Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元的学习, 了解未来智能生活, 加深学生对科技发展的了解, 培养学生的创新和实践能力。
语言能力目标 核心单词 humanity , susceptible , automation , leap , regulate , client , cite , horizon , reckon , artificial , victim , capacity , assistant , potentially , analyse , illegal , immoral , cell , bound , assess , cycle , demand , imitation , frown , desperate , tightly , consistent
重点词块 come true , be designed for , thanks to, in contrast, speak of, hang out, on the whole, be capable of, result in, can’t wait to do sth., get sth. straight, look forward to doing sth., be likely to do sth., feel confident about, wipe out, at risk, be replaced with, be concerned about, have no choice but to do, agree on, on the horizon, be bound to, around the corner, at the speed of, intend to do, bank on
单元语法 主谓一致(Subject-verb agrement)
写作能力 利用本单元所学的语言知识和策略, 学习故事续写, 考查学生语言表达能力、思维以及创新能力。
背景导学
Preparing cities for robot cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparent now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April to companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放物) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy-or even worse-the traffic of today with driverless cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport-an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
1.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced.
答案： A
2.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
答案： B
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 Artificial Intelligence: A REAL THREAT In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking, artificial intelligence will be“either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”. Technology of Tomorrow Forum wants to hear your thoughts on AI. Is it our greatest human achievement so far？Or is it the biggest threat to our existence？ Millenniumbutterfly Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone. She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her, and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences. It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants. In contrast, my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place. Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant. And speaking of hanging out, I’m hoping that self-driving cars are available soon. I’ve been taking driving lessons for over a year, and still haven’t got my licence. Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do, and can make judgements based on information. And as they won’t be susceptible to human error, they’ll certainly be a lot safer. The only thing is that there might be a few machine-learning problems when the first cars hit the market, so perhaps I’d better learn to drive first. Still, I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier. Popkid The technology you’re using and enjoying today is a basic form of AI which can’t think independently without programming. Of course, it could be very useful to have a more advanced form of AI-a truly independent form of artificial intelligence, capable of exercising its own judgement, could help us solve many of the world’s problems. But have you ever thought about the risks After all, why would an independent form of AI need to consider the opinions and desires of humans We could be seen as a “small”inconvenience that’s in the way of a solution to a bigger problem. If we’re lucky, AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around. If not, it might wipe us all out! Even if that doesn’t happen, there are other risks. Millenniumbutterfly, you say how great it would be to have self-driving cars, but what about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs They would just be among the first victims of AI. Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. Even journalists are now being replaced with technology that can write basic news reports. As it is, almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years. The truth is that none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI. Pink_ haze Machine learning is something we have come to accept as a part of our modern world. I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts. But while super-intelligent AI could be the biggest leapforward in human history, if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands, it could also be the most dangerous. However, AI is not going to go away. We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it. One thing I think we all agree on, though, is that saying “My AI did it!” won’t be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour! 教材译文 人工智能：真正的威胁？ 用斯蒂芬·霍金教授的话来说, 人工智能“要么是人类历史上最好的事物, 要么就是最糟糕的事物”。明日科技论坛想听听你对人工智能的想法。这是我们人类迄今为止最伟大的成就吗？ 抑或是我们生存的最大威胁吗？ 千禧蝶 多亏了人工智能, 我的手机里安装了我自己的超级智能个人助理。我向她提出任何问题, 她都能立即给出回答, 甚至利用我的回答来更多地了解我的偏好。我过去常常感觉好像自己有50%的时间都花在了寻找新餐馆上。相比之下, 我的个人助理只需要几秒钟就能找到适当的地方。她给我的每一个推荐都很好, 因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一家餐厅。 说到闲逛, 我希望自动驾驶汽车能很快上市。我已经上了一年多的驾驶课了, 可是还没有拿到驾照。自动驾驶汽车可以像我们一样学习驾驶, 并可以根据信息做出判断。而且由于它们不会受到人为失误的影响, 它们肯定安全得多。唯一的问题是, 当第一批车上市时, 学习自动驾驶技术可能会出现一些问题, 所以或许我最好先学会开车。不过, 我确实认为, 总体而言, 人工智能的发展将使做日常的事情变得更加容易。 流行小孩 你今天使用和享受的技术是人工智能的基本形式, 它没有编程就无法独立思考。当然, 拥有一种更高级的人工智能可能非常有用——一种真正独立的人工智能,能够行使自己的判断, 可以帮助我们解决世界上的许多问题。但是你考虑过它的风险吗？ 毕竟, 为什么一个独立的人工智能需要考虑人类的意见和愿望？ 我们可能被看作是一个“小小的”不便, 它妨碍了更大问题的解决。如果我们幸运, 人工智能可能会认为我们足够有价值, 可以留下来。如果不这样的话, 它可能会把我们都消灭！ 即使那种情况不会发生, 也存在其他风险。千禧蝶, 你说拥有自动驾驶汽车有多好, 但是所有将失去工作的出租车司机怎么办？ 他们将是人工智能的第一批受害者。从长远来看, 几乎所有的工作都存在潜在的风险。甚至记者现在也被能够撰写基本新闻报道的技术取代。照现状看, 未来20年美国近50%的就业岗位将面临来自自动化的风险。 事实上是我们都没有准备好迎接人工智能的挑战。 粉红色的烟雾 作为我们现代世界的一部分, 机器学习是我们已经接受的东西。我相信人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解释大量的数据的能力, 这意味着它甚至可以解决人类专家难以解决的问题。然而, 尽管超级智能的人工智能可能是人类历史上最大的飞跃, 但如果它出错或落入坏人之手, 它也可能是最危险的。然而, 人工智能不会消失。我们别无选择, 只能接受并管理它。不过, 有一件事我想大家都同意, 那就是说“这是我的人工智能做的！”不会成为任何违法或不道德行为的借口！
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. artificial / ɑ t f ( )l/adj. 人造的, 人工的→ artificially / ɑ t f li/adv. 人工地, 人为地; 不自然地, 做作地
2. assistant / s st( )nt/n. 助手, 助理→ assist / s st/v. 协助; 援助→ assistance / s st npoten/n. 协助; 援助
3. potentially /p tεn ( )li/adv. 潜在地→ potential /p ten l/adj. 潜在的, 有可能的n. 潜力, 潜势, 可能性
4. illegal / li ɡ( )l/adj. 非法的, 违法的→ illegally / li ɡ li/adv. 非法地→ legal / li ɡl/adj. 合法的→ legally / li ɡ li/adv. 合法地, 法律上
5. analyse / n( )la z/v. 分析→ analysis / n l s s/n. 分析结果→ analytical / n l t kl/adj. 分析的; 解析的; 分析性的
6. regulate / reɡj le t/v. 控制, 管理→ regulation / reɡju le n/n. 管理; 规则
7. immoral / m r l/adj. 不道德的; 道德败坏的→ moral / m r l/adj. 道德的; 道义上的 n. 道德; 寓意
8. leap /li p/n. 剧变 v. 跳, 跳跃; 急速移动, 猛冲
9. inconvenience / nk n vi ni ns/n. 不便; 麻烦→ inconvenient / nk n vi ni nt/adj. 不便的; 打扰的→ convenience /k n vi ni ns/n. 便利; 便利的事物
10. solution /s lu n/n. 解决方案; 解答→ solve /s lv/vt. 解决; 解答
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.come true 实现
2.thanks to 多亏
3.in contrast 与此相反
4.speak of 谈到
5.hang out 闲逛
6.有能力 be capable of
7.消灭, 彻底摧毁 wipe out
8.被……替代 be replaced with
9.处于危险之中 at risk
10.别无选择只能做…… have no choice but to do
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 do表示对谓语动词进行强调
教材原句 Still, Ido thinkthat developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier. 不过, 我确实认为, 总体而言, 人工智能的发展将使做日常的事情变得更加容易。
中文例句 记得带两张近照, 我们要给您做会员卡。
句式仿写 Do remember to take two of your recent photos with you so that we can make a membership card for you.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
1.What is the main idea of the text
A.Artificial Intelligence may be a real threat for mankind.
B.Artificial Intelligence will control human beings.
C.Artificial Intelligence will make our life better and better.
D.Artificial Intelligence will be a big mistake and very dangerous.
答案： A
Reading for the structure.
1.Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT？
Millennium-butterfly ◆His super-smart 1. personal assistant has an immediate answer for all his questions. ◆His PA can find the right 2. restaurants for him quickly. ◆He thinks 3. developments in AI will make doing day-to-day things a lot easier.
Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT？
Popkid ◆AI could help us 4. solve many problems, but there are some risks. ◆Almost 50 per cent of US jobs are 5. at risk from automation in the next 20 years. ◆6. None of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
Pink_haze ◆AI can solve problems that are too 7. challenging for human experts. ◆If AI 8. goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands, it could also be 9. the most dangerous . ◆We have no choice but to embrace and 10. regulate AI.
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.What makes Millenniumbutterfly save much time in looking for restaurants
A.His super-smart personal assistant.
B.His super-smart phone.
C.His own questions.
D.His own preferences.
答案： A
2.Why does Millenniumbutterfly want to buy a self-driving car
A.Because he likes hanging out.
B.Because he hates taking driving lessons.
C.Because it won’t be susceptible to human error.
D.Because there might be machine-learning problems.
答案： C
3.What might happen if AI thinks we’re invaluable
A.AI might exercise its own judgement.
B.AI might program by itself.
C.AI might help us solve problems.
D.AI might make us at great risk.
答案： D
4.How should we deal with super-intelligent AI
A.Destroy it completely.
B.Stop its development.
C.Analyse and interpret it.
D.Embrace and regulate it.
答案： D
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way ①that we do , and can make judgements based on information.
【分析】 way后面为定语从句①, 关系词若在从句中作状语, 通常省略关系词, 或用 that, 在较正式的文体里才用 in which 来引导。
【译文】 自动驾驶汽车可以像我们一样学习驾驶, 并可以根据信息做出判断。
2.Every recommendation ①she gives me is great ②since she can predict ③if I will like a particular restaurant .
【分析】 句中she gives me为省略关系代词that/which的定语从句①, 修饰先行词recommendation, since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant 为since引导的原因状语从句②, 其中if引导宾语从句③。
【译文】 她给我的每一个推荐都很好, 因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一家餐厅。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What is the super-smart personal assistant like
She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her, and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences.
2.How does AI help us in our life
Developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier.
3.What is the advantage and disadvantage of the advanced form of AI
It could help us solve many of the world’s problems. Maybe we humans are at risk.
4.What risks will AI make us face in the future
Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. None of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
5.What will AI bring to our human beings
AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts.
6.How should we get along with AI
We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
将上述句子转换句式（不能使用课文原句）。
1.使用词汇替换方式改写第一句。
Super-smart personal assistants are helpful, based on our preferences.
2.使用There is no doubt that…改写第二句。
There is no doubt that AI will make daily things easier.
3.使用含有but的并列复合句改写第三句。
It could help us solve many of the world’s problems, but maybe we humans are at risk.
4.使用定语从句改写第五句。
AI is able to analyse and interpret large amounts of data, which means it can even solve what challenges human experts.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Super-smart personal assistants are helpful, based on our preferences. There is no doubt that AI will make daily things easier. It could help us solve many of the world’s problems, but maybe we humans are at risk. Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. None of us is prepared for the challenges of AI. AI is able to analyse and interpret large amounts of data, which means it can even solve what challenges human experts. We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1.assistant n. 助手, 助理, 助教 adj. 助理的; 副的
Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone. （教材P38）多亏了人工智能, 我的手机里安装了我自己的超级智能个人助理。
典例翻译
①He worked as an assistantto Mr. Ming.
他给明先生当助理。
②We will have handy robots and computers to assist us with the things that are boring.
我们将有方便的机器人和电脑来帮助我们做那些无聊的事情。
③Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance of volunteers.
自1976年以来, 他一直在志愿者的帮助下经营这家商店。
④I would be of little assistance in the kind of work he was doing.
对他正在做的那种工作我几乎帮不上忙。
归纳拓展
（1）……的助理 an assistant to
（2）assist vt. 帮助; 协助; 援助
帮助某人做某事 assist sb. in doing sth. = assist sb. with sth.
（3）assistance n. 援助; 帮助
有好处, 有用处 be of assistance
在某人的帮助下 with the assistance of sb.
come to one’s assistance 来支援（帮忙）某人
social assistance 社会救助; 社会援助
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He asked us to assist him in carrying （carry）through his plan.
②She worked as an assistant （assist）to me here.
③We will come to your assistance （assist）if your car breaks down.
（2）一句多译
④你经常帮助妈妈做家务吗？
Do you often assist your mother with the housework
= Do you often assist your mother in doing the housework
2.potentially adv. 潜在地
Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. （教材P39）从长远来看, 几乎每一个工作都存在潜在的风险。
典例翻译
①The disease is potentially fatal.
这种疾病可能会致命。
②John Smith is our potential customer.
约翰·史密斯是我们潜在的顾客。
③She recognized the potential for error in the method being used.
她意识到在所采用的方法中可能出错。
④All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential.
应当鼓励所有的儿童充分发挥他们的潜能。
⑤He has the potential to become a world-class musician.
他有成为世界级音乐家的潜力。
归纳拓展
potential adj. 潜在的, 有可能的 n. 潜力, 潜势, 可能性
potential disasters 潜在的灾祸
develop/realize one’s potential 发挥/认识到某人的潜力
have the potential to do… 有潜力做……
(做)某事的可能性 the potential for (doing)sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①There is also potential for exploiting (exploit)untouched arable land resources.
②China is abundant in resources of rivers, grassland and mountains, with great potential (potentially) of development.
③The new biological science does have the potential to do (do)great harm, as well as good.
（2）单句写作
④这明显是一种潜在的危险局势。
Clearly this is a potentially dangerous situation.
⑤发掘孩子的潜在能力是很重要的。
It’s important to discover a child’s potential abilities.
3.capacity n. 能力, 才能; 职位; 容量
I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts. (教材P39)我相信人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解释大量的数据的能力, 这意味着它甚至可以解决人类专家难以解决的问题。
典例翻译
①In my capacity as president, I would like to thank Jack for his hard work.
作为总裁, 我要感谢杰克的辛勤工作。
②The mountain walk is well within the capacity of most people.
对大多数人来说, 走这条山路不成问题。
③She has an enormous capacity for hard work.
她特别能吃苦耐劳。
④You need to improve your capacity to enjoy life.
你需要提高享受生活的能力。
归纳拓展
作为……; 以……资格、身份或职位 in one’s capacity as = in the capacity of
……的能力 the capacity for
做某事的能力 the capacity to do sth.
在某人的能力范围之内/之外 within/beyond one’s capacity = within/beyond the capacity of sb.
以全(部)力(量); 满功率; 满负载 at full capacity
达到最大容量 to capacity
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①In his capacity as captain, he’s got the right to tell us what to do.
②This maths problem is too difficult, so it is beyond the capacity of most school children.
③She seems to have lost the capacity to enjoy (enjoy)herself.
（2）赏词猜义
④Their reasoning capacity must be developed. 能力
⑤She worked here in the capacity of nurse. 身份, 职位
⑥The capacity of the freezer is 1.1 cubic feet. 容量, 容积
4.illegal adj. 非法的, 违法的
One thing I think we all agree on, though, is that saying“My AI did it！”won’t be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour! (教材P39)不过, 有一件事我想大家都同意, 那就是说“这是我的人工智能做的！”不会成为任何违法或不道德行为的借口！
典例翻译
①The pedlar sells illegal drugs.
小贩出售非法药品。
②It’s an illegal act for people under 17 to drive a car in Britain.
在英国, 不满17岁的人驾驶车辆是违法的行为。
③Ben Johnson ran the Olympic race illegally.
本·约翰逊非法地参加了奥林匹克比赛。
④Seeing that she’s legally old enough to get married, I don’t see how you can stop her.
鉴于她已经到了法定的结婚年龄, 我不明白你怎么可以阻止她。
归纳拓展
（1）非法药品 illegal drugs
非法行为 an illegal act
(某人)做某事是违法的 it’s illegal (for sb.)to do sth.
（2）legal adj. 合法的
(某人)做某事是合法的 it’s legal (for sb.)to do sth.
（3）illegally adv. 非法地, 不合法地
legally adv. 合法地; 法律上
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Is it legal for boys of that age to drink (drink)alcohol
②All the illegally (legal)constructed buildings must be pulled down.
③The school is legally (legal)responsible for your child’s safety.
（2）单句写作
④如果你没有做非法的事情, 就没有必要非法越境!
There is no need for illegal border crossings if you are not doing something illegally!
5.regulate v. 控制, 管理
We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it. (教材P39)我们别无选择, 只能接受并管理它。
典例翻译
①He regulated his clock according to the radio.
他听收音机校准了他的钟表。
②A person’s behavior is often regulated by his circumstances.
人的行为常受其所处环境的约束。
③We need the regulation of share prices.
我们需要对股票价格的管制。
④The bus driver violated the traffic regulation.
这个巴士司机违反了交通规则。
归纳拓展
把钟表对准 regulate a clock
受……约束/制约 be regulated by
regulate the traffic 管理交通
regulation n. 管理; 规章; 规则
对……(规则条例)的管理 the regulation of
交通规则 traffic regulations
学以致用
单句填空
①Your watch is always slow; it needs to be regulated (regulate).
②From now on any violation of the regulation (regulate) must be cruelly punished.
③You must obey the regulation of the game.
6. hang out闲逛; 挂出; 垂下; 拖延; 坚持(战斗)
And speaking of hanging out, I’m hoping that self-driving cars are available soon. (教材P38)说到闲逛, 我希望自动驾驶汽车很快就能上市。
典例翻译
①The local kids hang out at the mall.
当地的孩子常在商场闲荡。
②Jane is afraid of people; she always hangs back when we take her to a party.
简怕见人; 我们带她去参加聚会时, 她总是踌躇不前。
③Whatever I’ve got, I’m going to hang on to it.
不管我得到什么, 我都打算紧紧把握住它。
④Decorations are hanging up everywhere in the city at the Spring Festival.
春节时城里到处张灯结彩。
归纳拓展
继续留在原处; 踌躇不前 hang back
紧紧握住 hang on to
悬挂(某物); 挂断电话 hang (sth.) up
hang on 抓紧; 坚持; 不挂断
hang up on sb. 挂断某人的电话
学以致用
单句填空
①Can you hang on for a minute
②The president has been trying hard to hang on to power.
③I saw him step forward for a moment but then hang back , nervously.
④After I hung up I remembered what I’d wanted to say.
重点句型
条件状语从句的省略
If not, it might wipe us all out! (教材P39)如果不这样的话, 它可能会把我们都消灭！
典例翻译
①It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it —if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备, 你便可以把它开着, 如果不用就把它关掉！
②I might be away next week. If so, I won’t be able to see you.
下个星期我可能外出。如果这样的话, 我就见不到你了。
③If necessary, luggage can be left in the charge of the porter.
如果必要的话, 行李可以留着由搬运工人负责。
归纳拓展
（1）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it, 且谓语动词为be动词时, 则可以省去其主语和be动词。
（2）if构成的省略形式：
如果不这样的话, 不然(表示否定意义) if not
如果这样的话(表示肯定意义) if so
如果有的话 if any
如果有过或发生过的话 if ever
如果有必要/可能的话 if necessary/possible
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Are you ready If so , let’s set off at once.
②She wants to go with us, if possible.
（2）句型转换
③Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if there are any.
→Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if any .
④I’ll go if you are going. If you aren’t going, I’d rather stay at home.
→I’ll go if you are going. If not , I’d rather stay at home.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.He is developing a robot called “Moose” in opposition to artificial (人工的) intelligence.
2.Like mad scientists, they fail because they have not filled their creations with humanity (人性).
3.She went into one of the best shops in town and explained her problems to one of the helpful assistants (助手).
4.Please note that e-mails are susceptible (易受影响的) to change.
5.Sometimes, those who came to the rescue took out their cellphones, recorded the scene, and then approached the victims (受害者).
6.Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially (潜在地) causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
7.My definition of happiness is “the capacity (能力) for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are.
8.A new study analysed (分析) information and found that the nearer they lived to the coast, the more likely people were to report good health within the past year.
9.Accidents sometimes happen even in the best regulated (管理) families.
10.Identity theft is a crime in which your personal information is stolen by someone and is used in the illegal (非法的)way.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in contrast, speak of, think about, be capable of, thanks to, hang out, be based on, be susceptible to, on the whole, at risk
1. Thanks to advanced technology, we live in a more advanced era of communication.
2. In contrast , when given alone, its effect on blood pressure is neither striking nor constant.
3.When we are speaking of experience, time is taken into account.
4.We often hang out with our friends.
5.Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
6.In the meantime they do low-paid work and are susceptible to unemployment during recessions in the economy.
7.You have made a few pronunciation mistakes in your oral exam, but on the whole , it is fairly good.
8.I never thought about going on TV shows until I was in junior high school!
9.You are capable of better work than this.
10.Lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Is artificial intelligence the greatest human achievement or the biggest threat to our 1. existence (exist) People in the Technology of Tomorrow Forum have different views. Millenniumbutterfly thinks that his daily life is more 2. convenient (convenience) with the advance of artificial intelligence. For example, he has got his super-smart personal assistant 3. built (build) into his phone. The assistant answers any question he puts to her 4. immediately (immediate) and even uses his answers to learn more about his preferences. He hopes that more breakthroughs in AI 5. will be made (make)soon so that people can enjoy more and more benefits. Popkid admits that more advanced AI could be helpful in 6. solving (solve) the world’s problems, 7. but there is a high level of risk involved. Actually, none of us 8. is prepared (prepare) for the challenges of AI. In Pink_haze’s opinion, people all need to coexist 9. with AI technology whether they like it or not. We have no choice but to embrace and regulate 10. it .
19Section Ⅱ Using language
[主谓一致（2）]
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1. （教材P41）...50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.
2. （教材P41）Every recommendation she gives me is great...
3. （教材P41）... almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.
4. （教材P41）...none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
5. （教材P41） A large number of clients have been attracted.
6. （教材P41） A recent example cited on the website is that one of the testing companies compares the talents of twins Bobby and Benny.
观察上面句子, 并分别分析主语与谓语动词的单复数形式：
1. 与分数、百分数连用的时候, 谓语动词的单复数由后面修饰的名词决定。分数后面是不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
2. 主语是“each/every+单数名词+and（each/every）+单数名词”时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
3. 分数后面是可数名词复数作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
4. none of…结构后的谓语动词用单复数形式皆可, 但如果后面的名词是不可数名词, 谓语动词要用单数形式。
5. “a number of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词为复数形式。
6. “one of+名词复数或代词宾格（复数）”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
要点精析
主谓一致（2）
主谓一致三原则, 即语法一致、意义一致（语言内容上一致）、就近一致。
主谓一致常考点
1. 单数名词（代词）、不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 复数名词（代词）作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football in the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2.“many a+单数名词”作主语, 意义虽为“许多”, 但谓语动词要用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3.“more than one+单数名词”作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时, 这些通常作一个整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 20磅并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
5. 主语是“each/every+单数名词+and （each/every）+单数名词”时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6.“one and a half+复数名词”作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式、动名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8.“a/an+单数名词+or two”作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分（主语是单数时）含有with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like等介词或介词短语时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 但“名词+as well as+名词”时, 谓语动词的数的形式一般应与第一个名词一致。
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生及老师出席了会议。
10. 当and连接的两个单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数形式, 但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词, 指的是同一个人或事物; a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词, 指两个人或事物。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。（作家和教师指同一个人）
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。（作家和老师是两个人）
A knife and fork is on the table. 一副刀叉在桌子上。
11. 不定代词somebody, someone, everyone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Is everyone here today？ 今天大家到齐了吗？
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
13. 以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义, 谓语动词通常用单数形式, 如news, maths, physics等。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
14. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数形式; 由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…, 连接两个名词或代词作主语时, 根据就近原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Either my wife or I am going. 不是我的妻子就是我要去。
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. 你、我和任何人都不知道答案。
Not only you but also he is ready to leave. 不仅你而且他也准备离开。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.I, who am （be）your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
2.Few of his family are （be）in support of him, which makes him very sad.
3.Listening to music makes （make）me relaxed after a busy day.
4.The number of students in that school has （have）greatly increased in recent years.
5.It is said that everybody is （be）going to take part in the game this afternoon.
6.The rich are （be）not always happier than the poor.
7.The factory used 65 per cent of the raw materials, the rest of which were （be）saved for other purposes.
8.Fifty dollars is （be）too expensive for the pen and you should think about it carefully.
9.Five minutes is （be）not enough to finish this work.
10.Most of the workers are （be）against the plan.
11.About 70 per cent of the earth’s surface is covered （cover）with water.
12.The rest of the girls are （be）fond of music.
13.Each of the books is （be）worth reading.
14.Both of the sisters are （be） interested in medicine.
15.All are （be） present at the meeting today.
16.All of the information is （be）very important.
17.None of them is/are （be） aware of the danger.
18.To read English aloud every morning is （be）of great benefit to your English study.
19.What he said has （have）been recorded.
20.The injured of this accident are （be） being taken good care of in hospital now.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
（2020广东深圳市高级中学高二期中）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The family who eats together
What’s the price of a family meal For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, “too much”. For instance, in the United States, 1. is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals 2. （decrease） in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals 3. （they） have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes.
So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves 4. the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly 5. （share） family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, 6. （conduct） by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse （滥用） at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are 7. （likely） to have problems with drugs and alcohol.
But those numbers, impressive 8. they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure 9. future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time.
The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable-but no less real-effects too. So often, 10. is at the family meal that the family as such-the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions-is made.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.which
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来, 在很多家庭中, 聚餐的次数下降, 但家庭聚餐有利于青少年的心理健康发展。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词是the United States, 关系代词在从句中作主语, 故填which。
答案：2.has decreased
解析：2.考查时态与主谓一致。根据时间状语“over the last twenty years”可知, 该句的时态应该用现在完成时, 主语frequency是单数, 谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has decreased。
答案：3.themselves
解析：3.考查反身代词。分析语境可知, 此处指用餐“本身”的时间缩短了, 应用反身代词themselves指代meals。故填themselves。
答案：4.what
解析：4.考查宾语从句。句意：因此, 也许我们最好问问我们自己, 不在一起吃饭的代价是什么。分析句子结构可知, 该空引导宾语从句, 从句中缺少表语, 再根据句意, 该空意为“什么”, 应用what引导该宾语从句。故填what。
答案：5.sharing
解析：5.考查非谓语动词。report doing sth. 反映做某事。故填sharing。
答案：6.conducted
解析：6.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 该句谓语动词是found, conduct与逻辑主语Another study之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词形式作定语修饰Another study。故填conducted。
答案：7.less likely
解析：7.考查形容词比较级。分析语境可知, 该空意为“更不可能（可能性更小）”, 形容词likely意为“可能的”, less likely意为“可能性更小”。故填less likely。
答案：8.as/though
解析：8.考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知, 该空所在从句是一个让步状语从句, impressive置于从句前, 作系动词seem的表语, 连词as/though都可引导让步状语从句。故填as/though。
答案：9.against
解析：9.考查介词。结合上文以及该空后的“future misfortune（未来不幸）”可知, 该空意为“反对”, 介词against意为“反对”, 与名词短语future misfortune构成介宾结构。故填against。
答案：10.it
解析：10.考查强调句。分析句子结构可知, 这是一个强调句, 被强调的部分是“at the family meal”, 强调句结构“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”。故填it。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. assess v. 评价, 评定
Bobby was assessed and his talents were revealed to be mostly scientific... （教材P41）博比接受了评定, 他的才能大部分都被证明是科学的……
典例翻译
①The hurricane swept across the south-eastern coast of the country last week and damage was assessed at ten million dollars.
上周, 飓风横扫这个国家东南海岸, 造成的损失估计为1,000万美元。
②They assessed the value of the house at 60,000 pounds.
他们估计这所房子值六万英镑。
③Continuous assessment is made of all students’ work.
对全体学生的功课作出连贯性的评定。
④Only such a small event cannot test the assessment of his ability.
只有这样一件小事不能评估他的能力。
归纳拓展
（1）估计……价值为 assess…at
估价 assess the value
不公正地评价 unjustly assess
估算有误 wrongly assess
（2）assessment n. 评价; 评估; 评定
对某人能力的评估 the assessment of one’s ability
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Her financial needs were assessed （assess）at $ 1,800 a week.
②They have assessed （assess）the amount of compensation to be paid.
③Damage to the building was assessed at 40,000.
（2）单句写作
④Ellen试图猜测她是怎么想的。
Ellen tried to assess how she thought.
2. reckon v. 认为, 以为
I reckon that nanorobots that can eliminate cancerous cells are just around the corner. （教材P43）我认为, 能够消灭癌细胞的纳米机器人即将问世。
典例翻译
①I’m proud to reckon you among my friends.
我自豪地把你看作我的朋友。
②You can always reckon on Jim; he’ll never fail you.
你总是可以相信吉姆, 他绝不会辜负你。
③He was reckoned to have the greatest talent of this generation.
他在这一代人中被公认为最具天赋的人。
④I reckon on my parents’ assistance.
我依赖我父母的协助。
⑤We reckon to finish by ten.
我们预计十点以前结束。
归纳拓展
认为……属于……之列 reckon…among
被普遍认为是……, 被看作…… be reckoned to do
预计做…… reckon to do
指望/信赖/依靠…… reckon on/upon
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Children are reckoned （reckon） to be more sophisticated nowadays.
②We reckon to arrive （arrive）in Hong Kong at night.
（2）单句写作
③我认为他很快就会来。
I reckon that he will come soon.
3. bank on依靠, 指望
Although I wouldn’t bank on patients feeling confident about seeing a robot doctor any time soon, I’m sure that AI doctors are on the horizon. （教材P43）虽然我不会指望病人们很快就会有信心随时去看机器人医生, 但我确信人工智能医生即将出现。
典例翻译
①You can always bank on me if you need money.
你要是需要钱可以永远依靠我。
②We shouldn’t count on getting their agreement.
我们不应指望会得到他们的同意。
③He was banking on getting something to eat on the train.
他指望能在火车上吃些东西。
④I’m banking on you to help me with the arrangements.
我要靠你帮忙安排这些事了。
归纳拓展
依靠/指望某人/某事 bank on sb./sth.
指望做某事 bank on doing sth.
指望某人做某事 bank on sb. to do sth.
count on 指望
学以致用
单句填空
①We were banking on knowing （know）the way to the park.
②I’m banking on your help.
4. on the horizon 将要发生
Although I wouldn’t bank on patients feeling confident about seeing a robot doctor any time soon, I’m sure that AI doctors are on the horizon. （教材P43）虽然我不会指望病人们很快就会有信心随时去看机器人医生, 但我确信人工智能医生即将出现。
典例翻译
①There is trouble looming on the horizon.
快要出事了。
②The sun rose above the horizon.
太阳升到地平线上了。
③This series of talks is intended to broaden our horizons.
这一系列讲座的目的在于扩展我们的见识。
④The setting sun disappeared below the horizon.
落日消失在地平线下。
归纳拓展
horizon n. 范围, 眼界
在地平线上/下 above/below the horizon
开阔某人的眼界 broaden one’s horizons
学以致用
完成句子
①旅行可以开阔人的眼界。
Travel can broaden one’s horizons .
②她想旅行以开阔她的眼界。
She wanted to travel to broaden her horizons .
③公司现在需要开拓新的领域。
The company needs new horizons now.
5. be bound to 很有可能, 肯定会
Some of these ideas may sound far ahead of their time, but I’m sure they’re bound to happen sooner or later! （教材P43）这其中一些想法可能听起来远远超前于它们的时代, 但我相信它们迟早会发生！
典例翻译
①He isbound to be nervous on the stage.
他在舞台上一定会紧张。
②You’re bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.
按照合同规定, 你必须在月底前付款。
③The doctor is too bound up in his work.
这位医生工作太忙。
④From that moment my life became inextricably bound up with hers.
从那时起, 我的生命就和她结下了不解之缘。
⑤It is beyond the bounds of human knowledge.
它超越了人类知识的范围。
归纳拓展
（1）bound adj. 一定会; 有义务的; 受约束的
受某物/某事约束（而必须做某事） be bound by sth. （to do sth.）
忙于某事（而无暇顾及其他） be bound up in sth.
与……息息相关 be bound up with
（2）bound n. 跳跃; 范围
超出……的范围 beyond the bounds of
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The foundation is bound by the treaty to help any nation that requests aid.
②He was too bound up in his own problems to listen to mine.
③Mark’s problems are all bound up with his mother’s death when he was ten.
（2）单句写作
④只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃, 我们一定会取得成功。
So long as we hold on to our dream and never give up, we are bound to achieve success.
重点句型
when it comes to… 当谈到/涉及……
I think it’s also fair to say that we can get our hopes up when it comes to finding cures for serious diseases, such as cancer. （教材P43）我认为, 公平地说, 在寻找治疗癌症等严重疾病的方法方面, 我们也可以满怀希望。
典例翻译
①I know little about music, but when it comes to rap, I am familiar with it.
我对音乐了解甚少, 但是谈及说唱音乐, 我却非常了解。
②I believe I have the talent to make it.
我相信我有获得成功的才干。
③When it comes to speaking in public, no one can match him.
谈及在公共场合讲话, 没人能比得上他。
归纳拓展
when it comes to…表示“当谈到/涉及……”, 其中it无具体意义, 只起担任主语的作用; to是介词, 后接名词、代词或动名词。
下列结构中的it均无明确的指代关系, 也无明确的意义：
别着急 take it easy
做到; 办成; 成功 make it
一决雌雄 fight it out
明白了 get it
学以致用
完成句子
①You come first. Get it （明白了）
②Even if it is tough, take it easy （放松点）.
③After a tiring trip, we made it （成功） to the destination.
11Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 A Boy’s Best Friend Mr Anderson said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear ” “Out on the crater,” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive ” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, going through the tests. I haven’t really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.” “Jimmy has never seen one,” said Mrs Anderson. “Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth. That’s why I’m bringing one here. I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.” Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile. He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent. “Come on, Robutt,” he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him by radio, squeaked and bounded after. Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was. He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength. “Jimmy, come back. I have something to tell you.” Mr Anderson was smiling. “We have something for you, Jimmy. It’s at the rocket station now, but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.” “From Earth, Dad ” “A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won’t need Robutt any more. We can’t keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Robutt’s only a mechanical imitation, a robot-mutt. That’s how he got his name.” Jimmy frowned. “Robutt isn’t an imitation, Dad.” “Robutt’s just steel and wiring and a simple positronic brain.” “He does everything I want him to do, Dad. He understands me.” “No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It’s just programmed to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You’ll see the difference once he gets here.” Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound. Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog ” “It’s hard to explain, ” said Mr Anderson, “but it will be easy to see. The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.” “But, Dad, we don’t know what’s inside the dog, or what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, too.” Mr Anderson frowned. “Jimmy, you’ll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.” Jimmy held Robutt tightly. He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference how they act How about how I feel I love Robutt and that’s what counts.” And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks-happy squeaks. (Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov) 教材译文 一个男孩最好的朋友 安德森先生说:“吉米在哪儿, 亲爱的 ” “在外面火山口上,”安德森夫人说。 “罗布和他在一起。他到达了吗 ”“是的。它在火箭发射站经受测试。自从15年前离开地球以来, 我还没有真正看到过狗。” “吉米从来没见过,”安德森夫人说。 “因为他出生在月球, 不能访问地球。那就是为什么我带一只狗来这里。我想这是第一只登上月球的小狗。” 正如吉米的母亲所说, 吉米在外面的环形山上。他的胳膊和腿又长又灵活。穿上宇航服后, 他看上去更笨重、更胖, 但他能承受月球引力, 这是地球上出生的人做不到的。环形山外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。倾斜很是平缓, 即使加上太空服的重量, 还是不能阻止吉米的身体跳着跃向山坡, 看上去就像重力似乎不存在一样。 “来吧, 罗布,”他喊道。罗布通过电波辨认出他的声音, 它尖叫着蹦蹦跳跳地跟在后面。 吉米, 他虽然是专家, 也无法超越不需要太空服的罗布, 它有四条腿和钢铁般的肌腱。只要有罗布在周围, 吉米就不会出错, 当吉米太靠近岩石时就拦住他, 或跳到他身上显示它是多么爱他, 或者当吉米躲在一块石头后面时, 它会绕着圈子, 发出低低的吱吱声, 使人害怕,无论什么时候, 罗布都对吉米的位置了如指掌。 他在自己的私人波段听到了父亲的声音：“吉米, 回来。我有事要告诉你。” 安德森先生笑了,“我们有东西要给你, 吉米。它现在在火箭发射站, 但是我们明天所有的测试结束后就可以拿到它了。” “来自地球, 爸爸 ” “一只来自地球的狗, 儿子。第一只登上月球的狗。你再也不需要罗布了。我们不能把它们两个都留下, 其他的男孩或女孩会有罗布。”他似乎在等吉米说什么, 然后他说:“吉米, 你知道狗是什么。狗是有生命的。罗布只是一个机械的仿制品, 一只机器狗。那就是它的名字的由来。” 吉米皱起了眉头。“爸爸, 罗布不是仿制品。” “罗布只有钢铁、电线和一个简单的电子大脑。” “爸爸, 我要它做什么它就做什么。它懂我。” “不, 儿子。罗布只是一台机器。它只是按照自己的方式运行。狗是活着的。一旦它到这儿, 你会看到这种差别。” 吉米看着罗布, 它又在吱吱叫了, 那是一种很低很慢的吱吱声, 似乎受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂, 罗布一下子就跳了进去。 吉米说:“罗布和那只狗有什么不同 ” “这很难解释,”安德森先生表示,“但很容易看出来。狗狗会真的爱你。罗布只是做出调整, 表现得好像它也爱你一样。” “但是, 爸爸, 我们不知道狗的内心是什么, 也不知道它的感受是什么。也许这只是演戏罢了。” 安德森皱起了眉头。“吉米, 你会知道的, 当你体验到对一个生物的爱时, 你会感到其中的不同。” 吉米紧紧地抱着罗布, 他也皱着眉头, 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。他说,“但是它们的行为有什么不同呢 我的感觉如何 我爱罗布, 这才是重要的。” 小机器狗自诞生起从来没有被抓得这么紧过, 它吱吱叫得又高又快——快活的吱吱声。 (根据艾萨克·阿西莫夫写的《孩子最好的朋友》节选改编)
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. agile /' d a l/adj.敏捷的, 灵活的→ agilely /' d l /adv. 灵活地; 头脑敏捷地
2. mechanical /m 'k n kl/ adj.机械的→ mechanically /m 'k n kli/adv. 机械地; 呆板地; 物理上地→ mechanic /m 'k n k/n.技工, 机修工
3. imitation / m 'te n/n.仿制品→ imitate /' m te t/vt. 模仿, 仿效; 仿制→ imitative /' m t t ve/adj. 模仿的; 仿制的
4. tightly /'ta tli/adv.紧紧地→ tight /ta t/adj. 紧的; 严密的; 绷紧的→ tighten /'ta tn/v. 变紧; 使变紧
5. desperate /'desp r t/adj.拼命的, 绝望的→ desperately /'desp r tli/adv. 拼命地; 绝望地; 极度地
6. faulty /'f : lti/adj.有故障的, 有缺陷的→ fault /f : lt/n. 故障; 过错; 缺点; 毛病→ faultless /'f : ltl s/adj. 完美的; 无缺点的
7. consistent /k n’s st nt/adj.一贯的, 一致的→ consistently /k n’s st ntli/adv. 一贯地; 一致地; 坚实地
8. southern /'s n/adj. 向南的; 南方的→ south /sa θ/n. 南 adj.南方的 adv.向南, 朝南
9. adjust / 'd st/vi.& vt. 适应, 习惯; 调整, 调节→ adjustment / 'd stm nt/n.调整, 调节; 适应→ adjustable / 'd stble/adj.可调整的, 可调节的
10. exist / g’z st/vi.存在; 生存→ existence / g’z st ns/n.存在; 生活→ existing / g’z st /adj.现有的, 现存的
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.参加; 经受; 仔细检查; 通过 go through
2.出毛病; 弄错; 发生故障 go wrong
3.一直; 总是 all the time
4.坚持, 维持; 伸出; 提供机会 hold out
5.调节; 调整以适应 adjust to
6.change one’s mind 某人改变主意
7.set out 出发; 开始; 陈述; 陈列
8.be consistent with 与……一致
9.in shock 震惊
10.break down 出故障; (计划等)失败; (身体、精神等)垮掉
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 though/as引导让步状语从句的倒装形式
教材原句 Jimmy,expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. 吉米, 他虽然是专家, 也无法超越不需要太空服的罗布, 它有四条腿和钢铁般的肌腱。
中文例句 虽然他一直在努力学习, 但他还是没有通过那次考试。
句式仿写 Hard as/though he had been working, he didn’t pass the exam.
2.
句型公式 once引导状语从句
教材原句 You’ll see the differenceoncehe gets here. 一旦它到这儿, 你会看到这种差别。
中文例句 你一旦陷进深雪中, 那就很难出来。
句式仿写 Once you’re stuck in deep snow, it’s difficult to get out.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Who wanted to know where Jimmy was
A.Mr Anderson.B.Mrs Anderson.
C.Robutt.D.A Moon-born man.
答案：A
2.What made Jimmy look very fat
A.The crater.B.The spacesuit.
C.The lunar gravity.D.The Earth.
答案：B
3.Why did Robutt run faster than Jimmy
A.Because it could rolled around.
B.Because it knew well about the race.
C.Because it didn’t need a spacesuit.
D.Because it was born on the moon.
答案：C
4.What was Robutt actually according to the passage
A.A dog from the Earth.B.A man from the Earth.
C.A robot like a human.D.A little robot dog.
答案：D
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是“续写故事”, 落实了“Listening and Speaking”的交际功能, 使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实。续写故事, 对于已经有了一定学习基础的本阶段的学生来说, 是大开脑洞、激发思维、创新写作的机会。
读后续写
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合、综合考查学生语言表达能力、思维以及创新能力的有效题型。
1. 续写内容虽然没有明确的限制, 但在形式上设置了两个方面的限制：一是词数方面, 所续写的词数应为150左右; 二是续写方面, 分两段, 每段开头语已写好, 在方向上对续写内容进行了一定的限制;
2. 续写所给的段落开头语均对故事的发展有提示、衔接、引导和限制作用;
3. 续写时要注意站在作者的角度, 保持原作语言风格和写作思路, 内容导向要积极向上, 尽量把事物美好的一面展现给读者。
阅读下面短文, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guest room of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm,” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don’t be late for supper,” Uncle Paul cried. “And keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!” “OK!” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colours of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.
We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.
【审题谋篇】
Who I, Dad, Uncle Paul, Tina, Ryan and Kyle
When an afternoon in summer
Where in the mountains of the Wild West
What So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains.
How After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
Why I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride…
【预设情节】
1.Paragraph 1: 小兔子跳到马前。担心弄伤兔子, 作者竭力牵住马。（1） 马开始惊慌失措地跑了起来 。一切都太突然, 作者惊呆了。（2） 父亲告诉作者牵住缰绳 , 马才慢慢停了下来。等到下马时, 作者发现找不到原来的路, （3） 他们真的迷路了 。
Paragraph 2: 天黑了下来, 又迷路了。又饿又累, 作者担心真的找不到回去的路。(4) 作者大声喊叫, 但没有回应 。父亲有点儿担心, 提醒作者保持冷静。听到了河的流水声, 作者想了想, (5) 觉得可以沿着河流找到回去的路 。不久他们就看到了远处的灯光。他们安全了。这真是以前没有经历过的一个刺激的假期。
【词汇储备】
1.惊叫一声 let out a cry
2.松手放开 let go of
3.保持冷静 keep calm
4.使我感到宽慰的是 to my relief
5.从……跳下 jump off
6.迷路 get lost
7.不久 before long
8.看见 catch sight of
【句型运用】
1.我担心会伤害这个可爱的小动物。
I was afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature.
2.我不假思索地大叫一声让马停下来。
I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.
3.但是, 在我们跳下马来之前, 我们发现我们已经偏离了走过的路, 迷失了方向。
But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost.
4.我一直大声呼救, 但是没有回应。
I kept shouting for help, but there was no reply.
5.我希望有人能听到我的叫声。
I hoped my shouts could be heard by someone.
【句式升级】
1.用形容词作状语连接1和2。
Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.
2.用分词短语作状语连接4和5。
I kept shouting for help, hoping my shouts could be heard by someone, but there was no reply.
【串句成文】
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse. However, it became scared and started to run like crazy. All this coming without warning, I was seized by fear. “Don’t let go of the rope! Keep calm!” yelled Dad. I followed what he told me to do. To my relief, it stopped slowly. But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost.
We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. I kept shouting for help, hoping my shouts could be heard by someone, but there was no reply. Dad sounded a little worried as he reminded me to keep calm. It was then that my mind raced. “Listen, Dad, the rushing river water,” I shouted excitedly. “We can return to the farm house down the river.” Before long, we caught sight of the lights in the distance. We knew we were safe. What a thrilling vacation we had, like never before!
实战演练
1.阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
eight-year-old Carol lived with her father David, Mother May and elder brother Rob. The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrounded with beautiful nature. The village was at the foot of a mountain, with beautiful views of the snowy mountain. The family survived on growing seasonal plants and trees. Their life was totally surrounded by nature and beauty.
While they lived a very happy life, Carol did not love the beautiful atmosphere of the village. She really wanted to move into the city and enjoy the city life. She wanted to shop, move around the city, watch movies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
However, there was hardly any chance that Carol’s family moved to the city as they had everything in the village.
One day, Carol fell asleep during the early noon and she had a sound sleep. Of course, she had a strange dream. She saw her grandmother in her dream as a fairy and her deceased grandmother granted her a wish. Carol requested her that she should love to enjoy the city life as she always desired.
Grandmother understood the desire of Carol, but still wanted to convince her that the peaceful village life was better than the city life.
She told Carol, “Baby, you cannot have access to fresh fruits and vegetables from plants as you have at your home. You cannot breathe fresh air. You cannot play with animals. You can hardly find any trees. You will not find peace as you see here! Do you still want to go to the city ”
Without hearing the concerns, Carol asked her grandmother to grant the wish. Grandmother granted her wish, but with a condition. Carol was told that she would only have 6 hours to spend in the city. Later, she would return to the village. Carol agreed.
注意: 续写词数应为 150 左右。
Carol then found herself in the city with her friends.
Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up.
解析：深度解析
确定故事要素
要素 内容
Who Carol, David, May, Rob, her late grandmother
When during the early noon
Where in the village
What Carol had a strange dream. She saw her grandmother as a fairy, who granted her the wish.
Why Carol really wanted to move into the city and enjoy the city life.
解析：提取故事线索
故事线索Clue a dream-desire—peaceful village life
开端Beginning The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrounded with beautiful nature. Carol was eager to live in the city.
发展Development Carol had a dream, where she saw her late grandmother. Her deceased grandmother as a fairy granted her a wish to enjoy the city life.
高潮Climax She would only have 6 hours to spend in the city.
结局Ending 续写部分
解析：续写情境推理
Para. 1: Carol then found herself in the city with her friends.
What did Carol want to do
She really wanted to move into the city and enjoy the city life. She wanted to shop, move around the city, watch movies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
(此处体现Carol对大城市的渴望。)
Para. 2: Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up.
1. Was the city life as beautiful as she wished
She realized that her life in the village with her family was far more wonderful than the city life. (续写故事要有积极向上的价值观, 体现积极的人生观, 所以要珍惜眼前的美好。)
2. What did Carol do after she woke up
She shared her dream with her family while enjoying the fresh fruits and vegetables, and they laughed together.
(依据所给材料, Carol对比她现有的生活, 发现了农村生活的安宁, 她和家人在农村更快乐。）3. How did she live her life then
Carol also developed love for plants, animals and beautiful nature.
（最后段落要体现出Carol感受到大自然的美好并与之和谐相处。）
答案：高分范文
Carol then found herself in the city with her friends. Carol and her friends went to watch movies. After that they ate delicious food in a restaurant and shopped in a huge mall. Carol was happy that she had the chance to experience the life in the city. Yet at the same time, she understood that everything told by her grandmother was true in the city. There was no peace and no silence; the city life was fast and busy. The air quality was not satisfying. She could hardly find any animal or even a tree.;
Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up. She recalled what happened just now in her dream and realized that her life in the village with her family was far more wonderful than the city life. Carol understood that she was having a more joyful life. She shared her dream with her family while enjoying the fresh fruits and vegetables, and they laughed together. Carol also developed love for plants, animals and beautiful nature.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. desperate adj.拼命的, 绝望的; 极渴望的; 危急的
He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. (教材P45)他也皱着眉头, 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。
典例翻译
①He’s desperate for money.
他极渴望得到钱。
②The sudden loss of his money made him desperate.
突然丢钱使他很绝望。
③Other women are desperate to get back to work.
其他妇女都渴望恢复工作。
④She looked desperately around for a weapon.
她在四下里找, 急于弄到一件武器。
归纳拓展
1.极需某物; 极想要某物 be desperate for sth.
2.渴望做某事 be desperate to do sth.
3.绝望地; 不顾一切地; 拼命地adv. desperately
4. feel/be desperate about 对……绝望
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I felt desperate about my future.
②He was desperate for work to provide food for his children.
③Even if you are desperate to get （get）married, never let it show.
（2）完成句子
④他们渴望从农业转向工业, 而且他们极其需要这样做。
They are desperate to shift from farming to industry, and they need to do it so desperately .
2. slope v.有坡度, 倾斜 n.斜坡, 倾斜
The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. (教材P44)环形山的外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。
典例翻译
①The town is built on a slope.
这个城镇建在斜坡上。
②Don’t think you can slope off just because my back’s turned.
别以为我转过身去你就可以溜掉。
③The horses laboured up the steep slope.
那些马费力地爬上了陡坡。
归纳拓展
（1）slope n. 斜坡; 倾斜
在斜坡上 on a slope
缓/陡坡 a gentle/steep slope
（2）slope v. 有坡度, 倾斜
slope to 倾斜至
slope towards 向……倾斜
潜逃, 迅速走开 slope off
学以致用
单句填空
①Let’s slope off somewhere quiet and have a drink.
②The road slopes gradually to the village.
③The hospital is on the eastward slope of the hill.
④He spends all winter on the slopes (slope)( = skiing).
3. consistent adj. 一贯的, 一致的
Now make comments on your partner’s story and see whether the language style is consistent. (教材P47)现在对你同伴的故事进行评论, 看看语言风格是否一致。
典例翻译
①Once, we saw it was moving in a pattern consistent with an orbit.
有一次, 我们看到它以与轨道一致的方式移动。
②His words does not consist with facts.
他的话与事实不符。
③His breakfast consists of dry bread and a cup of tea.
他的早餐由不涂黄油的面包和一杯茶组成。
④Good service consists in punctuality and dependability.
良好的服务在于守时与可靠。
归纳拓展
（1）consistent adj. 一贯的
与……一致/符合的 be consistent with
（2）consist v. 组成; 在于; 符合
由……组成 consist of
存在于…… consist in
和……一致 consist with
误区警示
consist of不用于被动语态和进行时。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① Consisting (consist) of two campuses, this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4,000 students and teachers.
②True wealth does not consist in what we have but in what we are.
③She’s not very consistent (consist) in the way she treats her children.
（2）句型转换
④This report consists with what we have already known.
→This report is consistent with what we have already known.
4. hold out伸出
Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound. (教材P45)吉米伸出双臂, 罗布一下子就跳了进去。
典例翻译
①Doctors hold out little hope of her recovering.
医生对她的痊愈基本不抱希望。
②The operator asked the caller to hold on until a connection was made.
接线员请打电话者不要挂断, 等候电话接通。
③He was so impatient that I could hardly hold him back.
他是那样急躁, 我简直拉不住他。
④How soon can you get hold of that young man
你什么时候才能找到那个年轻人呢
归纳拓展
1.寄予(希望); 维持, 坚持 hold out
2.阻挡; 控制(感情等) hold back
3.别挂断(电话), 稍等; 握紧 hold on
4.抓住; 设法联系上 get hold of
5. hold up耽搁, 阻碍
学以致用
（1）用hold短语的正确形式填空
①When the writer arrived home and saw his mother, he couldn’t hold back his tears.
②We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out .
③Sorry, I’m late, but my train was held up on the way.
④ Hold on to the seat in front when we go round the corner.
（2）完成句子
⑤如果一个超重的人吃了很多, 我就会控制一点, 因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。（2020全国新高考, 阅读理解）
If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
重点句型
1. This/That is/was why…这/那就是……的原因。
That’s why I’m bring one here. (教材P44)那就是为什么我带一个来这里。
典例翻译
①Tom was ill. That was why he came late for the meeting.
汤姆病了。那就是他开会迟到的原因。
②I think, this is why I’ve travelled thousands of miles.
我想, 这就是我不远千里赶来的原因。
③This is because there are many careless people.
这是由于有很多粗心的人。
④The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。
归纳拓展
（1）那/这就是为什么……(why引导的从句表示结果) That/This is/was why…
（2）那/这是因为……(because引导的从句表示原因) That/This is/was because…
（3）……的原因是…… The reason why…is/was that…
学以致用
1.完成句子
①汤姆开会迟到了。那是因为他没赶上公共汽车。Tom came late for the meeting. That was because he didn’t catch the bus.
②汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。
The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill .
③这是因为植物可以用空气、水和阳光制造食物。
This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight.
④我写这封信的原因是我有一个关于写作风格的问题。
The reason why I write this letter to you is that I have a problem in respect of the writing style.
2. so that引导结果状语从句
The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. (教材P44)环形山的外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。
典例翻译
①Speak louder so that everybody can hear you.
大声点讲话, 让每个人都能听见。
②We arrived early in order that we got good seats.
为了占到好座位, 我们到得很早。
③It was very cold, so that the river froze.
天气寒冷, 因此河水都结冰了。
④He noted every detail so as to/in order to fix the scene in his mind.
他注意到了每一个细节以便牢记这个场面。
归纳拓展
（1）so that“为了, 以便, 目的是”, 引导目的状语从句, 相当于in order that(为了)。从句中常常使用情态动词can/could、may/might、will/would等。so that引导的目的状语从句不能放于句首, 而in order that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首, 也可放在主句之后。
（2）当so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时, 从句可变为so as to或in order to的动词不定式短语。
（3）so that引导结果状语从句, 意为“因此, 所以”。
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①我将告诉你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
I will tell you all the facts so that/in order that you can judge by yourself.
②为了准时赶到那里, 我们应该早些出发。
In order that we can get there on time, we should set out early.
（2）句型转换
③He raised his voice to make himself heard.
= He raised his voice so as to/in order to make himself heard .
= He raised his voice so that/in order that he could make himself heard .
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.They said they found a fresh crater (火山口)exactly where Mr. Stuart had photographed the bright light.
2.At 20 years old he was not as strong, as fast, as agile (灵活的) as he is now.
3.My judgement was frequently faulty (有缺陷的), but my loyalty to the nation could not be questioned.
4.I’ve been hoping we might turn up some clues (线索)here.
5.The bank slopes (倾斜)down sharply to the river.
6.The children had a competition to see who could hop (跳跃)the fastest.
7.As I came up in the elevator just now, it squeaked (发出吱吱声).
8.Jim frowned (皱眉)from time to time when he caught the curious glance of some strangers.
9.In other words, the wave has gained (or lost) half a wavelength (波长)in the process of reflection.
10.Whatever the style, it should be consistent (一贯的).
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
hold out, as though, in shock, have no choice but, go through, be bound to, bank on, on the horizon
1.She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up.
2.Everyone was in shock . Some people were crying and no one really knew what was happening.
3.He opened his lips as though he would say something to you or make some reply.
4.We are bound to do what we can to help the disabled.
5.Seeing her son again after two years’ absence, the mother held out her arms to embrace him.
6.More help is on the horizon for China’s film industry.
7.I don’t know anything about luck. I’ve never banked on it, and I’m afraid of people who do.
8.I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material attached to the letter.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.
The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, 1. which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was 2. brightly （bright） lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the 3. weight （weigh） of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.
Jimmy, expert 4. though/as he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need 5. a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong 6. while Robutt was around, 7. tripping （trip） him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him 8. to show （show） how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy 9. hid （hide） behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough 10. where he was.
20Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① artificial adj.人造的, 人工的
② humanity n. 人类
③ susceptible adj. 易受影响的
④ victim n. 受害者
⑤ potentially adv. 潜在地
⑥ automation n. 自动化
⑦ capacity n. 能力, 才能
⑧ analyse v. 分析
⑨ leap n. 剧变
⑩ regulate v. 控制, 管理
illegal adj. 非法的, 违法的
immoral adj.不道德的, 道德败坏的
tightly adv. 紧紧地
cite v. 引用, 引述
assess v. 评价, 评定
desperate adj. 拼命的, 绝望的
frown v. 皱眉
reckon v. 认为, 以为
demand n. 需要, 需求
consistent adj. 一贯的, 一致的
2.拓展单词
① personal adj. 个人的; 身体的; 亲自的→ personally adv. 亲自地; 当面; 个别地; 就自己而言→ personality n. 个性; 品格; 名人
② recommend vt. 推荐; 劝告; 建议; 介绍→ recommendation n. 推荐; 建议; 介绍信
③ judge vt. 评判, 判定; 判断; 判决→ judgement n. 判断力, 意见; 判决, 宣判
④ independent adj.独立的→ independently adv. 独立地→ independence n. 独立
⑤ convenient adj. 方便的, 便利的→ convenience n. 方便, 便利; 便利的设施或用具→ inconvenient adj. 不方便的
⑥ solution n. 解决办法, 解答→ solve vt. 解决; 解答
⑦ potential adj. 潜在的, 有可能的 n. 潜力, 可能性→ potentially adv. 潜在地
⑧ analyse v. 分析→ explanation n. 分析
⑨ regulate v. 控制, 管理→ regulation n. 管理; 规则
⑩ immoral adj. 不道德的, 道德败坏的→ moral adj. 道德上的, 有道德的 n. 道德, 品行
legal adj. 合法的→ illegal adj. 非法的, 违法的
behave vt.&vi. 表现→ behaviour n. 行为
consistent adj. 一贯的, 一致的→ consistently adv. 一贯地; 一致地; 坚实地
tightly adv. 紧紧地→ tight adj. 紧的; 密封的; 绷紧的→ tighten vt.变紧; 使变紧
faulty adj. 有故障的, 有缺陷的→ fault n. 故障; 错误; 缺点; 毛病→ faultless adj.完美的; 无缺点的
desperate adj. 拼命的, 绝望的→ desperately adv.拼命地; 绝望地; 极度地
mechanical adj. 机械的→ mechanically adv.机械地; 呆板地; 物理上地→ mechanic n. 技工, 机修工
imitation n. 仿制品→ imitate vt. 模仿, 仿效; 仿造, 仿制→ imitative adj. 模仿的; 仿制的
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1.实现 come true
2.多亏 thanks to
3.与此相反; 比较起来 in contrast
4.晾晒; 闲逛 hang out
5.基本上, 大体上 on the whole
6.能够 be capable of
7.结果; 导致 result in
8.轮流做某事 take turns to do sth.
9.迫不及待地做某事 can’t wait to do sth.
10.很可能做某事 be likely to do sth.
11.对……感到自信 feel confident about
12.擦除; 消灭 wipe out
13.处境危险 at risk
14.对……担忧/关心 be concerned about
15.除了做……别无选择 have no choice but to do
16.对……取得一致意见 agree on
17.将要发生 on the horizon
18.很有可能, 肯定会 be bound to
19.即将到来 around the corner
20.依靠, 指望 bank on
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.你关心人工智能的发展吗
Are you concerned about developments in AI
2.多亏了人工智能, 我的手机内置了我自己的超级智能私人助理。
Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.
3.而且因为他们不会受到人为错误的影响, 所以它们肯定会安全得多。
And as they won’t be susceptible to human error, they’ll certainly be a lot safer.
4.我们别无选择, 只能接受并管理它。
We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.
5.我认为, 毫不夸张地说, 当谈到发现治疗癌症等严重疾病的方法时, 我们可以燃起希望。
I think it’s also fair to say that we can get our hopes up when it comes to finding cures for serious diseases, such as cancer.
6.这其中一些想法听起来可能远远超前于它们的时代, 但我相信它们迟早会发生的!
Some of these ideas may sound far ahead of their time, but I’m sure they’re bound to happen sooner or later!
7.我爱罗布, 这才是重要的。
I love Robutt and that’s what counts.
8.他也皱着眉头, 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。
He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind.
9.现在, 对你同伴的故事发表评论, 看看语言风格是否一致。
Now make comments on your partner’s story and see whether the language style is consistent.
10.直到一个小时后, 他才注意到卡罗琳把她的紧急呼叫装置留在了早餐餐桌上。
It was not until an hour later that he noticed that Carolyn had left her emergency call device on the breakfast table.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 将来, 人类的生活将会和今天大不相同。（be different from）
2. 随着医学的发展, 平均来说, 一个人会活到120岁左右。（with the development of）
3. 由于新能源的发现, 环境污染将得到控制。（under control）
4. 人们的日常生活一定会发生很大的变化。（be bound to）
5. 你可以指望机器人帮你做所有的家务。你的椅子会根据你的穿着改变颜色。（bank on）
6. 你也可以把手机戴在手腕上, 在说话时就能看到来电者; 你甚至可以乘坐新的电梯去太空度假。（while doing）
One possible version:
In the future, man’s life will be very different from that of today. First, with the development of medicine, on average, a person will live to the age of about 120. Second, because of the discovery of new energy, environmental pollution will be under control. Third, people’s daily life is bound to change greatly, too. For example, you can bank on robots to do all your housework for you. Your chair will change its color to match what you’re wearing. You can also put your mobile phone around your wrist and can see the caller while speaking; you can even take a new elevator into space for your holidays.
4
