Unit 5 Learning from nature
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元的学习, 加深学生对大自然动植物和人类关系及其重要性等的了解, 培养学生观察大自然和热爱大自然的能力。
语言能力目标 核心单词 architect, superb, frontier, pond, sow, wisdom, employ, bat, physician, bow, rural, decent, cotage, withdraw, domestic, depresive, purity, resign, botanical, reject, ease, attain, evaluate
重点词块 stick with, be based on, be fed with, be converted into, in harmony with, meet the needs of, respond to, seek solutions to, take in spiration from, take.. for granted, at ease with
单元语法 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语（Non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative）
写作能力 利用本单元所学知识、技能和策略能够写一篇因违背自然规律而得到教训的短文。
背景导学
Landscape architecture works well adding beauty to a certain location. For example, Japanese gardens develop the relationship between Victoria and the Aichi Prefecture in Japan. Landscape architecture focuses on design and environment management. However, there are some amazing facts to know about when people are dealing with landscape architecture designs.
The source of the idea of landscape architecture: according to ancient tales, Frederick Law Olmsted and Capability Brown started the profession in the 18th century, known as the pioneer of landscape architecture work.
The term “landscape” first was used in painting: With landscape paintings, the painter can highlight the beauty of nature while covering humans and animals in little amount, by inserting the light to the paintings to leave the paintings with liveliness. When it comes to architecture, landscape means the distinguishing characteristics of natural features created by landscape architects in Melbourne for the beautiful outdoors.
Australia is the capital of landscape architecture: Landscape architecture is highly appreciated in Australia due to how it has transformed beautiful cities and coastlines into the artwork highly praised by tourists and locals. Even, with so many landscape architects, it is surprising that the country has the record of having the most national parks.
The most viewed landscape is in the image of our desktop screen: The most visited landscape is the image photographed and used as the background image for Windows XP. It is the image of a small field located in North California, seen by more than 1 billion.
A sample tree won’t live forever: You might have the dream of building a new house around a beautiful sample tree, but it won’t go well for long. So, before designing, talk to the arborist （树艺家）to find the health of the tree.
So, next time you travel a worth-visiting place, spend a moment appreciating the landscape architecture for the way they have estimated the necessary factors for construction project management in Melbourne and delivered the best out of their ideas.
1.What function does landscape architecture have
A. Beautifying the environment.
B. Helping people enjoy landscape paintings.
C. Helping people learn design management.
D. Developing humans’ relationship.
答案：A
2.What may be the best title for the text
A. Learn the history of landscape architecture
B. Know more facts about landscape architecture
C. Research into the situation of landscape architecture
D. Make a list of benefits of landscape architecture
答案：B
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 Nature in Architecture Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof. An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella. It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. ArtScience Museum, Singapore People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. The Eastgate Centre, Harare Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests. The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. The Algae House, Hamburg The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all-the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not onlyresponds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. 教材译文 建筑中的自然元素 我们身边都有花、草、树木, 并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上, 我们已经习惯了它们的存在, 甚至我们可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果, 我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片; 看到一朵绽开的花, 我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的, 但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感, 也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。 我们身边许多最迷人的设计, 包括建筑设计, 它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方, 在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今, 建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法,模仿自然运行的方式, 甚至让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。 新加坡艺术科学博物馆 对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花, 漂浮在海滨长廊上, 四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水, 雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后, 水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时, 参观者常常叹为观止。 哈拉雷东门大厦 哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例, 利用仿生技术, 在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴, 从中得到启发, 从而设计了东门大厦。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘, 以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。东门大厦也用了相似的方法, 大厦的“皮肤”上设计了很多洞。白天, 暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部, 在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间, 墙壁在白天吸收的热量使冷空气变暖, 创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求, 因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。 汉堡藻屋 世界上第一座藻类能源建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面覆盖着含有藻类的面板。藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料, 促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候, 它们长得更快, 可以遮阴。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量, 并转化为电能, 给建筑物供电。除此之外, 面板内的藻类可以收集起来, 做燃料用。因此, 该建筑不仅能够适应环境, 减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源, 减少对环境的危害。 创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界, 同时满足当下的需求, 这可能是一项挑战, 但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙, 教我们如何实现这个目标。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. architect /'ɑ k tekt/n.建筑师→ architecture /'ɑ k tekt （r）/n.建筑学; 建筑艺术; 建筑风格; 建筑设计
2. superb /sju:'p b/adj.极好的, 出色的→ superbly /sju:'p bli/adv.庄重地; 极好地
3. frontier /'fr nt /n.知识/物理学等的前沿→ front /fr nt/n.前面; 正面; 前线 adj. 前面的, 前部的; 正面的
4. respond /r 'sp nd/vi.回答; 作出反应→ response /r 'sp ns/n.响应; 反应; 回答
5. harmony /'hɑ m ni/n.和谐, 协调, 融洽→ harmonious /hɑ 'm n s/adj.和谐的; 协调的→ harmoniously /hɑ m ni sli/adv.和谐地; 调和地
6. renew /r 'nju:/vt.更新→ renewable /r 'nju: bl/adj.可再生的→ unrenewable / nr 'nju: bl/adj.不可再生的
7. similar /'s m l r/ adj.相似的→ similarity /'s m 'l r ti/n.类似; 相似点
8. inspire / n’spa （r）/vt.赋予灵感; 激励, 鼓舞→ inspired / n’spa d/adj.受……影响的→ inspiring / n’spa r /adj.鼓舞人心的→ inspiration /' nsp 're n/n.灵感; 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
9. collect /k 'lekt/vt.收集; 募捐→ collection /k 'lek n/n.作品集; 收藏品; 一批（人或物品）; 取走
10. absorb / b’z : b/vt.吸收; 理解; 使全神贯注→ absorbed / b’z : bd/adj.全神贯注的, 专心致志的→ absorption / b’z : p n/n.吸收; 全神贯注, 专心致志
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.take…for granted 认为……理所当然
2.be fed with 以……为养料
3.convert…into 将……转换成……
4.in harmony with 与……和谐相处
5.stick with 紧跟, 不离开
6.与……有联系 associate with
7.习惯 be used to
8.对……作出反应 respond to
9.建立在……基础上 base on
10.把……当作 regard…as…
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 take…for granted 认为……理所当然
教材原句 In fact, we are so used to them that we may eventakethemfor granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. 事实上, 我们如此习惯它们的存在, 以至于甚至我们可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
中文例句 我们应该感谢父母的爱, 而不应视其为理所应当之事。
句式仿写 We should be grateful to our parents’ love instead of taking it for granted.
2.
句型公式 强调句型
教材原句 It is natural to think in this way, but of courseit wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roofthatinspired the pine cone. 以这种方式思考是很自然的, 但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感, 也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
中文例句 他们是在史密斯先生建立的实验室里完成这个实验的。
句式仿写 It was in the lab that was set up by Mr Smith that they finished the experiment.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
1.
What is the main idea of the text
A.Only the environment determines buildings.
B.There are all kinds of buildings in nature.
C.Many buildings get inspiration from nature.
D.Many different buildings came into being naturally.
答案：C
Reading for the structure.
1.
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Nature in Architecture
ArtScience Museum, Singapore ◆It’s designed to show the 1. connection between nature and the modern city environment. ◆It’s shaped to 2. resemble a lotus flower. ◆Its roof collects rainwater and 3. channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall.
The Eastgate Centre, Harare ◆Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce 4. was inspired to create it while watching termites 5. constructing their nests. ◆It has a“skin”6. covered in holes. ◆It uses 7. less energy and costs less to run.
The Algae House, Hamburg ◆Its 8. surface is covered in panels that contain algae. ◆The panels capture heat from the sun and 9. convert it into energy. ◆It can generate its own 10. renewable energy.
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.What has given us a lot of architecture inspiration
A.Nature.B.Tiles.
C.Umbrellas.D.Organisms.
答案：A
2.What can you enjoy in ArtScience Museum
A.The way nature works.
B.The relationship between art and science.
C.A lotus flower floating above water.
D.The building’s plumbing system.
答案：B
3.What makes the Eastgate Centre use less energy
A.Termites constructing their nests.
B.Mounds covered in little holes.
C.Traditional air conditioning systems.
D.Its surface covered in holes.
答案：D
4.Why can the Algae House cost less to run
A.Because it is in Hamburg of Germany.
B.Because it is powered by the algae.
C.Because the algae are fed with liquid nutrients.
D.Because the algae capture heat from the sun.
答案：B
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.In fact, we are so used to them ① that we may even take them for granted without realising ② how much inspiration they have given us .
【分析】①为 so…that… 引导的结果状语从句, 其中介词without后是动名词短语作宾语,②是由 how much 引导的宾语从句。
【译文】 事实上, 我们如此习惯它们的存在, 以至于甚至我们可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
2.To meet the needs of today ① while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, ② but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
【分析】②中 but 连接表示转折关系的并列句, 第一个分句中不定式短语To meet the needs of today为主语,①为 时间 状语,②中how to achieve this为宾语从句。
【译文】 保护明天的世界, 同时满足当下的需求, 这可能是一项挑战, 但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙, 教我们如何实现这个目标。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What do we think of the beauty around us every day
We are used to it, and we may even take it for granted without realising how much inspiration it has given us.
2.What has nature inspired around us
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture.
3.Why was Singapore’s ArtScience Museum designed like that
It was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment.
4.What is Harare’s Eastgate Centre special about
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.
5.Where is the world’s first algae-powered building and why do people create buildings like that
The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. Creating buildings like that enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
将上述句子转换句式。
1.用非谓语动词改写第一句。
Not realising how much inspiration it has given us, we are used to beauty and take it around us for granted.
2.用被动语态改写第二句。
Many of the most fascinating designs around us have been inspired by nature, including those in architecture.
3.用强调句型改写第三句。
It was to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment that Singapore’s ArtScience Museum was designed.
4.用非谓语动词改写第四句。
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is the most magnificent building using biomimicry.
5.用非谓语动词改写第五句。
To live in closer harmony with our environment, we create buildings like the world’s first algae-powered building in Hamburg, Germany.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
In fact, not realising how much inspiration it has given us, we are used to beauty and take it around us for granted. Many of the most fascinating designs around us have been inspired by nature, including those in architecture. As we know, it was to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment that Singapore’s ArtScience Museum was designed. Harare’s Eastgate Centre is the most magnificent building using biomimicry. To live in closer harmony with our environment, we create buildings like the world’s first algae-powered building in Hamburg, Germany.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. superb adj. 极好的, 出色的
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. （教材P51）哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例。
典例翻译
①The sports facilities look superb.
运动设施看上去是一流的。
②It makes a superb filling for cakes.
它非常适合做蛋糕的馅儿。
③The car is in superb condition.
这辆车车况极好。
④The car is superbly engineered and a pleasure to drive.
这辆车设计一流, 开起来是一种享受。
归纳拓展
（1）看上去棒极了 look superb
一流的演出 a superb performance
状况极好 in superb condition
（2）庄重地; 华美地; 极好地 adv. superbly
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He performed superbly （superb）in the test.
②Cylinder observed that the best hospitals did not just have superb doctors. They were also superbly organised. （superb）
（2）单句写作
③他们有一种很好的捕鱼方法。（2020全国Ⅲ卷, 阅读理解）
They had a superb way of fishing.
④他医术高超, 在紧急情况下几乎无人能代替他。
His medical skill is so superb that he can hardly be filled in for an emergency.
2. inspire vt. 激发; 鼓舞; 启示; 产生; 使产生灵感
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. （教材P50）我们身边许多最迷人的设计, 包括建筑设计, 它们的灵感都来自大自然。
典例翻译
①His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 5-0 win.
他的出色表现使球队士气大振, 以5:0大获全胜。
②Inspired by the sunny weather, I decided to explore the woods.
阳光明媚的天气让我决定去森林里探索。
③King was a great orator（演说家） and an inspiring leader.
金是伟大的演说家和鼓舞人心的领袖。
④He draws inspiration from ordinary scenes.
他从日常生活中获得灵感。
归纳拓展
（1）激发某人做某事 inspire sb. to do sth.
（2）inspiration n. 灵感; 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
从……中吸取灵感 draw inspiration from
对……的灵感 the inspiration for
（3）inspired adj. 卓越的; 品质优秀的; 受……影响的
（4）inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的; 启发灵感的
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① Inspired （inspire） greatly by what he had heard and seen, he made up his mind to stand on his own feet.
②In 2012, Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature, inspiring （inspire） a host of imitators.
③You can also read an inspiring （inspire） book or watch a movie to get the inspiration （inspire） you need to move forward.
（2）单句写作
④我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
3. take…for granted 认为……理所当然
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. （教材P50）事实上, 我们如此习惯它们的存在, 以至于甚至我们可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
典例翻译
①He just takes everything his mother does for him for granted.
他只是认为他的妈妈为他做的一切都是理所当然的。
②We shouldn’t take anything for granted.
我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。
③He seemed to takeit for granted that he should speak as a representative.
他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。
④Granting/Granted that he said so, he may not keep his promise.
假定他这么说了, 他也未必会守承诺。
归纳拓展
想当然地认为…… take it for granted that…
假定……, 即使…… Granting/Granted that…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①They now have their own opinions; you can’t take it for granted that they’ll listen to you.
② Granted/Granting （grant） that this is true, what conclusion can you reach
③She often told me not to take things for granted （grant）.
（2）单句写作
④那时她经常告诉我不要认为父母为我们所做的一切是理所当然的。
At that time she often told me not to take what our parents did for us for granted.
4. convert…into将……转化为; 使……转变为
The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. （教材P51）这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量, 并将其转化为电能, 给建筑物供电。
典例翻译
①I didn’t use to like opera but my husband has converted me.
我过去不喜欢歌剧, 但我的丈夫改变了我。
②A poet is one who can convert ordinary words into a meaningful piece of writing.
诗人是能够用普通的文字写出一篇寓意深刻的作品的人。
③All forms of energy are converted into heat.
所有形式的能量都转化为热。
④Tom suggested that we buy a sofa that converts into a bed.
汤姆建议我们买一个可以用作床的沙发。
⑤He converted from Christianity to Zslam.
他由基督教改信伊斯兰教。
归纳拓展
（使）转而变为…… convert into/to
把……从……转化为…… convert…from…to…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Modernization has converted the country from a primitive society to a near-industrial one.
②At what rate does the dollar convert into pounds
（2）单句写作
③那家旅馆将改建成私人疗养院。
The hotel is going to be converted into a private nursing home.
5. respond to 回应……; 对……作出反应
The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. （教材P51）因此, 该建筑不仅能够适应环境, 减少能耗, 而且自身可以产生可再生能源, 减少对环境的危害。
典例翻译
①The female conductor kindly responded to my question.
女列车员亲切地回答了我的问题。
②The teacher responded affirmatively to the question that the student had put forward.
老师对那个学生提出的问题作了肯定的回答。
③The product was developed in response to customers’ demands.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
④She made no response.
她没作任何回答。
归纳拓展
（1） respond v. 响应; 回应
（2）response n. 回答; 响应; 反应
响应; 反应（通常作状语） in response to
对……（没）作出反应/回答 make （no）response to
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Did Mother’s leg respond to treatment
②He always takes the lead in response to the government’s call.
③On your first question, we have responded （respond） to it on various occasions. I believe you’ve also taken note of the response by the Ministry of Defense.
（2）一句多译
④她收到我的信, 给我回了个电话。
She responded to my letter with a phone call.
= She made a response to my letter with a phone call.
重点句型
1. so…that…引导结果状语从句
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. （教材P50）事实上, 我们如此习惯它们的存在, 以至于甚至可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
典例翻译
①She’s kind and patient, and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!
她友善、耐心, 把英语语法讲解得清清楚楚, 连我都懂了！
②At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.
在某个时刻, 我们发现自己置身高处, 仿佛骑车穿越云层。
③He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.
他接受了她的邀请真是太傻了。
归纳拓展
（1）so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”, that引导结果状语从句。常见搭配如下：
so+adj./adv.+that…
so+adj.+a（n）+单数名词+that…
so+many/much/few/little（少）+n.+that…
（2）such…that…表示“如此……以至于……”, such修饰的是名词。常见搭配如下：
such+a（n）+adj.+单数名词+that…
such+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+that…
（3）so that意为“因此, 结果”, 引导结果状语从句。so that还可表示“以便, 目的是”, 引导目的状语从句。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.
②It is so good a film that I’d like to see it a second time.
（2）句型转换
③It was so fine a day that we went out for a walk.
→ It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.
2.“make+宾语+宾补”结构
Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.（教材P50）如今, 建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法, 模仿自然运行的方式, 甚至让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
典例翻译
①She sat him up and made him comfortable.
她帮他坐起来, 让他舒服一些。
②He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace.
他梦想着奥运会将有可能让所有国家的人民共同生活在和平之中。
③His joke made us laugh our heads off.
他讲的笑话逗得我们大笑不已。
④The teacher raised her voice to make herself heard.
老师提高自己的声音使自己被听见。
⑤We made Tom our monitor.
我们选汤姆当我们的班长。
归纳拓展
（1）“make+宾语+宾补”结构中, 宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词等来充当; 该结构中一般不用现在分词充当宾补; 职务名词充当宾补时其前面不用加冠词。
（2）当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时, 多用it作形式宾语, 主要结构有：
make+it+adj./n.+（for sb.）to do sth.
make+it+adj./n.+that从句
常用于这种结构的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell （tell）one from the other.
②We thought it no use explaining to him what had happened here because he didn’t care.
（2）完成句子
③专家们认为, 这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。
This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.
（3）单句写作
④我们如何让他们养成这种习惯 （2018全国Ⅲ卷）
How do we make it a habit for them
3. 状语从句的省略
To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. （教材P51）保护明天的世界, 同时满足当下的需求, 这可能是一项挑战, 但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙, 教我们如何实现这一目标。
典例翻译
①Work hard while/when （you are）young, or you’ll regret.
少壮不努力, 老大徒伤悲。
②While （she was）walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
③Don’t listen to music when/while （you are）doing your homework.
做家庭作业的时候不要听音乐。
归纳拓展
当when, while, before, after, unless, as if, if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it, 且从句谓语中含有be动词时, 可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
学以致用
（1）句型转换
①If you are accepted for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
→ If accepted for the job , you’ll be informed soon.
②While he was playing with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy.
→ While playing with his children outdoors , the father felt very happy.
③He won’t come unless he is invited.
→He won’t come unless invited .
（2）单句写作
④一天放学后, 当我在这座宏伟的山上探索绿色的森林时, 我差点摔倒在一截楼梯上。（2018天津卷）
One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.Keep your eye on this frontier （前沿）; steam heat from the earth may one day help keep you warm.
2.This suggested that matter can be converted （转化） into energy, and vice versa.
3.Chinese people regard the lotus （莲花） as a sign of purity.
4.Ideas will come to you easily and some will prove to be superb （极好的）.
5.The architect （建筑师） was presented with a blank cheque to design a new city centre.
6.To mimic （模仿） his distinctive ending for many of his short stories, we will leave the readers to draw their own conclusion.
7.The city’s 1,040 kilometers of the waterfront （滨水地区） gives it the largest harbor in the world.
8.There John built his own split-level house with electricity and plumbing （管道系统）.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in harmony with, be/get used to, take sth. for granted, be based on, respond to, be covered in, be fed with, look like
1. Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.
2.It is so cold that you can’t go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.
3.Remember, I’m not a beggar; I don’t want to be fed with leftovers from the rich man’s table.
4.The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
5.We must never lose sight of the fact that man must live in harmony with nature.
6.It was dark in the room and we couldn’t see much at first, but after a few minutes our eyes was/got used to the darkness.
7.Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
8.By studying old photos of the previous Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
We’re so familiar with nature that we seldom take 1. a second thought about it, but some artists take inspiration from it. Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia and Beijing’s Water Cube are good 2. examples （example）. Singapore’s ArtScience Museum is another example for people to enjoy the 3. exploration （explore） of the relationship between art and science. The building was designed 4. to show （show） the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Besides, Harare’s Eastgate Centre, 5. which was created by Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce while he was watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests, 6. is （be） a superb example of biomimicry. Also, the world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany, whose surface 7. is covered （cover） in panels that contain algae and the algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. These buildings enable us to live in closer harmony 8. with our environment. It may be a challenge to meet the needs of today while 9. protecting （protect） the world of tomorrow, 10. but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
21Section Ⅱ Using language
（非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语）
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1. （教材P53）Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms,…
2. （教材P54）The Wright brothers, who succeeded in creating and flying the first aeroplane in 1903, got their inspiration from observing pigeons in flight.
3. （教材P53）…it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
4. （教材P53）The main principle of its design is to recreate natural landscapes in miniature.
5. （教材P54）There are many types of biomimicry, among which the most common one is copying form and shape.
6. （教材P53） Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
7. （教材P53）Drawing/To draw inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries.
观察上面句子, 并分别写出每句中加黑部分所作的成分：
1. 动词不定式作宾语。
2. 动名词短语作宾语。
3. 动词不定式作表语。
4. 动词不定式作表语。
5. 动名词作表语。
6. 过去分词作表语。
7. 动名词或动词不定式作主语。
要点精析
一、不定式作主语、表语或宾语
不定式可以作主语、表语或一些动词的宾语, 也可以和疑问词构成不定式短语作主语、宾语或表语。
用法 例句
作主语 不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 Learning is like rowing upstream:not to advance is to drop back. 学如逆水行舟, 不进则退。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有和睿智。
不定式作主语时, 可以用it作形式主语, 而把真正的主语置于后面。即用“It is+adj./n.+（for/ofsb.）to do sth.”来代替。 To get there by air wil take you only about two hours. 乘飞机去那儿将只花你大约两个小时。（ = It wil take you only about two hours to get there by air.） It is nice for us to atend the meting. 对我们来说, 参加这个会议是令人愉快的。 It is kind of you to have given us so much help. 你真好, 给予我们这么多的帮助。
作表语 当主语部分有what/al/everything等不定代词和实义动词do（表示“做”）的某种形式, 那么作表语的不定式可以不带to。 What we should do at the moment is（to）study hard. 目前我们要做的就是努力学习。 All he did at work was（to）press the buton if necesary. 他的工作就是需要时按一下按钮。
作宾语 常接不定式作宾语的动词: aford , agree , arrange , ask , beg , care , chose , decide , demand , determine , expect , fear , help , hope , learn , manage , ofer , plan , prepare , pretend , promise , refuse , want , wish , aim , fail , long , hapen , hesitate, strugle, atempt, undertake, volunter, desire等。不定式符号to代替整个不定式时, be和have不能省略。 The teacher patiently showed us how to do the experiment. 老师耐心地指导我们如何做实验。 —Have you ever ben to Paris —No, we can’t aford to.——你们去过巴黎吗 ——没有, 我们付不起费用。 He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to. 他想游过河, 但是我警告他不要这样。 His mother wanted him to be ateacher when he grew up, but he didn’t want to be. 他的妈妈想让他长大后当教师, 但是他不想当。 —I didn’t tell Mary the bad news. —But I would like you to have.——我没有告诉玛丽这个不好的消息。——但是我宁愿你告诉她了。
but后面常接to do。但是当but前有实义动词do（表示“做”）的某种形式, but后不带to。 He had no thing to do but stay at home. 他无事可做, 只是待在家里。
二、过去分词作表语
作表语 过去分词作表语常常用来修饰人, 而用-ing形式修饰物。 The book is interesting andI’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣, 我对它很感兴趣。
三、-ing形式作主语、宾语或表语
用法 例句
作主语 -ing形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 Achieving the great renaissance of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream for the nation in modern times. 实现伟大复兴, 就是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。 Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger. 学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。 Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. 长时间暴晒对人的皮肤有害。
作宾语 -ing可以作介词的宾语也可以作动词的宾语。 Have you considered making contributions to your hometown after graduation 你考虑过毕业后为家乡做贡献吗？I’m sorry for having kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。 Victor apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan. 维克多因为没有通知我计划变更而道歉。 Nothing can stop the plan from being carried out. 什么也阻止不了这个计划的实施。
作表语 -ing形式作表语时, 有两种不同含义。 My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。（说明主语的内容） The news is exciting. 这条新闻很振奋人心。（说明主语的性质） 比较：He is reading. 他正在读书。（不是非谓语动词, 是现在进行时, 表示正在进行的动作）
注意：
1. 下列动词后通常用不定式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望, 拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划, 同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help; 另外还有afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等
2. 下列动词或动词短语后通常用-ing形式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅, 承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练, 否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险, 不禁介意准逃亡。 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy（想象, 设想）; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape
3. 下列动词短语后也通常用-ing形式作宾语：
be used/accustomed to, lead to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand （无法忍受）, give up, feel like, insist on, thank…for, apologize for, be busy （in）, have difficulty/trouble （in）, have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）, spend time （in）
4. 下列动词或动词短语后既可以用-ing形式作宾语, 也可以用不定式作宾语, 但意义上有区别, 要特别注意：
后接不定式 后接动名词
regret to do sth. 遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
try to do sth. 努力/企图去做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事
can’t help （to）do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
5. 下列动词或动词短语后用-ing形式：
spend some time doing sth. 花时间做某事 have fun/have a good time/have a bad time doing sth. 很（不）愉快做某事 have （no） difficulty doing sth. 做某事（没）有困难 catch sb. doing sth. 当场发现某人做某事 there is no point doing sth. 做某事没有意义 there is no denying that…毋庸置疑…… it’s no use/good doing sth. 做某事没有用/没好处 sth. be worth doing某事值得（被）做 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 send sb. doing sth. 使得某人做某事 sth. needs doing某事需要（被）做 end up doing sth. 结果做了某事
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Being surrounded （surround）by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction.
2.They never quit looking （look）for a way to get where they are supposed to go!
3.The clubs in Argentina couldn’t help him, but the famous Barcelona club in Spain offered to accept （accept）Messi on the junior team and pay the bills.
4.Scientists have discovered that staying （stay）in the cold could help us lose weight.
5.It’s never foolish to acknowledge （acknowledge）you are wrong. Being humans, we all need the art of apology.
6.Firstly, you should consider dividing （divide）them into different groups-who are the people you don’t know well but see pretty much daily.
7.He appreciated being given （give）a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature.
8.The next step is to make （make） sure that you know exactly what is required.
9.It would be wrong for people to marry （marry）for money.
10.He hopes to create （create）an environment for his students, which is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in.
11.He seems to be reading （read）in his room at present.
12. To finish （finish）the work in ten minutes is very hard.
13.Marx found it important to study （study）the situation in Russia.
14.He came to the party without being invited （invite）.
15. Reading （read） aloud is very helpful.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1.There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one 1. to love （love）her.
One day, 2. feeling （feel）very sad and lonely, she was walking through a meadow when she noticed a small butterfly 3. caught （catch）in a thorny bush. The young girl carefully released the butterfly. Instead of 4. flying （fly）away, the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.
“In return for your wonderful kindness,”the good fairy said to the girl,“I will give you any wish that you would like 5. to get （get）.”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied,“I want to be happy.”
6. Leaning （lean）toward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.
With the little girl 7. growing （grow）up, there was no one in the land happier than she was. Everyone wanted to make themselves 8. told （tell）the secret of happiness by her. She would only smile and answer,“The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”
When she was dying, the neighbors all gathered around her, 9. fearing （fear）that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her. So they begged her 10. to tell （tell）them what the good fairy said. The lovely old woman simply smiled and said,“She told me that everyone, no matter how old or young, how rich or poor, had need of me.”
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1.wisdom n. 智慧
wisdom learnt from nature（教材P53）从自然中学到的智慧
典例翻译
①A man of wisdom is not necessarily a man of ability.
有智慧的人不一定就是有能力的人。
②A flow of words is no proof of wisdom.
口若悬河, 不能证明真有才智。
③But conventional wisdom may have got it wrong.
但传统说法未必正确。
④He is too lacking in worldly wisdom to be a politician.
他对人情世故知之甚少, 当不了政治家。
归纳拓展
（1）传统观点 conventional wisdom
人情世故 worldly wisdom
智齿 wisdom teeth
（2）wise adj. 聪明的; 有智慧的; 明智的; 有见识的
事后聪明 wise after the event
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Conventional wisdom （wise） has it that riots only ever happen in cities.
②Learned men are not necessarily wise （wisdom）.
（2）单句写作
③智者在生活中不会自怜。（2019天津卷）
A wise man can live without self-pity.
2.employ v. 使用, 运用
Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems. （教材P54）在海豚的启发下, 人们学会了如何在水下发出信号, 这种信号目前应用于海啸预警系统。
典例翻译
①More than 3,000 local workers are employed in the tourism industry.
超过3,000名本地工人受雇于旅游业。
②It is a pity that such a talent as him should be employed in doing such small things.
真可惜, 像他这样有才能的人竟然从事这类琐事。
③He employed a gardener for the heavy digging.
他雇了一名花匠干挖土的重活。
④What college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream is to have well-paid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest.
大学生主要关心的是就业, 他们的梦想是有高薪的工作, 他们可以充分地生活。
归纳拓展
忙于（做某事） be employed in （doing sth.）
雇主, 老板n. employer
雇工, 雇员n. employee
employment n. 雇用
unemployment n. 失业
unemployed adj. 失业的
全职/兼职工作 full-time/part-time employment
失业水平/率 the level/rate of unemployment
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He is employing himself in compiling a dictionary of English idioms.
②But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees （employ）.
③Faced with the increasing unemployment （employment）, many people went on strike in most of the European countries.
（2）单句写作
④艺术机构雇用了1万多名全职或兼职员工。（2018江苏卷, 阅读理解）
Arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-time or part-time employees.
3.along with与……一起; 除……之外, 还有（ = together with = with）
Pine and bamboo groves were added later, along with a pond and an island. （教材 P53）后来又增加了松树和竹林, 以及一个池塘和一个岛屿。
典例翻译
①Along with these physical changes, there come many psychological changes.
伴随着这些生理变化而来的, 还有很多心理上的变化。
②All we need is some creativity along with plenty of time and practice.
我们所需要的是一些创造力以及大量的时间和练习。
③He along with his wife and his family was facing trouble now.
他们夫妻一家那时正面临着麻烦。
④Only when we follow the laws of nature can we better get along with it.
我们只有遵循自然法则才能更好地与环境和谐共处。
⑤She invited everyone she knew to come along.
她邀请了所有认识的人一起来。
归纳拓展
主语后面有along/together with, with, besides, but, except, including, like, as well as, rather than等词或词组引出的短语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致。
（事情）进展; 与……相处 get along/on with
过来, 跟我走 come along
take sth. along with sb. 随身带着某物
all along 一直, 始终
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①一般来说, 他很容易相处。
Generally speaking, he is easy to get along with .
②如果你愿意, 和我们一起去吧。
Come along with us , if you like.
（2）单句写作
③这位音乐家连同他的乐队成员在过去三个月的时间里已经演出了十场。（2019江苏卷）
The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.
4.come about 发生; 产生
This came about because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts, senses and fighting abilities that animals possess in order to survive in the wild. （教材P55）这是因为许多中国武术家欣赏动物们为了在野外生存而拥有的自然本能、感官和战斗能力。
典例翻译
①Many traffic accidents came about as a result of the driver’s drink-driving.
许多交通事故都是由司机酒后驾车造成的。
②I came across this old picture in a book the other day.
那天我偶然在一本书中看到这张旧照片。
③The war broke out in 1931 and lasted 14 years before China finally won.
这场战争于1931年爆发, 持续14年后, 中国才取得了最终胜利。
④It occurred to me that she didn’t know I had moved into the new house.
我突然想起来她还不知道我已经搬到了新家。
归纳拓展
（偶然）碰到, 遇见 come across
（书、唱片等）出版, 发行 come out
提出; 想出 come up with
（战争、殴斗、疾病等）爆发 break out
某人突然想到…… It occurred to sb. that…
come true 实现
come to an end 结束
学以致用
用所学短语的适当形式填空
①The meaning of this word will come across to you sooner or later.
②To some extent, what you came up with is practical.
③—What on earth are the police busy with
—They have been looking into how the plane crash came about .
④That magazine comes out once a month.
重点句型
否定词+比较级：nowhere…better…than…“没有比这更好的地方了（这是最好的地方）”
Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou. （教材P53）没有什么地方比美丽的苏州留园更能说明这一点。
典例翻译
①Nothing is easier than this. = Nothing is so easy as this.
这是最容易的事。
②No film character has ever been more widely enjoyed than her.
没有哪个电影角色比她更受欢迎了。
③—Do you think our basketball players played very well yesterday
—They couldn’t have done better.
——你认为我们的篮球队员昨天打得很好吗？
——他们打得非常好。
归纳拓展
最高级意义的多种表达法：
（1）the+形容词（副词）最高级
（2）否定词+形容词（副词）比较级（+than）
（3）否定词+so/as+形容词（副词）原级+as（4）比较级 ＋ than ＋
学以致用
一句多译
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
①Tom is the most intelligent student in his class.
②No one is more intelligent than Tom in his class.
③Tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
④Tom is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class.
⑤Tom is more intelligent than all the other students in his class.
⑥Tom is more intelligent than anyone else in his class.
⑦ No one is as intelligent as Tom in his class.
12Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 教材译文
Back to Nature Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1, 500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time. 回归大自然 陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人, 但是一位生活在古代中国,另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看, 这两个人生活在不同的时代, 相隔近一千五百年, 迥然不同。然而, 他们都非常尊重自然, 这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted over life at court. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”. He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature. 为了重归自然, 两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员, 但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年, 陶渊明辞去了官职, 以表达他对仕途的不满, 用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里, 直到生命的尽头, 他躬耕于田野, 生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出, 尽管生活艰苦, 但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感, 并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing. He explained his reason for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life.”Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应, 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活, 但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天, 他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里,专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因:“我步入丛林, 是因为我希望自由地生活, 只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life: 尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同, 但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄, 换句话说, 是田园。他的动物们都是家养的, 比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活, 与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比, 是对压抑的官场生活的批判:
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village, The smoke above reluctant to depart. A dog is barking somewhere down the lane, And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree. 暧暧远人村, 依依墟里烟。 狗吠深巷中, 鸡鸣桑树颠。
Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. Devoting himselfto observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts, as he describes in his journals: 梭罗在描述自然时, 重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中, 并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服, 动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处, 享受大自然的恩赐, 正如他在日记中描述的那样：
Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines. 好好度过每一个季节, 呼吸新鲜的空气, 畅饮美酒, 品尝水果,尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。
It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires. In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. 像陶渊明和梭罗那样, 拒绝简单熟悉的事物, 转而尝试亲近大自然, 这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活, 物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界, 他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法, 可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. evaluate / ‘v ljue t/v. 评估, 评价→ evaluation / ‘v lju’e n/n. 估计; 评价
2. withdraw /w 'dr :/v. 退出→ withdrawal /w 'dr : l/n. 收回; 取回; 撤回; 撤走; 取款
3. depressive /d 'pres v/adj. 抑郁的→ depression /d 'pre n/n. 沮丧; 消沉; 抑郁症→ depress /d 'pres/vt. 使抑郁; 使沮丧; 使萧条
4. purity /'pj r ti/n. 纯洁, 洁净→ pure /pj r/adj. 纯的, 纯净的→ purify /'pj r fa /vt. 净化
5. resign /r 'za n/v. 安于, 使自己顺从于(做某事)→ resignation /'rez ɡ'ne n/n. 辞职; 辞职信; 顺从
6. reject /r 'd ekt/v. 冷落, 嫌弃; 厌恶→ rejection /r 'd ek n/n. 拒绝, 抵制
7. describe /d 'skra b/vt.描述, 形容; 把……称为→ description /d 'skr p n/n. 描述, 描写
8. considerable /k n’s d r b /adj.相当多(大、重要等)的→ consideration /k n’s d 're n/n. 仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素; 体谅, 顾及→ consider /k n’s d (r)/v.考虑; 认为→ considerate /k n’s d r t/adj.考虑周到的, 体贴的→ considering /k n’s d r /prep.考虑到, 鉴于, 就……而言
9. opposed / 'p zd/adj. 反对的; 对立的→ oppose / 'p z/vt. 反对, 抵制, 阻挠; 与……竞争→ opposite / 'p s t/adj. 相反的; prep. 在……的对面
10. ease /i: z/n. 舒适, 悠闲→ easement /'i: zm nt/n. 安逸; 安乐
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.be opposed to 反对
2.focus on 关注
3.aim to 目的
4.in return 作为回报
5.reaction to 反应
6.对比 in contrast to
7.顺从 resign oneself to
8.从……退出 withdraw from
9.闲适 at ease
10.与自然和谐的关系 a harmonious relationship with nature
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 while连接并列分句, 表对比
教材原句 WhileTao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应, 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
中文例句 汤姆很擅长理科, 而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。
句式仿写 While Tom’s very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless.
2.
句型公式 现在分词作状语
教材原句 Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life,seekinga harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. 两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
中文例句 他集中精力学习, 没有注意到我进来。
句式仿写 Concentrating his attention on his study, he didn’t notice me coming in.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court
A.Because he was an influential figure of their day.
B.Because he felt conflicted over life at court.
C.Because he wanted to work the land.
D.Because he liked living in a rural area.
答案：B
2.How did Thoreau feel about his life in the forest
A.Pleased.B.Puzzled.
C.Disappointed.D.Bored.
答案：A
3.What did Thoreau describe in his writings
A.Fields and villages.B.Chickens and dogs.
C.Animals and plants.D.Mountains and rivers.
答案：C
4.What should we do if we want to attain personal well-being and fulfilment
A.Live closer to nature.B.Increase material desires.
C.Walk a lot in the forest.D.Share a respect for nature.
答案：A
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
通过本栏目的学习, 经过比较、分析并联系自身实际, 积极探索自然和向自然界学习, 深化对单元主题的理解与认识。
文本改写
【教材原文】
The Meaning of Struggle
One day, a man found the pupa of a butterfly. Seeing an opening in the pupa, he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge. So he sat down and watched as the butterfly struggled to force its body through the little hole. However, minutes passed and the butterfly still couldn’t get out. The struggle was too hard for its weak body. The man then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa so that the butterfly could finally break free. But instead of flying away, it just dragged itself around weakly, then died. The struggle to break out of the pupa was necessary for the butterfly’s survival because it enabled its wings and body to grow strong. Without the struggle, it was too weak to live.
In the same way, we need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some difficult things if we really wish to spread our wings and fly.
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的英文演讲稿。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.愿意做; 为……做准备 be ready to do
2.对……是有困难的 be hard for
3.打破; 冲破藩篱 break…free
4.同样地; 以同样的方式 in the same way
5.变得强壮 grow strong
【句型运用】
1.今天我要做一个关于“奋斗的意义”的演讲。
Today I will give a speech about “The Meaning of Struggle”.
2.曾经有一个人在蛹里看到了一个开口。他意识到蝴蝶就要破茧而出了。
Once a man saw an opening in the pupa and he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge.
3.他坐下来看着蝴蝶挣扎, 发现蝴蝶虚弱的身体挣扎得太艰难了, 于是他仁慈地把蛹上的洞扩大, 想让它破开, 结果蝴蝶就死了。
He sat down and watched the butterfly struggle, and found the struggle was too hard for its weak body, so he then kindly enlarged the hole to break it free, thus leading to its death.
4.蝴蝶必须努力挣脱蛹, 因为这样才能使翅膀和身体茁壮成长。
The struggle to break out of the pupa enabled the butterfly’s wings and body to grow strong.
5.同样, 我们也需要奋斗才能茁壮成长、生存下去。
Similarly, we also need struggle to grow strong and survive.
6.我们要想展翅飞翔, 就必须经历一些困难。
We must go through some difficulties if we want to spread our wings and fly.
【句式升级】
1.用时间状语从句升级句2。
When a man saw an opening in the pupa, he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge.
2.用分词短语作状语升级句3。
Sitting down and watching the butterfly struggle, he found it was too hard for its weak body, so he then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa to break it free, thus leading to its death.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Good morning, everybody!
Today I will give a speech about “The Meaning of Struggle”. When a man saw an opening in the pupa, he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge. Sitting down and watching the butterfly struggle, he found it was too hard for its weak body, so he then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa to break it free, thus leading to its death.
The struggle to break out of the pupa enabled the butterfly’s wings and body to grow strong. Similarly, we also need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some difficulties if we want to spread our wings and fly.
Thanks for your attention!
实战演练
假设你是李华, 你们学校要举行一个主题为“Nature is our best teacher”的英语作文比赛, 请根据你对下图的理解用英语写一篇参赛文章, 内容包括:
1. 简要描述图画内容;
2. 概述图画内容对你的启示。
注意:1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
解析：写作指导
体裁 议论文
人称 第一、三人称
时态 以一般现在时为主
要点 第一段: 介绍图画, 引出主题第二段: 图画内容的启示
答案：高分范文
Nature is often regarded as our best teacher, so it’s not surprising for us to draw wisdom from it. If we carefully observe and study it, we will take inspiration from it. As the picture shows, there are two birds, one sleeping while the other with a worm in its mouth. This presents a well-known Chinese idiom: The early bird catches the worm.
The idiom reminds us of the importance of diligence. Also, it is a metaphor that preparation plays an important role on the road to success. Opportunities are always for those prepared minds. Only when we are well-prepared can we make achievements, attaining our goals.
高级短语及句式
1. be regarded as 被当作……
2. take inspiration from从……中获得灵感
3. Nature is often regarded as our best teacher, so it’s not surprising for us to draw wisdom from it. 大自然常常被认为是我们最好的老师, 所以我们从大自然中汲取智慧并不奇怪。
4. Only when we are well-prepared can we make achievements, attaining our goals. 只有当我们准备充分, 我们才能取得成就, 达到我们的目标。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. withdraw v. 退出
Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. (教材P57)两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
典例翻译
①The general decided to withdraw his soldiers.
那位将军决定撤军。
②He failed to withdraw his remarks and apologize.
他既没收回言论, 也没道歉。
③He was forced to withdraw from the competition due to injury.
由于受伤, 他不得不退出比赛。
④You can withdraw money from the bank at any time.
您可以随时从银行提款。
归纳拓展
（1）从……退出, 撤回 withdraw from
从银行取款 withdraw money from the bank 收回发言 withdraw a remark
（2） withdrawal n. 收回; 取回; 撤回; 撤退; 撤走; 取款
学以致用
单句填空
①Tell the men to withdraw from their new position.
②I’d like to withdraw 1,000 dollars from my savings account and put it in my cheque account.
③He has made several withdrawals （withdrawal）from his bank account.
④It is still unknown how many troops Israel will withdraw at the current stage and when it will finish a complete withdrawal . （withdraw）
2. resign v. 使自己顺从于（做）某事; 安于; 辞职; 辞去（工作、职位等）
Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. （教材P57）好好度过每一个季节, 呼吸（新鲜的）空气, 畅饮（美）酒, 品尝水果, 尽情享受这一切。
典例翻译
①Wilberforce then resigned from the government in 1825 and died in 1833.
威尔伯福斯于1825年从政府辞职,1833年去世。
②My father resigned his position last year.
我的父亲去年辞去了职务。
③In no situation shall we resign ourselves to our fate.
在任何情况下, 我们都不能听天由命。
④The mother was unwilling to resign the child to the care of her relatives.
那位母亲不愿意把自己的孩子交给亲戚照看。
归纳拓展
从……辞职 resign from…
辞去职务 resign one’s post/position
听任/顺从/只好接受（做）某事 resign oneself to （doing）sth.
把……托付给…… resign…to…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I resign my son to your care while I am away.
②You must resign yourselves to waiting （wait）a bit longer.
③She resigned from the committee because she needed to take care of her disabled husband.
（2）单句写作
④罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了, 他不得不自己打字。（2020天津卷, 单项选择）
Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
3. ease n. 舒适, 放松, 悠闲 vt. 减轻（痛苦、忧虑）; 缓和
In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. （教材P57）在今天这个现代世界里, 他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法, 可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足更近一步。
典例翻译
①The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile-its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.
最通用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和使人感到自在。
②My parents are retired and now live a life of ease.
现在, 我的父母都退休了, 过着安闲舒适的生活。
③He won first prize in English Spoken Competition with ease.
他轻松地获得英语口语竞赛第一名。
④She is the kind of person who can always put others at ease.
她是那种总是能让人感觉轻松自在的人。
⑤The plan should ease the traffic jam in the town.
这个计划对城里的交通堵塞情况有所缓解。
归纳拓展
舒适; 快活; 自由自在 at ease
感到/看上去心情放松 feel/look at ease
容易地; 毫不费劲地 with ease
使某人感到轻松自在; 使某人安心 put sb. at ease
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He handed her a cup of coffee to put her at ease.
②Now he can put his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease.
（2）单句写作
③我们每天穿着校服感到轻松自在。（2019江苏卷, 书面表达）
We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day.
4. evaluate v. 评估, 评价
A comparative essay compares, contrasts and evaluates two or more topics. （教材P58）比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。
典例翻译
①I can’t evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评论他的能力。
②The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard to evaluate its success now.
该学校仅开办了六个月, 所以现在还很难估计它的成就。
③Superiors would evaluate a plainclothesman(便衣警察) on his dependability.
上级评价一个便衣警察的标准是看他是否忠诚可靠。
④The writer made the evaluation of evidential matter in two ways.
作者从两方面对证据进行了评价。
归纳拓展
（1）根据……评价某人 evaluate sb. on/by
（2）evaluation n. 估计; 评价
对……进行评估 make an evaluation of
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We must evaluate her ability on/by her work.
②At present, there exist some problems in the evaluation of teachers. Schools should perfect the means of evaluation . (evaluate)
（2）句型转换
③We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire.
→We must make an evaluation of the consequences caused by the fire.
重点句型
现在分词作状语
Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. (教材P57)两个人都很乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
典例翻译
①My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.
我的表兄去深圳了, 希望在那儿找份工作。
②Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
听到这个消息, 他们都高兴得跳了起来。
③Living far from the school, I have to get up early every morning.
由于住得离学校远, 我必须每天早起。
④Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups.
严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
归纳拓展
（1）现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的, 可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
（2）有些分词作状语, 没有逻辑上的主语, 已成为习惯用法: considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。
学以致用
单句填空
① Assuming (assume)that it is true, what should we do now
② Rushing (rush) out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.
③The child fell, striking (strike) his head against the door.
④In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering (suffer) several killer quakes.
⑤ Judging (judge)by the direction of the wind, it won’t rain today.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.Looking at it superficially (表面地), it is a good deal for the three parties.
2. Rural (乡村的) people stuck firmly to their old ways and were suspicious of anything slightly different.
3.Bollywood is a decent (相当好的) refreshing replacement for those over-stimulating Hollywood films.
4.Newly-built wooden cottages (乡村小屋) line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.
5.In the domestic (国内的)market, regions outside Guangdong should be paid increasing attention to.
6.Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant (勉强的) to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
7.The train to Beijing will depart (离开) from Platform 3 in half an hour.
8.The lane (小路) is the boundary between our land and theirs.
9.The picture shows us atop (在……顶上) a high hill.
10.He attained (获得) success through hard work.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in return for; draw…from; reaction to; withdraw from; resign oneself to; be described as; in other words; in contrast to; devote oneself to; go through
1. In contrast to my previous impression, the atmosphere here is not tense at all.
2.We can draw some lessons for the future from this accident.
3.I’d like to treat you to a meal in return for your timely help.
4.You can’t control what happens but you can control your reaction to it.
5.John withdrew from school a year before he graduated due to the incident of his home.
6.All the trials you go through will increase your independence, teach you a lesson and give you a wonderful
7.She was not a woman who resigned herself to fate, so she gained respect from others.
8.With the final exam approaching, we should limit our time on the WeChat and devote ourselves to our study.
9.Venice has long been described as one of the most romantic cities in the world.
10.They asked him to leave; in other words , he was fired.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Although separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1. (share) an intense respect for nature. Conflicted over life at court, in 405, Tao quit the service of the court for good, 2. (express) his unhappiness in his poems, finding contentment in simplicity and drawing pleasure from nature. 3. (similar), Thoreau wanted to live in a simpler way, focusing on 4. (him) and his writing. While they did not treat nature in quite the same way, their 5. (work) show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and 6. (pure) of the wild areas around him. The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life. On 7. , Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper 8. we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts. During their times, it took great courage 9. (reject) the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature. Nowadays, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those 10. want personal well-being and fulfilment.
1. shared 2. expressing 3. Similarly 4. himself 5. works
6. purity 7. the other hand 8. as 9. to reject 10. who
16Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① architect n. 建筑师
② superb adj. 极好的, 出色的
③ frontier n. 知识/物理学等的前沿
④ pond n. 池塘
⑤ sow v. 播（种）
⑥ wisdom n. 智慧
⑦ employ v. 使用, 运用
⑧ attain v. 得到, 获得
⑨ physician n. 医生
⑩ bow v. 鞠躬
rural adj. 农村的, 乡村的
decent adj. 可接受的, 相当好的
evaluate v. 评估, 评价
withdraw v. 退出
domestic adj. 驯养的; 家养的
depressive adj. 抑郁的
purity n. 纯洁; 洁净
resign v. 使自己顺从于（做某事）; 安于
botanical adj. 植物（学）的
reject v. 冷落, 嫌弃, 厌弃
2.拓展单词
① performance n. 表演, 演出; 表现, 性能→ perform v. 执行, 履行; 表演→ performer n. 表演者, 演出者
② superb adj. 极好的, 出色的→ superbly adv. 庄重地; 壮丽地; 极好地
③ attain vt. 得到, 获得→ attainment n. 达到; 造诣; 学识
④ appear v. 似乎→ appearance n. 出现, 公开露面→ disappear v. 消失, 不见→ disappearance n. 消失, 不见
⑤ harmony n. 和谐, 协调, 融洽→ harmonious adj. 和谐的; 协调的
⑥ renew vt. 更新→ renewable adj. 可再生的→ nonrenewable adj. 不可再生的
⑦ similar adj. 相似的→ similarity n. 类似; 相似点
⑧ inspire vt. 赋予灵感; 激励, 鼓舞→ inspired adj. 受……影响的→ inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的→ inspiration n. 灵感; 启发灵感的人（或事物）
⑨ collect vt. 收集; 募捐→ collection n. 作品集; 收藏品; 一批（人或物品）
⑩ influential adj. 有很大影响的, 有支配力的→ influence v. 影响, 对……起作用 n. 影响, 作用
avoid v. 避免, 防止; 避开, 躲避→ avoidable adj. 可以避免的→ avoidance n. 避免, 回避
create v. 创造, 创建; 造成→ creator n. 创造者→ creative adj. 有创造性的→ creativity n. 创造性, 创造力
depressive adj. 抑郁的→ depression n. 沮丧; 消沉; 抑郁症→ depress vt. 使抑郁; 使沮丧; 使萧条
purity n. 纯洁, 洁净→ pure adj. 纯的, 纯净的→ purify vt. 净化
resign v. 安于, 使自己顺从于（做）某事→ resignation n. 辞职; 辞职信; 顺从
reject v. 冷落, 嫌弃; 厌弃→ rejection n. 拒绝, 抵制
describe vt. 描述, 形容; 把……称为→ description n. 描述, 描写
considerable adj. 相当多（大、重要等）的→ consideration n. 仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素; 体谅, 顾及→ consider v. 考虑; 认为→ considerate adj. 考虑周到的, 体贴的→ considering prep. 考虑到, 鉴于, 就……而言
opposed adj. 反对的; 对立的→ oppose vt. 反对, 抵制, 阻挠; 与……竞争→ opposite adj. 相反的; prep. 在……的对面
various adj. 不同的, 各种各样的→ variety n. 不同种类, 多样性→ vary v. 相异, 不同, 有别
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. seek solutions to 寻求解决方法
2. take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
3. take…for granted 认为……理所当然
4. at ease 不拘束; 放松
5. be covered in 盖满
6. respond to 对……做出反应
7. in harmony with 与……和谐相处
8. along with 随着, 连同
9. add to 添加
10. in other words 换句话说
11. be based on 基于
12. feed with 加上; 用……喂食
13. such as 比如
14. be/get used to 习惯于
15. look like 看起来像
e about 发生
17. in the wild 在野外
18. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
19. in return for 作为对……的交换（回报）
20. in contrast to 与……相反
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.我们身边许多最迷人的设计, 包括建筑设计, 它们的灵感都来自大自然。
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture.
2.它的形状像一朵莲花, 似乎漂浮在海滨长廊上, 四周被水环绕。
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
3.利用仿生技术在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
4.夜间, 墙壁在白天吸收的热量使冷空气变暖, 创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.
5.创造这样的建筑能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
6.游客们也应该一景一景地去探索它。
Visitors are also supposed to explore it scene-by-scene.
7.作为陆地的一个物种, 我们怎样改进我们在水中的表现呢
As a land species, how can we improve our performance in water
8.没有什么地方比美丽的苏州留园更能说明这一点。
Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.
9.陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应, 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定改变自己的生活方式。
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
10.像陶渊明和梭罗那样, 拒绝简单熟悉的事物, 转而尝试亲近大自然, 这需要相当大的勇气。
It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的英语短文。
1. 这些家具由用过的灯泡、塑料瓶和其他可再生材料制成, 但光看是看不出来的。（be based on）
2. 厨房台面（countertop）是由回收的玻璃制成的。（be made of）
3. 整个房子的设计是为了控制能源的使用。（design）
4. 智能家居的屋顶有一个可持续的蔬菜园, 对自然的危害很小。（do little harm to）
5. 甚至个人电脑也是绿色的: 它比一个60瓦的灯泡用的电还少。（分词短语作状语）
One possible version:
The Smart Home is constructed based on recyclable and renewable materials, whose furniture is made of used light bulbs, plastic bottles and other renewable materials, but you can’t tell them from just looking at them. The kitchen countertops are made of recycled glass.
The entire house is designed to control the use of energy. The roof of it has a sustainable vegetable garden, which does little harm to nature. Even the personal computer is green by using less power than a 60-watt light bulb.
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