Unit 3 War and peace
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元学习了解战争年代的英雄, 培养学生热爱和平、反对战争的思想, 加强学生的爱国的情操和为了保护安宁用知识武装自己的意识。
语言能力目标 核心单词 violent, objective, violence, recall, barely, liberate, memorial, uniform, outstanding, friction, weapon, stability, academic, bomb, emerge, representative, sum, grain, relevant
重点词块 be made up of, free.. from, have confidence in, nothing less than, prepare for, make it, meet up with, refer to as, get across, lose one’s life, keep to, play a role in, keep.. on standby, carry out a great many, serve as, a sum of, break through, track down, light up, hold down, blow away, at war
单元语法 主谓一致(Subject-verb agreement)
写作能力 利用本单元所学的语言知识、技能和策略, 能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的人物介绍。
背景导学
War and love should never be mixed together, but when it does, some stories are made during its experience. Here are some books about love stories which are set in wartime.
War Bonds by Cindy Hval
The idea to write this book was suggested to the author by her husband. It’s a compilation （汇编） of love stories that took place during the war when men and women made lifelong commitments without knowing what the future would bring. Each story shares a lesson to inspire every heart.
Eve of a Hundred Midnights by Bill Lascher
Bill Lascher had always wanted to be a reporter, and soon discovered his cousin had lived the life he dreamed of. A month after his grandmother gifted him with his cousin’s typewriter used during World War Ⅱ, he slowly uncovered the story told in this book.
Just as World War Ⅱ broke out, Melville and Annalee Jacoby, both war reporters, were faced with a life-and-death decision. Having been married for just a month, the couple had to run for their lives to escape being caught by their enemy.
GI Brides: The Wartime Girls Who Crossed The Atlantic For Love by Duncan Barrett and Nuala Calvi
This book tells the stories about the women in England who married American soldiers. Each GI Bride has her own unique hopes and fears during a time of war when their ever happy dreams are redefined （重新定义） by war, cultural differences, countries, and an uncertain future.
World War Ⅱ Love Stories by Larry King
Each love story in this book is unique in its own way, but they all share a common topic: love overcomes all. Each couple interviewed shares how they met, how they fell in love, the difficulties they faced and how their love grew stronger leading to marriages that lasted a lifetime.
1.Who gave Bill Lascher a typewriter as a present
A. A reporter.
B. His cousin.
C. His wife.
D. His grandma.
答案：D
2.Which book mainly focuses on the theme-the power of love
A. War Bonds.
B. World War II Love Stories.
C. Eve of a Hundred Midnights.
D. GI Brides: The Wartime Girls Who Crossed The Atlantic For Love.
答案：B
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 The D-DAY LANDINGS By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years. But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in largenumbers. This marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning. Code-named “Operation Overlord”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation. After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June. An order issued by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read:“Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened… But this is the year 1944… The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory!” With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day. At dawn on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France. Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them. Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there. The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach. The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did makeit to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire. By mid-morning, hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him:“I was the first one out. The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit. All the ones in between were hit. Two were killed; three were injured. That’s how lucky you had to be.” But, despite the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War. By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France. The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east. Seventy years later, men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel, where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies. As part of this solemn and moving occasion, a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon: They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old: Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning We will remember them. Survivors of the D-Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day. Although each year they are fewer in number, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them-as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. 教材译文 诺曼底登陆日 到1944年春天，第二次世界大战已经在全球肆虐了大约五年之久。但是在英格兰的南部海岸正发生着不寻常的事情：由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军正在大量聚集。这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。在确保天气、月亮和潮水三者达到最佳结合点后，“霸王行动”最终定在了6月6日。 盟军最高司令艾森豪威尔将军在鼓舞军队士气时说道：“你们的任务将不会轻松。敌人训练有素、武器精良，而且久经沙场……但今年是1944年……时局已经发生转变! 全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利前进！我对你们的勇气、责任心和作战能力十分有信心。我们将迎接的只会是彻底的胜利！” 盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，为登陆诺曼底做准备。6月6日清晨，数千名士兵在法国北部空降在敌人后方。与此同时，更有数千名士兵在战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡，在诺曼底登陆。他们的目标十分明确：沿着大约80千米的法国海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。但就算是深陷战争，也很少有人能够为即将经历的残暴和恐怖做好准备。 奥马哈海滩的情况最不容乐观。敌人藏身于各个地方，甚至准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功抵达海滩的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。到上午10点钟，已有上百人在水中或在海滩上的坦克之间阵亡。一名士兵事后回忆他是如何在轰炸中侥幸脱险的：“我是第一个冲出来的人。第七个冲出来的士兵是第二个穿过海滩没有被击中的。我俩之间的士兵全被击中了。其中有两人死亡，三人受伤。真的是要有天大的幸运才能躲过这一劫。” 但是，尽管伤亡惨重，诺曼底登陆还是取得了成功，并且被人们普遍视为第二次世界大战结束的开端。到1944年8月底为止，盟军抵达塞纳河，巴黎获得解放，德国人被从法国西北部赶走。之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相会。 70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆日中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。在庄重感人的仪式上，一位当时参战的老兵向众人朗诵了劳伦斯·比尼恩的《谨献给阵亡将士》一诗中的一段：我们会日渐衰老，但他们永远不会老去：他们永远不为年龄所难，永远不为岁月所累。每当夕阳西下, 每当清晨来临，我们都会想起他们。 诺曼底登陆日的幸存者继续相会，纪念他们在那天失去的战友和朋友。尽管他们的人数每年都在减少，但他们杰出的勇敢行为意味着我们将永远记住他们——以及那些在法国北部海滩上牺牲的人。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. violent /'va l nt/ adj. 狂暴的, 凶暴的→ violence /'va l ns/ n. 暴力
2. call /k : l/ v. 叫, 喊; 召唤; 给……命名→ recall /r 'k : l/ v. 回想, 回忆起
3. bare /be （r）/ adj. 刚好够的, 勉强的; 赤裸的→ barely /'be li/ adv.勉强才能
4. liberate /'l b re t/ v. 解放（城市、国家等）→ liberation /l b 're n/ n. 解放
5. memorial /m 'm : ri l/ adj.纪念的, 追悼的→ memory /mem r / n. 记忆力; 记忆中的事物; 回忆→ memorize /'mem ra z/ vt.记住; 熟记
6. allied /' la d/ adj.（第二次世界大战期间）同盟国的→ ally /' la / n.（尤指战时的）同盟国
7. commander /k 'mɑ nd / n.指挥官, 长官→ command /k 'mɑ nd/ v. 命令; 统率（陆军、海军等）
8. objective / b’d ekt v/ n.目的, 目标→ object /' bd kt/ n.目标; 物体; 客体; 宾语/ b’d ekt/ v.反对, 不赞成
9. horror /'h r （r）/ n.令人惊恐的事→ horrible /'h r bl/adj.可怕的; 极讨厌的→ horribly /'h r bl / adv.可怕地; 非常地
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.across the globe 在全球
2.（be）made up of 由……组成
3.in numbers 在数量上
4.in history 历史上
5.free…from… 使……摆脱……
6.（日期）定在 be set for
7.对……充满信心 have full confidence in
8.完全是 nothing less than
9.横过（马路、河等） get across
10.在中间 in between
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 独立主格结构
教材原句 Code-named “Operation Overlord”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation. 代号为“霸王行动”, 这是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空联合行动, 目的是将欧洲西北部地区从德国占领下解放出来。
中文例句 由于有这么多学生缺席, 会议不得不推迟。
句式仿写 So many students being absent , the meeting had to be put off.
2.
句型公式 by the end of+过去时间+过去完成时
教材原句 By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France. 到1944年8月底为止, 盟军已经到达塞纳河, 巴黎获得解放, 德国人被从法国西北部赶走。
中文例句 到那个假期结束时, 我已经花光了我所有的钱。
句式仿写 By the end of that holiday I had spent all my money .
3.
句型公式 with的复合结构
教材原句 With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day. 盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语, 为登陆诺曼底做准备。
中文例句 因为妈妈生病了, 所以我无法去度假。
句式仿写 I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill .
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
1.What is the main idea of the text
A.The D-Day landings were a success with the high cost.
B.Laurence Binyon was a survivor of the D-Day landings.
C.The Second World War caused great loss in human life.
D.The Allied troops were prepared for the violence and horror.
答案： A
Reading for the structure.
1.Fill in the blanks with proper words.
The D-DAY LANDINGS
Spring 1944 ◆Allied troops 1. gathered in large numbers along the south coast of England. ◆The aim of code-named“Operation Overlord”is 2. to free north-west Europe from German occupation.
6 June 1944 ◆Thousands landed 3. by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France. ◆Thousands more 4. journeyed across the English Channel to Normandy. ◆Hundreds 5. lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.
August 1944 ◆The Allies 6. liberated Paris. ◆The Germans were 7. removed from north-west France. ◆The Allied forces 8. prepared to enter Germany.
Outcome of the Operation ◆Despite the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings were 9. a success . ◆It finally led to the 10. end of the Second World War.
The D-DAY LANDINGS
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.What is the aim of “Operation Overlord”？
A.To make up Allied troops.
B.To plan a top-secret operation.
C.To liberate north-west Europe.
D.To combine weather with sea.
答案： C
2.What did the Allied troops do on the early morning of 6 June
A.They listened to General Eisenhower.
B.They headed bravely for Normandy.
C.They were preparing for the operation.
D.They were gathering along the French coastline.
答案： B
3.What can we learn from the scenes one soldier recalled
A.The fighting was very fierce.
B.The enemy were very wise.
C.Heavy machine gunfire was terrible.
D.Tanks were of little use.
答案： A
4.What can we know about Laurence Binyon in the passage
A.He is a former soldier.
B.He is a survivor.
C.He is a commander.
D.He is a poet.
答案：D
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.Boats were hit and ① men drowned , ② while those ③ who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
【分析】本句由两个并列分句组成。第一个分句中①为men （were） drowned的省略用法。②while表转折, 连接前后两个分句。第二个分句中③为who引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词those。
【译文】 船被击翻, 一些人落水而亡, 而那些成功抵达海滩的人面对的是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
2.Seventy years later, men ① who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel,② where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
【分析】这是一个主从复合句, 句中①为定语从句修饰先行词men,②为where引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词the English Channel。
【译文】 70年后, 曾在诺曼底登陆日中奋战的战士们聚集在英吉利海峡两岸, 人们聚在一起举行纪念仪式。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
1.What happened along the south coast of England in spring 1944
Code-named “Operation Overlord” was set for 6 June, and the preparations were under way.
2.Who issued an order about the operation
Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower issued an order, and he said that they would accept nothing less than full Victory.
3.What was D-Day like
Allied soldiers began the operation and the fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.
4.How was the operation going
The operation was successful.
5.Seventy years later, what did people do in honor of the operation
Memorial ceremonies for the operation were held and a former soldier read out the poem For the Fallen to remember the dead forever.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
将上述句子转换句式（不能使用课文原句）。
1.使用定语从句改写第一句。
Code-named “Operation Overlord” was set for 6 June, for which the preparations were under way.
2.使用同位语从句改写第二句。
Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower issued an order that they would accept nothing less than full Victory.
3.使用强调句型改写第三句。
Allied soldiers began the operation. It was at Omaha Beach that the fiercest fighting was.
4.使用定语从句改写第五句。
Memorial ceremonies for the operation were held, where a former soldier read out the poem For the Fallen to remember the dead forever.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Code-named “Operation Overlord” was set for 6 June, for which the preparations were under way.
Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower issued an order that they would accept nothing less than full Victory. Allied soldiers began the operation. It was at Omaha Beach that the fiercest fighting was. The operation was successful. Seventy years later, memorial ceremonies for the operation were held, where a former soldier read out the poem For the Fallen to remember the dead forever.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. violent adj.狂暴的, 凶暴的
A good soldier is not violent. （教材P25）一个好士兵不是暴力的。
典例翻译
①They laid violent hands on him.
他们对他下毒手。
②The violent blow sent him down on his knees.
那猛烈的一击使他跪倒在地。
③He became violent towards Ben’s mother.
他对待本的妈妈变得粗暴。
④The young man was charged with robbery with violence.
这个年轻人被指控暴力抢劫。
⑤He condemned the protesters’ use of violence against the police.
他谴责抗议者对警察使用暴力。
归纳拓展
violent 指人的动作时, 强调极度的激动, 多表示有害的、恶毒的行为, 也可指有毁灭力或不可控制的自然力量。violent可引申为“（死亡）突发性的”。
对……行凶, 对……下毒手 lay violent hands on
对……粗暴 be/become violent to/towards
violence n.猛烈; 暴力; 暴行
用暴力 by/with violence
对……的暴行 violence against
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①She thought that some of them had been laying violent hands on me.
②He slammed the door with violence.
③My father was violent to/towards my mother when he was drunk.
（2）单句写作
④猛烈的火山爆发致使1,700人死亡。
The violent eruption killed 1,700 people.
2. objective n.目的, 目标
Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. （教材P27）
他们的目标很明确：沿着大约80千米的法国海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。
典例翻译
①We succeeded in our common objective of cutting costs.
我们实现了削减费用的共同目标。
②The legislation has failed to achieve its stated objectives.
这项法规没有达到它所宣称的目标。
③You must set realistic objectives for yourself.
你必须给自己设定切实可行的目标。
归纳拓展
共同的目标 a common objective
达到目标; 实现目标 achieve/meet/reach one’s objective
制订一个明确的目标 set/establish a clear objective
object n.物体; 对象; 客体; 宾语
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The two groups are pursuing a common objective.
②The objective （object） is to get the ball into the net.
（2）完成句子
③我们需要制订一个明确的目标。
We need to establish a clear objective .
④该部门需要更多资金以实现目标。
The department needs more money to reach its objectives .
3. recall v.回想, 回忆起
One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him…
（教材P27）一名士兵事后回忆他是如何在轰炸中侥幸脱险的……
典例翻译
①John recalled attending school with Mary.
约翰回想起同玛丽一起上学的情景。
②The company has recalled all the faulty hairdryers.
公司召回了所有有问题的吹风机。
③He has been recalled to his old post.
他已被召回担任原来的职务。
④The sight of that old ragged doll recalled my childhood to me.
看到那个破旧的玩具娃娃, 我想起了我的童年。
归纳拓展
回忆起做某事 recall doing sth.
把……召回到…… recall…to…
使某人记起某事 recall sth. to sb.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Occasionally, I can still recall her going （go）away without a word.
②The story recalled old faces to my mind.
③He was recalled to military duty.
（2）单句写作
④她还能清晰地记起初次见面的情景。
She could still recall the first meeting clearly.
4. liberate v. 解放（城市、国家等）
By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France. （教材P27）到1944年8月底为止, 盟军抵达塞纳河, 巴黎获得解放, 德国人被从法国西北部赶走。
典例翻译
①You should liberate the mind from prejudice.
你该解除心中的偏见。
②The heat brings about a chemical reaction, and oxygen is liberated.
热量引起化学反应, 氧气被释放出来。
③Before liberation he fed on wild potatoes.
解放前他以野薯为食。
归纳拓展
（1）解放或释放某人或某物 liberate sb./sth.
把……从……中解放出来 liberate…from…
（2）解放 n. liberation
解放前 before liberation
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①This will liberate him from economic worry.
②I liberated the man who was in despair and desperately struggled for liberation . （liberate）
（2）单句写作
③这个城市是1949年被解放的。
The city was liberated in 1949.
5. horror n. 令人惊恐的事
But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there. （教材P27）但就算是深陷战争, 也很少有人能为即将经历的残暴和恐怖做好准备。
典例翻译
①To his horror, the bus caught fire.
使他惊恐的是, 公共汽车着火了。
②People watched in horror as the plane crashed to the ground.
人们惊恐地看着飞机坠落到地面上。
③Most people have a horror of speaking in public.
大多数人对当众讲话都感到十分害怕。
归纳拓展
（1）使某人惊恐的是 to one’s horror
对……心怀恐惧 have a horror of
惊恐地 in horror
（2）horrible adj. 可怕的; 令人毛骨悚然的; 令人讨厌的
be horrible to sb. 对某人不友好
学以致用
1.单句填空
① To his horror, the elf burst into tears.
②He stopped speaking and stared at her in horror.
③I have a horror of snakes.
④Don’t be so horrible to me!
6. barely adv. 勉强才能
One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him…（教材 P27）
典例翻译
①He is so weak that he can barely stand up.
他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来。
②I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me.
我刚刚开始讲话, 他便打断了我。
③We had barely enough money to last through the weekend.
我们的钱只能勉强维持到周末。
④Barely did she notice his presence.
她几乎没有注意到他的出现。
归纳拓展
（1）barely作“仅仅”和“只不过, 几乎不”讲时强调不多余, 因其已有否定含意, 故不能跟否定词连用。
（2）barely作“刚好; 不超过”讲时常用于某个数量、年龄、时间等。
（3）barely一般位于谓语动词之前, 系动词或第一个助动词之后。作为否定副词位于句首时句子或主句要使用部分倒装, 即“barely+助动词+主语+实义动词”。
（4）barely与when/before连用表示“一……就……”时主句谓语动词多用过去完成时, 而从句谓语动词则用一般过去时。
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①过了不到一分钟他们就到了。
They arrived barely a minute later .
②她看上去还不到30岁。
She looked barely thirty .
③我手头的钱勉强够买这本书。
I had barely enough money to buy the book.
（2）句型转换
④He had barely enough to eat. （倒装句）
Barely did he have enough to eat.
7. prepare for sth. 为某事做准备
With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day. （教材P27）盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语, 为登陆诺曼底做准备。
典例翻译
①He had to go back to his hotel and prepare to catch a train for New York.
他不得不回到酒店, 准备赶火车去纽约。
②There was no news and we were prepared for the worst.
没有消息, 我们做好了最坏的打算。
③He is making use of every minute to make preparations for the coming examination.
他现在正在充分利用每一分钟来准备即将到来的考试。
④In preparation for the lecture, I urge you to do some reading.
在准备讲座时, 我主张你做一些阅读。
归纳拓展
（1）准备（做）某事 prepare for sth./prepare to do sth.
为某人准备某物prepare sth. for sb.
（2）准备n. preparation
在准备中 in preparation
为……做准备 make preparations for
（3）做好准备的 adj. prepared
为……做好准备 be/get prepared for
乐意并能够做某事 be prepared to do sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I prepare to graduate （graduate） from Sanford H. Calhoun High School in Merrick.
②This dish is good for dinner parties because much of the preparation （prepare） can be done ahead of time.
（2）一句多译
③为备战滑冰锦标赛, 他每天都在练习。
He is practising every day, preparing for/making preparations for the ice-skating championship.
He is practising every day in preparation for/to prepare for the ice-skating championship.
8. get （sth.） across （to sb.）横过, 渡过; 使（某事）被（某人）理解; 把……讲清楚
The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit. （教材P27）第七个冲出来的士兵是第二个穿过海滩没有被击中的。
典例翻译
①I had created a way to get my messages across while using as few words as possible.
我想出了一种能言简意赅地表达自己意思的方法。
②It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death.
我花了很长一段时间才从她去世的震惊中恢复过来。
③The final exam is drawing near, so I must get down to my study.
期末考试就要来了, 所以我要开始认真学习了。
归纳拓展
get rid of 摆脱, 除去
get along/on with 进展; 与……和睦相处
get down to （doing） sth. 开始认真地做某事
get over 解决, 克服; 从……中恢复
学以致用
1.单句填空（用get短语填空）
①Did you get across the message to the students
②School uniforms are traditional in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.（2019浙江卷）
③That stubborn girl is difficult to get along with , so you must be patient with her.
重点句型
1. 过去完成进行时
By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years. （教材P26）到1944年春天, 第二次世界大战已经在全球肆虐了大约五年。
典例翻译
①I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天都待在哪儿。
②She had been suffering from a bad cold before she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
③Up to that time he had been translating those books.
直到那时他一直在翻译那些书。
归纳拓展
（1）过去完成进行时表示动作从“过去的过去”某一时间点开始, 一直延续到过去某个时间。和过去完成时一样, 过去完成进行时也必须以一个过去时间为前提。
（2）表示过去反复的动作。
学以致用
1.完成句子
①这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
②他已经等了两个星期。他还在等。
He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.
2. 独立主格结构
Code-named“Operation Overlord”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.（教材P26）这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”, 它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动, 目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
典例翻译
①The question being settled, we went home.
问题解决之后, 我们就回家了。
②We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.
假设明天天气好, 我们就进行比赛。
③The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.
班长病了, 我们最好还是延期开会吧。
归纳拓展
（1）独立主格结构：由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构, 用于修饰整个句子。此结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 在句中作状语, 相当于一个状语从句。
（2）独立主格结构形式为：
①名词/代词+现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）
②名词/代词+过去分词（表示被动或已完成）
③名词/代词+不定式（表示将要发生的动作）
④名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语（常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态）
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Time permitting （permit）, we’ll go to your house.
②Lots of homework to do （do）, I have to stay at home all day.
（2）完成句子
③如果给我们更多的时间, 我们会把工作做得更好。
More time given , we should have done the job much better.
④会议结束了, 老师们一个个走了出来。
The meeting over , the teachers went out one by one.
3. 过去分词短语作状语
Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them. （教材P27）与此同时, 数千名士兵在战斗机的保护下, 穿越英吉利海峡, 在诺曼底登陆。
典例翻译
①The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.
老师进来了, 后面跟着一群学生。
②Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
如果用得仔细的话, 一罐够用六周。
③Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨, 他全身湿透了。
归纳拓展
过去分词短语通常在句中作状语, 表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系, 或表示动作已完成。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① Frightened （frighten）by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room.
② Asked （ask）why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty.
（2）完成句子
③那位教授在学生的簇拥下, 兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
Surrounded by his students , the professor sat there cheerfully.
④尽管再次被击败, 但他没有灰心。
Defeated again , he didn’t lose heart.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.It’s going to be some time before the troop （部队） recovers its strength.
2. Tide （潮汐）passes quickly, so do not delay taking action.
3.The Supreme （最高的） Court had the right to decide the case.
4.At night, he’d throw my blanket up and it’d float down like a parachute （降落伞）.
5.We can search the coastline （海岸线） right away and survey the sea as soon as the weather clears sufficiently for us to get a plane up.
6.If you can keep your head above water, you won’t drown （淹死）.
7.Students were involved in violent （暴力的）clashes with the police.
8.The boy who won the scholarship was a quite outstanding （杰出的）student.
9.Henderson recalled （回忆起） that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington.
10.Novelists should never allow themselves to weary （厌倦） of the study of real life.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
at dawn, make up of, in large numbers, in history, nothing less than, prepared for, make it, get across, in between, meet up with
1.Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.
2.The enemy troops came against us in large numbers but were forced to back off under our heavy fire.
3.We would later learn that the first quarter of 1964 marked the highest level of auto sales in history .
4.Henry conducted nothing less than a full-scale investigation of both my business and my personal life.
5.They can experimentally select them when they feel fully prepared for their consequences.
6.He reasoned that if we started at dawn , we could arrive before noon.
7.The train goes at 10:15. I think we shall make it .
8.The bridge was destroyed so we couldn’t get across the river.
9.We have two lessons this morning, but there’s some free time in between .
10.I met up with another writer and we went our way through downtown.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
With the Second World War raging 1. the globe for about five years, Allied troops finally reached the point when they turned the corner. Soldiers were gathering in large numbers, ready 2. （launch）a top-secret operation, 3. （plan）for years. Code-named “Operation Overlord”, the operation, 4. was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, was set for 6 June, the aim 5. （be）to free north-west Europe from German occupation.
Just as the order puts 6. , the free men of the world were marching together to Victory and would accept nothing less than Victory. 7. , it wasn’t easy. The fighting was fierce and a great number of soldiers sacrificed their lives. Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
Despite the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings were a 8. （succeed） and 9. （see）widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War. Several months later, the Allied forces entered Germany, where they met up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.
Now, people still gather for ceremonies in memory of the heroes risking their life for a 10. （peace）world.
1. across 2. to launch 3. planned 4. which 5. being
6. it 7. However 8. success 9. were seen 10. peaceful
23Section Ⅱ Using language
[主谓一致（1）]
情境创设·语法精讲
见学用49页
教材链接
1. （教材P29）Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened…
2. （教材P29）The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers…
3. （教材P29）…people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
4. （教材P29）The police are after him.
5. （教材P29）Politics is the study of the ways in which countries are governed.
6. （教材P29）The group were sent to rescue the missing pilot.
7. （教材P29）All the machinery in this factory is made in the US.
观察上面句子, 并归纳上面主谓一致的用法：
1. Your enemy表示整体, 谓语动词用单数。
2. The enemy表示“很多敌人”, 表示个体, 谓语动词用复数。
3. people（人们）为集合名词, 谓语动词用复数。
4. police（警察）为集合名词, 表示个体, 谓语动词用复数。
5. 复数形式单数意义的词, 如news, maths, politics, physics作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
6. The group表示所有组员, 谓语动词用复数。
7. machinery为“机械”的统称, 谓语动词用单数。
要点精析
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
1.语法一致：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football in the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，此时谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.
我们一家人现在正在吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、集合名词的主谓一致
1.通常用复数的情形
police（警察）、people（人）、cattle（牛）、clothes（衣服）等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
My clothes were soaked.
我的衣服都湿透了。
The police are looking into the complaint.
警察在调查这项投诉。
Too few people are interested in such music nowadays.
如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。
2.通常用单数的情形
clothing（衣服）、poetry（诗歌）、baggage/luggage（行李）、 furniture（家具）、scenery（景色）、jewellery（珠宝）、equipment（设备）等不可数的集合名词用作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
Furniture is chiefly made of wood.
家具主要是由木材制造。
Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang Dynasty.
诗歌在中国唐代十分盛行。3.用单数或复数视语境而定的情形
family（家庭）、team（队）、crowd（人群）、government（政府）、crew（乘务员）、committee（委员会）、audience（听众）、public（公众）等集合名词用作主语时，其谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数：当它们被视为整体时，谓语动词用单数; 当它们强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。
My family is very large.
我家是一个大家庭。（视为整体）
His family are waiting for him.
他的家人正在等他。（强调个体成员）
注意：有时没有特定的上下文，谓语动词用单数或复数区别不大。
The public are [is] requested not to leave litter in the park.
公众被要求在公园不要乱扔垃圾。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.The crew on the train are (be) going to attend a training class about traffic safety.
2.The population of China is (be)larger than that of any other country in the world.
3.The football team is (be)made up of 22 players.
4.My family is (be)the largest one in our village. Besides, my family are (be)all farmers.
5.The whole class are (be)now listening to the teacher attentively.
6.Either he or you are (be)interested in playing football in our class.
7.The police are searching (search)for the lost child now.
8.The audience were/was (be) clearly delighted with the performance, bursting out clapping and cheering for the singer.
9.The committee are/is (be) of the opinion that it is not time to reopen schools, according to the votes.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1. Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a 1. totally (total) different country If so, then you are a third-culture kid.
The term “third-culture kid” 2. was used (use) in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while 3. researching (research) North American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit 4. from their intercultural experiences and they often reach excellent academic results.
Yet many 5. difficulties (difficulty) may arise from this phenomenon, third-culture kids may not be able to adapt 6. themselves (they) completely to their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard 7. to develop (develop) new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often 8. easier (easy) to move to a new country than to return to his or her homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country 9. where she was born. She didn’t know anything about current TV shows 10. or fashion trends. And she didn’t share the same values as other teens of her age.
新知清障·素养构建
见学用50页
核心词汇
1. at the beginning of在……的开头
At the beginning of the film, the audience are thrown into an incredible sequence of approximately 30 minutes, depicting the landings in Normandy. （教材P29）电影一开始，观众就被带入了一个大约30分钟的令人难以置信的片段，描绘了诺曼底登陆的场景。
典例翻译
①Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the shocking ending.
在故事的开头别提那件事，要不然可能会泄露了令人震惊的结尾。
②We’re going to Japan at the end of July.
我们七月末要去日本。
③I think it is necessary to read the book from beginning to end.
我认为从头到尾地读这本书是很有必要的。
④In the end the long hours of work, combined with domestic worries, got him down.
最后，长时间的工作加上家事烦恼使他闷闷不乐。
归纳拓展
（1）在……开头 at the beginning of ，后面可接时间名词，通常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。
在……尽头（末端） at the end of ，后面可接地点或时间名词，通常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。
（2）开始 in the beginning
最后 in the end
（3）从头到尾 from beginning to end
学以致用
单句填空
①He had to show the white flag at the end of the debate.
②Let’s start again from the beginning.
③ In the beginning， everyone felt sorry for him.
④She’s been working there since the beginning of last summer.
2. stability n.稳固，稳定
These measures aim to give stability to conflict zones and allow governments to reestablish authority. 这些措施的目的是让冲突地区获得稳定，并使政府重建权威。（教材P31）
典例翻译
①The government has taken a measure to maintain the stability of prices.
政府已经采取了措施以维持物价稳定。
②Being back with their family should provide emotional stability for the children.
回到家人身边会使儿童的情绪稳定下来。
归纳拓展
（1）促进安定 promote stability
政治/经济/社会稳定 political/economic/social stability
（2）stable adj. 稳定的；安定的；可靠的
学以致用
完成句子
①我们需要一个稳定的政府。
We need a stable government .
②世界和平和稳定需要有中国的积极参与。
Peace and stability in the world need the active involvement of China.
3. on standby 待命
China is playing an increasingly important role in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 troops who are kept on standby for UN missions. （教材P31）中国在联合国维和行动中发挥着越来越重要的作用，为联合国维和行动训练了8,000名待命士兵。
典例翻译
①A special team of police were kept on standby during the time of violence.
在发生暴乱期间，有一支警察特别小分队处于整装待命状态。
②He was put on standby for the flight to New York.
这班飞往纽约的班机，他候补待位。
归纳拓展
1.严阵以待；随时准备着 on standby
学以致用
完成句子
①接到炸弹警报后，各紧急救助部门进入待命状态。
The emergency services were put on standby after a bomb warning.
②5辆救护车在港口待命。
Five ambulances are on standby at the port.
重点句型
1. 不定式的被动结构
James Ryan is the fourth son in his family to be sent to fight inthe Second World War. (教材P29)詹姆斯·瑞恩是他家里第四个被派去参加第二次世界大战的儿子。
典例翻译
①It is an honor for me to be invited to the party.
我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。
②He is hard to convince.
他很难被说服。
③I wanted the letter to be typed at once.
我想马上把信打好。
④The house is to let.
此房出租。
归纳拓展
（1）不定式的被动结构
动词不定式有时态和语态的变化，不定式的被动形式是考查的重点，也是难点和易混点。
不定式的一般被动形式为：to be done； 完成被动形式为：to have been done。不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动形式。
（2）不定式结构中的“隐性”被动
在某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这些形容词有：nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。
（3）主动形式表被动
不定式和它前面所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式表被动。
注意：动词不定式“to blame, to seek, to let”等与be动词连用时， 不定式常用主动形式表被动。
学以致用
完成句子
①这些书和杂志不许带出阅览室。
The books and magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room.
②这个问题很难解决。
This problem is difficult to work out .
③我认为我也该受责备。
I felt I was to blame , too.
2. 完全倒装
Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the Second World War was the massive bombing of civilians, often referred to as “terror bombing”. （教材P30）二战给人类带来的诸多恐怖事件之一就是对平民的大规模轰炸，通常被称为“恐怖爆炸”。
典例翻译
①On top of the hill stood a temple, in which lived two monks.
山上有座庙, 庙里有两个和尚。
②The door opened and in came a middle-aged man.
门开了，进来了一位中年男士。
③By the window sat a young woman with a book in her hand.
窗边坐着一位年轻女子，她手里拿着一本书。
④Among these people was my friend Tom.
这些人中有我的朋友汤姆。
归纳拓展
（1）表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词是be、come、go、lie、sit、stand、run、walk等不及物动词时，常使用完全倒装。
（2）以地点副词here、there、方位副词out、in、up、down、away及时间副词now、then等开头的句子里，常使用完全倒装，以示强调。
学以致用
单句填空
①In the east of the lake are (be)two villages, one of which is twice the size of the other.
②Then followed (follow) the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
③On the ground lay (lie)some air conditioners, which were to be shipped to some other cities.
8Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”. However， for most of them， the “war” has been purely symbolic. Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges. In 1937， the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops， while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing. To save their educational and intellectual heritage， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University， otherwise known as Lianda. Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres， most of them on foot. Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky， often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China. They had to live in rough buildings， packed 40 to a room， like sardines. There were dire shortages of food， books， and equipment. Furthermore， classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm. However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. “Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled. He sill remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows. “On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，” he said. With the country at war， students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty. Driven by a sense ofcommitment， a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact， Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China. Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters， one tenth were from Lianda， including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong. Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem: Softly， on the hillside forgotten by all， A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze; There is no trace of the footprints of history; Where brave souls once stood， breathing new life into the trees. A product of the war， Lianda is now physically gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities， not only because of its prominent professors and talented students， but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication. In 2017， representatives from Peking University， Tsinghua University， Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding. More than eighty years on， the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed. It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation， with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era. 教材译文 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方 纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常把他们的学术斗争浪漫地称为“战争”。然而，对他们大多数人来说，这场“战争”纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。 1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，简称联大。 这三所大学的教授和学生都进行了一段史诗般的旅程，行程超过了2，000千米，其中大部分人是步行的。他们的床是尘土飞扬的道路，他们的屋顶是开阔的天空，经常被日军的炸弹点亮。当他们到达中国偏远多山的西南地区时，情况也好不到哪里去。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，挤得像沙丁鱼一样，一个房间里挤满40个人。食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，经常被迫在上午10点之前和下午4点之后上课。 然而，尽管困难重重，挑战艰巨，正是在这个地方，在长达8年的时间里，我国的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，而且得到了加强，这都归功于可敬的联大学者的热情和信念。难怪在联大出现了许多(如果不是大多数的话)中国顶尖学者和科学家，包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我取得的每一项成就奠定了基础，”杨回忆说。他仍然记得在一间窗户上没有玻璃的临时教室里学习的情景。他说:“刮风的时候，我们不得不把纸压在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。” 由于国家处于战争状态，联大的学生不会逃避责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事实上，在中国的所有校园里，联大提供的学生兵数量是最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，十分之一来自联大，包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。后来，查在一首诗中描述了他的同行的贡献: …… 静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上， 还下着密雨，还吹着细风， 没有人知道历史曾在此走过， 留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。 作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不在了。但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉，不仅因为它杰出的教授和有才华的学生，还因为学校的坚韧不拔的毅力和奉献精神。2017年，来自北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，纪念联大建校80周年。 80多年过去了，联大的无价贡献仍然需要再次肯定。它已经成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，它的精神是现代中国所有大学的蓝图。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. academic / k 'demik/adj.学术的→ academy / 'k d mi/n.学院; 研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academically / k 'demik li/adv.学术上; 学业上
2. aggression / 'ɡre ( )n/n.侵略→ aggressive / 'ɡresiv/adj.好斗的; 有进取心的; 有闯劲的
3. intellectual /int 'lekt u l/adj.智力的，脑力的→ intellect /'int lekt/n.智力，理解力; 英才→ intellectually /int 'lekt u li/adv.智力上; 知性上
4. associated / 's u ieitid/adj.联合的→ association / s usi’ei n/n.协会，联盟，社团; 联合; 联想
5. rough /r f/adj.简单的; 粗糙的→ roughly /'r fli/adv.粗糙地; 粗略地→ roughnes s /'r fnis/n.粗糙; 粗暴
6. fortify /'f : tifai/v.激励，加强→ fortified /'f : tifaid/adj.加强的; 防御的
7. emerge /i’mε d /v.出现→ emergency /i’mε d nst/n.紧急情况; 突发事件
8. invader /in’veid /n.侵略者，侵略军→ invade /in’veid/vt. 侵略；侵犯；涌入→ invasion /in’vei n/n.入侵，侵略；涌入；侵犯
9. depict /di’pikt/v.描述，描写→ depiction /di’pik n/n.描写；描绘→ depictive /di’piktiv/adj.描写的；描述的
10. glory /'ɡl ri/n.辉煌的成就；荣耀的事→ glorious /'ɡl : ri s/adj.光荣的；辉煌的；壮观的→ glorify /'ɡl : rifai/vt.赞美；美化
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.联合起来 join together
2.点燃；照亮 light up
3.压制；限制；保住（工作等） hold down
4.奠定基础 lay the foundation
5.交战 at war
6.a great many 大量的
7.serve as 充当
8.a sum of 一大笔
9.break through 突围
10.track down 追踪到
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 强调句
教材原句 However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. 尽管困难重重，挑战艰巨，正是在这个地方，在长达8年的时间里，我国的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，而且得到了加强，这都归功于可敬的联大学者的热情和信念。
中文例句 直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。
句式仿写 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
2.
句型公式 It is no wonder that…难怪……
教材原句 It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. 难怪在联大出现了许多（如果不是大多数的话）中国顶尖学者和科学家，包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁和李政道。
中文例句 他没能通过期末考试，这是不足为怪的。
句式仿写 It is no wonder that he failed his final exam.
3.
句型公式 过去分词作状语
教材原句 Driven by a sense of commitment， a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. 在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
中文例句 他们很欣赏她的工作，让她当了总经理。
句式仿写 Delighted with her work，they made her the general manager.
4.
句型公式 分数表达法
教材原句 Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters， one tenth were from Lianda， including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong. 在来自全国各地担任翻译中的数千名大学生中，十分之一来自联大，包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。
中文例句 大约三分之二的学生都将参加会议。
句式仿写 About two thirds of the students are going to attend the meeting.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.What caused Lianda to be formed in Kunming
A.Thinkers’ academic struggles.
B.Immense challenges.
C.Japanese aggression.
D.Educational heritage.
答案：C
2.How did most students get to Kunming
A.By bus.B.By air.
C.On foot.D.By bike.
答案：C
3.What caused many students to join the army to defeat the invaders
A.A sense of commitment.
B.A sense of achievement.
C.A sense of loss.
D.A sense of trust.
答案：A
4.Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities
A.Because of a product of the war.
B.Because of its spirit of perseverance.
C.Because of its collective memory.
D.Because of the honour of the nation.
答案：B
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
描写战争英雄。第一段：开门见山，点明心中的英雄。描写人物，即通过文字把人物的外貌、性格等呈现给读者。人物描写的特点是用语言描绘人物的外表、行为、心理活动等。第二段：具体讲述该人物的英雄壮举。发生在一个人物身上的事很多，写作时，我们要抓住其显著的、与众不同的方面，也要抓住体现人物性格的主要活动和事件。第三段：个人评论或祝愿。在描述中，要叙述议论相结合，要对人物做出实时评价，突出人物性格。另外，时态的使用要视实际情况而定。
文本改写
【教材原文】
Yang Jingyu， an anti-Japanese hero， was born in Henan Province in 1905. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1927. In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
In 1938， the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang’s head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. In early 1940， facing a critical lack of supplies， Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups， but his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese. After these men were killed， Yang foughton alone for five days. He was eventually trackeddown on 23 February by a large unit of Japanese troops. He killed more than 20 Japanese soldiers before dying in a hail of machine gunfire. When the Japanese cut open his body， they discovered only tree bark， cotton and grass roots， but not a single grain of rice in his stomach.
Yang’s death was a huge blow to his loyal troops， but they turned sorrow into anger and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders. After the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established， Yang was reburied with full military honours， in Tonghua， Jilin Province.
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的短文。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1. against the Japanese invaders 对抗日本侵略者
2. a large number of troops 大量士兵
3. break through 突破; 突围
4. lack of supplies 缺乏补给
5. track down 追捕
6. fight on alone 孤军奋战
【句型运用】
1.杨靖宇，抗日英雄，1905年出生于河南省。
Yang Jingyu， an anti-Japanese hero， was born in Henan Province in 1905.
2.杨靖宇成为东北抗日联军的领袖。
Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army.
3.大量的军队包围了他的人，而且他们面临严重的物资短缺，所以杨决定让他们以小分队突围。
A large number of troops surrounded his men and they faced a critical lack of supplies， so Yang decided to let them break through in small groups.
4.他自己手下的60人被出卖给了日本人。结果，这些人被杀了。
His own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese. As a result， these men were killed.
5.杨独自作战，但最终还是被追捕到了。
Yang fought on alone but was eventually tracked down.
6.他在一阵机关枪的炮火中死去，肚子里没有一粒米。
He died in a hail of machine gunfire and was found without a grain of rice in his stomach.
7.中华人民共和国成立后，杨被按照最高军事荣誉重新安葬。
After the People’s Republic of China was established， Yang was reburied with full military honours.
【句式升级】
1.用非谓语动词连接第1、2句。
Born in Henan Province in 1905， anti-Japanese hero Yang Jingyu was a leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army.
2.用过去分词和介词短语修改第3句。
Surrounded by a large number of troops， Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups due to a critical lack of supplies.
3.用非谓语动词整合第5、6句。
Yang fought on alone but was eventually tracked down， dying in a hail of machine gunfire without a grain of rice in his stomach.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。（注意使用恰当的衔接词）
Born in Henan Province in 1905， anti-Japanese hero Yang Jingyu was a leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army.
Surrounded by a large number of troops， Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups due to a critical lack of supplies. However， his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese， and as a result， these men were killed. Yang fought on alone but was eventually tracked down， dying in a hail of machine gunfire without a grain of rice in his stomach.
After the People’s Republic of China was established， Yang was reburied with full military honours.
实战演练
1.请你以My hero为题，写一篇介绍你心目中的英雄的英语短文。
注意：
（1）词数不少于80；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。
My hero
解析：写作指导
体裁 记叙文
时态 一般过去时/一般现在时
人称 第三人称/第一人称
要点 1. 开门见山，点明心中的英雄；2. 具体讲述该人物的英雄壮举；3. 个人评论或祝愿。
答案：高分范文
My hero
My hero is Zhou Enlai， who was the first premier of the People’s Republic of China.
He was a great revolutionary who had devoted all his life to the cause of the liberation of China. He took part in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation. He fought bravely against the enemies in order to save the people in great sorrow. He was such a man who cared more about the people than himself. He put all the people in his heart except himself.
I admire him so much though he has been away from us for a long time. I like him best and believe that he will always be alive in the minds of Chinese people.
高级短语及句式
短语：devote all one’s life to 把某人的生命奉献给；fight bravely against勇敢地为……而战；the cause of the liberation解放事业； in great sorrow在极度的悲伤中
句式：①定语从句：He was such a man who cared more about the people than himself.②让步状语从句：I admire him so much though he has been away from us for a long time.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. emerge v.出现
It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. （教材P32）难怪在联大出现了许多（如果不是大多数的话）中国顶尖学者和科学家，包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁和李政道。
典例翻译
①He didn’t emerge from his bedroom until noon.
直到中午他才从卧室里出来。
②It emerged that they didn’t agree with each other.
这暴露出他们彼此意见不一致。
③He was a writer who had emerged out of obscurity（默默无闻）.
他是一个一举成名的作家。
④He emerged as a key figure in the campaign.
他已初露头角，成了这次运动的主要人物。
⑤The government has declared a state of emergency following the earthquake.
地震发生后，政府宣布进入紧急状态。
归纳拓展
（1）从……中出现或显露 emerge from
来源于 emerge out of
这暴露出 it emerged that…
作为……显露 emerge as
（2）emergency n.突发事件；紧急状态 adj.应急的；备用的
紧急状态 a state of emergency
在紧急情况下 in an emergency
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Several facts started to emerge from my investigation.
②The musical forms emerged out of the American black experience.
③The Pacific region has rapidly emerged as a leading force on the world stage.
（2）单句写作
④事已清楚，这家公司准备售出。
It emerged that the company was going to be sold.
⑤这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。
This door should only be used in an emergency.
2. representative n.代表
In 2017， representatives from Peking University，Tsinghua University，Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding. (教材P33)
2017年，来自北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，纪念联大建校80周年。
典例翻译
①The association is sending representatives to the conference.
协会将派代表出席大会。
②She is a sales representative for a large company.
她是一家大公司的销售代表。
③I’ll represent to him the risk he is running.
我要向他指出他所面临的险境。
归纳拓展
（1）representative n.代表；代表物
为……行事的代表 a representative for
参加……的代表 a representative to
来自……的代表 a representative of/from
（2）represent v.代表，象征，表示；作为……的代表
represent to… 向……描述
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He was in no way a representative of dog trainers in general.
②He is a representative for a large steel company.
③The representative (represent)from New Zealand spoke at the Pacific Islands Forum.
④When asked by officials to select five representatives to negotiate their demands，the crowd began to shout，“We don’t want to be represented .”(represent)
（2）单句写作
⑤这个事例典型地反映了警方的态度。
This case is a representative of the attitude of the police.
3. sum n.金额，款项；总数；总和 v.共计；求……的和
In 1938， the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang’s head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. (教材P35)1938年，日本军队出了一大笔钱买杨靖宇的人头，大批军队包围了他的部队。
典例翻译
①The expenses came to an enormous sum.
开支总数巨大。
②The appeal of this charming little town is hard to sum up.
这座迷人小镇的魅力三言两语难以讲明。
③The old man was offered a large sum of money.
这位老人获得了一大笔钱。
④In sum， it is a great challenge to prevent and control the pandemic all over the world.
总之，在全球范围内防控疫情是一个巨大的挑战。
归纳拓展
（1）总结；概括 sum up
（2）大体上；一言以蔽之；总之 in sum
一大笔钱 a large sum of money
计算；做算术题 do a sum
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① In sum， the two countries are now true economic partners.
②She summed (sum) it up as “the most brilliant lecture I’ve ever attended”.
（2）完成句子
③我很快地算出了需要花费的钱数。
I did a quick sum to work out how much it would cost.
（3）单句写作
④他为这所房子出了一笔巨款。
He paid a large sum of money for the house.
4. relevant adj.有关的，切题的
Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics from Activity 2 or think of another relevant topic. (教材P36)准备一份关于活动2中某个主题的简短报告，或者思考另一个相关的主题。
典例翻译
①Museums should play a more involved or relevant role in public life.
博物馆应扮演一个更具有参与性或与公众生活更相关的角色。
②These materials are relevant to the case.
这些材料与这起案件有关。
③Education should be closely related to students’ need.
教育应该与学生的需要紧密相关。
④It’s so small in relation to the strength of their friendship.
这事太小了，不足以影响他们之间的友谊。
⑤The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.
第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。
归纳拓展
（1）与……有关 be relevant to
irrelevant adj. 不相干的，不相关的
（2）relate v. 叙述；有关联
涉及；关于 relate to
与……有因果关系，关联 be related to
relate…to…把……和……联系起来
（3）relation n. 关系；联系；亲戚
关于；涉及；与……比较 in relation to
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Her appearance is not relevant to whether she can be a good teacher.
②It was all irrelevant (relevant)， but I didn’t want to interrupt him.
③I have nothing to say in relation (relate) to that matter.
（2）完成句子
④并不是所有的内容都与你的品位直接相关，事实上，有些内容与你完全无关。
Not all the content will be directly relevant to your tastes and in fact some of it will be completely irrelevant to you.
重点句型
1. not only…but also…不仅……而且……
But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities， not only because of its prominent professors and talented students， but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication. (教材P33)但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉，不仅因为它杰出的教授和有才华的学生，还因为学校的坚韧不拔的毅力和奉献精神。
典例翻译
①The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.
美国人和英国人不但说相同的语言，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。
②Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.
浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了更高兴，也会使人更加活泼。
③Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor.
莎士比亚不仅是一位作家，而且是一位演员。
④Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.
不仅我，而且简和玛丽都厌倦了一次又一次的考试。
⑤Not only had the poor man been arrested， but he had been sent to prison as well.
这个可怜的人不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。
归纳拓展
（1）该结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或分句，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。
（2）“not only…but also…”连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则；当not only 位于句首连接两个并列分句时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。
学以致用
完成句子
①他们不仅闯进了他的办公室，而且还撕碎了他的文件。
They not only broke into his office but (also) tore up his papers.
②不仅是你，他也从火中救出了那些男孩。
Not only you but (also) he has saved the boys from the fire.
③不仅学生喜欢踢足球，而且他们的老师也喜欢踢足球。
Not just the students but also their teacher likes playing football .
④他不仅能准确地说英语，而且说得很流利。
Not only can he speak English correctly，but he also speaks it fluently.
2. It is no wonder that …难怪……
It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. (教材P32)难怪在联大出现了许多(如果不是大多数的话)中国顶尖学者和科学家，包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁和李政道。
典例翻译
①It is no wonder that he was so punctual this morning.
难怪他今天早晨到得这样准时。
②I wonder how you came to miss your way.
我想知道你是怎样迷路的。
③I wonder whether they will arrive on time.
不知他们是否能准时到达。
归纳拓展
（1）wonder n.惊奇；惊讶；奇观；奇人
不足为奇；并不奇怪 no(little，small) wonder
惊奇地 in wonder
（2）v.想知道；感到疑惑；感到惊奇
想知道是否…… wonder+if/whether-clause
不知道…… wonder+wh-clause/to do
对……感到惊讶/疑惑 wonder at/about
（3）wonderful adj.极好的；奇异的
学以致用
单句填空
①It is no wonder that she should not write to you.
②I wonder what they call these flowers.
③He’s a wonder with the way he arranges everything without any help.
④Sadly， although the Amber Room was one of the greatest wonders (wonder)of the world，it is now missing.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.During the past four years I have had a good deal of academic (学术的) experience in communication technology.
2.Our factory was bombed (爆炸)out at that time, but we soon managed to go into production again.
3.Edwards in particular has been put forward as an author of great intellectual (知识的) distinction.
4.Restriction on trade among different countries created bitter feelings and disrupted (扰乱)the economy.
5.For those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting (令人畏惧的).
6.A good breakfast will fortify (加强) you for the day’s work.
7.The rabbit will not emerge (出现) from its hole while you are there.
8.She was rejected by her peer (同辈) group.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
a great many, lay the foundation for, due to, serve as, shirk one’s duty, blow away, at war, hold down, the largest number of, light up
1.I served as a tour guide for Beijing International Travel Service last summer.
2.Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world Of course, the answer is Chinese.
3.I knew that a great many parts of the puzzle had to fall into place.
4.While he was encouraged many times, he decided to shirk his duty .
5.Hold on to your umbrella so that it won’t blow away .
6.Can’t you understand that we are at war with these people
7.He can never hold down a job for long, because he is always late.
8.Education has laid the foundation for scientific and technological advancement and personnel training.
9. Due to limitations on space, many topics of actual substance have been left out.
10.These teachings lit up my mind, pointed out the direction and gave me endless strength.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.Throughout history, the great thinkers have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”. However, their symbolic “war” is nowhere near the real war, 1. which brings nothing but extreme suffering and immense challenges.
In 1937, because of the Japanese invasion, China’s three great universities had no choice but 2. to join (join) together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda.
The professors and students in the three universities made an epic journey, 3. covering (cover) a distance of over 2,000 kilometres. Once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China, 4. conditions (condition) were little better. They had to pack 40 to a room, like sardines. There 5. were (be) dire shortages of food, books, and equipment. 6. Furthermore/Moreover , classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks.
Despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place 7. that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. 8. Driven (drive) by a sense of commitment, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty and a great many joined the army. Many of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, claiming that Lianda laid the foundation 9. for their achievements.
Lianda is now physically gone but it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities. The 10. priceless (price) contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.
20Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① violent adj. 狂暴的，凶暴的
② objective n.目的，目标
③ violence n. 暴力
④ barely adv. 勉强才能
⑤ liberate v. 解放（城市、国家等）
⑥ memorial adj. 纪念的，追悼的
⑦ outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的
⑧ friction n. 冲突、摩擦
⑨ disarm v. 解除武装
⑩ stability n. 稳固，稳定
academic adj. 学术的
bomb v. 轰炸
intellectual adj. 智力的，脑力的
emerge v. 出现
misty adj. 多雾的
dedication n. 奉献
representative n. 代表
sum n. 金额，款项
relevant adj. 有关的，切题的
grain n. 谷物，粮食
2.拓展单词
① friction n.冲突，摩擦→ frictional adj. 摩擦（力）的；由摩擦而生的→ frictionless adj. 无摩擦的；光滑的
② disarm v. 解除武装→ arm v. 武装→ army n. 陆军，军队
③ stability n. 稳固，稳定→ stable adj. 稳定的，牢固的；稳重的→ unstable adj. 不稳定的；动荡的；易变的
④ professionalism n. 专业水准→ professional adj.专业的；职业的；职业性的→ profession n.职业；专业
⑤ disrupt v. 扰乱→ disruption n. 扰乱，打乱，中断
⑥ fortify v. 激励，加强→ fortified adj. 加强的；防御的
⑦ emerge v. 出现→ emergency n. 紧急情况；突发事件→ emergent adj. 新兴的；处于发展初期的
⑧ prominent adj. 著名的，杰出的→ prominently adv. 显著地
⑨ dedication n. 奉献→ dedicate vt. 致力；献身；题献
⑩ representative n. 代表→ represent vt. 代表；描绘
commemorate v. 庆祝，为……举行纪念活动→ commemoration n. 纪念；庆典；纪念仪式
reaffirm v. 重申，再次确定→ reaffirmation n. 重申；再断言；再确认
collective adj. 集体的；共同的→ collectively adv. 集体地，共同地→ collection n. 聚集
worthy adj. 值得敬重的；值得的→ worth adj. 值……钱的 n. 价值→ worthwhile adj. 值得花费时间（或花钱、精力等）的
committed adj. 投入的；坚信的；坚定的→ commit v. 投入；犯（罪或错）；承诺，保证→ commitment n. 承诺，保证；投入，奉献；约束，义务
survive vi.& vt. 生存；挺过（难关）→ survival n. 幸存，存活→ survivor n. 幸存者
depth n. 深度；深厚→ deep adj. 深的→ deepen vt. 使加深；使强烈→ deeply adv. 深深地
occupy vt. 占领；占用（时间、空间等）→ occupation n. 占领；占用；工作，职业
operation n. 运作；经营业务；手术→ operate v. 运作；动手术；起作用
combine vt.& vi.（使）组合；（使）联合→ combination n. 联合；结合
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1.放下；镇压 put down
2.投入; 投身于 throw into
3.把……称作, 把……当作 refer to. . . as. . .
4.为……感到悲伤 feel sad for
5.遵守; 信守; 坚持 keep to
6.在……中发挥作用 play a role in
7.待命 on standby
8.执行 carry out
9.突围 break through
10.追捕 track down
11.成功, 达到 make it
12.被广泛视为 be seen widely as
13.为……做准备 prepare for
14.与……会合 meet up with
15.从……中移走或除掉 remove. . . from
16.拂晓 at dawn
17.纪念仪式 memorial ceremony
18.向……进军 march to
19.乘降落伞 by parachute
20.暴力和恐怖 violence and horror
21.在坦克之间 amongst the tanks
22.杰出的勇敢行为 outstanding acts of courage
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.……这是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空联合行动, 目的是将西北欧从德国占领下解放出来。
. . . it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.
2.我对你们的勇气、责任心和作战能力充满了信心。
I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.
3.盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语, 为登陆诺曼底做准备。
With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.
4.与此同时, 还有数千人在战斗机的保护下穿越英吉利海峡前往诺曼底。
Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.
5.敌人藏身于各个地方, 甚至准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。
The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
6.真正的战争绝不是浪漫的, 因为它带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges.
7.这三所大学的教授和学生都进行了长达2,000多千米的史诗般的旅行, 其中大多数人都是步行。
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometres, most of them on foot.
8.他们不得不住在简陋的房子里, 一间屋子挤40个人, 就像沙丁鱼一样。
They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.
9.在一种责任感的驱使下, 许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者, 保卫国家的荣誉。
Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
10.……我们必须按住桌子上的纸, 否则纸就会被吹走。
. . . we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1.2015年, 我国隆重庆祝世界反法西斯战争暨中国人民抗日战争胜利70周年。（celebrate）
2. 和平已成为一个十分重要的问题。（nothing less than）
3. 世界各地仍有各种各样的战争, 不仅导致死亡而且造成废墟。 （not only…but also…）
4. 和平为我们在这个世界上的一切事业的最终目标奠定了基础。（lay the foundation for）
5. 我们要铭记历史, 树立担当精神, 让世界变得更和平、更和谐、更美好。 （a sense of commitment）
One possible version:
In 2015, our country celebrated the 70th anniversary of the victory of both the World Anti-Fascist War and the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. As we all know, peace has become nothing less than an important problem.
There are still various wars around the world, which cause not only death but also ruins. It seems that wars can’t be avoided. But peace lays the foundation for the ultimate goal of all of our undertakings in this world.
We must remember the history and have a sense of commitment, making the world a more peaceful, more harmonious and more beautiful place to live in.
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