北京市首都师范大学附属回龙观育新学校2022届高三上学期10月检测英语试题（Word版缺答案，无听力试题）

北京市首都师范大学附属回龙观育新学校2022届高三上学期10月检测
英语试题
第一部分:知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题:每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931. he had no way of knowing that his life was to change 1_. The class experiment that day was to 2 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling(冒泡) to the surface Anyway, the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 3 __ held something more volatile (易挥发的)than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 4_, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe (灾难)that had_5 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as6He learned braille (盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became (an) __ 7__ public speaker.
Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 8_ for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.
Wilson received several interational9 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a vision. He proved that it's not what happens to us that10 our lives -- it's what we make of what happens.
1、A.continually B.gradually C. completely D.gratefully
2、 A.direct B.show C.advance D.declare
3、A. mistakenly B. casually C.amazingly D.embarrassedly
4、A.broke B. exploded C.emptied D.exposed
5、A. contributed to B. cared for C. impressed on D. happened to
6、A. remarkable B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic
7、A. successful B.ordinary C. specific D.regular
8、A. deafness B. depression C. speechlessness D.blindness
9、A.scholarships B.rewards C. awards D.bonuses
10、A.claims B. distinguishes C. determines D. limits
第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5分,共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写】个适当的单词，
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
A clay pig_11_ (find) in Lianhe Ruins in Sichun province in 2019. t is estimated to be about 3,000 years old12. makes this finding unusual is its adorable appearance. The clay pig looks exactly like the green pig from The Angry Birds movie. _13 (it) cute image has left the Chinese netizen surprised and delighted, with many people joking that The Angry Birds character has traveled back in time to prehistoric days. The topic _14__ (attract) 400 million views and 290,000 discussions since the pig was discovered.
B
When I decided to return to school at age thirty-five, I wasn't at all worried about my ability15(do) the work. After all, I was a grown woman who had raised a family, not a confused teenager fresh out of high school. But when I started classes, I realized that those “confused teenagers" sitting around me were in much16 _(good) shape for collage than I was. They still had all their classroom skills in bright, shiny condition, _17mine had grown rusty (生锈的)from disuse. I had to learn many things from the beginning.
c
When the clock strikes 2:30 in the afternoon, how do you usually feel if you often feel tired and sleepy around this time, you're not alone! This tiredness,18(know) as the 2:30. feeling.is caused by your body's natural cycle. Most people feel a big decrease 19 energy in the early afternoon and at night. During these times, your body temperature goes down. A chemical20causes you to feel tired is also released as your temperature lowers.
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共15 小题;每小题2分，共 30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Arbeia Roman Fort (城景) and Museum
Location and History
Arbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrian's Wall. lt was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage (遗产) Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian's Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.
The Reconstructions
The reconstructions of the Commanding Office's house and soldiers’ quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officer's house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.
The Museum
Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools. jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones(墓碑) which survive to this day. There is a "hands-on” area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器). or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this ancient Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.
Opening Times and Getting There April 1-October 31:
Monday to Saturday 10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm. November 1-March31
Monday to Saturday 11:00am-4:00pm, closed Sunday. (Closed Decemher 25-26 and January 1)
Entry is free.
Arbeia is only a ten-minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby Website:
www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia
21. According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort__________
A. was related to the military B. got reconstructions around AD 160
C. was built in a small area in Rome D. provided a comfortable life for soldiers
22. What can visitors do in the museum
A. See historical objects. B. Build tombstones for the dead.
C. Write to ancient Romans. D.Try using old tools and weapons.
23. What time does Arbeia Roman Fort close
A. On April 1. B.On October 31. C.On November 1. D.On December 26.
B
Learning to say “yes, and"
When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect opportunity to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.
During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and." it means that, as improvisers, we'd better accept what fellow performers say. lf someone says that rhinos(犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say“yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.
The first few scenes were hard. but as weeks turned into months, i became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn't grow out of the information I'd presented. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the "yes, and approach-accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it
The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real. keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell-one that isn't behaving as expected.
I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. lf the data say rhinos are librarians, then it's worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn't to challenge data that support a preconceived (先入为主的) story, but to say "yes, and."
24. Why did the author attend the improvisation class
A. To get a different experience. B. To finish her Ph.D.a university.
C.To give up her job as a science communicator.
D.To improve her speaking and communicating ability.
25.What was the author's change after attending the improvisation class
A. She formed her own idea quickly
B.She came up with lots of creative responses.
C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.
D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.
26. The author mentions applying the "yes, and" approach to her scientific experiments to _..-.
A. explain the process of using the method
B. prove the benefits of the improvisation class
C. share her own research experiences with readers
D. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class
27. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph
A. They should attend the improvisation class.
B. They should question all preconceived ideas.
C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.
D. They should try to improve thcir professional knowledge
C
Success and Risk in Extreme Sports
What is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety
of the sidelines
Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions. But others have a much higher tolerance for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that "the high element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself". He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more
Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline (肾上腺素) rushes as a behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook's appetite for risk appeared at a young age. "I was a gymnast," she said. "I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down." As she started doing harder tricks she was drawn to the challenge. "There are moments when you're up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world."
Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. "To me, that just seems like the height of risk," he said. "But to them it was the next step in an activity that they've
prepared for years." Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes' view, they have a lot of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize risk."
Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as "the flow", a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present"Something that makes you try doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what you're doing." Murphy says. "After it's over. there's great excitement."
People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme. "l can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around because that's my skill level," Murphy says. "But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”
28. By using the term “natural ceiling" in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that_______
A. extreme athletes must learn special skills
B. extreme athletes have chances to take risks
C. many pcople don't want to do extreme sports
D. many people can't limit desire for extreme sports
29.What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions
A. They put in lots of preparation for challenges
B. They are more fortunate than other sportspeople
C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges
D. They have special reasons that others can't easily understand
30. What main point is made in Paragraph 5
A. Extreme athletes use techniques other people don't use
B. Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports
C. Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.
D.A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely
31. We can learn from the passage that_______
A. risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoid
B. those who take risks are more likely to be successful in life
C. extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others
D. taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think
D
Round and Round They Go
Space is booming more crowded. Quite a few low-Earth-orbit ( EO) satellites have been
launched into the sky, which are designed to move around the Earth only a few hundred kilometers above its surface. SpaceX and One Web plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit (轨道) by 2027.
That promises to change things on Earth. LEO satellites can bring internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable. This will also be a source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in2016 to more than $1.1 trillion by 2040. New Internet satellites will account for half this increase.
For that to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris (碎片) is the most familiar concern. When enough satellites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision (碰撞) could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all spaceships. One solution is to grab the satellites with problems and pull them down into the Earth's atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more closely for dcbris. But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.
Cyber (网络的)-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers (黑客) could take control of a satellite and steal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the world's population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify. Measures will surely be taken to protect network security
The third issue follows from the first two. lf there is a simple mistake or a cyber-attack, it may cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment. Who is responsible for that Now the plans of firms wishing to operate large numbers of satellites are being studied. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced.
As space becomes more commercialized, mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to other small planets. passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop.
32. What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage
A. They are supposed to limit the space economy
B. They are expected to increase in large numbers.
C. They are designed to move beyond the Earth as far as possible.
D. They are mainly intended to bring Internet connectivity to remote areas
33. To deal with debris in space, the author suggests________
A. depending entirely on the modern technology
B. monitoring the movement of spaceships carefully
C. strengthening rules to remove old satellites safely
D. destroying all the satellites with problems instantly
34. What does the underlined word "intensify" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Measure. B.Increase C.Spread D. Repeat.
35. What is the author's attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites
A. It should be further confirmed for its ownership
B. It should be continued because of its advantages.
C. It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks
D. it should be stopped in face of the space economy
第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Our Amazing Hands
The hand is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes and to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes the human race unique. But without hands, all the ideas we think up would come to nothing
36 Study it carefully, you will find something interesting. The thumb (拇指) alone is
controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves(神经).The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible.___37
Early hands seemed more unusual and interesting than any hand today. Some animals hac seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertcbrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers. 38
Nevertheless, there are still many different types of hands in living animals. After years of research scientists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子的) changes in hands 39 This makes the hands of different animals very similar. There is a network of many genes (基因) that builds a hand, and all hands are built on that network.
The discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the development of hands. A bird's wing and a lion's paw (爪) may appear to have nothing in common. ___40__ lt may just be a litie more of one protein (蛋白) here, a little less of another there. In the past, scientists could recognize only the outward signs that hands had developed from a common ancestor. Today scientists are uncovering the inward signs as well.
Hands can often be used for a number of different purposes
B. They also see that all hands start out in much the same way
It has kept that number for reasons scientists don't yet know.
D.No one would doubt that the five fingers are different with each other.
E. But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form.
F.The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure.
G. So you can see a skilled watchmaker use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope.
第三部分:书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题:第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Shared Services Need More Imagination
Suppose you need to drill a hole in the wall to hang an item but do not own a power drill. You may regard it as expensive to buy a power drill and consider renting one. Sharing is the solution. The sharing industry is an emerging. highly flexible economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee.
The important idea of the sharing industry is that people might only need an item for a relatively short period. The private part of shared services has been moving towards this area since the beginning of the 1980s, and then the public part has taken note of the benefits and continued for best practice. The United States and Australia among others have had shared services in government since the late 1990s.
With the rise of the sharing industry, the best-known shared bikes and shared cars have got a lot of public attention. This kind of transportation is so environmentally-friendly that it is increasit popular among people in many cities.
Of course shared services don't need to be limited to machines. The real pay-off in shared services probably lies in renting out smaller, less heavy items. For example, in today's casual environment, you don't need a tie unless you're going to a wedding or a job interview. So some companies, would let you pick up a tie when you needed it and only when you needed it. Another example is an umbrella-sharing service. Since visitors don't want to be carrying umbrellas all the way, it would be cheaper and easier to simply borrow an umbrella on one street corner and drop it off on another.
Recently organizations that have centralized their IT functions have begun to take a close look at the technology services that their IT departments provide for customers, evaluating where it makes sense to provide technology components. E-mail and scanning (扫描) operations were obvious early candidates. Many organizations are now offering their document-intensive operations as a shared service. There is no doubt that people are calling for the expansion of shared services to more and more areas40.What is the sharing industry
41. Why does shared transportation receive attention from people
42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Shared services are getting increasingly popular for their convenience, but there are still calls for expansion to wider areas because they are currently restricted to machines
43.Please provide another example of shared services and explain your reason. (about 40 words)
第二节(20 分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为了减少舌尖上的浪费，你校英语俱乐部拟举办有关“爱惜食物，从我做起”的英语演讲活动。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括:
1.食物浪费的现象及危害;
2.你爱惜食物的做法;
3.你的倡议。
注意:1.词数不少于 80;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone
That's all Thank you for listening.
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)