外研版（2019）必修二：Unit6 Earth first 能力单元测试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）必修二：Unit6 Earth first 能力单元测试卷（含解析） |  | |
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外研版（2019）必修二：Unit6 Earth first 能力单元测试卷
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Italy adopted a new law to cut down food waste—the second such law in Europe, joining France's. So what's the United States doing with the 30 percent of its food that is simply thrown away Italy's Senate gave final approval (批准) to encourage businesses, shops and restaurants to donate their unused food to charities. That's a practice that historically hasn't been a part of Italian culture. Italy discards more than 17 percent of its food every year.
Calling Italy's level of food waste unacceptable, Agriculture Minister Maurizio Martina told the newspaper La Repubblica, "With this law, we get closer and closer to the aim of recovering a million tons of food and giving it to those who need it." The U. S. Agriculture Department's Economic Research Service says that more than 30 percent of the U. S. food supply is wasted—133 billion pounds of it every year, equal to $161 billion. "In a world full of hunger and changeable food prices, these statistics(统计数字) are more than just appalling," according to the North American office of the U.N. Environment Program. "More surprisingly, most of the waste food is completely healthy food that could have helped feed poor families," the Agriculture Department says.
Several efforts are under way in some departments. The Agriculture Department and the Environmental Protection Agency, for example, set a goal last year of cutting what they called "food loss" in half by 2030. The idea is to improve product development, storage, marketing and cooking methods and recycle food waste to feed animals.
Meanwhile, legislation(立法) in both houses of Congress aims at reducing food waste and pays more attention to educating buyers on what different labels (标签) really mean so that they don't throw away perfectly good food. Research by the Harvard Food Law and Policy Clinic found that 45 percent of all food waste happens in the home, for buyers, confusion over the importance of date labels—which aren't based on any science and aren't controlled by the government.
1.What does Maurizio Martina think of Italy's level of food waste
A.It has become very serious.
B.It is not as serious as America's.
C.It has been successfully controlled in recent years.
D.It is the most serious among all European countries.
2.What does the underlined word "appalling" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A.Interesting. B.Exciting. C.Encouraging. D.Shocking.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Most food waste happens in restaurants.
B.Some buyers don't get into the habit of saving food.
C.It is the government's duty to control the food waste.
D.Some buyers don't realize the importance of the date labels.
B
The endangered pandas in the Qinling Mountains might face a new threat: the loss of their food— bamboo, which makes up 99% of their meals.
Adult pandas spend most part of the day eating bamboo and have to take in at least 40 pounds a day to stay healthy. However, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may soon find their food gone because most of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains might disappear by the end of the century as a result of rising temperature worldwide,
A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied the effects of climate change on the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains. They have found that bamboo is very sensitive to climate change. "80% to 100% of the bamboo would be gone if the average temperature increases 3.5 degrees worldwide by the end of the century, said Liu Jianguo, one of the report's authors.
He added, "This is how much the temperature would rise by 2100 even if all countries will keep their promises in The Paris Agreement. But you know what is happening around the world."
In recent years, China has been trying its best to protect the endangered pandas by setting up more and bigger nature reserves.
"But it is far from being enough and the endangered pandas need cooperation from the rest of the world, because their future is not just in the hands of the Chinese," said Shirley Martin from the World Wildlife Fund but not a member of the team.
There are about 260 pandas in the Qinling Mountains. That is about 13% of the China's wild panda population. In addition, about 375 are living in research centers and zoos in China.
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A.The Qinling Mountains can provide enough bamboo for the pandas.
B.Pandas in the Qinling Mountains are only threatened by the loss of food.
C.Lots of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains will probably disappear.
D.Pandas have already eaten 99% of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains.
2.What does Liu Jianguo mean
A.China needs more help from the World Wildlife Fund.
B.It is difficult to control the temperature rise within 3.5℃.
C.Bamboo is sensitive to changes in temperature.
D.China is making great efforts to protect the pandas.
3.How many wild pandas are there in China
A.About 260. B.About 635. C.About 2,635. D.About 2,000.
4.Which can be the best title for the text
A.The Disappearance of Bamboo B.Necessity to Change Pandas' Food
C.A New Threat Faced by the Pandas D.Efforts Made to Save Pandas
C
From July to October every year, about a quarter of the world's blue whales feed in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. But the whales currently face a major threat in their favorite feeding area. Ships carrying cargo (货物) sail in the same area at the same time. All too often, the whales' paths and the ships' travel lines overlap(部分重叠), and a ship will hit a whale.
According to a new study, these ship strikes have become a serious threat to the overall population of the world's blue whales. Only about 10,000 of the creatures still exist worldwide. Blue whales are the largest known animals ever to live on Earth. Even so, if hit by a container ship, a blue whale will likely die from its injuries.
In 2007 alone, large ships killed five blue whales in the waters of San Francisco and Los Angeles, California. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says that because there are so few whales already, losing three to five from the California whale population every year is a significant loss. "The estimated population of blue whales in this part of the Pacific is 2,500," says Sean Hastings, an analyst of NOAA. "So every whale counts toward this species moving off the endangered-species list."
Now, marine scientists must figure out how to protect the whales from the giant container ships. One very simple program is already underway in the Santa Barbara Channel, a waterway that separates mainland California from the nearby Channel Islands.
The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary has asked large container ships passing through the area to voluntarily slow down. Sailing slower will allow the ships' crew (船员) more time to change course before hitting a whale.
Several of the world's largest shipping lines are set to participate in the new program. For every ship that passes through the Santa Barbara Channel at or below the reduced speed of 12 knots, the company that owns the ship will be paid $2,500.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A.People intend to illegally hunt blue whales for money.
B.Large ships often carrying goods may pollute the sea.
C.The container ships may hit the blue whales frequently.
D.There is fewer fish in blue whales' favorite feeding area.
2.Why is the death of several whales regarded as a significant loss to the world's blue whales
A.Because the number of the blue whales is so small.
B.Because other blue whales will be scared away.
C.Because blue whales are the largest animals in the world.
D.Because many blue whales get killed throughout the year.
3.According to Sean Hastings, it can be inferred that ________.
A.the number of the blue whales is decreasing sharply
B.the blue whales are still on the endangered species list
C.most of the world's blue whales live in the Pacific Ocean
D.blue whales are often disturbed by other endangered creatures
4.What are the last three paragraphs mainly about
A.The basic responsibility of a sailor. B.Measures to protect the blue whales.
C.The world's largest shipping lines. D.Ways to slow down the speed of the ships.
D
In the far corner of the front yard of a large house in Florida rests an RV—Recreational Vehicle (活动房屋式旅游车), shaded by trees as clothing on a nearby line sways (摇动) in the breeze. In this RV, the National Geographic explorer Thomas Culhane lives with his wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without depending on electricity supply.
Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s, when he went into the basement of his apartment building in Los Angeles and pulled out the plug that delivered electricity. Even earlier though, he was first inspired by sustainable living during a trip in 1970 to visit his relatives. He was eight years old and worried that his stay in their small village was going to be miserable because his relatives told him they had no air conditioning or electricity—but they had plenty of fresh fruits from orchards (果园) and lots of cold drinks chilled by the icy stream from the ice caps of the nearby mountain. "That was amazing," says Culhane.
He met Enas when she was living in an ecovillage in Portugal. Enas said she liked the feeling of being low impact, and being harmless to the earth. Culhane was attracted and fell in love with her. The couple got married, living on the same property that they currently have. They moved into their first home together—an RV which they immediately took completely off-grid.
Inside their RV, Culhane and Enas have hot showers, a working gas stove, a refrigerator, a washing machine and a big screen TV. They use gas created by their on-site biodigesters(生物煮解器) to cook on a gas-powered stove. They also use energy created by the biodigesters to heat their bath water. They feed the biodigesters using their own food waste—at no additional cost to the earth.
Sometimes on weekends, the RV is turned into a classroom. The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier and teach them how to respect and coexist (共存) peacefully with the environment.
1.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2
A.Add some background information. B.Summarize the previous paragraph.
C.Provide some advice for the readers. D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.
2.What attracted Culhane most when he first met Enas
A.Her marriage property. B.Their common life belief.
C.The beauty of her ecovillage. D.Her experience of exploration.
3.What do the biodigesters produce
A.Food waste. B.The additional cost.
C.Greenhouse gases. D.Alternative (可供替代的) energy.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.An RV Classroom B.Living off the Grid
C.Getting Close to Nature D.Protecting the Environment
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you're deciding how to plant a tree, the most important considerations are choosing the right tree and placing it in the right spot. Trees vary widely in their needs for space, light, moisture and soil conditions. When you've chosen a tree, you'll need to prepare your site for planting.
Dig a hole a foot deep and twice as wide as the root ball of the new tree. Loosen the soil at the bottom and sides of the hole. ①_________
Gently remove the tree from the container. ②_________ Build soil up and around the roots if necessary, so the tree can be at the same soil level as it was originally grown.
③_________ Before you begin backfilling (回填) the hole, have someone view the tree from several directions to confirm that the tree is straight. Once you begin backfilling the hole, it is difficult to reposition(改变位置) the tree.
Backfill the hole with existing soil. At this time you can also add fertilizer (肥料) such as bone meal or any other fertilizer. Then water the tree.
Caring for the tree once it is planted is an important step. It needs watering regularly. When the soil below the surface of the covering becomes dry, it's time to water it. ④_________ Continue until mid-autumn, when the tree needs less water.
Spring and autumn are generally the best time to plant a tree. ⑤_________ In areas without cold winters, trees may be planted during the winter. In northern climates, spring planting gives the tree more time to get established before the harsh winter.
A. Straighten the tree in the hole.
B. Then guide the tree into the hole carefully.
C. Make a note of your goals for planting a tree.
D. Planting a tree is big investment.
E. In this way roots will be able to easily enter the soil.
F. You will probably need to water it at least once a week.
G. This gives the tree time to adjust before the hot or the cold season arrives.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
By the time I was 12, my family had owned many types of pets—a rabbit, countless fish, frogs, and even birds. But I always 1 a puppy. So when I returned from sleep-away camp in sixth grade and was 2 by a little dog named Tyler, it was quite possibly the 3 day of my life.
A couple of years went by and Tyler was the picture of perfect 4 , until we came home from a family vacation to find him acting unlike his 5 happy self. He had no 6 in playing or eating, and he was losing tons of hair and weight.
Filled with 7 , we rushed him to the doctor's to run tests. A terrible tumor (肿瘤) was found between his heart and lungs. Every doctor we spoke to 8 he should be put to sleep. We were told that 9 we tried to treat his cancer, he would only live another two to three years.
However, we decided not to give up this little 10 thing. An operation was performed on him and his health was 11 improving, but we still couldn't 12 what the doctors had told us: "Only two to three years..." So with that in mind, we 13 him like a prince. We loved him like no puppy had 14 been loved before—at least in our minds.
Tyler is turning 11 years old this year. The only 15 doctors have offered to us is that he is still alive because of the strong tie he has with my family.
1.A.longed for B.searched for C.cared about D.talked about
2.A.hated B.welcomed C.frightened D.stopped
3.A.rarest B.saddest C.busiest D.happiest
4.A.honesty B.bravery C.health D.strength
5.A.common B.true C.ordinary D.usual
6.A.trouble B.interest C.fun D.choice
7.A.pity B.surprise C.doubt D.worry
8.A.suggested B.realized C.ordered D.admitted
9.A.in case B.now that C.even if D.as long as
10.A.hopeless B.cute C.sleepy D.lonely
11.A.frequently B.suddenly C.properly D.successfully
12.A.forget B.stand C.understand D.learn
13.A.respected B.treated C.educated D.accepted
14.A.never B.already C.ever D.still
15.A.explanation B.instruction C.introduction D.translation
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
Here ①________(be) some common green truths that have been shown to be only half true, or even ②________ (complete) false.
First, paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones. In fact, both kinds of bags are bad ③________ the environment. Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, ④________ mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic ⑤________ (break) down. However, making a paper bag uses four ⑥________ (time) as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
Second, when you turn off a device, it stops using power. Electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it ⑦________ (turn) off. So we should remove the plug from its power supply.
Third, eating local food is good for the environment. In fact, ⑧________ is the production of food that uses most of the energy. In some cases, local produce might have used ⑨________ (much) energy than produce grown a long way away even taking into account its transport.
Fourth, it's better to take a shower than a bath. Actually, if you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it's worth ⑩________ (check) common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假如你是李华, 在地球日前夕, 请你以"地球—我们共同的家园"为题, 向某英语网站提供一份倡议书, 倡议大家厉行节约、保护环境。内容包括:
1.节约与环保的关系;
2.举例说明, 中学生该如何厉行节约;
3.倡导环保的优良传统。
注意: 1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（满分25分）
阅读下列材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I've had the pleasure and good fortune to live and work in several countries as an ESL (English as a Second Language) teacher. During one assignment(分派的任务), I lived in Prague in the Czech Republic. I often took weekend trips to nearby cities to explore the countryside.
On a weekend, I took a three-hour bus ride to visit a city with a fine castle(城堡) and wonderful museums. Before I got off the bus, I checked the schedule in order to come back to the station timely; I was only planning a day trip and did not intend to stay overnight.
After a wonderful day seeing the sights, I had a brief dinner and had plenty of time to walk the half mile to catch the 6:15 bus. When I got there, no one was in line for the bus to Prague. Finally, I discovered the last bus for the day had left at 5:15.
This was a serious problem. About a month earlier, my pocket was picked and I lost about 1,000 dollars. To avoid having the same thing happen again, I only carried enough cash to cover my expenses for the day. I certainly did not have enough money to stay in a hotel- But with no transportation to Prague and being a positive person, I decided to try asking.
I first found the Youth Hotel, but it was completely full. Setting aside 5 crowns for the bus fare, I had 9 crowns to spend. Every hotel I tried to check into charged 22 to 25 crowns, until I had only one more recommendation. If it was too expensive, I'd have to spend the night on a park bench, an uncomfortable idea for someone almost 60 years old.
The hotel looked much nicer than I expected. It would surely cost more than 9 crowns. The desk clerk spoke some English, so I told her my story.
The clerk listened carefully, and then asked me to wait.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I was deeply moved by the manager's kindness and generosity.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3.ADD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段中Calling Italy's level of food waste unacceptable, Agriculture Minister Maurizio Martina told the newspaper La Repubblica, "With this law, we get closer and closer to the aim of recovering a million tons of food and giving it to those who need it."(农业部长Maurizio Martina称意大利的食物浪费水平令人无法接受,他对《共和报》说:“有了这项法律,我们离收回100万吨食物并将其提供给有需要的人的目标越来越近。”)可知,Maurizio Martina认为意大利的粮食浪费的现象很严重。故选A项。文中说明了意大利食物浪费的严重性,但没有和欧洲的其他国家以及美国进行对比,故B项和D项不选,C项在文中无相关信息。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词前提及的数据以及下文"More surprisingly, most of the waste food is completely healthy food that could have helped feed poor families," the Agriculture Department says.(农业部说:“更令人惊讶的是,大部分被浪费的食物都是完全健康的食物,这些食物本可以帮助养活贫困家庭。”)可推断,此处的"appalling"应是“令人震惊的”的意思。故选D项。A项“有趣的”,B项“令人兴奋的”和C项“鼓舞人心的”均不符合题意。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知哈佛食品法律和政策诊所研究发现,45%的食物浪费发生在家里,因为购买者对日期标签的重要性感到困惑——这没有任何科学依据,也不受政府的控制。由此可推断,一些消费者不知道食物有效期也是造成浪费的重要原因。故选D项。A项“大部分食物浪费发生在餐馆”与文意不符;B项“一些购买者没有养成节约食物的习惯”在文中没有相关信息;C项“控制食品浪费是政府的责任”的表述过于片面,故不选。
B.答案：1-4.CBDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,秦岭濒危的大熊猫可能面临一个新的威胁:失去它们的食物——竹子,竹子是组成它们99%的食物的来源。由此推断出秦岭的大部分竹子也许会遭遇灭顶之灾,可能会消失。故选C。A项与C项意思相反,故不选A,B项“秦岭的熊猫只受到失去食物的威胁”的表述与文章第一段中"a new threat"的说法不符,故不选B。第一段提到竹子组成这里熊猫99%的食物来源,与D项的表述不一致,故不选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段He added, "This is how much... what is happening around the world."得知Liu Jianguo 补充说即使各个国家都遵守他们在《巴黎协定》中的承诺,到2100年,全球气温仍然会升高3.5度。由此可推断出,Liu Jianguo认为控制温度上升很难,故选B。A、C、D在Liu Jianguo的谈话中没有提及。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中There are about 260 pandas in the Qinling Mountains. That is about 13% of the China's wild panda population.可知秦岭上有260只熊猫,占中国野生熊猫总数的13%。因此,中国野生熊猫的总数是:260除以13%,得2,000,故选D。
4.主旨大意题。首段点明文章主题,重点讲述了秦岭大熊猫的食物来源——竹子受到威胁。这对于大熊猫的生存来说是一个新的威胁。所以“大熊猫面临的新威胁”为最佳标题。故选C。A项“竹子的消失”,B项“改变熊猫食物的必要性”和D项“解救熊猫所作出的努力”均不能概括主旨。
C.答案：1-4.CABB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中All too often, the whales' paths and the ships' travel lines overlap(部分重叠), and a ship will hit a whale.可知,货船经常会撞到蓝鲸。A项“人们想要非法捕获蓝鲸来赚钱”,B项“经常运载货物的大型船只可能会污染海洋”和D项“在蓝鲸最喜欢觅食的区域,鱼更少了”,在文中均未提及,故不选。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中...because there are so few whales already, losing three to five from the California whale population every year is a significant loss.可知,因为蓝鲸的数量很少,因此失去3到5头就是重大的损失。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段中So every whale counts toward this species moving off the endangered-species list.可知,蓝鲸在濒临灭绝的物种名单上。A、C、D在Sean Hastings的谈话中没有提及,故不选。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后三段中每一段的第一句可推知,最后三段讲的是为保护蓝鲸采取的措施,故选B,A项“海员的基本责任”,C项“世界上最大的航运公司”和D项“减慢船速的方法”在后三段均有提及,不能概括后三段的主旨,故不选。
D.答案：1-4.ABDB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,Culhane在20世纪90年代末开始过着不用电的生活,当时他住在洛杉矶公寓楼的地下室,拔掉了供电插头。故本段主要介绍了Culhane的一次探亲之行启发了他过不用电的生活方式,即为他的环保生活提供了一些背景信息,故选A项。B项“总结上一段”,C项“为读者提供一些建议”和D项“引入一个新的话题进行讨论”均不符合题意。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中Enas said she liked the feeling of being low impact, and being harmless to the earth. Culhane was attracted and fell in love with her.可知,Enas说她喜欢那种对地球影响小、无害的感觉。Culhane被她吸引并爱上了她。再根据文章的内容可知,他们俩都喜欢这种不用电网的生活。由此可推断出,当Culhane第一次见到Enas的时候,吸引他的是他们共同的生活理念,故选B项。A项“她的婚姻财产”,C项“她的生态村的美丽”和D项“她的探险经历”均不符合题意。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中They use gas created by their on-site biodigesters(生物煮解器) to cook... at no additional cost to the earth.可知,他们使用生物煮解器产生的气体在燃气炉上做饭。他们还利用生物煮解器产生的能源来加热洗澡水。他们用生物煮解器分解自己的食物垃圾产生能源,而不增加对地球的负担。由此可推断出,生物煮解器可产生替代能源,故选D项。A项“食物废物”,B项“追加的费用”和C项“温室气体”均不符合题意。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段最后一句中的the National Geographic explorer Thomas Culhane lives with his wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without depending on electricity supply,第二段第一句中Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s,和最后一段中The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier等可知,本文主要叙述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇喜欢完全不用电网,住在活动房屋式旅游车中的自给自足的生活。综合全文可知,"Living off the Grid"贯穿全文,故选B项 A项“一间RV教室”只在最后一段中提到,C项“接近自然”和D项“保护环境”涵盖的范围过大,不适合用作本文的题目。
第二节
答案：EBAFG
解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了植树要选择合适的时间与合适的地点,如何植树和如何养护树,包括挖坑、种植、填土、管理、浇水等。还提到春天和秋天通常是最佳的植树时间的原因。
①空格前一句提到要疏松树坑底部和四周的土壤,设空处说明这么做的结果:这样树根就能容易地扎进土壤,故E项符合语境。
②根据文章整体内容可知,此处是讲植树的步骤。本空承接上句,轻轻地把树拿出来之后要小心地放入树坑,故选B项。
③空格后面的内容提到在回填之前,让人从各个方向看,确保树是直的,故此处应选A项,表示把树在树坑里放直。
④本空承接上文,空格前提到要定期浇水并说明了什么时候浇水,F项意思是“你可能需要每周至少浇水一次”符合语境。
⑤空格前一句提到春季和秋季通常是最好的植树时间,本空解释原因:这给了树在炎热或寒冷的季节到来之前适应的时间,G项符合语境。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5.ABDCD; 6-10.BDACB; 11-15.DABCA
解析：1.考查动词短语。根据设空处所在句的上下文可知,虽然有很多的宠物,但是作者还是希望有一只小狗。long for渴望;search for寻找;care about关心,在乎;talk about谈论。故正确答案为A。
2.考查动词。根据语境,是一只小狗(用叫声)欢迎作者。hate厌恶;welcome欢迎;frighten使害怕;stop停止。故正确答案为B。
3.考查形容词的最高级。根据语境,实现了拥有小狗的愿望当然是最幸福的日子了。rarest最稀有的;saddest最难过的;busiest最繁忙的;happiest最高兴的。故正确答案为D。
4.考查名词。根据后文可知小狗的健康出现了问题,所以此处是说小狗是健康的。honesty诚实;bravery勇敢;health健康;strength力量。故正确答案为C。
5.考查形容词。句意:……直到我们从一次家庭度假回来才发现它表现得不像往常那样快乐。common常见的;true真实的;ordinary普通的;usual通常的。故正确答案为D。
6.考查名词。句意:它对玩和吃没有兴趣,掉了很多毛,体重也下降了很多。trouble麻烦;interest兴趣;fun乐趣;choice选择。故正确答案为B。
7.考查名词。根据后文we rushed him to the doctor's to run tests(我们赶紧把它送到医生那里做检查)可见作者一家是非常担心的。pity遗憾;surprise惊讶;doubt怀疑;worry担心。故正确答案为D。
8.考查动词。因为在心脏和肺部之间有一个肿瘤,所以医生建议让它无痛苦地死去。suggest建议;realize意识到;order命令;admit承认。故正确答案为A。
9.考查短语。句意:我们被告知,即使我们试图治疗它的癌症,它也就只能再活两到三年了。in case以防,万一;now that既然;even if即使;as long as只要。故正确答案为C。
10.考查形容词。句意:然而,我们决定不要放弃这个可爱的小东西。hopeless无望的;cute可爱的;sleepy困乏的;lonely孤独的。故正确答案为B。
11.考查副词。小狗进行了一次手术,健康成功地得到改善。frequently频繁地;suddenly突然地;properly合适地;successfully成功地。故正确答案为D。
12.考查动词。句意:……但是我们仍然不能忘记医生告诉我们的话……。forget忘记;stand站;understand理解;learn学习。故正确答案为A。
13.考查动词。句意:考虑到那一点,我们像对待王子一样对待它。respect尊敬;treat对待;educate教育;accept接受。故正确答案为B。
14.考查副词。句意:我们爱它就像以前从来没有狗这样被爱过一样……。never从来不;already已经;ever曾经;still仍然。故正确答案为C。
15.考查名词。句意:医生给我们的唯一解释是,它还活着就是因为它和我的家人有着牢固的联系。explanation解释;instruction指示;introduction介绍;translation翻译。故正确答案为A。
第二节
答案：are; completely; for; which; to break; times; is turned; it; more; checking
解析：①考查主谓一致。句意:有一些常见的环保真理被证明只有一半正确,或者甚至是完全错误。本句主语truths为复数,故本空应用are。
②考查副词。句意参考上题。本空修饰形容词false,故应用副词completely“完全地”。
③考查介词。句意:事实上,两种袋子都对环境有害。be bad for意为“对……有害”,故本空应用介词for。
④考查非限制性定语从句。句意:塑料袋造成垃圾并且对把它们错当成食物的野生动物来说是一种威胁。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰名词animals,且在从句中作主语,指物,故应用关系代词which。
⑤考查不定式。句意:塑料分解需要几百年的时间。本句中It为形式主语,故本空应用不定式作真正的主语。
⑥考查名词复数。设空处前有基数词four, time意为“倍”时,为可数名词,故应用其复数形式。
⑦考查时态及语态。分析句子可知本句阐述的是一般事实,故应用一般现在时,且it和turn off之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。
⑧考查强调句型。句意:事实上,消耗大部分能源的是食品生产。本句为强调句型,故本空应用it。
⑨考查比较级。句意:在某些情况下,即使把运输考虑进去,当地的农产品消耗的能源也可能比种植在很远地方的农产品还要多。根据空后than可知本空应用比较级形式。
⑩考查动名词。be worth doing意为“做某事是值得的”,故本空应用动名词形式。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
The Earth—Our Common Home
To build a beautiful home, we should save our natural resources.
First of all, saving is very important because natural resources in our world may run out one day. Meanwhile, saving can avoid producing waste, which will make our homeland more beautiful. As students, we should make our contributions. For example, we can recycle our textbooks or use both sides of our exercise books. In this way, more trees will be saved.
Let's make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment. Your cooperation will be much appreciated.
第二节
答案：
The clerk listened carefully, and then asked me to wait. A woman came out and introduced herself in very good English. She was the hotel manager and asked what she could do to help me. Again I told my story and made an offer. I promised if I could stay overnight, I would give her 9 crowns and mail the rest to her the next day. She said I was welcome to stay, and that she would accept what I had in my pocket as the total payment for a room. Then she added, "If you need some money for dinner, I will be happy to give you some of my own so that you can have a proper meal!"
I was deeply moved by the manager's kindness and generosity. I could barely manage to express my deepest gratitude. As a result, I spent the night in a clean and tastefully decorated room, rather than a cold, hard park bench. As soon as I got back to Prague, I wrote the manager a note of thanks for her thoughtfulness. She reminded me that kindness and unselfishness are international characteristics. It has been the most wonderful trip for me so far!
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Italy adopted a new law to cut down food waste—the second such law in Europe, joining France's. So what's the United States doing with the 30 percent of its food that is simply thrown away Italy's Senate gave final approval (批准) to encourage businesses, shops and restaurants to donate their unused food to charities. That's a practice that historically hasn't been a part of Italian culture. Italy discards more than 17 percent of its food every year.
Calling Italy's level of food waste unacceptable, Agriculture Minister Maurizio Martina told the newspaper La Repubblica, "With this law, we get closer and closer to the aim of recovering a million tons of food and giving it to those who need it." The U. S. Agriculture Department's Economic Research Service says that more than 30 percent of the U. S. food supply is wasted—133 billion pounds of it every year, equal to $161 billion. "In a world full of hunger and changeable food prices, these statistics(统计数字) are more than just appalling," according to the North American office of the U.N. Environment Program. "More surprisingly, most of the waste food is completely healthy food that could have helped feed poor families," the Agriculture Department says.
Several efforts are under way in some departments. The Agriculture Department and the Environmental Protection Agency, for example, set a goal last year of cutting what they called "food loss" in half by 2030. The idea is to improve product development, storage, marketing and cooking methods and recycle food waste to feed animals.
Meanwhile, legislation(立法) in both houses of Congress aims at reducing food waste and pays more attention to educating buyers on what different labels (标签) really mean so that they don't throw away perfectly good food. Research by the Harvard Food Law and Policy Clinic found that 45 percent of all food waste happens in the home, for buyers, confusion over the importance of date labels—which aren't based on any science and aren't controlled by the government.
1.What does Maurizio Martina think of Italy's level of food waste
A.It has become very serious.
B.It is not as serious as America's.
C.It has been successfully controlled in recent years.
D.It is the most serious among all European countries.
2.What does the underlined word "appalling" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A.Interesting. B.Exciting. C.Encouraging. D.Shocking.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Most food waste happens in restaurants.
B.Some buyers don't get into the habit of saving food.
C.It is the government's duty to control the food waste.
D.Some buyers don't realize the importance of the date labels.
B
The endangered pandas in the Qinling Mountains might face a new threat: the loss of their food— bamboo, which makes up 99% of their meals.
Adult pandas spend most part of the day eating bamboo and have to take in at least 40 pounds a day to stay healthy. However, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may soon find their food gone because most of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains might disappear by the end of the century as a result of rising temperature worldwide,
A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied the effects of climate change on the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains. They have found that bamboo is very sensitive to climate change. "80% to 100% of the bamboo would be gone if the average temperature increases 3.5 degrees worldwide by the end of the century, said Liu Jianguo, one of the report's authors.
He added, "This is how much the temperature would rise by 2100 even if all countries will keep their promises in The Paris Agreement. But you know what is happening around the world."
In recent years, China has been trying its best to protect the endangered pandas by setting up more and bigger nature reserves.
"But it is far from being enough and the endangered pandas need cooperation from the rest of the world, because their future is not just in the hands of the Chinese," said Shirley Martin from the World Wildlife Fund but not a member of the team.
There are about 260 pandas in the Qinling Mountains. That is about 13% of the China's wild panda population. In addition, about 375 are living in research centers and zoos in China.
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A.The Qinling Mountains can provide enough bamboo for the pandas.
B.Pandas in the Qinling Mountains are only threatened by the loss of food.
C.Lots of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains will probably disappear.
D.Pandas have already eaten 99% of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains.
2.What does Liu Jianguo mean
A.China needs more help from the World Wildlife Fund.
B.It is difficult to control the temperature rise within 3.5℃.
C.Bamboo is sensitive to changes in temperature.
D.China is making great efforts to protect the pandas.
3.How many wild pandas are there in China
A.About 260. B.About 635. C.About 2,635. D.About 2,000.
4.Which can be the best title for the text
A.The Disappearance of Bamboo B.Necessity to Change Pandas' Food
C.A New Threat Faced by the Pandas D.Efforts Made to Save Pandas
C
From July to October every year, about a quarter of the world's blue whales feed in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. But the whales currently face a major threat in their favorite feeding area. Ships carrying cargo (货物) sail in the same area at the same time. All too often, the whales' paths and the ships' travel lines overlap(部分重叠), and a ship will hit a whale.
According to a new study, these ship strikes have become a serious threat to the overall population of the world's blue whales. Only about 10,000 of the creatures still exist worldwide. Blue whales are the largest known animals ever to live on Earth. Even so, if hit by a container ship, a blue whale will likely die from its injuries.
In 2007 alone, large ships killed five blue whales in the waters of San Francisco and Los Angeles, California. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says that because there are so few whales already, losing three to five from the California whale population every year is a significant loss. "The estimated population of blue whales in this part of the Pacific is 2,500," says Sean Hastings, an analyst of NOAA. "So every whale counts toward this species moving off the endangered-species list."
Now, marine scientists must figure out how to protect the whales from the giant container ships. One very simple program is already underway in the Santa Barbara Channel, a waterway that separates mainland California from the nearby Channel Islands.
The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary has asked large container ships passing through the area to voluntarily slow down. Sailing slower will allow the ships' crew (船员) more time to change course before hitting a whale.
Several of the world's largest shipping lines are set to participate in the new program. For every ship that passes through the Santa Barbara Channel at or below the reduced speed of 12 knots, the company that owns the ship will be paid $2,500.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A.People intend to illegally hunt blue whales for money.
B.Large ships often carrying goods may pollute the sea.
C.The container ships may hit the blue whales frequently.
D.There is fewer fish in blue whales' favorite feeding area.
2.Why is the death of several whales regarded as a significant loss to the world's blue whales
A.Because the number of the blue whales is so small.
B.Because other blue whales will be scared away.
C.Because blue whales are the largest animals in the world.
D.Because many blue whales get killed throughout the year.
3.According to Sean Hastings, it can be inferred that ________.
A.the number of the blue whales is decreasing sharply
B.the blue whales are still on the endangered species list
C.most of the world's blue whales live in the Pacific Ocean
D.blue whales are often disturbed by other endangered creatures
4.What are the last three paragraphs mainly about
A.The basic responsibility of a sailor. B.Measures to protect the blue whales.
C.The world's largest shipping lines. D.Ways to slow down the speed of the ships.
D
In the far corner of the front yard of a large house in Florida rests an RV—Recreational Vehicle (活动房屋式旅游车), shaded by trees as clothing on a nearby line sways (摇动) in the breeze. In this RV, the National Geographic explorer Thomas Culhane lives with his wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without depending on electricity supply.
Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s, when he went into the basement of his apartment building in Los Angeles and pulled out the plug that delivered electricity. Even earlier though, he was first inspired by sustainable living during a trip in 1970 to visit his relatives. He was eight years old and worried that his stay in their small village was going to be miserable because his relatives told him they had no air conditioning or electricity—but they had plenty of fresh fruits from orchards (果园) and lots of cold drinks chilled by the icy stream from the ice caps of the nearby mountain. "That was amazing," says Culhane.
He met Enas when she was living in an ecovillage in Portugal. Enas said she liked the feeling of being low impact, and being harmless to the earth. Culhane was attracted and fell in love with her. The couple got married, living on the same property that they currently have. They moved into their first home together—an RV which they immediately took completely off-grid.
Inside their RV, Culhane and Enas have hot showers, a working gas stove, a refrigerator, a washing machine and a big screen TV. They use gas created by their on-site biodigesters(生物煮解器) to cook on a gas-powered stove. They also use energy created by the biodigesters to heat their bath water. They feed the biodigesters using their own food waste—at no additional cost to the earth.
Sometimes on weekends, the RV is turned into a classroom. The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier and teach them how to respect and coexist (共存) peacefully with the environment.
1.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2
A.Add some background information. B.Summarize the previous paragraph.
C.Provide some advice for the readers. D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.
2.What attracted Culhane most when he first met Enas
A.Her marriage property. B.Their common life belief.
C.The beauty of her ecovillage. D.Her experience of exploration.
3.What do the biodigesters produce
A.Food waste. B.The additional cost.
C.Greenhouse gases. D.Alternative (可供替代的) energy.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.An RV Classroom B.Living off the Grid
C.Getting Close to Nature D.Protecting the Environment
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you're deciding how to plant a tree, the most important considerations are choosing the right tree and placing it in the right spot. Trees vary widely in their needs for space, light, moisture and soil conditions. When you've chosen a tree, you'll need to prepare your site for planting.
Dig a hole a foot deep and twice as wide as the root ball of the new tree. Loosen the soil at the bottom and sides of the hole. ①_________
Gently remove the tree from the container. ②_________ Build soil up and around the roots if necessary, so the tree can be at the same soil level as it was originally grown.
③_________ Before you begin backfilling (回填) the hole, have someone view the tree from several directions to confirm that the tree is straight. Once you begin backfilling the hole, it is difficult to reposition(改变位置) the tree.
Backfill the hole with existing soil. At this time you can also add fertilizer (肥料) such as bone meal or any other fertilizer. Then water the tree.
Caring for the tree once it is planted is an important step. It needs watering regularly. When the soil below the surface of the covering becomes dry, it's time to water it. ④_________ Continue until mid-autumn, when the tree needs less water.
Spring and autumn are generally the best time to plant a tree. ⑤_________ In areas without cold winters, trees may be planted during the winter. In northern climates, spring planting gives the tree more time to get established before the harsh winter.
A. Straighten the tree in the hole.
B. Then guide the tree into the hole carefully.
C. Make a note of your goals for planting a tree.
D. Planting a tree is big investment.
E. In this way roots will be able to easily enter the soil.
F. You will probably need to water it at least once a week.
G. This gives the tree time to adjust before the hot or the cold season arrives.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
By the time I was 12, my family had owned many types of pets—a rabbit, countless fish, frogs, and even birds. But I always 1 a puppy. So when I returned from sleep-away camp in sixth grade and was 2 by a little dog named Tyler, it was quite possibly the 3 day of my life.
A couple of years went by and Tyler was the picture of perfect 4 , until we came home from a family vacation to find him acting unlike his 5 happy self. He had no 6 in playing or eating, and he was losing tons of hair and weight.
Filled with 7 , we rushed him to the doctor's to run tests. A terrible tumor (肿瘤) was found between his heart and lungs. Every doctor we spoke to 8 he should be put to sleep. We were told that 9 we tried to treat his cancer, he would only live another two to three years.
However, we decided not to give up this little 10 thing. An operation was performed on him and his health was 11 improving, but we still couldn't 12 what the doctors had told us: "Only two to three years..." So with that in mind, we 13 him like a prince. We loved him like no puppy had 14 been loved before—at least in our minds.
Tyler is turning 11 years old this year. The only 15 doctors have offered to us is that he is still alive because of the strong tie he has with my family.
1.A.longed for B.searched for C.cared about D.talked about
2.A.hated B.welcomed C.frightened D.stopped
3.A.rarest B.saddest C.busiest D.happiest
4.A.honesty B.bravery C.health D.strength
5.A.common B.true C.ordinary D.usual
6.A.trouble B.interest C.fun D.choice
7.A.pity B.surprise C.doubt D.worry
8.A.suggested B.realized C.ordered D.admitted
9.A.in case B.now that C.even if D.as long as
10.A.hopeless B.cute C.sleepy D.lonely
11.A.frequently B.suddenly C.properly D.successfully
12.A.forget B.stand C.understand D.learn
13.A.respected B.treated C.educated D.accepted
14.A.never B.already C.ever D.still
15.A.explanation B.instruction C.introduction D.translation
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
Here ①________(be) some common green truths that have been shown to be only half true, or even ②________ (complete) false.
First, paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones. In fact, both kinds of bags are bad ③________ the environment. Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, ④________ mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic ⑤________ (break) down. However, making a paper bag uses four ⑥________ (time) as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
Second, when you turn off a device, it stops using power. Electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it ⑦________ (turn) off. So we should remove the plug from its power supply.
Third, eating local food is good for the environment. In fact, ⑧________ is the production of food that uses most of the energy. In some cases, local produce might have used ⑨________ (much) energy than produce grown a long way away even taking into account its transport.
Fourth, it's better to take a shower than a bath. Actually, if you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it's worth ⑩________ (check) common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假如你是李华, 在地球日前夕, 请你以"地球—我们共同的家园"为题, 向某英语网站提供一份倡议书, 倡议大家厉行节约、保护环境。内容包括:
1.节约与环保的关系;
2.举例说明, 中学生该如何厉行节约;
3.倡导环保的优良传统。
注意: 1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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（满分25分）
阅读下列材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I've had the pleasure and good fortune to live and work in several countries as an ESL (English as a Second Language) teacher. During one assignment(分派的任务), I lived in Prague in the Czech Republic. I often took weekend trips to nearby cities to explore the countryside.
On a weekend, I took a three-hour bus ride to visit a city with a fine castle(城堡) and wonderful museums. Before I got off the bus, I checked the schedule in order to come back to the station timely; I was only planning a day trip and did not intend to stay overnight.
After a wonderful day seeing the sights, I had a brief dinner and had plenty of time to walk the half mile to catch the 6:15 bus. When I got there, no one was in line for the bus to Prague. Finally, I discovered the last bus for the day had left at 5:15.
This was a serious problem. About a month earlier, my pocket was picked and I lost about 1,000 dollars. To avoid having the same thing happen again, I only carried enough cash to cover my expenses for the day. I certainly did not have enough money to stay in a hotel- But with no transportation to Prague and being a positive person, I decided to try asking.
I first found the Youth Hotel, but it was completely full. Setting aside 5 crowns for the bus fare, I had 9 crowns to spend. Every hotel I tried to check into charged 22 to 25 crowns, until I had only one more recommendation. If it was too expensive, I'd have to spend the night on a park bench, an uncomfortable idea for someone almost 60 years old.
The hotel looked much nicer than I expected. It would surely cost more than 9 crowns. The desk clerk spoke some English, so I told her my story.
The clerk listened carefully, and then asked me to wait.
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I was deeply moved by the manager's kindness and generosity.
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答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3.ADD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段中Calling Italy's level of food waste unacceptable, Agriculture Minister Maurizio Martina told the newspaper La Repubblica, "With this law, we get closer and closer to the aim of recovering a million tons of food and giving it to those who need it."(农业部长Maurizio Martina称意大利的食物浪费水平令人无法接受,他对《共和报》说:“有了这项法律,我们离收回100万吨食物并将其提供给有需要的人的目标越来越近。”)可知,Maurizio Martina认为意大利的粮食浪费的现象很严重。故选A项。文中说明了意大利食物浪费的严重性,但没有和欧洲的其他国家以及美国进行对比,故B项和D项不选,C项在文中无相关信息。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词前提及的数据以及下文"More surprisingly, most of the waste food is completely healthy food that could have helped feed poor families," the Agriculture Department says.(农业部说:“更令人惊讶的是,大部分被浪费的食物都是完全健康的食物,这些食物本可以帮助养活贫困家庭。”)可推断,此处的"appalling"应是“令人震惊的”的意思。故选D项。A项“有趣的”,B项“令人兴奋的”和C项“鼓舞人心的”均不符合题意。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知哈佛食品法律和政策诊所研究发现,45%的食物浪费发生在家里,因为购买者对日期标签的重要性感到困惑——这没有任何科学依据,也不受政府的控制。由此可推断,一些消费者不知道食物有效期也是造成浪费的重要原因。故选D项。A项“大部分食物浪费发生在餐馆”与文意不符;B项“一些购买者没有养成节约食物的习惯”在文中没有相关信息;C项“控制食品浪费是政府的责任”的表述过于片面,故不选。
B.答案：1-4.CBDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,秦岭濒危的大熊猫可能面临一个新的威胁:失去它们的食物——竹子,竹子是组成它们99%的食物的来源。由此推断出秦岭的大部分竹子也许会遭遇灭顶之灾,可能会消失。故选C。A项与C项意思相反,故不选A,B项“秦岭的熊猫只受到失去食物的威胁”的表述与文章第一段中"a new threat"的说法不符,故不选B。第一段提到竹子组成这里熊猫99%的食物来源,与D项的表述不一致,故不选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段He added, "This is how much... what is happening around the world."得知Liu Jianguo 补充说即使各个国家都遵守他们在《巴黎协定》中的承诺,到2100年,全球气温仍然会升高3.5度。由此可推断出,Liu Jianguo认为控制温度上升很难,故选B。A、C、D在Liu Jianguo的谈话中没有提及。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中There are about 260 pandas in the Qinling Mountains. That is about 13% of the China's wild panda population.可知秦岭上有260只熊猫,占中国野生熊猫总数的13%。因此,中国野生熊猫的总数是:260除以13%,得2,000,故选D。
4.主旨大意题。首段点明文章主题,重点讲述了秦岭大熊猫的食物来源——竹子受到威胁。这对于大熊猫的生存来说是一个新的威胁。所以“大熊猫面临的新威胁”为最佳标题。故选C。A项“竹子的消失”,B项“改变熊猫食物的必要性”和D项“解救熊猫所作出的努力”均不能概括主旨。
C.答案：1-4.CABB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中All too often, the whales' paths and the ships' travel lines overlap(部分重叠), and a ship will hit a whale.可知,货船经常会撞到蓝鲸。A项“人们想要非法捕获蓝鲸来赚钱”,B项“经常运载货物的大型船只可能会污染海洋”和D项“在蓝鲸最喜欢觅食的区域,鱼更少了”,在文中均未提及,故不选。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中...because there are so few whales already, losing three to five from the California whale population every year is a significant loss.可知,因为蓝鲸的数量很少,因此失去3到5头就是重大的损失。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段中So every whale counts toward this species moving off the endangered-species list.可知,蓝鲸在濒临灭绝的物种名单上。A、C、D在Sean Hastings的谈话中没有提及,故不选。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后三段中每一段的第一句可推知,最后三段讲的是为保护蓝鲸采取的措施,故选B,A项“海员的基本责任”,C项“世界上最大的航运公司”和D项“减慢船速的方法”在后三段均有提及,不能概括后三段的主旨,故不选。
D.答案：1-4.ABDB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,Culhane在20世纪90年代末开始过着不用电的生活,当时他住在洛杉矶公寓楼的地下室,拔掉了供电插头。故本段主要介绍了Culhane的一次探亲之行启发了他过不用电的生活方式,即为他的环保生活提供了一些背景信息,故选A项。B项“总结上一段”,C项“为读者提供一些建议”和D项“引入一个新的话题进行讨论”均不符合题意。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中Enas said she liked the feeling of being low impact, and being harmless to the earth. Culhane was attracted and fell in love with her.可知,Enas说她喜欢那种对地球影响小、无害的感觉。Culhane被她吸引并爱上了她。再根据文章的内容可知,他们俩都喜欢这种不用电网的生活。由此可推断出,当Culhane第一次见到Enas的时候,吸引他的是他们共同的生活理念,故选B项。A项“她的婚姻财产”,C项“她的生态村的美丽”和D项“她的探险经历”均不符合题意。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中They use gas created by their on-site biodigesters(生物煮解器) to cook... at no additional cost to the earth.可知,他们使用生物煮解器产生的气体在燃气炉上做饭。他们还利用生物煮解器产生的能源来加热洗澡水。他们用生物煮解器分解自己的食物垃圾产生能源,而不增加对地球的负担。由此可推断出,生物煮解器可产生替代能源,故选D项。A项“食物废物”,B项“追加的费用”和C项“温室气体”均不符合题意。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段最后一句中的the National Geographic explorer Thomas Culhane lives with his wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without depending on electricity supply,第二段第一句中Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s,和最后一段中The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier等可知,本文主要叙述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇喜欢完全不用电网,住在活动房屋式旅游车中的自给自足的生活。综合全文可知,"Living off the Grid"贯穿全文,故选B项 A项“一间RV教室”只在最后一段中提到,C项“接近自然”和D项“保护环境”涵盖的范围过大,不适合用作本文的题目。
第二节
答案：EBAFG
解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了植树要选择合适的时间与合适的地点,如何植树和如何养护树,包括挖坑、种植、填土、管理、浇水等。还提到春天和秋天通常是最佳的植树时间的原因。
①空格前一句提到要疏松树坑底部和四周的土壤,设空处说明这么做的结果:这样树根就能容易地扎进土壤,故E项符合语境。
②根据文章整体内容可知,此处是讲植树的步骤。本空承接上句,轻轻地把树拿出来之后要小心地放入树坑,故选B项。
③空格后面的内容提到在回填之前,让人从各个方向看,确保树是直的,故此处应选A项,表示把树在树坑里放直。
④本空承接上文,空格前提到要定期浇水并说明了什么时候浇水,F项意思是“你可能需要每周至少浇水一次”符合语境。
⑤空格前一句提到春季和秋季通常是最好的植树时间,本空解释原因:这给了树在炎热或寒冷的季节到来之前适应的时间,G项符合语境。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5.ABDCD; 6-10.BDACB; 11-15.DABCA
解析：1.考查动词短语。根据设空处所在句的上下文可知,虽然有很多的宠物,但是作者还是希望有一只小狗。long for渴望;search for寻找;care about关心,在乎;talk about谈论。故正确答案为A。
2.考查动词。根据语境,是一只小狗(用叫声)欢迎作者。hate厌恶;welcome欢迎;frighten使害怕;stop停止。故正确答案为B。
3.考查形容词的最高级。根据语境,实现了拥有小狗的愿望当然是最幸福的日子了。rarest最稀有的;saddest最难过的;busiest最繁忙的;happiest最高兴的。故正确答案为D。
4.考查名词。根据后文可知小狗的健康出现了问题,所以此处是说小狗是健康的。honesty诚实;bravery勇敢;health健康;strength力量。故正确答案为C。
5.考查形容词。句意:……直到我们从一次家庭度假回来才发现它表现得不像往常那样快乐。common常见的;true真实的;ordinary普通的;usual通常的。故正确答案为D。
6.考查名词。句意:它对玩和吃没有兴趣,掉了很多毛,体重也下降了很多。trouble麻烦;interest兴趣;fun乐趣;choice选择。故正确答案为B。
7.考查名词。根据后文we rushed him to the doctor's to run tests(我们赶紧把它送到医生那里做检查)可见作者一家是非常担心的。pity遗憾;surprise惊讶;doubt怀疑;worry担心。故正确答案为D。
8.考查动词。因为在心脏和肺部之间有一个肿瘤,所以医生建议让它无痛苦地死去。suggest建议;realize意识到;order命令;admit承认。故正确答案为A。
9.考查短语。句意:我们被告知,即使我们试图治疗它的癌症,它也就只能再活两到三年了。in case以防,万一;now that既然;even if即使;as long as只要。故正确答案为C。
10.考查形容词。句意:然而,我们决定不要放弃这个可爱的小东西。hopeless无望的;cute可爱的;sleepy困乏的;lonely孤独的。故正确答案为B。
11.考查副词。小狗进行了一次手术,健康成功地得到改善。frequently频繁地;suddenly突然地;properly合适地;successfully成功地。故正确答案为D。
12.考查动词。句意:……但是我们仍然不能忘记医生告诉我们的话……。forget忘记;stand站;understand理解;learn学习。故正确答案为A。
13.考查动词。句意:考虑到那一点,我们像对待王子一样对待它。respect尊敬;treat对待;educate教育;accept接受。故正确答案为B。
14.考查副词。句意:我们爱它就像以前从来没有狗这样被爱过一样……。never从来不;already已经;ever曾经;still仍然。故正确答案为C。
15.考查名词。句意:医生给我们的唯一解释是,它还活着就是因为它和我的家人有着牢固的联系。explanation解释;instruction指示;introduction介绍;translation翻译。故正确答案为A。
第二节
答案：are; completely; for; which; to break; times; is turned; it; more; checking
解析：①考查主谓一致。句意:有一些常见的环保真理被证明只有一半正确,或者甚至是完全错误。本句主语truths为复数,故本空应用are。
②考查副词。句意参考上题。本空修饰形容词false,故应用副词completely“完全地”。
③考查介词。句意:事实上,两种袋子都对环境有害。be bad for意为“对……有害”,故本空应用介词for。
④考查非限制性定语从句。句意:塑料袋造成垃圾并且对把它们错当成食物的野生动物来说是一种威胁。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰名词animals,且在从句中作主语,指物,故应用关系代词which。
⑤考查不定式。句意:塑料分解需要几百年的时间。本句中It为形式主语,故本空应用不定式作真正的主语。
⑥考查名词复数。设空处前有基数词four, time意为“倍”时,为可数名词,故应用其复数形式。
⑦考查时态及语态。分析句子可知本句阐述的是一般事实,故应用一般现在时,且it和turn off之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。
⑧考查强调句型。句意:事实上,消耗大部分能源的是食品生产。本句为强调句型,故本空应用it。
⑨考查比较级。句意:在某些情况下,即使把运输考虑进去,当地的农产品消耗的能源也可能比种植在很远地方的农产品还要多。根据空后than可知本空应用比较级形式。
⑩考查动名词。be worth doing意为“做某事是值得的”,故本空应用动名词形式。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
The Earth—Our Common Home
To build a beautiful home, we should save our natural resources.
First of all, saving is very important because natural resources in our world may run out one day. Meanwhile, saving can avoid producing waste, which will make our homeland more beautiful. As students, we should make our contributions. For example, we can recycle our textbooks or use both sides of our exercise books. In this way, more trees will be saved.
Let's make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment. Your cooperation will be much appreciated.
第二节
答案：
The clerk listened carefully, and then asked me to wait. A woman came out and introduced herself in very good English. She was the hotel manager and asked what she could do to help me. Again I told my story and made an offer. I promised if I could stay overnight, I would give her 9 crowns and mail the rest to her the next day. She said I was welcome to stay, and that she would accept what I had in my pocket as the total payment for a room. Then she added, "If you need some money for dinner, I will be happy to give you some of my own so that you can have a proper meal!"
I was deeply moved by the manager's kindness and generosity. I could barely manage to express my deepest gratitude. As a result, I spent the night in a clean and tastefully decorated room, rather than a cold, hard park bench. As soon as I got back to Prague, I wrote the manager a note of thanks for her thoughtfulness. She reminded me that kindness and unselfishness are international characteristics. It has been the most wonderful trip for me so far!