needed to protect this last environment and measures are needed to stop alien species being brought in through ships.
Strange creatures
Animals that live on the seafloor of Antarctica are some of the strangest creatures on Earth. The extreme cold and darkness has presented huge challenges to marine life over the passage of time, leading to the evolution of fish equipped with anti-freeze proteins in their blood.
1. How will these alien species affect the ecosystem in Antarctica
A. They will change the extremely cold conditions in Antarctica.
B. They will change the numbers and proportions of species in Antarctica.
C. The sea surface temperature of Antarctica will rise more quickly.
D. The number of shrimp and ribbon worms will increase in Antarctica.
2. How does the author feel about the alien species' invasion to Antarctica
A. Worried.
B. Doubtful.
C. Satisfied.
D. Excited.
3. Which is the best title of this passage
A. Creatures in Antarctica Are Unique
B. The Extreme Conditions in Antarctica
C. Alien Species Are Not Found in Antarctica
D. Alien Species May Change Antarctic Ecosystem
B
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing," she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, "it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive." Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coining decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. "It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change," Dutkiewicz said, "but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet."
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2. What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial. C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
3. What can we learn from the passage
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
C
It is true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There is also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2012 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that, "The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity."
You may not believe that humans could change the planet's climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.
Of course, the earth's climate has always been changing due to "natural" factors(因素) such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth's going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere—not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it, "If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why aren't carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be "
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths—one with human influence and one without That obviously isn't possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
1. In most scientists' opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by _____.
A. solar activities B. volcanic activities C. natural factors D. human factors
2. The passage is developed by_____.
A. giving typical examples B. following the order of space
C. analyzing a theory and arguing it D. comparing and finding differences
3. We can reasonably know from the passage that _____.
A. "natural" factors also contribute to changes of earth's climate
B. greenhouse gases also have some benefits to the earth
C. there is another planet that is exactly the same as the earth
D. increasing temperature can not be proved with 100% certainty
4. Which of the following can be the best title
A. Are All the Scientists Really Scientific
B. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to
C. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming
D. What's Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases
D
If you've been paying attention, you know that corvids (crows, rooks and ravens) are remarkably intelligent birds. Now these feathered geniuses have been given a job: six rooks have been trained to pick up rubbish in the Puy du Fou historical theme park in western France.
Whenever Boubou, Bamboo, Bill, Black, Bricole and Baco place a cigarette butt or other small pieces of trash in a special container, it offers a treat-rewarding for their efforts. The idea came from one of the park's falconers(养鹰人), Christophc Gaborit. As part of the falconry show, crows had already been trained to pick up roses and bring them to a princess, so in the 2000s, Gaborit raised and trained two rooks to do the same with rubbish.
The training system is similar to experimental programs for testing corvids' intelligence, in which a vending machine distributes a food reward when a crow correctly performs a task. Earlier this year, a type of vending machine was used to teach crows how to tear paper into a specific shape. And 10 years ago, "hacker" Josh Klein built a similar vending machine to reward crows for getting back lost money. So we know the concept works.
The rooks arc employed for the first time over the weekend, and they'll be working four days aweek under close watch-not for the birds, but to make sure the humans don't deliberately drop rubbish to watch the birds clean it up. That's because the aim of the rook garbage collectors isn't only to collect garbage-it's also to get park-goers to think before they litter. "OK, the birds are able to do something that we are much more able to do than them, so we should do this by ourselves," park president Nicolas de Villiers told NPR. "It's a funny way to show the people that you cannot throw papers everywhere."
1. Who is the trainer of the rooks to pick up garbage
A. Nicolas de Villiers. B. Josh Klein. C. Christophe Gaborit. D. Puy du Fou
2. Why will the rooks work under close watch
A. To make sure the rooks' safety.
B. To prevent the rooks flying away.
C. To avoid being disturbed purposely by humans.
D. To watch the rooks doing the right thing.
3. What does the employment of the rooks really intend to do
A. To make money through the rooks. B. To pick up roses for a princess.
C. To give performances in the park. D. To get humans inspired.
4. What is the main idea of the text
A. Rooks are employed to pick up rubbish in a France park.
B. Puy du Fou historical theme park offers the falconry show.
C. Waste pollution has become a world-wide problem.
D. People arc called on to focus on the protection of the birds.
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you want to give your child the best start in life Helping him to become a good, confident reader is one of the most valuable things you can do. These simple little things below take up your little time. ① _____
●Let your kid "catch" you reading. Buy a mystery novel or a fashion magazine the next time you're at the grocery store. Maybe you guess it. ②_____
●Ask your child about what he's reading at school and at home. ③_____. So care about your child and get your child to talk about what his class is reading. If time is short, you can even do this on the drive home from school or while you're getting dinner ready.
●There are words all around. Point them out! ④_____. They're also on menus and the backs of boxes. Point them out to your child. Ask him if he can read a word you've both just seen, and if he doesn't know what it means, make a point of looking it up in a dictionary when you get home.
●⑤_____ This trick works for kids of almost any age. For the youngest kids, hearing a bedtime story makes them realize that books have words, and those words tell them many things. Older children can sit next to you and read along. Kids who are reading on their own might even want to read a story to you.
A.Turn bedtime into "story time".
B.But they can help develop your child into a good reader and writer.
C.Move your child into reading independently.
D.Words are on subway signs and the sides of buses.
E.That just lets your kid see you reading and enjoying it.
F.Most kids love to talk when their parents are paying much attention.
G.However, they can make a big difference if your child is struggling to learn to read.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
The Power of Kindness
Leo Kellner loves helping people in the sweetest way possible一by baking them cakes and pies. The old man from Hastings, Nebraska, 1 his wife in 2012. They had been together for 72 years.
Since his wife passed away, Kellner took up 2 as a way to give back to the community. "I didn't know what to do with myself," Kellner said. "I was 3 all the time, and I thought I'd better do something that could make me get out of the 4 and be good to the community as well, and that's how it started."
That first year, Kellner made 144 pies for people in need. He contacted community organizations to let them know he'd like to connect with families having a 5 time. Kellner then started reaching out to those families, getting to know them, and baking some lovely cakes and pies during their time of need.
What he did made him widely known around the communities. And whenever people met him, they showed their 6 to him.
"I regard everybody as a 7 一I love everybody even people that gave me an unpleasant time when things were going hard for me," Kellner said.
Born in 1918, Kellner lived through the Great Depression, when his family lost their farm. Kellner had to move from state to state as a teenager looking for possible 8 on farms to make a living. "I knew what it was to be 9 , and a lot of times we just had vegetables and flour mixed up together," he said. "So as long as I can do it, I will lend a helping hand."
And Kellner's made quite an influence. "I've got friends from all over," he said. "I've got thank-you cards from Alaska". Through his baking, Kellner has helped the 10 a lot.
11 is powerful. Children begin to learn to cook so they can spread 12 just as he does. Kellner believes that this interest just might be the secret to a long and 13 life.
Life constantly presents us with opportunities to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a 14 . And the wonderful thing is that as we do, it changes things for the better for us too. Kindness is also a kind of noble cycle. It is twice blessed: it blesses him who 15 , and him who receives.
1.A.married B.left C.lost D.abandoned
2.A.teaching B.trading C.acting D.baking
3.A.changing B.crying C.wandering D.complaining
4.A.danger B.difficulty C.sadness D.anxiety
5.A.peaceful B.hard C.boring D.relaxing
6.A.expectation B.address C.mercy D.respect
7.A.friend B.student C.partner D.neighbor
8.A.relatives B.schools C.work D.fortune
9.A.famous B.poor C.popular D.lonely
10.A.farm B.country C.organization D.community
11.A.Appearance B.Confidence C.Encouragement D.Kindness
12.A.news B.idea C.love D.knowledge
13.A.happy B.noisy C.crazy D.busy
14.A.deal B.wish C.career D.difference
15.A.deserves B.waits C.gives D.qualifies
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ①_____ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ②_____ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods ③_____ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ④_____ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ⑤_____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ⑥_____ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ⑦_____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements， leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ⑧_____ (high) than they actually are. Of ⑨_____ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining, six ⑩_____ (be)stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
第1节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华,你校最近正在选拔2021年中美青年大使线上交流项目的志愿者,帮助美国青年使者更好地了解中国历史文化。请写一封电子邮件申请参加该项目。内容包括:
1. 写信意图;
2. 介绍自己的优势;
3. 希望获准。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:
中美青年大使线上交流项目 Sino-American Youth Ambassadors Online Program
Dear Sir or Madam,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第2节 （满分25分）
阅读下列材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One Saturday morning, Jeremy woke up to a quiet house. Usually Mom was awake making breakfast and cleaning the kitchen, but not today. At the sound of his mom coughing, Jeremy knocked on her bedroom door and asked with great concern, “Mom, are you ok ” “Honey,” Mom said weakly. “I have a terrible cold. You can have cereal (燕麦) for breakfast and watch cartoons. I’m going to stay in bed.”
Jeremy poured some cereal into a bowl and ate the pieces dry. Mom must feel very bad if she was staying in bed all day. How could Jeremy help First, he wiped up the crumbs of cereal he left on the kitchen counter. He also put away the cereal box neatly, so the kitchen looked just as it did when he woke up. But what else could he do Jeremy thought. Saturday was the day when mom did laundry.
Jeremy loved to watch the clothes spinning in the machine. That should be fun! He ran to his room to get the laundry basket, inside which there was his mother’s favorite white dress, among other clothes and a pair of red socks. Jeremy opened the door to the washer and put the clothing inside. He had watched Mom do laundry lots of times, so he knew where to find the washing powder and how to pour it into the machine. Finally, he closed the door and pressed the big button that said “START.”
Jeremy looked through the round glass window. Water was pouring in, and the machine was starting to spin, making his clothing tumble around. That was easy! Jeremy watched cartoons until he heard the washing machine beep. That meant the washing was done. Jeremy opened the door to take out the damp clothes. He took out a few at a time and moved them into the dryer. Everything seemed clean, and Jeremy felt proud. Then he pulled out a pink dress.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But he remembered there was no pink dress in the laundry basket.
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Holding the neatly folded pink dress, Jeremy nervously knocked at his mom’s bedroom door again.
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答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3BAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据“Loss of species”部分中的第二段可知,鲨鱼和甲壳类硬骨鱼的到来将导致南极洲的物种数量和比例发生巨大变化。故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,需要采取紧急的地方和全球性措施来保护南极洲的环境。由全文中作者介绍和议论外来物种侵入南极洲生态的后果可推知,作者对此感到担忧。故选A项。
3.标题归纳题。文章通篇都是讲述外来物种入侵给南极洲带去的后果,故D选项“外来物种可能改变南极洲的生态系统”适合做文章标题。故选D项。
B.答案：1-4BADC
解析：1.段落大意题。第一段主要说明了,到本世纪末,由于气候变暖,世界上的海洋可能会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段主要说明了,一种叫作浮游植物的海洋微生物,在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。由此可推断,这两段主要叙述了海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B项符合题意,故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第三段第四句可知,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断"But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend."说明,浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A项。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句可知, Dutkiewicz的模型预测,在一些水域,比如北极的水域,气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,而这些水域会变得更绿。由此可推断,浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,浮游植物会更多,其所生存的水域会变得更绿。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全篇可知“warming”一词贯穿全文,故本文的写作目的在于解释气候变化对海洋的影响。 故选C项。
C.答案：1-4DCAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和最后一句可知,人类因素是气候变暖的主要原因。故选D项。
2.篇章结构题。纵观全文,第一段提出人类活动因素是全球气候变暖的主要原因。接着分析讨论为什么说人类活动可以导致气候变暖。文章按照先分析理论再论证的方式行文。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推断出A项。 B和C找不到相应信息点;根据文章首句和文章最后一段可知D项也不符合。地球变暖是早已经被证实的,不能完全证实的是全球变暖是否是因为人类的活动。故选A项。
4.标题归纳题。文章开始提出人类活动因素导致了全球气候变暖,然后分析讨论为什么人类活动会导致全球气候变暖。文章通篇都贯穿“人类的活动”。C项“的确是人类造成了全球气候变暖吗 ”适合做文章标题。故选C项。
D.答案：1-4CCDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知, Gaborit 饲养和训练了两只乌鸦来处理垃圾。所以是Christophe Gaborit来训练乌鸦捡垃圾。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知,让乌鸦在密切的监视下工作是为了确保人类不会故意扔垃圾来观察鸟清理垃圾,即为了避免被人类故意打扰。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知,让乌鸦捡垃圾的目的不仅仅在于捡垃圾,它还能让去公园的人在扔垃圾前三思,即让人类得到启示。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句可知,文章讲述的是在法国的一个公园里,人们雇用乌鸦来捡垃圾。故选A项。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ GEFDA
解析：①根据本空前一句可知，这些小事会占据一点时间。G项"然而，如果你的孩子正在努力学习阅读，这些简单的小事会产生很大的影响"，承接上文，符合语境。故正确答案为G。
②根据本段第一句可知，家长有必要让孩子看到自己在读书。E项"那样做会让你的孩子看到你在阅读并享受阅读"，承接上文，符合语境。故正确答案为E。
③本空后一句"因此关心你的孩子并且让你的孩子谈论他们班正在读什么"与F项"父母更加集中注意力时，大多数孩子乐意讲话"衔接紧密。故正确答案为F。
④根据本段第一句可知，本段的内容与单词有关。再根据本空后一句可知，菜单和盒子的背面也有单词"。D项"地铁标志和公共汽车的侧面都写着单词"，承接上文，引出下文，符合语境。故正确答案为D。
⑤根据本段第三句可知，对于最小的孩子来说，睡前听一个故事能让他们意识到书中有文字，而那些文字能告诉他们很多事情。即本段的内容与睡前讲故事有关。A项"把睡觉时间变成'故事时间' "，引出下文，符合语境。故正确答案为A。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CDBCB 6-10 DACBD 11-15DCADC
解析：1.考查动词辨析。此处表示"这位来自Hastings的老人在2012年失去了他的妻子"。A.嫁, 娶; B.离开; C.失去; D.抛弃。根据下文中的passed away(去世)可知, 老人的妻子去世了, 所以他失去了妻子。故选C。
2.考查动名词辨析。句意: 自从他的妻子去世, Kellner就开始把烘焙食品当作是回报社区的方法。A.教书; B.贸易; C.表演; D.烘焙。根据第一段第一句"Leo Kellner loves helping people in the sweetest way possible—by baking them cakes and pies." 可知设空处应该用baking。故选D。
3.考查动词辨析。此处表示"我总是在哭, 我想我最好做些事情来让自己走出悲伤"。A.改变; B.哭; C.游荡; D.抱怨。 根据常识可知, 亲人去世是使人伤心的事, 对于年事已高的老人来说更是如此。此处用crying符合语境。故选B。
4.考查名词辨析。此处表示"做一些事情让我走出悲伤, 并且对社区有益"。A.危险; B.困难; C.悲伤; D.焦虑。根据上文可知, 妻子的去世让老人很悲伤。故选C。
5.考查形容词辨析。A.和平的; B.困难的; C.无聊的; D.令人放松的。根据本段最后一句中"baking some lovely cakes and pies during their time of need(在他们有需要的时候为他们做可爱的蛋糕和果馅派)"可知, 老人帮助的是生活艰辛的家庭。故选B。
6.考查名词辨析。此处表示"他所做的事情让他在社区变得很出名。无论何时人们遇到他,都会向他表达敬意"。 A.期待; B.称呼; C.同情; D.尊重。根据上下文可知, 老人帮助别人, 所以得到了大家的尊重。故选D。
7.考查名词辨析。此处表示"我把每个人都当作是朋友"。A.朋友; B.学生; C.搭档; D.邻居。根据上下文可知, 老人是善良的人, 所以把周围的人都当作朋友。故选A。
8.考查名词辨析。A.亲戚; B.学校; C.工作; D.财富, 运气。 根据常识及后面的make a living可知, 想要在那个特殊时期谋生, 就不得不找工作。故选C。
9.考查形容词辨析。句意: 我明白穷是什么样的, 很多时候我们都只能把蔬菜和面粉混合在一起(吃)…… A.著名的; B.穷的; C.流行的; D.孤独的。根据上文可知, 在大萧条时期他们失去了自己的农场, 当时还是孩子的Kellner也不得不出去工作, 说明生活很拮据。故选B。
10.考查名词辨析。句意: 通过他的烘焙, Kellner已经为这个社区带来了很多帮助。A.农场; B.国家; C.组织; D.社区。 根据上文可知, Kellner主要帮助社区里有困难的人。故选D。
11.考查名词辨析。句意: 善良是有力量的。A.外貌; B.信心; C.鼓励; D.善良。根据下文可知, Kellner的善心已经给孩子们带来影响, 故选D。
12.考查名词辨析。此处表示"他们可以像他一样把爱传播"。A.新闻; B.主意; C.爱; D.知识。根据上下文可知, 孩子们学做食物的主要目的是帮助他人, 而帮助他人就是对他人的爱和关心。故选C。
13.考查形容词辨析。A.幸福的; B.吵闹的; C.疯狂的; D.繁忙的。根据上下文可知, 老人非常愿意帮助他人, 而且乐在其中。且本文从头到尾都在讲帮助他人的积极影响, 所以此处应该选择一个符合上下文语境的词。故选A。
14.考查名词辨析。句意: 生活总是会给我们机会多走一步, 或者做能有影响的善举。A.待遇, 协议; B.愿望; C.职业; D.影响。make a difference(有影响, 起作用)为固定短语。故选D。
15.考查动词辨析。句意: ……它祝福给予帮助的人, 也祝福受到帮助的人。A.值得; B.等待; C.给; D.合格。根据句意可知, 此处应该选择一个和receive相对的词。故选C。
第二节
答案：①that; ②poorly; ③of/for; ④to perform; ⑤have reported; ⑥belief; ⑦noting; ⑧higher; ⑨the; ⑩are
解析：①考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
②考查副词。根据句意和分析结构可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词“has been studied”， poorly意为 “不好地”。故填poorly。
③考查介词。method of/for doing sth.意为 “做……的方法”,为固定结构。故填of/for。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:追踪北极熊数量的现代方法从二十世纪八十年代中期才开始被使用,并且在如此大区域内持续使用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式做原因或目的状语。故填to perform。
⑤考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语“In recent years”可知,主句用现在完成时,主语some Inuit people为复数意义,故填have reported。
⑥考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处用名词形式,故填belief。
⑦考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词“by”可知, 此处用动名词做宾语,故填noting。
⑧考查形容词比较级。根据其后“ than they actually are”可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
⑨考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已识别的十九个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
⑩考查时态和主谓一致。根据"three are declining"可知此处要用复数谓语,时态为一般现在时,故填 are。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a Senior Two student. I have read your advertisement for volunteers of the Sino-American Youth Ambassadors Online Program. I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for this activity.
I consider myself a qualified candidate for the several reasons. First of all, a good command of English will make it possible for me to communicate with foreign members fluently. Besides, I'm an outgoing person and have rich experience in voluntary jobs, which can help get along well with American friends in the program.
I would appreciate it if you could consider my application and accept me as a member of the program. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
But he remembered there was no pink dress in the laundry basket. “Where did it come from ” Jeremy wondered, reaching into the washer to take out more clothes. Then much to his astonishment, he pulled out two T-shirts, both in light pink. Realizing there was something wrong, Jeremy stood frozen, his heart sinking. While racking his brain for reasons, he caught sight of the red socks, and it suddenly occurred to him that they must be to blame for the accident. With no means of handling the situation, Jeremy was in such a panic that he even thought of hiding the dress from his mom. “That isn’t a positive approach to the problem,” he reminded himself. Finally, he decided to dry and fold the laundry before telling his mom everything.
Holding the neatly folded pink dress, Jeremy nervously knocked at his mom’s bedroom door again. After what seemed like ages, he came to the bedside, his head drooping. Sensing his son’s unease, his mother inquired with concern what was wrong. “Sorry mom, I shouldn’t have ruined your favorite dress.” Jeremy apologized. Stuttering out the mistake he had made, he was ready to get a good scolding for his wrongdoing. Realizing what’s going on, mom smiled understandingly at Jeremy, “Never mind, dear. I know you meant to help.” Then mom held the dress up before her and said in an approving tone, “You know what I think it looks nice.” At this Jeremy beamed with relief, making a silent vow to be more careful in helping his mom out next time.