外研版（2019）选择性必修二：Unit1 Growing Up 基础单元测试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修二：Unit1 Growing Up 基础单元测试卷（含解析） |  | |
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外研版（2019）选择性必修二：Unit1 Growing Up 基础单元测试卷
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a great number of rescheduling release dates(上映日期). Despite how the reality of the calendar develops, these are some films we're crossing our fingers that we will get to see this year.
Malcolm & Marie
Release date: February 5
Director: Sam Levinson
A director and his girlfriend's relationship is tested after they return home from his movie premiere(首映) and await critics' responses. The romantic drama is directed by Sam Levinson.
Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings
Release date: September 2
Director: Destin Daniel Cretton
It's about time for the Marvel Cinematic Universe to have its first Asian superhero on the silver screen. And there are few better heroes to pick than Shang-Chi, the Master of Kung Fu, who has the knowledge of nearly every martial art. This upcoming film will feature a 98% Asian cast.
West Side Story
Release date: December 10
Director: Steven Spielberg
Steven Spielberg's new adaptation of the famous Broadway musical of the same name, which itself was based on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, is finally seeing the light of day in late 2021.
The Matrix 4
Release date: December 22
Director: Lana Wachowski
Lana Wachowski is set to bring us another sci-fi action-adventure set in the digital world where she helped create a way back in 1999.
1.What type of film is Malcolm & Marie
A.Comedy. B.Fantasy. C.Romance. D.Sci-fi.
2.What do we know about Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings
A.It is Marvel Studio's upcoming superhero film. B.It stars Destin Daniel Cretton.
C.Its hero knows everything about martial arts. D.It is a film with an all-Asian cast.
3.Which of the following film is adapted from a musical
A.Malcolm & Marie. B.Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings.
C.West Side Story, D.The Matrix 4.
B
Josh Morrison, 17, dreamed of raising $100,000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work, his dream has come true. The house is now in the early stages of building.
Six years ago, Josh and his dad went into the Habitat for Humanity ReStore, a home improvement store and donation center run by the nonprofit organization. They were there to buy a sink. Josh, then 11, also noticed a collection of pennies. "I instantly felt the urge to help out with that," he said. Josh set a fund-raising deadline of four years. Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn't shake his faith. He devoted his time to raising money at his school and other nearby schools. He collected money from neighbours, got publicity from local newspapers, and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change.
Josh's fund-raising efforts began to produce results. Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $ 30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge, which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $ 19,000.
"I didn't care how long it took me," said Josh. "I would raise $100,000." With three weeks left, a company called Josh's house offered to donate $18,000. Eventually, Josh reached a total of $134,000 before the deadline. "The momentum just kept going, and we decided to do more," he said. "Josh's Penny House" is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new town houses. Josh has helped with some of the construction, as have other volunteers. He will choose the family that moves into the unit.
Next year, the 17-year-old kid will head to college in British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province. As an 11-year-old kid when starting fundraising, Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world. No matter how old you are, if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it, it can come true.
1.Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in Paragraph 2
A.Cautious. B.Straightforward. C.Open-minded. D.Determined.
2.Why did Josh hold the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event
A.To attain his goal. B.To call for more attention.
C.To win approval from the locals. D.To find sponsors for a family.
3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean
A.He received continuous donations. B.His project became more popular.
C.He got more support from his family. D.The result was beyond expectations.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.Kindness from a Company B.The Penny House Dream
C.A Fund-raising Campaign D.A Boy with a Warm Heart
C
Parents often put their own relationship on the back burner to concentrate on their children, but a new study shows that when spouses(配偶) love each other, their children stay in school longer and marry later in life.
Research about how the affection between parents shapes their children's long-term life outcomes is rare because the data demands are high. This study uses unique data from families in Nepal to provide new evidence. The study, co-authored by researchers at the University of Michigan and McGill University in Quebec, was published in the journal Demography.
"In this study, we see that parents' emotional connection to each other affects child growth so much that it shapes their children's future," said co-author and U-M Institute for Social Research researcher William Axinn. "The fact that we found these kinds of things in Nepal moves us to step closer to evidence that these things are universal."
The study uses data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study in Nepal. The survey was launched in 1995, and collected information from 151 neighborhoods in the Western Chitwan Valley. Married couples were interviewed at the same time but separately, and were asked to assess the level of affection they had for their partner. The spouses answered "How much do you love your husband/wife, very much, some, a little, or not at all "
The researchers then followed the children of these parents for 12 years to document their education and marital (婚姻的) behavior. They found that the children of the parents who reported they loved each other either "some" or "very much" stayed in school longer and married later.
"Family isn't just another institution. It's not like a school. It is this place where we also have emotions and feelings," said lead author Sarah Brauner-Otto, director of the Centre on Population Dynamics at McGill University. The researchers say that their next important question will be to identify why parental love impacts children in this way.
1.Why is the research rarely done about the influence of parents' love on children's lives
A.Because few scientists show passion.
B.Because the data are demanding.
C.Because evidence is hard to collect.
D.Because parents sometimes don't tell the truth.
2.What does the underlined word "universal" in the third paragraph mean
A.Reasonable. B.Scientific. C.Worldwide. D.Acceptable.
3.What can be learned about the study from Paragraph 4
A.It started in the 19th century.
B.It used information from 151 western countries.
C.Couples were interviewed together.
D.Couples needed to make an assessment of their closeness degree.
4.Which of the following will Sarah Brauner-Otto agree with
A.Family is like a school.
B.Family really matters.
C.Home is the best place.
D.All happy families are alike.
D
Whether paired with a bottle of nice red wine or a burger, cheese can be a delicious treat. But it is not perhaps, the ideal material to use in printing--unless you are a team of nutritional scientists. One group of researchers used 3D printing to create a cheese. And the cheese could provide a valuable insight for engineers who are still developing materials for 3D printing.
A team from the school of food and nutritional sciences at University College Cork (UCC) conducted a series of tests evaluating the 3D-printed cheese. 3D printing materials need to be fluid (液态) enough to flow but also capable of setting into a definite shape or structure.
After melting the cheese at 75°C (167°F) for 12 minutes, the UCC team then ran it through a modified commercial 3D printer. The machine, which usually prints with plastic, was fitted with a syringe (注射器) to allow it to print with the melted cheese.
The UCC team used several techniques to examine the effects of the 3D printing process on their cheese. They compared the 3D-printed results to processed cheese that had been melted and then cooled, as well as another sample that was left untouched. Cheese that was 3D printed was 45% to 49% softer than the processed cheese, the researchers said. They also discovered that 3D-printed cheese was a little darker in colour and more fluid when melted, though it melted at about the same temperature as processed cheese.
Dr Kelly and his colleagues are now testing other types of dairy products which can be 3D-printed. Dr Kelly said, "We are using mixtures of milk proteins at present to build a product, perhaps a high-protein snack, and designing recipes which might work best for a 3D printer."
1.What problems are the engineers facing in 3D printing cheese
A.They don't have proper material.
B.They can't find a bottle of nice red wine or a burger.
C.They can't make the cheese very delicious.
D.They know much less than nutritional scientists.
2.How did the researchers use the 3D printer to make cheese
A.They raisied the temperature to 75℃.
B.They added a syringe to the printer.
C.They bought some cheese to paint it.
D.They evaluated the 3D-printed cheese.
3.What is the advantage of the 3D-printed cheese
A.It melts more easily. B. It tastes more delicious.
C. It costs less money. D. It is much softer.
4.What will Dr Kelly and his colleagues do next according to the last paragraph
A.Publish a report on their research.
B.Invent a new 3D printer.
C.3D print more milk food.
D.Make more cheese with their machine.
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
In the most basic sense, self-regulation(自我调节) involves controlling one's behavior and thoughts in pursuit(追求) of long-term goals. Generally, people who are good at self-regulation tend to see the good in others and view challenges as opportunities. They exactly know what they want to achieve, act in accordance with their views, and devote their best effort. ①_____
②_____ A bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self-regulation skills may lack self-confidence. He may have difficulty handling stress, and often, this might be expressed in terms of anger and anxiety.
How do problems with self-regulation develop It could start early when a baby isn't treated with enough care. ③_____ Later, an adult may struggle with self-regulation, either because this ability wasn't developed during childhood, or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings. When left unchecked, over time this could lead to risky behavior such as taking drugs.
④_____ One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns, which means that you think about a situation in a positive way, rather than one that's likely to increase negative emotions. ⑤_____ Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as "My friend hates me", you might instead think, "My friend must be really busy".
A. Try to cheer yourself up after disappointment.
B. Do the usual series of things at a particular time.
C. A child who doesn't feel safe may have trouble self-regulating.
D. A lack of self-regulation will cause problems in life.
E. Anyhow, self-regulation is so important that we should learn to use this skill.
F. For example, imagine a friend who doesn't return your calls or texts for several days.
G. Also they can calm themselves when feeling upset and cheer themselves when feeling down.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
I was late for my flight. Sweating and out of breath, I quickly made my way to the 1 . After boarding, I greeted my 2 : a middle-aged woman sitting at the window, and a little girl sitting on the aisle (过道) seat. I took my place 3 them. I began a conversation with the little girl who was busy 4 her book. I found it 5 that such a young girl would be traveling alone, and I decided to 6 her to make sure she was okay.
Suddenly, the plane began extreme turbulence (颠簸). The pilot told everyone to remain calm, because we met 7 weather.
Several times the plane made sharp downs and turns. Some people began 8 , many sitting restlessly (烦躁地) and praying. I was sweating with each increasingly 9 shake of the plane. Meanwhile, the little girl was sitting 10 beside me in her seat. Her coloring book and crayons were put away neatly, and her hands were calmly resting on her legs.
Then, just as suddenly as it had begun, the turbulence 11 soon. The pilot came on a few minutes later to announce that we would be 12 soon. As the plane began its descent (下降), I said to the little girl, "Tell me, dear, how could you remain so calm while all of us adults were so 13 " Looking me in the eye, she said, "My father is the 14 , and he's taking me home."
Yes. If we recognise the power of 15 , we will fear nothing.
1.A. taxi B. plane C. station D. crowd
2.A. friends B. passengers C. neighbors D. colleagues
3.A. in front of B. across C. behind D. between
4.A. showing B. picking C. coloring D. touching
5.A. strange B. regular C. ordinary D. lovely
6.A. believe in B. pay a visit to C. keep up with D. keep an eye on
7.A. warm B. fine C. rough D. cool
8.A. laughing B. fighting C. running D. crying
9.A. slight B. comfortable C. violent D. normal
10.A. sincerely B. quietly C. curiously D. nervously
11.A. ended B. raised C. crashed D. lifted
12.A. landing B. sinking C. boarding D. flying
13.A. optimistic B. angry C. strong D. afraid
14.A. winner B. pilot C. robot D. volunteer
15.A. standard B. communication C. belief D. judgement
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
My name is Marly. I'm from an Inuit village in the far north of Canada. Our lives are closely connected ①_____ the natural world of the Arctic.
Though we live in ②_____(regularly) houses, we stay in temporary shelters called "igloos" when we go hunting. Igloos are made of snow or ice. On the one hand, they are quite warm inside and building materials can ③_____(find) everywhere. But on the other, they can only be kept for around fifty days.
We get our food from the nearby sea. Eating a lot of fish and meat ④_____(keep) our bodies strong so that we can fight the cold. But the downside is that the cold weather makes it difficult ⑤_____ us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.
It's ⑥_____(absolute) dark here for three months of the year, ⑦_____ is the period called "the polar night". So, life can sometimes be boring! But the good thing is, during that time the elders tell us stories about our people. It gives us more time ⑧_____(stay) with our family and friends.
Nowadays, ships bring tourists to the Arctic. The advantage to this is that it brings more money and job ⑨_____(opportunity). But the disadvantage is that our environment is being polluted.
But one thing is for sure: no matter how things change, our traditions will remain ⑩_____ important part of our lives.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友David热爱体育运动,他将作为交换生到你校学习。请你给他写封邮件,内容包括:
1. 介绍学校体育课程及活动;
2. 推荐一项中国传统体育项目。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
（满分25分）
阅读下列材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lungs nearly burst. I struggled to lift my head out of the water. Inch by inch, my tired body reached the end of the pool.
The extent of my swimming career was purely recreational, while the competitive swimmers nearby thought nothing of the seemingly simple task of a 500-meter swim test. Pushing myself to finish what I had started, I could only think: why not take the easy way out
Earlier that week, I had turned in my first job application at a local pool. Overqualified, I was hired on the spot. However, the tasks were boring: helping confused visitors and measuring the height of children before they went down the slide (滑梯). I was capable of more.
So a swim test was required, establishing the mere fact that I was not completely useless in a pool. Midway, the manager administering the test remarked, "This looks really easy for you. Why aren't you applying to become a guard "
"The thought didn't cross my mind."
"Well, lifeguarding demands more responsibility, strength and respect. Thus the position pays $2 more per hour. Your swimming skills are strong enough. All you need to do is complete the certification."
Inside I was unsure of myself, but his words inspired me—You never know what you are capable of until you force yourself to do it.
Soon I passed the swim test. All left was to practice and learn first aid, CPR (心肺复苏), and procedures for different land-based and water-based emergencies.
Work started soon. A well-intentioned yet anxious feeling in me soon passed. Days, weeks, and months went by without incident; emergencies were rare. The skills and training I had so carefully studied and acquired seemed unnecessary.
Today appeared to be another uneventful day. However, shortly after the other guards signaled to the children to exit the pool, I noticed one boy was still in the middle while the others had climbed up.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1 :
"Something must have gone wrong with him," I thought to myself.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3 CAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据Malcolm & Marie部分中"The romantic drama is directed by Sam Levinson."可知, Malcolm & Marie是一部爱情片。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings部分中"It's about time for the Marvel Cinematic Universe to have its first Asian superhero on the silver screen."可知, 这是漫威即将上映的超级英雄电影。B选项与Director: Destin Daniel Cretton相悖; C选项与Shang-Chi, the Master of Kung Fu, who has the knowledge of nearly every martial art相悖; D选项与This upcoming film will feature a 98% Asian cast相悖。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据West Side Story部分第一句"Steven Spielberg's new adaptation of the famous Broadway musical of the same name"可知, West Side Story改编自百老汇同名音乐剧。故选C。
B.答案：1-4 DAAB
解析：1.推理判断题。文章第二段讲述了六年前, Josh提出四年的筹资期限, 许多人怀疑他是否能达到100,000美元的目标, 但这并没有动摇他的信念, 他开始到处筹资。由此可以看出Josh是信心坚定的, 不可动摇的, 因此用determined(坚定的)最恰当。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Four months before his deadline, he was $ 30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge, which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $ 19,000.可知, 在最后期限的前4个月, 他仍缺少30,000美元, 于是他决定在Uxbridge举办Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner。目的是实现他的目标, 即筹集100,000美元。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的Eventually, Josh reached a total of $ 134,000 before the deadline. "The momentum just kept going, and we decided to do more," he said. "Josh's Penny House" is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new town houses.可知Josh的筹资梦想实现了, 并且他决定要做更多, 由此可推测画线部分表示"他收到持续的捐款"。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的Josh Morrison, 17, dreamed of raising $ 100,000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work, his dream has come true.可知文章主要讲述了17岁的Josh Morrison梦想筹集100,000美元, 为低收入家庭建造家园, 他的梦想最终实现。B选项符合文章主题, 而且有新意, 故选B。
C.答案：1-4.BCDB
解析：1.考查细节理解。由第二段中的"Research about how the affection between parents shapes their children's long-term life outcomes is rare because the data demands are high"可知,这类研究因为数据要求较高而很少。
2.考查词义猜测。由画线词所在句"The fact that we found these kinds of things in Nepal moves us to step closer to evidence that these things are universal"可知,研究人员在尼泊尔发现这些种类的情况的事实促使他们更接近这些情况是普遍存在的证据。故此处universal与 worldwide同义,表示"全世界的,普遍的"。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。根据文章第四段尤其是"and were asked to assess the level of affection they had for their partner"可知,夫妇被要求对自己和对方之间的亲近程度作出评价。故D项符合文意。
4.考查推理判断。由文章最后一段中的"Family isn't just another institution. It's not like a school. It is this place where we also have emotions and feelings"可推知, Sarah Brauner-Otto认为家庭很重要,故选B。
D.答案：1-4 ABDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"3D printing materials need to be fluid enough to flow but also capable of setting into a definite shape or structure."可知,3D打印材料得是可以流动的,也得能够成为特定的形状和结构。由此可知在打印奶酪时,工程师们面对的问题是找不到合适的材料。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"The machine, which usually prints with plastic, was fitted with a syringe to allow it to print with the melted cheese."可知,这个机器通常使用塑料打印,现在安装了注射器使得它可以用融化的奶酪打印。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的Cheese that was 3D printed was 45% to 49% softer than the processed cheese可知,3D打印的奶酪比加工过的奶酪软45%到49%,这说明3D打印奶酪的优点是更软。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的We are using mixtures of milk proteins at present to build a product, perhaps a high-protein snack可知,研究者们目前在使用牛奶蛋白混合物制造新产品,可能是高蛋白零食。结合本段语境可知,Kelly和他的同事接下来要做的事是3D打印乳制食品。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ GDCEF
解析：①上文They exactly know what they want to achieve, act in accordance with their views, and devote their best effort.说的是会自我调节的好处, 分析选项可知G项也是在说会自我调节的好处, 与上文是递进关系, 联系更紧密, 符合语境。故选G。
②根据下文A bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self-regulation skills may lack self-confidence.可知, 下文讲的是如果缺乏自我调节能力, 就会产生不好的影响, 所以此处说的也是不好的影响。D项更好地总结了此段内容, 符合语境。故选D。
③根据下文 Later, an adult may struggle with self-regulation, either because this ability wasn't developed during childhood, or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings.可知, 下文主要讲述的是成年人的情况, 所以此处讲的是孩子的情况。故C项符合语境。故选C。
④根据下文One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns, which means that you think about a situation in a positive way, rather than one that's likely to increase negative emotions.可知, 下文讲述的是自我调节的方法。E项说我们应该学会使用这项技能, 与下文讲述自我调节的方法连接自然, 符合语境。故选E。
⑤根据下文Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as "My friend hates me", you might instead think, "My friend must be really busy".可知, 当好几天都没有收到朋友的来电或短信时, 不要想朋友讨厌自己, 而应该想朋友一定很忙。此处是在举例, 列举了有关朋友的例子, F项符合语境。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 BCDCA 6-10 DCDCB 11-15 AADBC
解析：1.句意：我汗流浃背上气不接下气,很快就上了飞机。taxi出租车;plane飞机;station车站;crowd人群。根据第一句"I was late for my flight."及第二段首句"Suddenly, the plane began extreme turbulence."可知,此处是指作者上了飞机（plane）
2.句意：登机后,我和邻座打招呼--一个中年妇女坐在窗口,一个小女孩坐在过道的座位上。friend朋友;passenger乘客;neighbor邻居;colleague同事。根据后面的the little girl was sitting ____ beside me in her seat可知,小女孩坐在作者旁边的座位上。由此可推断出作者和邻座（neighbor）打招呼。
3.句意：我坐在她们中间。in front of在……的前面;across穿过;behind在……后面;between在……之间。根据I greeted my neighbors：a middle-aged woman sitting at the window, and a little girl sitting on the aisle seat可知,登机后,作者和邻座打招呼：一个中年妇女坐在窗前,一个小女孩坐在过道座位。由此可知,作者是坐在中年妇女和小女孩之间（between）。
4.句意：……她正忙着给她的书涂色。show显示;pick选择;color为……着色;touch触摸。根据第三段中的Her coloring book and crayons were put away neatly可知,小女孩正忙着给她的书涂色（color）。
5.句意：我觉得很奇怪,这么小的女孩居然独自旅行……strange奇怪的;regular有规则的;ordinary普通的;lovely可爱的。
6.句意：.我决定留意她,确保她没事。believe in相信;pay a visit to拜访;keep up with跟上;keep an eye on照看,密切注意。根据后面作者对小女孩的关心可知,作者认为小女孩独自旅行不安全,所以决定照看（keep an eye on）她。
7.句意：飞行员告诉大家保持冷静,因为我们遇到了恶劣的天气。warm温暖的;fine好的,纤细的;rough（天气）恶劣的,有暴风雨的;cool凉爽的。根据上文"Suddenly, the plane began extreme turbulence."以及下文"Several times the plane made sharp downs and turns."可知遇到了恶劣的（rough）天气。
8.句意：飞机几次急转直下,有些人开始哭泣,许多人不安地坐着祈祷。laugh大笑;fight战斗;run跑;cry哭泣。根据上下文可知,飞机遭遇恶劣的天气,此处是指有些人开始哭泣（cry）。
9.句意：随着飞机越来越剧烈的摇晃,我在出汗。slight轻微的;comfortable舒服的;violent剧烈的,暴力的;normal正常的。根据"Suddenly, the plane began extreme turbulence."和"Several times the plane made sharp downs and turns."可知,飞机遭遇恶劣天气,飞机有几次急剧下降和转弯,所以飞机越来越剧烈（violent）地摇晃。
10.句意：与此同时,小女孩安静地坐在我旁边的座位上。sincerely真诚地;quietly安静地;curiously好奇地;nervously紧张地。由下句可知,小女孩的涂色本和彩色蜡笔都整齐地放在一边,她的双手镇定地放在腿上。所以这里是指小女孩很安静（quietly）,一点儿也不惊慌。
11.句意：然后,就像（颠簸）开始时那样突然,颠簸很快就结束了。end结束;raise提高;crash碰撞,坠毁;lit提起。根据just as suddenly as it had begun（正如它开始时一样突然）可知,此处是说颠簸很快就结束（end）了。
12.句意：飞行员几分钟后来宣布我们很快就要着陆了。land着陆;sink下沉;board登机;fly飞行。根据下文As the plane began its descent（当飞机开始下降）可知乘客很快就要着陆（land）了。
13.句意：告诉我,亲爱的,当我们所有的成年人都这么害怕的时候,你怎么能保持这么冷静呢？optimistic乐观的;angry生气的;strong强壮的;afraid害怕的。根据"Some people began _____, many sitting restlessly and praying. I was sweating with each increasingly _____ shake of the plane."可知,许多成年人有的哭了,有的坐立不安,作者吓得流汗,也就是说,成年人很害怕（afraid）,故选D。
14.句意：我父亲是飞行员,他会带我回家的。winner获胜者;pilot飞行员;robot机器人;volunteer志愿者。根据语境可知,小女孩的父亲就是那个飞行员（pilot）。
15.句意：如果我们认识到信念的力量,我们将无所畏惧。standard标准;communication交流;belief信念;judgement判断。小女孩说她爸爸是飞行员,坚信爸爸要带她回家,所以她在飞机剧烈颠簸时不害怕。因此这是信念（belief）的作用。
第二节
答案：①to/with ②regular ③be found ④keeps ⑤for ⑥absolutely ⑦which ⑧to stay ⑨opportunities ⑩an
解析：①考查介词。be connected to/with与......有联系。
②考查词性转换。设空后是名词houses, 修饰名词要用形容词。故填regular。
③考查被动语态。主语building materials与find间是被动关系, 所以使用被动语态, 且空前是情态动词, 后接动词原形, 故填be found。
④考查动词时态和主谓一致。动词-ing形式作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 故填keeps。
⑤考查介词。在make it difficult to do这个句型中如果需要加上不定式的逻辑主语, 需要借助介词for, 故填for。
⑥考查副词。设空处修饰形容词dark, 要用副词, 故填absolutely。
⑦考查关系代词。此处引导非限制性定语从句, 指代主句所述的内容, 故填which。
⑧考查动词不定式作定语。设空处作time的定语, 说明其内容, 所以用不定式形式, 故填to stay。
⑨考查名词复数。opportunity是可数名词, 在其前面没有表单数意义的词修饰, 所以该单词需用复数形式, 故填opportunities。
⑩考查不定冠词。设空后是可数名词单数, 此处表泛指, 所以设空处需填不定冠词, important以元音音素开头, 故填an。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear David,
I’m delighted that you will come to our school as an exchange student. Since you enjoy sports, I would like to introduce the courses and a Chinese traditional sport.
Initially, there are two PE classes every week in which basic courses, including playing basketball and running, are compulsory. Additionally, the school sports meeting is held annually, which is well received. Eventually, I recommend you to learn Taichi, a traditional Chinese sport, for practicing it regularly will help you stay fit physically and mentally.
Look forward to your arrival!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
"Something must have gone wrong with him," I thought to myself. Sure enough, with a closer look. I found the boy waving his hands desperately. I quickly dived into the water, swimming towards the boy at full speed. By the time I reached him, he had sunk to the bottom of the pool, which filled my heart with fright and concern. I picked the boy up and headed to the poolside, keeping his head above the water.
Paragraph 2:
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck. I could tell that he had no heartbeat and wasn't breathing. Every second counted! Without hesitation, I did first aid, performing CPR as trained. Other guards watching anxiously, I carried on, sweating. Suddenly, a stream of water burst out of his mouth and the boy coughed intensely. Seeing the boy regain consciousness, those around broke into cheers. Exhausted, I sighed with relief. I thought had I accepted that easy position, I would have been nothing but a bystander. I'm happy I didn't take the easy way out.
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a great number of rescheduling release dates(上映日期). Despite how the reality of the calendar develops, these are some films we're crossing our fingers that we will get to see this year.
Malcolm & Marie
Release date: February 5
Director: Sam Levinson
A director and his girlfriend's relationship is tested after they return home from his movie premiere(首映) and await critics' responses. The romantic drama is directed by Sam Levinson.
Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings
Release date: September 2
Director: Destin Daniel Cretton
It's about time for the Marvel Cinematic Universe to have its first Asian superhero on the silver screen. And there are few better heroes to pick than Shang-Chi, the Master of Kung Fu, who has the knowledge of nearly every martial art. This upcoming film will feature a 98% Asian cast.
West Side Story
Release date: December 10
Director: Steven Spielberg
Steven Spielberg's new adaptation of the famous Broadway musical of the same name, which itself was based on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, is finally seeing the light of day in late 2021.
The Matrix 4
Release date: December 22
Director: Lana Wachowski
Lana Wachowski is set to bring us another sci-fi action-adventure set in the digital world where she helped create a way back in 1999.
1.What type of film is Malcolm & Marie
A.Comedy. B.Fantasy. C.Romance. D.Sci-fi.
2.What do we know about Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings
A.It is Marvel Studio's upcoming superhero film. B.It stars Destin Daniel Cretton.
C.Its hero knows everything about martial arts. D.It is a film with an all-Asian cast.
3.Which of the following film is adapted from a musical
A.Malcolm & Marie. B.Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings.
C.West Side Story, D.The Matrix 4.
B
Josh Morrison, 17, dreamed of raising $100,000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work, his dream has come true. The house is now in the early stages of building.
Six years ago, Josh and his dad went into the Habitat for Humanity ReStore, a home improvement store and donation center run by the nonprofit organization. They were there to buy a sink. Josh, then 11, also noticed a collection of pennies. "I instantly felt the urge to help out with that," he said. Josh set a fund-raising deadline of four years. Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn't shake his faith. He devoted his time to raising money at his school and other nearby schools. He collected money from neighbours, got publicity from local newspapers, and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change.
Josh's fund-raising efforts began to produce results. Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $ 30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge, which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $ 19,000.
"I didn't care how long it took me," said Josh. "I would raise $100,000." With three weeks left, a company called Josh's house offered to donate $18,000. Eventually, Josh reached a total of $134,000 before the deadline. "The momentum just kept going, and we decided to do more," he said. "Josh's Penny House" is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new town houses. Josh has helped with some of the construction, as have other volunteers. He will choose the family that moves into the unit.
Next year, the 17-year-old kid will head to college in British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province. As an 11-year-old kid when starting fundraising, Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world. No matter how old you are, if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it, it can come true.
1.Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in Paragraph 2
A.Cautious. B.Straightforward. C.Open-minded. D.Determined.
2.Why did Josh hold the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event
A.To attain his goal. B.To call for more attention.
C.To win approval from the locals. D.To find sponsors for a family.
3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean
A.He received continuous donations. B.His project became more popular.
C.He got more support from his family. D.The result was beyond expectations.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.Kindness from a Company B.The Penny House Dream
C.A Fund-raising Campaign D.A Boy with a Warm Heart
C
Parents often put their own relationship on the back burner to concentrate on their children, but a new study shows that when spouses(配偶) love each other, their children stay in school longer and marry later in life.
Research about how the affection between parents shapes their children's long-term life outcomes is rare because the data demands are high. This study uses unique data from families in Nepal to provide new evidence. The study, co-authored by researchers at the University of Michigan and McGill University in Quebec, was published in the journal Demography.
"In this study, we see that parents' emotional connection to each other affects child growth so much that it shapes their children's future," said co-author and U-M Institute for Social Research researcher William Axinn. "The fact that we found these kinds of things in Nepal moves us to step closer to evidence that these things are universal."
The study uses data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study in Nepal. The survey was launched in 1995, and collected information from 151 neighborhoods in the Western Chitwan Valley. Married couples were interviewed at the same time but separately, and were asked to assess the level of affection they had for their partner. The spouses answered "How much do you love your husband/wife, very much, some, a little, or not at all "
The researchers then followed the children of these parents for 12 years to document their education and marital (婚姻的) behavior. They found that the children of the parents who reported they loved each other either "some" or "very much" stayed in school longer and married later.
"Family isn't just another institution. It's not like a school. It is this place where we also have emotions and feelings," said lead author Sarah Brauner-Otto, director of the Centre on Population Dynamics at McGill University. The researchers say that their next important question will be to identify why parental love impacts children in this way.
1.Why is the research rarely done about the influence of parents' love on children's lives
A.Because few scientists show passion.
B.Because the data are demanding.
C.Because evidence is hard to collect.
D.Because parents sometimes don't tell the truth.
2.What does the underlined word "universal" in the third paragraph mean
A.Reasonable. B.Scientific. C.Worldwide. D.Acceptable.
3.What can be learned about the study from Paragraph 4
A.It started in the 19th century.
B.It used information from 151 western countries.
C.Couples were interviewed together.
D.Couples needed to make an assessment of their closeness degree.
4.Which of the following will Sarah Brauner-Otto agree with
A.Family is like a school.
B.Family really matters.
C.Home is the best place.
D.All happy families are alike.
D
Whether paired with a bottle of nice red wine or a burger, cheese can be a delicious treat. But it is not perhaps, the ideal material to use in printing--unless you are a team of nutritional scientists. One group of researchers used 3D printing to create a cheese. And the cheese could provide a valuable insight for engineers who are still developing materials for 3D printing.
A team from the school of food and nutritional sciences at University College Cork (UCC) conducted a series of tests evaluating the 3D-printed cheese. 3D printing materials need to be fluid (液态) enough to flow but also capable of setting into a definite shape or structure.
After melting the cheese at 75°C (167°F) for 12 minutes, the UCC team then ran it through a modified commercial 3D printer. The machine, which usually prints with plastic, was fitted with a syringe (注射器) to allow it to print with the melted cheese.
The UCC team used several techniques to examine the effects of the 3D printing process on their cheese. They compared the 3D-printed results to processed cheese that had been melted and then cooled, as well as another sample that was left untouched. Cheese that was 3D printed was 45% to 49% softer than the processed cheese, the researchers said. They also discovered that 3D-printed cheese was a little darker in colour and more fluid when melted, though it melted at about the same temperature as processed cheese.
Dr Kelly and his colleagues are now testing other types of dairy products which can be 3D-printed. Dr Kelly said, "We are using mixtures of milk proteins at present to build a product, perhaps a high-protein snack, and designing recipes which might work best for a 3D printer."
1.What problems are the engineers facing in 3D printing cheese
A.They don't have proper material.
B.They can't find a bottle of nice red wine or a burger.
C.They can't make the cheese very delicious.
D.They know much less than nutritional scientists.
2.How did the researchers use the 3D printer to make cheese
A.They raisied the temperature to 75℃.
B.They added a syringe to the printer.
C.They bought some cheese to paint it.
D.They evaluated the 3D-printed cheese.
3.What is the advantage of the 3D-printed cheese
A.It melts more easily. B. It tastes more delicious.
C. It costs less money. D. It is much softer.
4.What will Dr Kelly and his colleagues do next according to the last paragraph
A.Publish a report on their research.
B.Invent a new 3D printer.
C.3D print more milk food.
D.Make more cheese with their machine.
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
In the most basic sense, self-regulation(自我调节) involves controlling one's behavior and thoughts in pursuit(追求) of long-term goals. Generally, people who are good at self-regulation tend to see the good in others and view challenges as opportunities. They exactly know what they want to achieve, act in accordance with their views, and devote their best effort. ①_____
②_____ A bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self-regulation skills may lack self-confidence. He may have difficulty handling stress, and often, this might be expressed in terms of anger and anxiety.
How do problems with self-regulation develop It could start early when a baby isn't treated with enough care. ③_____ Later, an adult may struggle with self-regulation, either because this ability wasn't developed during childhood, or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings. When left unchecked, over time this could lead to risky behavior such as taking drugs.
④_____ One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns, which means that you think about a situation in a positive way, rather than one that's likely to increase negative emotions. ⑤_____ Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as "My friend hates me", you might instead think, "My friend must be really busy".
A. Try to cheer yourself up after disappointment.
B. Do the usual series of things at a particular time.
C. A child who doesn't feel safe may have trouble self-regulating.
D. A lack of self-regulation will cause problems in life.
E. Anyhow, self-regulation is so important that we should learn to use this skill.
F. For example, imagine a friend who doesn't return your calls or texts for several days.
G. Also they can calm themselves when feeling upset and cheer themselves when feeling down.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
I was late for my flight. Sweating and out of breath, I quickly made my way to the 1 . After boarding, I greeted my 2 : a middle-aged woman sitting at the window, and a little girl sitting on the aisle (过道) seat. I took my place 3 them. I began a conversation with the little girl who was busy 4 her book. I found it 5 that such a young girl would be traveling alone, and I decided to 6 her to make sure she was okay.
Suddenly, the plane began extreme turbulence (颠簸). The pilot told everyone to remain calm, because we met 7 weather.
Several times the plane made sharp downs and turns. Some people began 8 , many sitting restlessly (烦躁地) and praying. I was sweating with each increasingly 9 shake of the plane. Meanwhile, the little girl was sitting 10 beside me in her seat. Her coloring book and crayons were put away neatly, and her hands were calmly resting on her legs.
Then, just as suddenly as it had begun, the turbulence 11 soon. The pilot came on a few minutes later to announce that we would be 12 soon. As the plane began its descent (下降), I said to the little girl, "Tell me, dear, how could you remain so calm while all of us adults were so 13 " Looking me in the eye, she said, "My father is the 14 , and he's taking me home."
Yes. If we recognise the power of 15 , we will fear nothing.
1.A. taxi B. plane C. station D. crowd
2.A. friends B. passengers C. neighbors D. colleagues
3.A. in front of B. across C. behind D. between
4.A. showing B. picking C. coloring D. touching
5.A. strange B. regular C. ordinary D. lovely
6.A. believe in B. pay a visit to C. keep up with D. keep an eye on
7.A. warm B. fine C. rough D. cool
8.A. laughing B. fighting C. running D. crying
9.A. slight B. comfortable C. violent D. normal
10.A. sincerely B. quietly C. curiously D. nervously
11.A. ended B. raised C. crashed D. lifted
12.A. landing B. sinking C. boarding D. flying
13.A. optimistic B. angry C. strong D. afraid
14.A. winner B. pilot C. robot D. volunteer
15.A. standard B. communication C. belief D. judgement
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
My name is Marly. I'm from an Inuit village in the far north of Canada. Our lives are closely connected ①_____ the natural world of the Arctic.
Though we live in ②_____(regularly) houses, we stay in temporary shelters called "igloos" when we go hunting. Igloos are made of snow or ice. On the one hand, they are quite warm inside and building materials can ③_____(find) everywhere. But on the other, they can only be kept for around fifty days.
We get our food from the nearby sea. Eating a lot of fish and meat ④_____(keep) our bodies strong so that we can fight the cold. But the downside is that the cold weather makes it difficult ⑤_____ us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.
It's ⑥_____(absolute) dark here for three months of the year, ⑦_____ is the period called "the polar night". So, life can sometimes be boring! But the good thing is, during that time the elders tell us stories about our people. It gives us more time ⑧_____(stay) with our family and friends.
Nowadays, ships bring tourists to the Arctic. The advantage to this is that it brings more money and job ⑨_____(opportunity). But the disadvantage is that our environment is being polluted.
But one thing is for sure: no matter how things change, our traditions will remain ⑩_____ important part of our lives.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友David热爱体育运动,他将作为交换生到你校学习。请你给他写封邮件,内容包括:
1. 介绍学校体育课程及活动;
2. 推荐一项中国传统体育项目。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
（满分25分）
阅读下列材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lungs nearly burst. I struggled to lift my head out of the water. Inch by inch, my tired body reached the end of the pool.
The extent of my swimming career was purely recreational, while the competitive swimmers nearby thought nothing of the seemingly simple task of a 500-meter swim test. Pushing myself to finish what I had started, I could only think: why not take the easy way out
Earlier that week, I had turned in my first job application at a local pool. Overqualified, I was hired on the spot. However, the tasks were boring: helping confused visitors and measuring the height of children before they went down the slide (滑梯). I was capable of more.
So a swim test was required, establishing the mere fact that I was not completely useless in a pool. Midway, the manager administering the test remarked, "This looks really easy for you. Why aren't you applying to become a guard "
"The thought didn't cross my mind."
"Well, lifeguarding demands more responsibility, strength and respect. Thus the position pays $2 more per hour. Your swimming skills are strong enough. All you need to do is complete the certification."
Inside I was unsure of myself, but his words inspired me—You never know what you are capable of until you force yourself to do it.
Soon I passed the swim test. All left was to practice and learn first aid, CPR (心肺复苏), and procedures for different land-based and water-based emergencies.
Work started soon. A well-intentioned yet anxious feeling in me soon passed. Days, weeks, and months went by without incident; emergencies were rare. The skills and training I had so carefully studied and acquired seemed unnecessary.
Today appeared to be another uneventful day. However, shortly after the other guards signaled to the children to exit the pool, I noticed one boy was still in the middle while the others had climbed up.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1 :
"Something must have gone wrong with him," I thought to myself.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3 CAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据Malcolm & Marie部分中"The romantic drama is directed by Sam Levinson."可知, Malcolm & Marie是一部爱情片。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings部分中"It's about time for the Marvel Cinematic Universe to have its first Asian superhero on the silver screen."可知, 这是漫威即将上映的超级英雄电影。B选项与Director: Destin Daniel Cretton相悖; C选项与Shang-Chi, the Master of Kung Fu, who has the knowledge of nearly every martial art相悖; D选项与This upcoming film will feature a 98% Asian cast相悖。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据West Side Story部分第一句"Steven Spielberg's new adaptation of the famous Broadway musical of the same name"可知, West Side Story改编自百老汇同名音乐剧。故选C。
B.答案：1-4 DAAB
解析：1.推理判断题。文章第二段讲述了六年前, Josh提出四年的筹资期限, 许多人怀疑他是否能达到100,000美元的目标, 但这并没有动摇他的信念, 他开始到处筹资。由此可以看出Josh是信心坚定的, 不可动摇的, 因此用determined(坚定的)最恰当。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Four months before his deadline, he was $ 30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge, which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $ 19,000.可知, 在最后期限的前4个月, 他仍缺少30,000美元, 于是他决定在Uxbridge举办Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner。目的是实现他的目标, 即筹集100,000美元。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的Eventually, Josh reached a total of $ 134,000 before the deadline. "The momentum just kept going, and we decided to do more," he said. "Josh's Penny House" is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new town houses.可知Josh的筹资梦想实现了, 并且他决定要做更多, 由此可推测画线部分表示"他收到持续的捐款"。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的Josh Morrison, 17, dreamed of raising $ 100,000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work, his dream has come true.可知文章主要讲述了17岁的Josh Morrison梦想筹集100,000美元, 为低收入家庭建造家园, 他的梦想最终实现。B选项符合文章主题, 而且有新意, 故选B。
C.答案：1-4.BCDB
解析：1.考查细节理解。由第二段中的"Research about how the affection between parents shapes their children's long-term life outcomes is rare because the data demands are high"可知,这类研究因为数据要求较高而很少。
2.考查词义猜测。由画线词所在句"The fact that we found these kinds of things in Nepal moves us to step closer to evidence that these things are universal"可知,研究人员在尼泊尔发现这些种类的情况的事实促使他们更接近这些情况是普遍存在的证据。故此处universal与 worldwide同义,表示"全世界的,普遍的"。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。根据文章第四段尤其是"and were asked to assess the level of affection they had for their partner"可知,夫妇被要求对自己和对方之间的亲近程度作出评价。故D项符合文意。
4.考查推理判断。由文章最后一段中的"Family isn't just another institution. It's not like a school. It is this place where we also have emotions and feelings"可推知, Sarah Brauner-Otto认为家庭很重要,故选B。
D.答案：1-4 ABDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"3D printing materials need to be fluid enough to flow but also capable of setting into a definite shape or structure."可知,3D打印材料得是可以流动的,也得能够成为特定的形状和结构。由此可知在打印奶酪时,工程师们面对的问题是找不到合适的材料。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"The machine, which usually prints with plastic, was fitted with a syringe to allow it to print with the melted cheese."可知,这个机器通常使用塑料打印,现在安装了注射器使得它可以用融化的奶酪打印。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的Cheese that was 3D printed was 45% to 49% softer than the processed cheese可知,3D打印的奶酪比加工过的奶酪软45%到49%,这说明3D打印奶酪的优点是更软。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的We are using mixtures of milk proteins at present to build a product, perhaps a high-protein snack可知,研究者们目前在使用牛奶蛋白混合物制造新产品,可能是高蛋白零食。结合本段语境可知,Kelly和他的同事接下来要做的事是3D打印乳制食品。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ GDCEF
解析：①上文They exactly know what they want to achieve, act in accordance with their views, and devote their best effort.说的是会自我调节的好处, 分析选项可知G项也是在说会自我调节的好处, 与上文是递进关系, 联系更紧密, 符合语境。故选G。
②根据下文A bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self-regulation skills may lack self-confidence.可知, 下文讲的是如果缺乏自我调节能力, 就会产生不好的影响, 所以此处说的也是不好的影响。D项更好地总结了此段内容, 符合语境。故选D。
③根据下文 Later, an adult may struggle with self-regulation, either because this ability wasn't developed during childhood, or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings.可知, 下文主要讲述的是成年人的情况, 所以此处讲的是孩子的情况。故C项符合语境。故选C。
④根据下文One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns, which means that you think about a situation in a positive way, rather than one that's likely to increase negative emotions.可知, 下文讲述的是自我调节的方法。E项说我们应该学会使用这项技能, 与下文讲述自我调节的方法连接自然, 符合语境。故选E。
⑤根据下文Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as "My friend hates me", you might instead think, "My friend must be really busy".可知, 当好几天都没有收到朋友的来电或短信时, 不要想朋友讨厌自己, 而应该想朋友一定很忙。此处是在举例, 列举了有关朋友的例子, F项符合语境。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 BCDCA 6-10 DCDCB 11-15 AADBC
解析：1.句意：我汗流浃背上气不接下气,很快就上了飞机。taxi出租车;plane飞机;station车站;crowd人群。根据第一句"I was late for my flight."及第二段首句"Suddenly, the plane began extreme turbulence."可知,此处是指作者上了飞机（plane）
2.句意：登机后,我和邻座打招呼--一个中年妇女坐在窗口,一个小女孩坐在过道的座位上。friend朋友;passenger乘客;neighbor邻居;colleague同事。根据后面的the little girl was sitting ____ beside me in her seat可知,小女孩坐在作者旁边的座位上。由此可推断出作者和邻座（neighbor）打招呼。
3.句意：我坐在她们中间。in front of在……的前面;across穿过;behind在……后面;between在……之间。根据I greeted my neighbors：a middle-aged woman sitting at the window, and a little girl sitting on the aisle seat可知,登机后,作者和邻座打招呼：一个中年妇女坐在窗前,一个小女孩坐在过道座位。由此可知,作者是坐在中年妇女和小女孩之间（between）。
4.句意：……她正忙着给她的书涂色。show显示;pick选择;color为……着色;touch触摸。根据第三段中的Her coloring book and crayons were put away neatly可知,小女孩正忙着给她的书涂色（color）。
5.句意：我觉得很奇怪,这么小的女孩居然独自旅行……strange奇怪的;regular有规则的;ordinary普通的;lovely可爱的。
6.句意：.我决定留意她,确保她没事。believe in相信;pay a visit to拜访;keep up with跟上;keep an eye on照看,密切注意。根据后面作者对小女孩的关心可知,作者认为小女孩独自旅行不安全,所以决定照看（keep an eye on）她。
7.句意：飞行员告诉大家保持冷静,因为我们遇到了恶劣的天气。warm温暖的;fine好的,纤细的;rough（天气）恶劣的,有暴风雨的;cool凉爽的。根据上文"Suddenly, the plane began extreme turbulence."以及下文"Several times the plane made sharp downs and turns."可知遇到了恶劣的（rough）天气。
8.句意：飞机几次急转直下,有些人开始哭泣,许多人不安地坐着祈祷。laugh大笑;fight战斗;run跑;cry哭泣。根据上下文可知,飞机遭遇恶劣的天气,此处是指有些人开始哭泣（cry）。
9.句意：随着飞机越来越剧烈的摇晃,我在出汗。slight轻微的;comfortable舒服的;violent剧烈的,暴力的;normal正常的。根据"Suddenly, the plane began extreme turbulence."和"Several times the plane made sharp downs and turns."可知,飞机遭遇恶劣天气,飞机有几次急剧下降和转弯,所以飞机越来越剧烈（violent）地摇晃。
10.句意：与此同时,小女孩安静地坐在我旁边的座位上。sincerely真诚地;quietly安静地;curiously好奇地;nervously紧张地。由下句可知,小女孩的涂色本和彩色蜡笔都整齐地放在一边,她的双手镇定地放在腿上。所以这里是指小女孩很安静（quietly）,一点儿也不惊慌。
11.句意：然后,就像（颠簸）开始时那样突然,颠簸很快就结束了。end结束;raise提高;crash碰撞,坠毁;lit提起。根据just as suddenly as it had begun（正如它开始时一样突然）可知,此处是说颠簸很快就结束（end）了。
12.句意：飞行员几分钟后来宣布我们很快就要着陆了。land着陆;sink下沉;board登机;fly飞行。根据下文As the plane began its descent（当飞机开始下降）可知乘客很快就要着陆（land）了。
13.句意：告诉我,亲爱的,当我们所有的成年人都这么害怕的时候,你怎么能保持这么冷静呢？optimistic乐观的;angry生气的;strong强壮的;afraid害怕的。根据"Some people began _____, many sitting restlessly and praying. I was sweating with each increasingly _____ shake of the plane."可知,许多成年人有的哭了,有的坐立不安,作者吓得流汗,也就是说,成年人很害怕（afraid）,故选D。
14.句意：我父亲是飞行员,他会带我回家的。winner获胜者;pilot飞行员;robot机器人;volunteer志愿者。根据语境可知,小女孩的父亲就是那个飞行员（pilot）。
15.句意：如果我们认识到信念的力量,我们将无所畏惧。standard标准;communication交流;belief信念;judgement判断。小女孩说她爸爸是飞行员,坚信爸爸要带她回家,所以她在飞机剧烈颠簸时不害怕。因此这是信念（belief）的作用。
第二节
答案：①to/with ②regular ③be found ④keeps ⑤for ⑥absolutely ⑦which ⑧to stay ⑨opportunities ⑩an
解析：①考查介词。be connected to/with与......有联系。
②考查词性转换。设空后是名词houses, 修饰名词要用形容词。故填regular。
③考查被动语态。主语building materials与find间是被动关系, 所以使用被动语态, 且空前是情态动词, 后接动词原形, 故填be found。
④考查动词时态和主谓一致。动词-ing形式作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 故填keeps。
⑤考查介词。在make it difficult to do这个句型中如果需要加上不定式的逻辑主语, 需要借助介词for, 故填for。
⑥考查副词。设空处修饰形容词dark, 要用副词, 故填absolutely。
⑦考查关系代词。此处引导非限制性定语从句, 指代主句所述的内容, 故填which。
⑧考查动词不定式作定语。设空处作time的定语, 说明其内容, 所以用不定式形式, 故填to stay。
⑨考查名词复数。opportunity是可数名词, 在其前面没有表单数意义的词修饰, 所以该单词需用复数形式, 故填opportunities。
⑩考查不定冠词。设空后是可数名词单数, 此处表泛指, 所以设空处需填不定冠词, important以元音音素开头, 故填an。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear David,
I’m delighted that you will come to our school as an exchange student. Since you enjoy sports, I would like to introduce the courses and a Chinese traditional sport.
Initially, there are two PE classes every week in which basic courses, including playing basketball and running, are compulsory. Additionally, the school sports meeting is held annually, which is well received. Eventually, I recommend you to learn Taichi, a traditional Chinese sport, for practicing it regularly will help you stay fit physically and mentally.
Look forward to your arrival!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
"Something must have gone wrong with him," I thought to myself. Sure enough, with a closer look. I found the boy waving his hands desperately. I quickly dived into the water, swimming towards the boy at full speed. By the time I reached him, he had sunk to the bottom of the pool, which filled my heart with fright and concern. I picked the boy up and headed to the poolside, keeping his head above the water.
Paragraph 2:
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck. I could tell that he had no heartbeat and wasn't breathing. Every second counted! Without hesitation, I did first aid, performing CPR as trained. Other guards watching anxiously, I carried on, sweating. Suddenly, a stream of water burst out of his mouth and the boy coughed intensely. Seeing the boy regain consciousness, those around broke into cheers. Exhausted, I sighed with relief. I thought had I accepted that easy position, I would have been nothing but a bystander. I'm happy I didn't take the easy way out.