Unit 2 A life’s work
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元的学习，了解不同的人、不同的工作的故事，加深学生对各种手艺的了解，培养学生对于尊重人一生工作、热爱工作的能力。
语言能力目标 核心单词 pose, grocery, store, fascination, fashion, uncomplicated, celebrity, anthropologist, trial, eraftsmanship. acclaim, shun, harsh, prosperous, precious, restoration, workplace, intricate, maximum, painstaking, melody, polish, bark, exaggeration, metaphor, nonetheless, preserve, apt, timeless,sedately, modest, esay, dominate, arehitecture, ambitious, associate, analysis, comprise
重点词块 back down, nothing more than, the cutting edge （of sth.）, think outside the bos, beak new ground, compare... to.., pay attention to, belong to, regardless of, focused on, pass away, by trial and error, contribute to, raise one’s awareness of, play a role in, dedieate to, regard... as..…date back to, range from... to..., wind up, come back to life, pass on... to..…, vary from... to...
单元语法 识别并正确运用表语从句（Predicative clauses）
写作能力 利用本单元所学的语言知识、技能和策略，能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的说明文。
背景导学
NEW YORK-Gordon Parks, who experienced the struggles and victories of black America as a photographer for Life magazine and then became Hollywood’s first major black director with “The Learning Tree” and the hit “Shaft”, died Tuesday, his family said.
Parks, who also wrote fiction and was a gifted composer, died at his home in New York, according to a former wife, and a nephew Charles Parks.
“Nothing came easy,” Parks wrote in his autobiography（自传）.“I was just born with a need to explore every tool shop of my mind, and with long searching and hard work, I became devoted to my restlessness. ”
He covered everything from fashion to politics to sports at Life from 1948 to 1968.
But as a photographer, he was perhaps best known for his photo essays on the effects of poverty in the United States and abroad and on the spirit of the civil rights movement.
He went through a series of jobs as a teen and young man, including the piano player and railroad dining car waiter. The breakthrough came when he was about 25, when he bought a used camera in a pawnshop （当铺） for ＄7.50. He became a freelance （自由职业的） fashion photographer, went on to Vogue magazine and then to Life in 1948.
“Reflecting now, I realize that, even within the limits of my childhood vision, I was on a search for pride, meanwhile taking measurable glimpses of how certain blacks, who suffered from racism, were against it,” he wrote.
When he accepted an award from Wichita State University in May 1991, he said it was “another step forward in my making peace with Kansas and Kansas making peace with me.”
1.Which of the following jobs did Gordon Parks not do
A. A photographer.B. A director.
C. A composer.D. A politician.
答案：D
2.What can you infer from the passage
A. Parks thought not everything was easy.
B. Parks was later fond of exploring every person.
C. Parks worked for Life for 20 years.
D. Parks married only once.
答案：C
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
见学用22页
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 Life Behind the Lens A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York, always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes. If you saw him, you’d never think there was anything remarkable about him. And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man. This ordinary-looking man was Bill Cunningham, one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years. What made Cunningham so great It certainly wasn’t the use of expensive, technologically-advanced equipment. Cunningham always used simple, relatively cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York, not in a studio. Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections. Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan. He found inspiration where others could not, in simple, everyday scenes, such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store, or a woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway. These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential. Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone-fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands. Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day, regardless of the weather. He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos. He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick. This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos. This is what makes them so special. Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated. He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom. A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee. Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer. He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun. “Money’s the cheapest thing,” he once said, then added: “…freedom is the most expensive.” This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft, enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style. Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life. He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness. Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted. His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer-he was a “cultural anthropologist”, who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star-and this was how he wanted it. 教材译文 镜头背后的人生 一位白发老人总是穿着同样的蓝色工装夹克和样式简单的黑色跑鞋，骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约街头穿梭。如果你看到他，你永远不会觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一位成员都只想为这个人摆姿势。 这位看起来普普通通的人就是比尔·坎宁安，美国近五十年来最重要的摄影师之一。 是什么使得坎宁安享有如此盛誉？当然不是因为他使用了昂贵和技术先进的设备。坎宁安总是使用简单、相对便宜的相机，在纽约的街道拍他所有的照片，而不是在摄影棚中。也不是通过广泛的接触和联系。虽然他一直知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。他能在一些简单的日常场景中找到其他人无法找到的灵感，比如一个在当地杂货店买橘子的男人，或是一个乘坐画满涂鸦的地铁回家的女人。这些东西是真实的，正是在它们的真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。他通过自己迷恋人们穿着什么，而不是他们是谁，他向所有人打开了时尚的大门——在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。 此外，坎宁安的伟大之处在于他对摄影的热爱精神，以及他在工作中投入的长时间的纯粹的努力工作。不管天会如何，坎宁安每天都会走上纽约的街头。甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面, 直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。他几乎从未休过一天假，也从未因病待在家中。我们看到从他的照片中表现出这种奉献和努力。这就是使得这些照片如此与众不同的原因。 虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。他住在一间与其他人共用浴室的小公寓里。他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。 作为时尚摄影师，坎宁安从未接受过这个职业带给他的好处。他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所收买，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。而且如果他去参加名人聚会，他是去工作而不是玩乐。“钱是最不值钱的东西，”他曾说，接着补充“……自由是最昂贵的。”对自身利益和升迁毫不关注，这使坎宁安专注于自己的技能，能够捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。 坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。他的辛勤工作使他不仅仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。比尔·坎宁安是一位观察者，而不是一位被观察者，是一名劳动者而不是一个明星——而这正是他想要的。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. fascination /'f s 'ne n/n.着迷，迷恋→ fascinate /'f s ne t/v.深深吸引；迷住→ fascinated /'f s ne t d/adj.入迷的；极感兴趣的→ fascinating /'f s ne t /adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
2. fashion /'f n/n.时尚→ fashionable /'f n bl/adj.流行的；时髦的
3. uncomplicated / n’k mpl ke t d/adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的→ complicated /'k mpl ke t d/adj.难懂的，复杂的
4. anthropologist /' nθr 'p l d st/n.人类学家→ anthropology /' nθr 'p l d /n.人类学
5. equipment / 'kw pm nt/n.器材；设备→ equip / 'kw p/ v.配备；装备
6. inspire / n’spa r/vt.启迪, 赋予灵感；激励, 鼓舞→ inspired / n’spa d/adj.受到启发的→ inspiring / n’spa r /adj.鼓舞人心的→ inspiration /' nsp 're n/n.灵感；激励
7. devotion /d 'v n/ n.奉献；忠诚；专心→ devote /d 'v t/vt. 献出, 付出；专心于→ devoted /d 'v t d/adj.挚爱的；忠诚的
8. benefit /'ben f t/vt.&vi.使受益；得益于 n.益处；救济金；奖金→ beneficial /'ben 'f l/adj.有益的, 有帮助的
9. promote /pr 'm t/vt.推广, 宣传；促销；促进, 推动→ promotion /pr 'm n/n.促进；晋升；促销活动
10. observe / b’z : v/vt.庆祝, 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论→ observer / b’z : v r/n.观察者→ observation /' bz 've n/n.观察；监视
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.仅仅；只不过 nothing more than
2.为……摆好姿势；为……摆造型 pose for
3.大范围的 a wide range of
4.时髦的聚会；时尚派对 fashionable parties
5.找到灵感 find inspiration
6.fascination with 对……的着迷
7.pass away 逝世；去世
8.more than 超过；不只
9.reflect within 反映在……中
10.value one’s integrity 珍视某人的正直
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 nothing more than 只不过
教材原句 And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wantednothing more thanto pose for this man. 然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一位成员都只想为这个人摆姿势。
中文例句 如果你想要的只有那个，我可以很容易地记住。
句式仿写 If you desire nothing more than that, I can easily keep it in mind.
2.
句型公式 nor/neither位于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序
教材原句 Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections. 也不是通过广泛的接触和联系。
中文例句 他的父母也对考试结果不满意。
句式仿写 Neither/Nor were his parents satisfied with the result of the exam.
文本互动·合作探究
见学用24页
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
1.What is the main idea of the text
A.Cunningham and his photos.
B.Cunningham’s life as a photographer.
C.How famous photographers work.
D.A person who has passion for his job.
答案：B
Reading for the structure.
1.Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Bill Cunningham
What he was ◆He is one of the most important American 1. photographers . ◆He always took all his pictures using simple, relatively 2. cheap cameras on the streets of New York. ◆He liked to photograph 3. ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
Fashion belief ◆Fashion belongs to the people, not just to 4. high society and big brands. ◆It’s about what people 5. were wearing , and not who they were.
Devotion to photography ◆He would go out onto the streets of New York every day,6. regardless of the weather. ◆He would not come back until he had 7. the right photos and hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.
Life philosophy ◆He lived in a 8. small apartment with a shared washroom and usually had the same meal in a simple restaurant. ◆He never accepted the 9. benefits offered to him. ◆He valued 10. his integrity and would not be bought by anyone.
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Why do people always think Cunningham is unremarkable
A.Because he is too ordinary.
B.Because he likes riding an ordinary bicycle.
C.Because he loves wearing ordinary clothes.
D.Because he always poses for high society.
答案：A
2.What made Cunningham so great a photographer
A.Expensive technologically-advanced equipment.
B.A wide range of contacts and connections.
C.Fashionable parties and events.
D.The inspiration in simple everyday scenes.
答案：D
3.What can we see usually from his photos
A.His approach to life.
B.His devotion and hard work.
C.His apartment and daily food.
D.The benefits offered to him.
答案：B
4.What is Cunningham’s attitude to money
A.The most expensive thing.
B.The most important thing.
C.The cheapest thing.
D.The most valuable thing.
答案：C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.Through his fascination with ① what people were wearing, and not ② who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone-fashion ③ as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
【分析】 第二个逗号前的部分含有介词短语作状语，其中介词with后面是 what 和 who 引导的两个并列的宾语从句。as he saw it为 方式 状语从句。
【译文】 他通过自己迷恋人们穿着什么，而不是这些人是谁，向所有人打开了时尚的大门——在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
2.His hard work made him ① more than a fashion photographer —he was a “cultural anthropologist”, ② who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century .
【分析】 “—”前画线部分是名词短语作宾语补足语。“—”后是主从复合句，其中 who 引导定语从句修饰先行词 anthropologist。
【译文】 他的辛勤工作使他不仅仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.Who was Bill Cunningham
Bill Cunningham was one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.
2.What made Cunningham so great
He opened the doors of fashion to everyone.
3.What did he think of fashion
Fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
4.How did Cunningham treat his work
What made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
5.What was Cunningham’s life like
Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated.
6.What was special about Cunningham
His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer-he was a “cultural anthropologist”, who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
将上述句子转换句式（不能使用课文原句）。
1.使用定语从句改写第一、二句。
Bill Cunningham, who was one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years, brought fashion to ordinary people.
2.将第三句中状语从句改为介词短语。
In his opinion fashion belonged to high society and big brands as well as the ordinary people.
3.使用表语从句和非谓语动词改写第四句。
What made Cunningham great was that he was dedicated to photography, putting most of his life time into his work.
4.使用live a…life改写第五句。
Cunningham lived a simple life.
5.使用强调句改写第六句。
We can thank the great person for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. It was his hard work that made him a fashion photographer and a cultural anthropologist.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Bill Cunningham, who was one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years, brought fashion to ordinary people. Because in his opinion fashion belonged to high society and big brands as well as the ordinary people.
What made Cunningham great was that he was dedicated to photography, putting most of his life time into his work. Meanwhile, he lived a simple life. We can thank the great person for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. It was his hard work that made him a fashion photographer and a cultural anthropologist.
新知清障·素养构建
见学用25页
核心词汇
1. pose v.（使）摆好姿势；招摇；炫耀
And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man. （教材P14）然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一位成员都只想给这个人摆姿势。
典例翻译
①The model was posing for the photographer carefully.
这位模特儿正认真地为这位摄影师摆着姿势。
②The thief posed as a chimney sweeper to enter the house.
小偷冒充烟囱清扫工人进了房子。
③I saw him out posing in his new sports car.
我看见他开着他的崭新跑车招摇过市。
④The task poses no special threat.
这项任务不会造成特别的威胁。
归纳拓展
为……摆好姿势 pose for
冒充；假扮 pose as
pose a question 提出一个问题
构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险 pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk
学以致用
（1）赏句猜义
①The delegates posed for a group photograph. 摆好姿势
②The thief entered the building posing as a workman. 冒充
③The document poses a common problems. 造成（威胁、问题等）
（2）单句写作
④你已经提出了一个难题。
You have posed a difficult question.
2. fascination n.着迷, 迷恋
Through his fascination with what people were wearing and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone-fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands. （教材P15）他通过自己迷恋人们穿着什么，而不是这些人是谁，向所有人打开了时尚的大门——在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
典例翻译
①The students were fascinated by his story.
学生们都对他的故事极感兴趣。
②Old castles have a certain strange fascination for me.
旧城堡对我具有某种奇特的吸引力。
③It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.
这是一个从他是一个小男孩时就使他着迷的问题。
④The girls listened in fascination.
女孩们入迷地听着。
归纳拓展
对某人有吸引力；使某人着迷 hold/have a fascination for sb.
入迷地 in fascination
使某人着迷；深深吸引某人 fascinate sb.
fascinated adj. 极感兴趣的；入迷的
对……极感兴趣 be fascinated by
be fascinated to do sth. 痴迷于做某事
学以致用
单句填空
①The children were fascinated （fascinate）by the toys in the shop window.
②People were fascinated to （fascinate）know the private lives of movie stars.
③He holds a fascination （fascinate）for submarines.
④The children watched, fascinated （fascinate）, as the picture began to appear.
3. uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated. （教材P15）虽然坎宁安是世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式并不复杂。
典例翻译
①This uncomplicated life is really worth praising.
这种简单的生活确实值得称赞。
②You are good at solving problems in a practical, uncomplicated manner.
你擅长以实际而不复杂的方式解决问题。
③He is an easygoing, uncomplicated young man.
他是一个随和、率真的男青年。
④The environment is a complicated system, so we should show respect for nature.
环境是复杂的系统，所以我们应该尊重大自然。
归纳拓展
一个单纯的人 an uncomplicated man
一种简朴的生活 an uncomplicated life
complicated adj.复杂的，结构复杂的
一个复杂的系统 a complicated system
一项复杂的任务 a complicated task
学以致用
单句写作
①尝试着使你的生活保持简单不复杂。
Try keeping your life simple and uncomplicated.
②这小说就你的年龄来说太复杂了。
The novel is too complicated for your age.
③我为什么不能过一种简朴的生活？
Why can’t I have an uncomplicated life
4. nothing more than 仅仅，只不过
And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man. （教材 P14）然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一位成员都只想为这个人摆姿势。
典例翻译
①Lucille’s home was very grandly called a chateau, though in truth it was nothing more than a large farm.
露西尔的家美其名曰称为城堡，尽管实际上跟一个大农场没什么区别。
②Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colors.
一些人可能认为花园只是植物，花朵，图案和大量的颜色。
③He is more kind than wise.
与其说他聪明，不如说他善良。
④Jack is not more diligent than John.
杰克不如约翰勤奋。
归纳拓展
more than（+数词）多于，超过；（+名词）不仅仅；（+形容词）非常，很
仅仅，不过 no more than
和……一样不…… no more…than…
不超过；至多；不比……更…… not more（…）than
与其……倒不如…… more…than… （强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征的对比，more和than后接形容词、副词的原级，名词或介词短语等）
除了（相当于but或except） other than
rather than 而不是
other than 除了
注意
more than和more…than…与can/could连用时有否定意义，意为“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”。
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①杰克和约翰都不勤奋。
Jack is no more diligent than John.
②你是否付出艰苦努力以取得成功，而不是只在做白日梦？
Do you work hard for success rather than daydream about it
③这张表格只能由你本人签字。
The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself .
（2）单句写作
④然而，他的访问最终涉及的远不止这些。（2020新高考Ⅰ）
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that.
重点句型
1. 否定词nor/neither位于句首引起部分倒装
Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections. （教材P14）也不是通过广泛的接触和联系。
典例翻译
①She couldn’t work out the problem and nor/neither could I.
她解决不了这个问题，我也不能。
②He never went again; nor did he write to apologize.
他再也没去，也没有写信道歉。
③I don’t know about his secrets and nor do I want to.
我不知道他的秘密，我也不想知道。
④—She speaks French very well.
—So she does.
——她法语说得很好。——她说得确实很好。
归纳拓展
（1）句中否定词nor位于句首引起部分倒装。形式为：“ nor +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+动词+其他”。表示前面的否定情况也适用于另一人或物，可用 neither 替换nor。
（2）若表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物，要用“so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”，表示“……也是这样，也是如此”。
（3）当前句中既有肯定的情况也有否定的情况，两种不同的情况也适用于另一人或物时，或者当前句中有两种不同的谓语动词，两种谓语动词也适用于另一人或物时，则用以下句式： It is the same with sb./sth. 或 So it is with sb./sth.。
误区警示
如果后一句只是单纯地重复前一句的意思，此时主谓不倒装，结构为“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He likes swimming and so do I.
②Tom isn’t good at maths; neither/nor am I.
（2）完成句子
③汤姆聪明且努力学习，玛丽也一样。
Tom is very clever and studies very hard. It is the same with Mary/So it is with Mary .
2. 强调句型
…it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential. （教材P15）……坎宁安是在它们的真实中看到了美和潜力。
典例翻译
①In a word, it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.
总之，礼貌用语会使你的生活变得方便。
②It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution.
直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。
③It was with Helen’s strong will and intelligence, combined with her teacher’s skill and patience that they overcame all the difficulties.
由于海伦坚强的意志和智慧，再加上她的老师的技巧和耐心，他们克服了所有的困难。
④Where is it that you can watch English movies to learn the correct English pronunciation and expressions？
是在哪儿你可以通过看英语电影来学习正确的英语发音和表达？
归纳拓展
（1）强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who +其他部分（若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that）。另外要注意：强调句型不能用来强调谓语动词，对谓语动词的强调一般是在动词前加do, does, did。
（2）强调句的一般疑问句结构为： Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who…
（3）强调句的特殊疑问句结构为： 特殊疑问词 +is/was it+that…
（4）对not…until…结构中的时间状语（从句）进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until +被强调部分+that+其他部分。
学以致用
（1）句型转换
按要求用强调句型强调句中的各个部分。
I met him in the countryside last year.
①（强调主语）
It was I that/who met him in the countryside last year.
②（强调宾语）
It was him that/who I met in the countryside last year.
③（强调地点状语）
It was in the countryside that I met him last year.
④（强调时间状语）
It was last year that I met him in the countryside.
（2）单句写作
⑤是为了中国文化英国朋友才来这里。（2019江苏卷）
It’s the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for.
素养达标·迁移创新
见学用27页
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential （潜力） without putting too much pressure.
2.Throughout the history of fashion （时尚）, when any new trend appears, most people tend to hate it.
3.The newly opened grocery （杂货店） gives you a variety of goods.
4.The fascination （魅力）of the game lies in trying to guess what your opponent is thinking.
5.I’m more than delighted to know that you’re quite interested in ancient Chinese celebrities （名人）.
6.The book is an absolute must-read if you would like an uncomplicated （简单的） method of improving your life.
7.Traveling abroad was limited to rich tourists and wealthy （富有的）business people decades ago.
8.To make his dream come true, he goes to a faraway （遥远的） temple to learn kung fu from a master.
9.A data manager and medical anthropologist （人类学家）will also be arriving over the weekend.
10.The traditional craft （手艺） has been passed down from generation to generation.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
take pictures; focus on; rather than; more than; by trial and error; pose for; regardless of
1.China Daily enjoys great popularity for it is more than a newspaper. It can help improve our English as well.
2.As is known to all, the law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or gender.
3.We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal style.
4.With all your energies focused on the study of French, you will master the language.
5.Not only can you take pictures with your phone, but you can use it to send e-mails and listen to music.
6.The delegates posed for a group photograph. All the participants were happy and excited.
7.Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was 1. （complicate）. He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom. A simple restaurant was 2. he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
Cunningham never accepted the benefits 3. （offer）to him for being a fashion photographer. He valued his integrity and would not 4. （buy）by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun. “Money’s 5. cheapest thing,” he once said, then added:“… 6. （free）is the most expensive.” This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft, 7. （enable）him to capture New York’s unique street style.
Cunningham’s passion 8. photography lasted throughout his life. He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness. Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted. His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer-he was a “cultural anthropologist”, 9. we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and 10. （it）people over half a century. Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star-and this was how he wanted it.
1. uncomplicated 2. where 3. offered 4. be bought 5. the
6. freedom 7. enabling 8. for 9. who/whom 10. its
20Section Ⅱ Using language
（表语从句）
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1. （教材P17）This is what makes them so special.
2. （教材P17）A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
3. （教材P17）The fact was that at the age of eight, he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.
4. （教材P15）This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.
5. （教材P17）The question was when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.
6. （教材P17）What impressed us was how this contributed to the development of Peking Opera.
观察上面句子，并分别写出加黑部分对应的句子结构：
1. what引导表语从句
2. where引导表语从句
3. that引导表语从句
4. what引导表语从句
5. when引导表语从句
6. how引导表语从句
要点精析
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样, 表语从句位于连系动词后, 有时用as if引导。
基本结构为：主语+系动词+引导词+从句。
引导表语从句的词分为连接代词和连接副词。
1. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。
2. 连接副词where, when, how, why在表语从句中充当状语。
3. 主语为it, as if/as though（好像）引导的表语从句常跟在be动词, seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后。
如：This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
引导词 所作成分 例句
that 不作任何成分 The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination. 世界的悲剧就在于有想象力的人缺乏经验, 而有经验的人缺乏想象力。
what/whatever 主语、宾语、表语 Experience is what you get when you don’t get what you want. 经验是当你没得到想得到之物时所得到的东西。
whether 不作任何成分 My question is whether we can raise enough money. 我的问题是我们能否筹集到足够的资金。
when 时间状语 True knowledge is when one knows the limitations of one’s knowledge. 知之为知之, 不知为不知, 是知也。 Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. 幸福就是你的所想、所说和所做的和谐统一。
where 地点状语 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 祸兮, 福之所依; 福兮, 祸之所伏。
how 方式状语 That was how he managed to solve the problem. 那就是他解决问题的方式。
why 原因状语 That is why he tried his best to get in touch with you. 那就是他想办法和你联系的原因。
who/whoever 主语 The question is who will offer to help. 问题是谁愿意主动提供帮助。
which 定语 What concerns parents most is which activity benefits the children most. 家长最关注的是哪种活动对孩子们最有益。
whose 定语 The issue is whose design is popular with most students. 问题是谁的设计受大多数学生的欢迎。
because 不作任何成分 This is because he didn’t attend the class the other day. 这是因为他几天前没有上课。
as if/though 不作任何成分 When put half in the water, the chopstick looks as if it were broken. 放在水中一半时, 这根筷子看起来像是断了一样。
注意：
注意点 例句
引导表语从句的that, 不作任何成分, 但不能省略 What excited me most was that we finished our work ahead of time. 最令我兴奋的是我们提前完成了工作。
表示“是否”时, 用whether不用if My question is whether they will satisfy our demands. 我的问题是他们能否满足我们的要求。
the reason作主语时, 表语从句用that引导, 即the reason is that… The reason why you didn’t pass the driving test was that you hadn’t practiced enough. 你没有拿到驾照的原因是没有进行足够的练习。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等 It seems that he didn’t agree with us. 他似乎不同意我们的看法。
表示命令、请求、建议的词作主语时, 表语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略 My suggestion is that they should make a plan before they start the project. 我的建议是在他们开始这个项目前要制订一个计划。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.The trouble is that I can’t find my way.
2.Without his support, we wouldn’t be where/what we are now.
3.This is what my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
4.By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.
5.He got caught in the heavy traffic. That was why he was late.
6.Energy is what makes things work.
7.We didn’t set out; it was because we wanted to wait until our mother came back.
8.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
9. It sounds as if/though someone is knocking at the door.
10.What cost him his life was that he was too careless.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1.
A
（2020四川乐山高二期中）
Kobe Bryant 1. was killed (kill) in a helicopter crash on Sunday in California, along with his 13-year-old daughter Gianna and seven other people. It is known that the helicopter2. carrying (carry) Kobe and the others crashed into a hilly area in 3. foggy (fog) conditions, and the cause of the crash is still 4. under investigation. Kobe was 5. widely (wide) considered one of the greatest basketball players of his generation during his 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers. After the tragic accident, many 6. celebrities (celebrity) showed their great grief over the 7. loss (lose) of the great basketball player. An officer of NBA Commission said, “Kobe is remembered most for 8. inspiring (inspire) people around the world to pick up a basketball and he will always be.” One of the greatest basketball players of all time-Michael Jordan said Kobe was a chosen one and he would miss those conversations with him very much. Thousands of people gathered to remember the star outside the Staples Center in Los Angeles, 9. where the Los Angeles Lakers played their home games. From then on, the city would not be 10. what it used to be due to the death of the great basketball star.
B
（2020江苏淮安高二期中）
Online shopping addiction is an illness
The Internet has brought with 1. the convenience of shopping at our leisure（闲暇） in the comfort of our own home. However, for many, the appeal of shopping 2. bargains （物美价廉的商品） and treats can turn into an addiction. Experts believe there is a danger that online shopping can develop into a mental illness. 3. (research) from the Hannover Medical School in Germany have termed it “Buying Shopping Disorder” (BSD). They say this condition should 4. (recognize) by the medical profession as an illness and should not 5. (simple) be classed as one of the various “impulse control” disorders. Psychotherapist Dr. Astrid Miller said, “It really is time 6. (accumulate) further knowledge about BSD on the Internet.”
Dr. Miller and her colleagues 7. (conduct) research on data from earlier studies on compulsive shopping. Their research focused on 122 patients 8. sought treatment for BSD. Dr. Miller reported that about five percent of the population may be suffering from BSD. She added younger people are 9. (likely) to develop it and that they experience greater levels of anxiety and depression. People with BSD readily exhibit negative behaviors. These include buying expensive things they don’t need, keeping and never 10. (use) things they order, buying things for instant satisfaction, and ending up in debt. BSD can destroy marriages, relationships and mental health.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.it
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网购成瘾是一种疾病。随着网络的发展, 人们喜欢在网上购买物美价廉的东西。但一些人网购成瘾, 常常在网上购买一些过于昂贵和用处不大的东西, 来获得一时的满足。
考查形式宾语。句意：互联网给我们带来了在我们自己家里舒适休闲购物的便利。介词with后接宾语, 宾语是the convenience of shopping at our leisure（闲暇）in the comfort of our own home, 因为宾语过长, 此处用形式宾语it代替。故填it。
答案：2.for
解析：2.考查介词。句意：然而, 对许多人来说, 为了购买便宜货和美食的吸引力会变成一种瘾。由句意可知, 此处指“为了买便宜货”, 表对象用介词for。故填for。
答案：3.Researchers
解析：3.考查名词的数。此处用名词作主语, 意为“研究者”, 由谓语动词have termed可知, 谓语动词为复数形式, 主语也应是复数形式, 此处用名词复数形式, 首字母大写。故填Researchers。
答案：4.be recognized
解析：4.考查动词语态。分析句子成分可知, 此处是宾语从句的谓语动词, 从句主语this condition和从句谓语recognize是被动关系, 用被动语态, 从句谓语为should be done形式。故填be recognized。
答案：5.simply
解析：5.考查副词。此处用副词simply(简单地)作状语修饰动词短语be classed as。故填simply。
答案：6.to accumulate
解析：6.考查动词不定式。固定句型It is time to do sth. （是做某事的时候了）, 此处用动词不定式(to do)形式。故填to accumulate。
答案：7.conducted
解析：7.考查时态。此处缺少谓语, 由下文的Their research focused on和Dr. Miller reported that…可知, 此研究发生在过去, 用一般过去时。故填conducted。
答案：8.who/that
解析：8.考查定语从句关系词。此处是定语从句, 先行词是122 patients, 指人, 在从句中作主语, 用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
答案：9.more likely
解析：9.考查比较级。由下文的greater可知, 此处用比较级, 表示“更可能”。故填more likely。
答案：10.using
解析：10.考查动名词。谓语include后用动名词(doing)作宾语, 此处用动名词形式与其他动名词短语(如 buying expensive things they don’t need)保持并列。故填using。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. acclaim n. 表扬, 赞赏
He had been working in the United States, where his crack hand at jet propulsion had won him acclaim. （教材P19）
他一直在美国工作, 在那里, 他在喷气推进方面的精湛技艺为他赢得了赞誉。
典例翻译
①Her performance won her much critical acclaim.
她的表演大获评论界赞颂。
②Critical acclaim from people who don’t know what they’re talking about is meaningless.
来自不懂自己在说什么的评论者们的赞扬是没意义的。
③Andy Lau is a highly acclaimed performance artist.
刘德华是深获好评的表演艺术家。
④He was acclaimed as America’s greatest filmmaker.
他被赞誉为美国最伟大的电影制作人。
归纳拓展
受到广泛好评 receive/gain/win wide acclaim
来自……的好评 acclaim from
受到高度/广泛赞扬的演出 a highly/widely acclaimed performance
国际上的/公众的/评论家的赞扬 international/popular/critical acclaim
acclaim v. 给予高度评价; 称赞
被誉为 be acclaimed as
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He is not the only one who won acclaim from the professor.
②The work was acclaimed (acclaim)as a masterpiece.
③His paintings have been widely acclaimed (acclaim).
（2）完成句子
④这位裁判受到广泛好评。
The judge gained wide acclaim .
⑤这部电影深得评论界和公众的赞扬。
The film met with considerable critical and public acclaim .
2. harsh adj. 恶劣的, 艰苦的, 严峻的
The 23 scientists and many more like them overcame harsh conditions and dedicated much of their lives to their work. （教材P19）
23位科学家和更多像他们一样的人克服了恶劣的条件, 把他们一生的大部分时间奉献给了自己的工作。
典例翻译
①The colour is very harsh.
那颜色很刺眼。
②The cloth is harsh to the touch.
这块布料摸上去很粗糙。
③The punishment was too harsh for him.
这种惩罚对他来说太严厉了。
④He is too harsh with the children.
他对孩子太严厉了。
归纳拓展
刺耳 be harsh to the ear
味涩 be harsh to the taste
摸上去粗糙 be harsh to the touch
对……严厉 be harsh with
易混辨析
harsh, rough, rude
这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：
rough 强调言行是粗野的、不温和的。
rude 强调其源于受教育水平差、文化低、不尊重别人。
harsh 侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、刺激性强。
学以致用
完成句子
①那噪声很刺耳。
The noise is harsh to the ear .
②许多粗野的男人都被其妻子教化。
Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.
③怀特先生对他如此无礼, 使我们都感到惊异。
All of us were astonished that Mr. White was so rude to him .
④不要对小孩这样凶。
Don’t be so rough on the child.
3. back down 放弃, 退让, 认输
Spending years apart from his family and enduring the extreme conditions of the Gobi desert, he refused to back down from his responsibilities and kept on conducting scientific research. （教材P19）
多年不与他的家人在一起, 忍受着戈壁沙漠的极端条件, 他拒绝放弃自己的责任, 继续进行科学研究。
典例翻译
①He forced his opponent to back down.
他迫使他的对手让步。
②Don’t back off.
别打退堂鼓。
③He likes sitting in the back of the classroom.
他喜欢坐在教室的后面。
④He backed up his arguments with facts.
他以事实支持自己的论点。
归纳拓展
后退 back away
后面是, 背靠着 back onto
支持; 为……作证 back up
打退堂鼓; 停止威胁 back off
back n. 背, 背部; 后部, 背面
仰卧 lie on one’s back
坐在后面 sit in the back
学以致用
单句填空
①The policeman wouldn’t have believed me if you hadn’t backed me up .
②Back off ! There’s no need to yell at me.
③We chose this house because the garden backs onto the tennis courts.
④The crowd backed away to let the wounded man pass through.
⑤Do you lie on your back or your front
4. think outside the box 不拘一格地思考, 跳出框框思考
Together, they thought outside the box and broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb. （教材P19）
他们一起跳出思维定式, 开辟了新的领域, 促成了氢弹的突破。
典例翻译
①We think highly of their research in this field.
我们对他们在这个领域的研究评价很高。
②Think over and you’ll find out that you are wrong.
仔细想想, 你就会发现你错了。
③What do you think of the poems the teacher recommended to you
你认为老师向你推荐的那些诗怎么样？
④Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
由于陷入沉思, 他几乎撞到面前的车子。
归纳拓展
记起, 想起; 考虑; 想象; 关心 think of
考虑 think about
仔细考虑; 重新考虑 think over
高度评价, 钦佩 think highly of
thought n. 思考; 考虑
认真考虑, 思考 give thought to
一想到……（就） at the thought of
陷入沉思 lost in thought
不假思索; 立即 without a second thought
学以致用
完成句子
①他们立即开除了他。
They fired him without a second thought .
②在旅游时一定要注意保护环境并关心他人。
Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and think of others when/while traveling.
③当一个志愿者生病时, 我接替了她的任务。那些美国学生都很钦佩我。
When a volunteer was ill, I took over the task from her. Those American students thought very highly of me.
重点句型
过去完成进行时
He had been working in the United States, where his crack hand at jet propulsion had won him acclaim. （教材P19）
他一直在美国工作, 在那里, 他在喷气推进方面的精湛技艺为他赢得了赞誉。
典例翻译
①I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
②You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚读了几分钟他就进来了。
④I had been sleeping when my friend telephoned me.
我正在睡觉时, 我的朋友给我打电话。
归纳拓展
（1）表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始, 一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样, 过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
（2）表示延续的动作或状态。
（3）常用于间接引语中。
（4）接具有“突然”之意的when从句。
学以致用
单句填空
①They had only been waiting (wait) for the bus a few moments when it came.
②Recently I found he had been mentioning (mention) your name to me all the time.
③The doctor asked what he had been eating (eat) in the past 3 weeks.
④I asked where they had been staying (stay) all those days.
12Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 Masters of time In the quiet courtyards of Xi San Suo, behind the high walls of the Forbidden City， time ticks at its own pace. If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft, who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques. Among these is the clock restoration master, Wang Jin. Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace, Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum, although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him. Day in, day out,Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years. But for quite some time, he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces in the Palace Museum. Qing emperors were very fond of clocks. Therefore, in order to please them, foreign envoys presented these emperors with the most intricate and splendid timepieces. Today, the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world, mainly originating from Europe and China. With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials, this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year. But, through their painstaking efforts, Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks-they bring them back to life. The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin’s workshop is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks. To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world. Now， after eight months of endless adjustments, the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong. The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life: water flows, boats sail, dogs bark， chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin. It is a truly awe-inspiring moment. It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor. But,despite the combined work of several generations of masters, it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete. Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored, there would still be work to do, because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago. This is a race against time that can never be won! Nonetheless, Mr Wang remains optimistic about the future of these timepieces. Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, who will take on many of the future repairs. What’s more, inspired to follow in his father’s footsteps, Mr Wang’s son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks. This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills; the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time. In today’s fast-paced world, the saying that “time waits for no man” has never seemed more apt. Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo, there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country. 教材译文 时间的主人 在紫禁城高墙后面的西三所安静的庭院里，时间按着自己的节奏流逝着。要不是一部三集的纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。这些人中就有钟表修复专家王津。 王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。日复一日，王先生和他的学生们把时间花在修复数百年前的钟表上。但在过去相当长的一段时间里，故宫博物院修理钟表的工匠只有他和他的学生亓昊楠。 清朝的皇帝们十分喜欢钟表。因此，外国使节们把最精致、最华丽的钟表送给这些皇帝来取悦他们。如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。考虑到工作的复杂性和必要材料的缺乏，这意味着每位专家一年最多只能修复两件大型钟表。但是，王先生和他的学生们通过艰苦的努力不只是修复了钟表——他们还让钟表恢复了生命。 在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂静的声音是在修理、抛光钟表时发出的报时的旋律。对王津来说，这是世界上最美的音乐。经过八个月无休止的调整，王先生现在终于进行到了给追溯到乾隆皇帝时代的巨型钟表上弦的时候。那些已经静止了几个世纪的造型复杂的摆件瞬间复活了: 水流动着，船航行着，狗吠叫着，鸡拍动着翅膀，一个女人开始纺线。这真是一个令人惊叹的时刻。人们突然明白，当钟表专家们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。 但是，尽管经过了几代大师的共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。即使故宫博物院的每一件钟表都被修复了，仍然有工作要做，因为可能需要重新开始对很久以前修复的钟表进行修复。这是一场与时间的赛跑，却永远不可能赢！尽管如此，王先生对这些钟表的未来仍持乐观态度。多年前，王先生继承了师父的事业，而现在他将自己的技艺传授给了将承担未来许多修复工作的新成员。更重要的是，在继承父业这一壮志的激励下，王先生的儿子现在也开始修复古董钟表。新一代的工匠们不仅将协助保留传统技艺，他们给技艺带来的创新也将确保钟表修复的艺术能够经得起时间的考验。 在当今快节奏的世界里，“时间不等人”的说法似乎再贴切不过了。然而，在西三所的隐秘庭院里，王先生和他的同事们用灵巧的双手和谦逊的心沉着地拼凑着过去，带来了永恒，好像他们已经与自己的技艺和这个国家的历史融为了一体。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. restoration / rest re n/n. （旧建筑或旧家具等的）修复，整修→ restore /r st （r）/vt. 恢复；修复；归还
2. spin /sp n/v. 将（棉花、羊毛等）纺成（线），纺（线）→过去式 spun ；过去分词 spun → spinning / sp n /n. 纺织
3. exaggeration / ɡ z d re n/n. 夸大，夸张→ exaggerate / ɡ z d re t/vt.&vi. 夸大；夸张
4. preserve /pr z v/v. 维护，保护；保存→ preservation / prez ve n/n. 维护；保护；保养
5. timeless / ta ml s/adj. 永恒的，恒久的；永不过时的→ timely / ta mli/adj. 及时的；适时的→ time /ta m/vt. 计时；测定……所需的时间；选择……的时机
6. dominate / d m ne t/v. 支配，控制，主宰→ dominated / d mineitid/adj. 占主导地位的；强势的→ domination / d m ne n/n. 控制；支配
7. architecture / ɑ k tekt （r）/n. 建筑风格，建筑设计→ architect / ɑ k tekt/n. 建筑师
8. ambitious / m b s/adj. 宏大的，艰巨的→ ambition / m b n/n. 野心，雄心；抱负，志向→ ambitiously / m’b sli/adv. 雄心勃勃地；劲头十足地；热切地
9. associate / s ie t/v. 与……有关→ association / s si e n/n. [C]协会；社团；[C、U]联合；结合；交往
10. analysis / n l s s/ n/n. 分析→ analyses / n l si z/n. 分析；解析；分析；化验分析（analysis 的复数形式）→ analyse / n la z/vt. 分析
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.日复一日 day in, day out
2.源自 originate from
3.范围从……到…… range from... to
4.使得……起死回生 bring... back to life
5.既不……也不…… neither... nor...
6.把……传递…… pass on... to
7.承担；呈现 take on
8.从事；占据（时间/空间） take up
9.省去；遗漏；不考虑 leave out
10.对……不在乎，轻视 make light of
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 介词短语位于句首引起倒装
教材原句 Among these is the clock restoration master, Wang Jin. 这些人中就有钟表修复专家王津。
中文例句 就在我们的房子前面有一棵有千年历史的大树。
句式仿写 Just in front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.
2.
句型公式 neither... nor... 既不……也不……
教材原句 It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor. 人们突然明白，当钟表专家们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
中文例句 他的理由似乎既不必要也不充分。
句式仿写 His reason seems neither necessary nor sufficient.
3.
句型公式 It seems/is unlikely that...……似乎是/是不可能的。
教材原句 But, despite the combined work of several generations of masters, it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete. 但是，尽管经过了几代大师的共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。
中文例句 双方不可能克服彼此间的分歧。
句式仿写 It is unlikely that the two sides will be able to bridge their differences.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Who are the plainly-dressed people in the courtyards of Xi San Suo
A.Ordinary visitors.B.Craft masters.
C.Police officers.D.Famous professors.
答案： B
2.What are Wang Jin and his students doing in the Forbidden City
A.Restoring ancient clocks.
B.Making a documentary.
C.Admiring their photos.
D.Pleasing the visitors.
答案：A
3.How long did it take to make the timepiece mentioned in paragraph 4 finally come back to life
A.A year.B.Eight months.
C.Half a year.D.Four months.
答案：B
4.How does Mr Wang feel about the future of these timepieces
A.Optimistic.B.Negative.
C.Unhappy.D.Sad.
答案：A
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
说明文主要集中在介绍事物、社会现象、地点等方面。写作时要按照一定的顺序进行介绍和说明，以达到实际应用和交际的目的。
文本改写
【教材原文】
What do the Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan and the Chengde Mountain Resort all have in common These Qing-dynasty architectural marvels, along with many others, were all built by members of the same family-the Lei family.
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture. Their designs were admirable, varying from grand buildings to public works, such as roads and dams. So incredible was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.
The Lei family were also pioneering engineers, who used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail. They took careful notes and made models of their projects, many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme.
In addition to their architectural achievements, the Lei family showed diligence and humility. Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook ambitious projects, many of which took years to complete. Yet they did not seek fame, and even today, their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them.
With their remarkable skills, innovation, diligence and humility, the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime.
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的短文。
【审题谋篇】
第一段：Introduction 段介绍话题。首先，提供一些背景知识，告诉读者为什么这个话题是重要的。在介绍的时候，一定要“引起读者兴趣”，然后在Introduction的结尾，一定要有一个清楚的Thesis statement。如果文章缺少这一项，那么它将会被归为“文章没有重点”。Thesis statement应该清楚地定义所讨论的话题、立场等。文章应该紧紧地围绕着Thesis statement来书写。
第二段：Body段应该“又有骨头又有肉”。“骨头和肉”代表“evidence and information”。Body段的每个点应该包含一个evidence或者information。这样的文章会显得逻辑清晰，读者也非常容易从一个点转移到下一个点。
第三段：Conclusion段应该首先重新提及一下文章主题的重要性。可以迅速地浏览一下文章中的证据和信息来进行总结。但是不能再添加新的信息。
【词汇储备】
1. dominate imperial architecture 占据宫廷建筑主导地位
2. survive earthquakes 从地震中幸存下来
3. to this day 直到今天
4. take careful notes 仔细地做笔记
5. show diligence and humility 表现出勤奋和谦逊
6. undertake ambitious projects 承担宏大的项目
7. be regarded as 被当作
8. beyond a lifetime 超出了一生
【句型运用】
1.雷氏家族七代人在皇家建筑中悄然占据主导地位。（dominate）
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture.
2.从宏伟的建筑到公共工程，他们的设计令人钦佩。（系表结构）
Their designs were admirable, varying from grand buildings to public works.
3.他们的技艺令人难以相信，许多建筑在地震中幸存下来，并屹立数百年之久。
So incredible was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.
4.雷氏家族使用网格系统来详细规划他们的项目。
The Lei family used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail.
5.他们仔细地做笔记，并制作他们项目的模型，其中许多项目幸存至今，并被登记为联合国教科文组织世界记忆项目的一部分。
They took careful notes and made models of their projects, many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme.
6.每一代人都有意识地学习了他们的手艺，并承担了许多宏大的项目，其中许多项目都要花数年时间才完成。
Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook ambitious projects, many of which took years to complete.
【句式升级】
1.用定语从句连接并简化第1、2句。
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture, whose designs were admirable.
2.用whether... or... 简化第2、3句。
Whether grand buildings or public works survived earthquakes and remained standing to this day.
3.用并列谓语重组第4、5句。
They used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail, took careful notes and made models of their projects, many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。（注意使用meanwhile，therefore等衔接词）
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture, whose designs were admirable. Whether grand buildings or public works survived earthquakes and remained standing to this day.
They used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail, took careful notes and made models of their projects， many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme. Meanwhile, the Lei family showed diligence and humility. Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook ambitious projects, many of which took years to complete.
Therefore, their buildings and the legacy are regarded as a treasure to last beyond a lifetime.
实战演练
音乐在我们的日常生活中扮演着很重要的角色，请根据以下提示以“The role of music”为题写一篇英语文章。
☆音乐可以使我们放松身心，缓解压力；
☆音乐可以振奋并鼓舞人心；
☆音乐能够抚慰我们的心灵，帮助我们走出困境；
☆音乐可以帮我们更好地了解别的文化。
注意：
（1）词数不少于80；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
解析：写作指导
体裁：说明文——事理阐释
时态：一般现在时
人称：以第三人称为主
要点：①音乐的地位；②音乐在我们生活中不同的作用；③我的观点。
答案：高分范文
The role of music
Music plays an important role in our life. First, it can make us feel relaxed both mentally and physically, thus helping reduce our pressure at work and in life. Second, music can excite and encourage us as well whenever we meet troubles and feel sad. What’s more, music can have a comforting effect when we’re worried and help us step out of difficulty. In addition, music, as a universal language, can be of great help in learning another culture.
As far as I’m concerned, music is part of our life. We can’t live a happy life without the company of music.
高级短语及句式
短语：play an important role in在……方面起重要作用；feel relaxed 感到放松；reduce one’s pressure 减少某人的压力；step out of 走出；be of great help很重要；without the company of 没有……的陪伴。
句式：①thus helping reduce our pressure at work and in life为现在分词短语作结果状语；②时间状语从句：whenever we meet troubles and feel sad；③插入语：as a universal language。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. dominate v. 支配、控制，主宰
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture. （教材P23）雷氏家族七代人在皇家建筑中悄然占据主导地位。
典例翻译
①Sports, though important, should not dominate our schools.
运动虽然重要，但不应在学校中占主导地位。
②The strong usually dominate over the weak.
强者常常支配弱者。
③Adler could hardly dominate himself.
艾德勒很难控制他自己。
④As a child he was dominated by his father.
他小时候由其父亲主宰一切。
归纳拓展
控制 dominate over
控制某人自己 dominate oneself
由……主宰 be dominated by
domination n. 支配；控制
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①They had five centuries of domination （dominate）by the Romans.
②The old usually dominate over the young.
③The Lakers team dominated （dominate） the first half of the match.
（2）单句写作
④你们必须控制自己的情感。
You must dominate your passions.
2. preserve v. 维护, 保护；保存
This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills；the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time. （教材P21）新一代的工匠们不仅将帮助保留传统技艺，他们给技艺带来的创新也将确保钟表修复艺术经久不衰。
典例翻译
①We must preserve our natural resources from being destroyed.
我们必须保护自然资源免遭破坏。
②It is the duty of the police to preserve the public order.
维护公共秩序是警察的职责。
③The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation.
这些画保存得非常好。
④Visit a nature preserve or greenbelt where you can experience nature near your home.
参观自然保护区或者你家附近的绿地来体验自然。
⑤You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold.
你需要暖和的衣服来御寒。
归纳拓展
保护……免受…… preserve…from…
自然保护区 nature preserve
维护公共秩序 preserve the public order
preservation n. [U]保存；保护
preserved adj. 保存的；腌制的
well-preserved adj. 保存良好的
易混辨析
（1）protect“保护、保卫”，用以表示“保护或保卫某人或某物不受外界的伤害或侵害”。
（2）preserve “保护”，但重在表示“保持某物原有的状态”或“使某物保持完好的状态”。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①What can we do to preserve the company from ruin
②Protective measures are necessary if the city’s monuments are to be preserved （preserve）
③The police are responsible for the preservation （preserve）of law and order.
（2）单句写作
④对我们而言，有必要保护濒危物种不致灭绝。
It is necessary for us to preserve the endangered species from dying out.
3. associate v. 与……有关
Yet they did not seek fame, and even today, their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them. （教材P23）然而，他们并不追求名声，即使在今天，他们的伟大作品更多地与朝廷联系在一起，而不是与他们联系在一起。
典例翻译
①I don’t want to be associated with his plan/project.
我不想和他的计划有任何瓜葛。
②People usually associate Japan with high-tech consumer products.
人们一般把日本和高科技消费品联想在一起。
③He has a shelf full of things, each of which has no association with his inner world.
他有一个摆满了东西的架子，每一样都与他的内心世界没有关联。
④Now, she is in association with her business associate.
她现在与她的生意伙伴联合。
归纳拓展
将A与B联系起来 associate A with B
与某人交往/合伙/结交 associate with sb.
与……有联系 be associated with...
生意伙伴 business associate
association n. 联想，联合，社团
与……有关联 in association with...
与……没有关联、交往 have no association with...
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I don’t associate him with energetic sports.
②To some people, happiness is associated （associate）with money.
③We are working in association （associate）with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
（2）完成句子
④我和你交往的那些人没有交往。
I have no association with the guys whom you’re associated with .
4. range from... to... （ = range between... and...）在……到……之间变化
With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. （教材P21）小到怀表，大到一米以上的钟表，每一件都需要独特的修复方法。
典例翻译
①To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）
为了解答这些问题，布鲁克斯的调查涉及广泛的学科。
②Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined.
尽管她的描述听起来很精彩，但是价格超出了我们的承受范围，所以我们拒绝了。
③“Classical music” can refer to various kinds of music. Classical music ranges from jazz to orchestral music.
“古典音乐”可以指各种各样的音乐。古典音乐的范围包括从爵士乐到管弦乐。
归纳拓展
种类繁多的 a wide range of
在……范围内 in/within the range of
超过某人的范围 out of/beyond one’s range
在A到B之间变化 range from A to B/between A and B
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging （range） from butterflies to elephants.
②The subject is beyond my range and I can’t deal with it.
（2）完成句子
③在我的家乡有一处连绵不断的山脉。
There is a range of mountains in my hometown.
④在公路上行驶时，驾驶员必须将车速控制在限速范围内。
When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of speed-limiting.
5. date back （to） 追溯到……，始于……
Day in, day out, Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years. （教材P20）日复一日，王先生和他的学生们把时间花在修复几百年前的时钟上。
典例翻译
①Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back to over 5,000 years.
巨石阵是世界上最著名的史前遗迹之一，追溯到5,000多年前。
②The history of public education in the US dates from the society of the early pioneers.
美国的公共教育史起源于早期拓荒者的社会。
归纳拓展
注意：该短语不能用于被动语态，也不用过去分词表示被动意义。
追溯到……，始于…… date from
与某人约会 have/make a date with sb.
迄今，到现在为止（常与完成时连用） to date
为……确定时间 fix a date for
最新式的 up to date
过时的 out of date
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①To date, we have received （receive） over 200 replies.
②The castle has a long history dating （date）back to the ancient Roman times.
③The cultural relic discovered lately dates （date） from the Ming Dynasty.
（2）单句写作
④在这种情况下，它提供的统计数据是准确的和最新的。
In this case, the statistics it provides are accurate and up to date.
重点句型
1. with的复合结构
With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. （教材P21）小到怀表，大到一米多高的钟表，每一件都需要独特的修复方法。
典例翻译
①He was asleep with his head on his arms.
他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
②He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。
③He sat there with his eyes closed.
他闭目坐在那儿。
④With nothing to do, Tom sleeps at home.
由于无事可做，汤姆在家里睡觉。
归纳拓展
with的复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”组成, 常在句中作状语, 表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①With so many people to help （help）us, we are sure to finish it on time.
②I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being （be）ill.
③The man came in, with a bottle in his hand.
（2）句型转换
④The 2021 College Entrance Examination is drawing near, so the students feel great pressure.
→ With the 2021 College Entrance Examination drawing near , the students feel great pressure.
⑤After she took a great weight off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
→ With a great weight taken off her mind , she passed all the tests successfully.
2. given （that）... 考虑到……, 鉴于……
Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials, this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year. （教材P21）考虑到工作的复杂性和缺乏必要的材料，这意味着每个专家一年最多可以修复两件大型钟表。
典例翻译
①Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
②Given that you are still young, I forgive you.
考虑到你还年轻，我原谅你。
③We can find out how much money is spent on food in any given period.
我们可以查明在任何特定时间内花在食物上的钱有多少。
④Given that they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.
考虑到缺乏经验，他们的工作已经做得不错了。
归纳拓展
（1）given可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。
（2）given用作形容词，意为“特定的”“所述的”“规定的”等，通常作定语。
（3）given后也可接that从句，表示“考虑到”。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The work must be done within the given （give）time.
② Given （give）his age, he’s remarkably active.
（2）句型转换
③Given her interest in writing, I’m sure the writer is the right career for her.
→ Given that she is interested in writing , I’m sure the writer is the right career for her.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.After four months in foreign parts, every hour at home was precious （宝贵的）.
2.It was also a popular place to browse for antiques （古董）.
3.The chapters that comprise （包括） the first part of the novel are especially good.
4.In the final explanation （分析） I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.
5.He then attempted something more ambitious （艰巨的）, a novel of 200,000 words.
6.The Forbidden City is one of the world’s greatest works of architecture （建筑）.
7.She gave us writing assignments we could relate to: “Write an essay （散文） on drinking and driving,” she said.
8.Young girls must be modest （谦虚的） in speech and behavior.
9.It’s an honest book but it hasn’t been polished （润色）.
10.The dog barked （吠叫）when the stranger came near.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
at one’s own pace; day in, day out; originate from; range from... to...; pass on... to; wind up
1.Outbreak investigations have indicated that the novel coronavirus might originate from wild animals.
2.I hope you spend some time learning that these ideas are worth spreading, and then pass them on to other people who can make a difference.
3.He is tired of doing the same thing day in, day out .
4.The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
5.The son asks his dad why the chameleon（变色龙） can take on the color of its surroundings.
6.It is a beautiful park, where people can easily have all the walks at their own pace without a tour guide.
7.The first record players had to be wound up by hand and only played records that were two minutes long.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.But, despite the combined work of several generations of masters, 1. it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete. Restoration would 2. probably （probable） need to begin again on the clocks that 3. were repaired （repair） long ago. This is a race against time that can never be won! But Mr Wang remains optimistic 4. about the future of these timepieces. 5. Following （follow） in the footsteps of his own teacher, Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members. What’s more, 6. inspired （inspire） to continue, Mr Wang’s son now has also taken up repairing antique 7. clocks （clock）. This new generation will help preserve traditional skills, and their innovation will also ensure that the art of clock repairing 8. stands （stand） the test of time. Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with 9. skillful （skill） hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and 10. with the history of the country.
20Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① pose v. （使） 摆好姿势
② grocery n. 食品杂货店
③ fascination n. 着迷；迷恋
④ fashion n. 时尚
⑤ uncomplicated adj. 不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
⑥ celebrity n. 名人，明星
⑦ trial n. 试验
⑧ hydrogen n. 氢
⑨ precious adj. 珍稀的；贵重的
⑩ antique n. 古董，古玩，古物
restoration n. （旧建筑或旧家具等的）修复，整修
workplace n. 工作场所
maximum n. 最大量，最大值
polish v. 擦亮，擦光
bark v. （狗） 吠叫
preserve v. 维护，保护；保存
essay n. 短文，论说文
dominate v. 支配，控制，主宰
architecture n. 建筑风格，建筑设计
ambitious adj. 宏大的，艰巨的
associate n. 与……有关
analysis n. 分析
comprise n. 包括，由……构成
2.拓展单词
① wealthy adj. 富有的，富裕的→ wealth n. 财富；大量
② technique n. 技术，工艺，技巧→ technical adj. 技术的；工艺的→ technology n. 技术；科技
③ inspire vt. 启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞→ inspired adj. 受到启示的→ inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的→ inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
④ devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；专心→ devote vt. 献身于，专心致志于→ devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的
⑤ unique adj. 独特的，罕见的；唯一的，独一无二的→ uniqueness n. 独特性；独一无二；单值性
⑥ dedication n. 奉献；献身；赠言→ dedicate vt. 把……奉献给；题献词→ dedicated adj. 专用的；专注的；献身的
⑦ innovation n. 创新，革新；新方法→ innovate vi.&vt. 创新；改革；革新→ innovative adj.革新的，创新的
⑧ resolution n. 决议→ resolute adj.坚决的；果断的
⑨ originate v. 创建；创立；发源；发端于→ original adj. 原来的；独创的；首创的
⑩ significance n. 重要性，意义→ significant adj. 有重大意义的；显著的；意味深长的→ significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地
preserve vt. 保存；保护→ preservation n. 保存，保留
celebration n. 庆典，庆祝会→ celebrate v. 庆祝；颂扬
various adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的→ variety n. 不同种类；变化；多样化
accomplish vt. 完成；实现；达到→ accomplishment n. 成就；完成；技艺，技能
fascination n. 着迷，迷恋→ fascinate v. 使着迷，使神魂颠倒；→ fascinated adj. 着迷的；被深深吸引的
admirable adj.令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的→ admire vt. 钦佩，羡慕→ admiration n. 钦佩
achieve vt. 取得；获得；实现；成功→ achievement n. 成就；完成；达到；成绩
survive vi.&vt. 生存，挺过（难关）→ survival n. 幸存，存活→ survivor n. 幸存者
diligence n. 勤奋，勤勉→ diligent adj. 勤勉的；用功的，费尽心血的
remark n. 注意；言辞；vt. 评论；觉察→ remarkable adj.卓越的；非凡的；值得注意的
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1.放弃 back down
2.只不过 nothing more than
3.（某事物的）前沿 the cutting edge （of sth.）
4.不拘一格地思考，跳出框框思考 think outside the box
5.开辟新天地 break new ground
6.属于 belong to
7.不管 regardless of
8.专注于 focus on
9.专心致力于 dedicate oneself to
10.过世 pass away
11.把……视为…… regards…as…
12.追溯到 date back to
13.范围从……到…… range from…to…
14.上紧（钟、表等的）发条；卷起 wind up
15.跟随……的脚步 follow in the footsteps of
16.死而复生 come back to life
17.传递…… pass on…to…
18.追求名声 seek fame
19.与……有联系 be associated with
20.打算做 aim to do
21.留下 leave behind
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.这些人中就有修复钟表大师王津。
Among these is the clock restoration master, Wang Jin.
2.也不是通过广泛的接触和联系。
Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.
3.这些东西是真实的，在它们的真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.
4.甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面，直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。
He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos.
5.他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。
He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness.
6.要不是那部三集的纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary, outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft, who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.
7.小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。
With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height， each of these requires its own unique method of restoration.
8.人们突然明白了，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸大其词，也不是暗喻。
It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”， it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor.
9.但是，尽管几代大师共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。
But， despite the combined work of several generations of masters， it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete.
10.坎宁安之所以伟大，是因为他对摄影的热爱。
What made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography.
11.随着许多工艺品已经或即将永远消失，人们已经意识到保存那些留下来的工艺品的重要性。
With many crafts having been, or about to be, lost forever, people have realized the importance of preserving those that remain.
12.他们合力打破思维定式，开辟了新天地，促使氢弹的突破。
Together, they thought outside the box and broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb.
13.1964年10月，中国第一颗原子弹爆炸，标志着“两弹一星”计划的成功启动，17,000多名科学家和研究人员参加了该计划。
In October 1964, China exploded its first atomic bomb, marking a successful start of the “two bombs, one satellite” project, in which more than 17,000 scientists and researchers participated.
14.雷氏家族以其卓越的技艺、创新、勤奋和谦逊留下了他们的建筑和遗产，即真正的手工艺品是一种可以持续一生的财富。
With their remarkable skills, innovation, diligence and humility, the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime.
15.正文由有支撑的证据和事实的段落组成。
The main body comprises paragraphs with supporting evidence and facts.
16.最后，根据所提供的所有证据，回顾了文章的主题。
It concludes by reviewing the main theme of the essay in light of all the evidence that has been presented.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的英语短文。
1. 梁建英，中国高铁总设计师，1972年4月出生于山东省。（使用同位语）
2. 自1995年毕业以来，她一直致力于研究中国G系列高铁的发展。（devote oneself to）
3.2007年，她开发了中国首列G系列高速列车，运行速度为300—350公里/小时。（at the speed of）
4.2017年，时速350公里的中国标准动车组投入使用，实现了高铁运营的新突破。（make a new breakthrough）
5. 梁建英给我们树立了一个好榜样。（set a good example to）
6. 在她苦心孤诣和创新精神的鼓舞下，我们将努力学习，为祖国未来的发展做出贡献。（dedication and innovation; contribute to）
One possible version:
Liang Jianying, general designer of China’s High-speed Railway, was born in Shandong Province in April 1972. Since she graduated in 1995, she has been devoting herself to researching into the development of China’s G-Series High-Speed Train. In 2007, she developed the first G-Series High-Speed Train in China which was operated at the speed of 300—350 kph. In 2017, CHINA STANDARD EMU were put into service with the speed of 350 kph, which made a new breakthrough in the operation of the High-speed Railway.
Liang Jianying has set a good example to us. Inspired by her spirit of painstaking dedication and innovation, we will study hard to contribute to the development of our country in the future.
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