Unit 6 Nature in words
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元学习掌握不同文体的特点, 树立欣赏和保护自然的意识, 建立感恩自然、珍视自然的信念。
语言能力目标 核心单词 weekly, inspector, insist, shaving, prospect, bend, church, rhyme, innocent, enhance, wheat, gentle, sweep, ban, chorus, thorough, precise, launch, reputation, elegance, pasionate, diamond
重点词块 gypsy moth, dozens of, of one’s time, be sen as, nothing but, hang over, add to, replace.. with.., in one’s opinion, all the time, be irelevant to, filter into, malaria control, as well as, be regarded as, aim to, the launch of, look forward to
单元语法 复习: 非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语（Review: non-finite forms as atributive, adverbial and complement）
写作能力 利用本单元所学的语言知识和策略, 能够创作关于自然的作品, 表达对自然的热爱。
背景导学
Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel and punish us.
The outbreak of COVID-19 is an example. Dr Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization, said, “This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale （规模）, human population density （密度）, wildlife diversity, and land use changes are what drive new pandemics （流行病）.”
In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they treated it with awe （敬畏）. For example, American Indians believed that humans were a part of nature and nature was a part of humans. Chinese ancient people always tried to keep the harmony between nature and human beings.
However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings and capture wild and rare animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it off balance.
Although we don’t know for sure what first caused the COVID-19 outbreak, it’s time for people to reflect on our relationship with our planet and reconnect to this world and everything that we’ve been given. After all, nature is not the place to visit. It’s our home.
1.What lesson should human beings learn from the COVID-19 outbreak
A.Humans should live peacefully with nature.
B.Many wild animals are in danger.
C.We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.
D.It’s impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.
答案：A
2.What is the author’s purpose in writing this article
A.To reflect on the COVID-19 outbreak.
B.To explain what led to the COVID-19 outbreak.
C.To describe experts’ predictions on new pandemics.
D.To compare ancient and modern attitudes towards nature.
答案：A
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 First Snow Mr Robert Lynd once said of Jane Austen’s characters: “They are people in whose lives a slight fall of snow is an event.” Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr Woodhouse, I must insist that last night’s fall of snow here was an event. I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again. The fact is, however, that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as it was to them. It is the first fall we have had here this winter, and last year I was out of the country, sweating in a hot climate, during the snowy season, so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted. The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event. You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different, and if this is not magic, then where is it to be found The very secrecy and quietness of the thing makes it more magical. When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues. The light that came through the windows was very strange, and it made the familiar business of splashing and shaving and brushing and dressing very strange too. Then the sun came out, and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks. The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print. The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk, stood in full sunlight. An hour or two later everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue. The world had completely changed again. The little Japanese prints had all disappeared. I looked out of my study window, over the garden, the field, to the low hills beyond, and the ground went on and on, the sky was thick grey, and all the trees so many black and threatening shapes. There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect. It was as if our kindly countryside, close to the very heart of England, had been turned into a cruel grassland. At any moment, it seemed, a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees, so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened. It was that kind of landscape. Now it has changed again. The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains. But the snow is falling heavily, in great soft flakes, so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley, and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending, and the weathercock of the village church, still to be seen through the grey loaded air, has become some creature out of Hans Andersen. From my study, which is apart from the house and faces it, I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, and there is running through my head a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow: Snow, snow faster: White alabaster! Killing geese in Scotland, Sending feathers here! （Adaptation from First Snow by John Boynton Priestley） 教材译文 初雪 罗伯特·林德先生曾这样评论过简·奥斯汀的人物：“在这些人的生命中, 场场小雪皆是大事。”在这位公正睿智的评论家面前, 即便是冒着让自己看起来像另一个伍德豪斯先生那样的风险, 我也得坚持说昨晚这儿的那场雪是件大事。今天早上我对此几乎和孩子们一样兴奋, 我看到他们都透过窗户望着外面神奇的世界, 兴奋地说个不停,好像圣诞节又突然来临了。事实是, 这场雪于我而言, 也是同样的奇异, 同样的迷人。这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪, 而在去年的雪季, 我身在异国, 在酷热的天气里汗流不止, 所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界着实过了些日子。 这场初雪不仅是一件大事, 而且还是一件具有魔力的大事。你入睡时, 世界是一个模样,醒来时发现是完全不同的另一番模样, 若非有魔力, 如何才能这般？神秘, 悄然, 这给雪又添了几分魔力。 今早我起床时, 世界是一篇寂然的白色与浅淡的蓝色, 到处清清冷冷。窗子透进来的光线很是怪异, 使得洗脸、刮胡子、刷牙、穿衣服这些熟悉的日常行为也显得离奇古怪。接着太阳出来了,等到我坐下来吃早餐时, 太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目, 给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。餐厅的窗户成了一幅可爱的日本版画。在阳光的普照之下, 屋外的小李子树的树干和枝丫被淡粉的积雪精致巧妙地装点着。 一两个小时过后, 一切都闪着或白或蓝的微光。世界又彻底改变了模样。小小的日本版画都消失不见了, 我从书房看向窗外, 越过花园、田野, 再望向远处低矮的小山, 沿着不断向前延伸的地面望去, 天空成了厚重的灰色, 所有的树木都显出很多黑黢黢和凶神恶煞的样子。整个景象确实会给人带来一种奇怪的、不安的感受。就好像我们这个靠近英格兰中心位置的亲切的乡村变成了残酷的草原。仿佛随时可能看见一群骑兵从黑黝黝的树丛中冲出, 可能听见很多武器的交错响声, 然后看见远处的白雪一点点被染红。这幅景象就是给人这种感觉。 现在, 一切又变了。炫目的日光消失, 也不再有那种紧张不安感。但大片柔软的雪花铺天盖地地飘落, 遮挡了你的视线, 让你几乎看不到浅浅的山谷, 屋顶上存了厚厚的雪, 树木被压得弯下腰来, 村庄教堂的风信鸡在灰蒙蒙的空气中依稀可见, 像是从汉斯·安徒生童话里走出来的活物。我的书房是和房子独立开来的, 书房在房子的对面。从书房看去, 可以看到孩子们把鼻子抵在窗户上看雪的样子, 我的脑海里出现了一首儿歌, 那是我小时候将鼻子抵在冰凉的窗户上看雪时会常常重复哼着的歌： 下雪吧, 下快一点吧： 石膏一样的雪白！ 在苏格兰宰些鹅, 把雪白的羽毛送到这儿来吧！ （根据约翰·博因顿·普里斯特利写的《初雪》改编而成）
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. week / wi: k/n. 星期, 周→ weekly / 'wi: kli/adj. 一周一次的, 每周的
2. inspect /In’spekt/vt. 检查, 检验; 视察→ inspector /In’spekto/n. 检查员, 巡视员→ inspection /?in’spekJn/n. 检查, 检验; 视察
3. insist /In’sIst/v. 坚称, 坚决认为→ insistence /In’sIstans/n. 坚持→ insistent /In’sIstont/ adj. 坚持的
4. shave /Jerv/ v. （用剃刀）刮（胡须等）; 为（某人）剃毛发→ shaving /'JeIvIn/n. 刮脸
5. innocent /'lnos （ a ） nt/adj. 天真无邪的→ innocence /Inasns/n. 清白, 无罪; 天真
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.谈及 say of
2.冒……的风险 at the risk of
3.来临 come round
4.使变形为…… be transformed into
5.使……变成…… turn…into…
6.apart from 与……分开; 除……之外（还, 都）
7.used to 过去常常
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 “find+宾语+宾补”结构
教材原句 You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different, and if this is not magic, then where is it to be found？ 你入睡时, 世界是一个模样, 醒来时发现是完全不同的另一番模样, 若非有魔力, 如何才能这般？
中文例句 我们很高兴发现我们的教室干净整洁。
句式仿写 We are delighted to find our classroom clean and tidy.
2.
句型公式 虚拟语气
教材原句 It was as if our kindly countryside, close to the very heart of England, had been turned into a cruel grassland. 就好像我们这个靠近英格兰中心位置的亲切的乡村变成了残酷的草原。
中文例句 通过这样做, 我们可以与客户建立更紧密的关系, 就好像他们是我们的邻居或亲戚一样。
句式仿写 By doing so, we can form a closer relationship with our customers as if they were our neighbors or relatives .
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
1.What is the main idea of the text
A.The first snow was a small event.
B.The first snow brought us magical beauty.
C.Everything was white and blue when it snowed.
D.The writer was nearly as excited as the children about the first snow.
答案：B
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the following blanks with proper words.
First Snow
When I got up this morning. ◆The world became a cold place of 1 and pale blues. ◆The 2 that came through the windows was very strange.
The sun came out. ◆The snow became 3 . ◆The 4 changed into a lovely Japanese print. ◆The little plum tree outside stood in full 5 .
An hour or two later. ◆Everything was a cold 6 of white and blue. ◆The sky was 7 . ◆All the trees had so many black and threatening 8 .
1. dead white 2. light 3. delicately pink 4. dining-room window 5. sunlight 6. sparkle 7. thick grey 8. shapes
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Why did the writer think it did seem an age
A.Because Mr Robert Lynd said a fall of snow was an event.
B.Because Christmas had suddenly come round again.
C.Because he hadn’t see a fall of snow for a long time.
D.Because he never saw so heavy a fall of snow before.
答案：C
2.How did the writer find the first fall of snow here
A.Magical. B.Quiet.
C.Strange. D.Common.
答案：A
3.What happened to the dining-room window
A.It was flushed with delicate pinks.
B.It became a lovely Japanese print.
C.It was covered by the faintly flushed snow.
D.It was artfully disposed in full sunlight.
答案：B
4.What made the writer hardly see the whole shallow valley clearly
A.The grey sky.
B.The falling flakes.
C.The bending trees.
D.The white and blue light.
答案：B
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children,① whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly ② as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
【分析】 本句为主从复合句。句①中whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly为whom引导的 非限制性定语 从句, 修饰先行词children; as if引导的是 方式状语 从句。
【译文】 今天早上对此我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋, 我看到他们都透过窗户望着外面神奇的世界, 兴奋地说个不停, 好像圣诞节又突然来临了。
2.① It is the first fall we have had here this winter , and ② last year I was out of the country, sweating in a hot climate, during the snowy season ,③ so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted .
【分析】 句中and连接两个表示顺承关系的并列分句, 分句①中we have had here this winter为省略关系代词的定语从句, 修饰先行词fall;③中so that引导 结果状语 从句, since引导的是 时间状语 从句。
【译文】 这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场降雪, 去年在雪季我身在异国, 在炎热的天气里汗流不止, 所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界着实过了些日子了。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What did I think of the snow
The snow looked strange and fascinating to me.
2.What happened this morning
When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.
3.What was the dining-room window like
The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print, and it was a kind of landscape.
4.How did I describe the kindly countryside close to the very heart of England
It seemed, a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees, so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened.
5.What does the snow make me think of finally
Snow is falling heavily. And there is running through my head a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
将上述句子转换句式（不能使用课文原句）。
1.使用词汇snow改写上面第二句。
When I got up this morning, it was snowing.
2.使用词汇look like及定语从句改写上面第三句。
The dining-room window looked like a vivid Japanese print, which was a kind of landscape.
3.使用独立主格结构和come to one’s mind改写上文第五句。
Snow falling heavily, a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child comes to my mind.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
The snow looked strange and fascinating to me. When I got up this morning, it was snowing. The dining-room window looked like a vivid Japanese print, which was a kind of landscape. In my view, it seemed that a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees, so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened. Now, snow falling heavily, a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child comes to my mind.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. inspector n. 检查员, 巡视员
Priestley wrote many successful articles, essays, novels and plays, but is best remembered for his play An Inspector Calls.
（教材P62）普里斯特利写了很多成功的文章、散文、小说和戏剧, 但他被世人铭记是因为他的戏剧《巡官登门》。
典例翻译
①The school inspectors were called in.
督学被叫来。
②The plants are regularly inspected for disease.
对这些植物定期做病害检查。
③Engineers carried out a thorough inspection of the track.
工程师对轨道进行了彻底检查。
④The head teacher went on a tour of inspection of all the classrooms.
校长巡视了所有教室。
归纳拓展
（1）inspect vt. 检查; 视察
因某物而检查某人/某物 inspect sb./sth. for sth.
（2）inspection n. 检查; 视察
巡视 a tour of inspection
进行检查 carry out an inspection
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The inspections （inspect） were supposed to be a surprise, but keepers sometimes had advance notice.
②The customs inspector （inspect） was on the watch for diamond smugglers.
③The teacher walked around inspecting （inspect）their work.
（2）完成句子
④两个警察让一辆卡车停住以便检查司机的驾驶证。
Two policemen held up a truck so as to inspect the driver’s license.
2. insist v. 坚称, 坚决认为
Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr Woodhouse, I must insist that last night’s fall of snow here was an event. （教材P62）在这位公正睿智的评论家面前, 即使是冒着让自己看起来像另一个伍德豪斯先生那样的风险, 我也得坚持说昨晚这儿的降雪是件大事。
典例翻译
①She insisted on leaving because it was so late.
她执意要走, 因为天太晚了。
②The doctor insisted that he was seriously ill and insisted that he （should） be operated on immediately.
医生坚持说他病得很严重, 并坚决要求他应该立即动手术。
③I still insist on my viewpoint.
我仍坚持我的观点。
④We must stick to our task till it is finished.
我们必须坚持我们的工作, 直至做完为止。
归纳拓展
（1）坚持…… insist on
（2）执意继续做某事（ = persist in doing sth.） insist on doing sth.
（3）“insist+that从句”表示“坚决要求……”时, 从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”, should可省略;“insist+that从句”表示“坚持说……”时, 从句不用虚拟语气。
易混辨析
insist on指坚持某种观点。
stick to多用于坚持原则、立场、观点、岗位、诺言等, 后接名词。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①After checking the state of the patient, the doctor insisted that the situation was （be） bad and that he have （have） 10 days off work to have a rest. But he insisted on going back to work without hesitation.
（2）一句多译
②他坚持要我同他一起去。
He insisted that I （should） go with him .
He insisted on me/my going with him .
（3）单句写作
③老师坚决要求要充分利用每一分钟来做好这项工作。
The teacher insisted that every minute （should） be made full use of to do the work well.
3. enhance v. 改进, 增强
What images does the author use to enhance the description of snow （教材P64）作者用什么比喻来加强对雪的描述？
典例翻译
①The black headband enhanced the whiteness of her skin.
黑色的束发带使她的皮肤显得更加白皙。
②Being honest can enhance our reputation.
诚实能提高我们的声誉。
③The moonlight enhanced the beauty of the scene.
月光使这景色更加美丽。
归纳拓展
（1）提高某人的声誉 enhance one’s reputation
（2）增强……的美 enhance the beauty of…
（3）enhance one’s consciousness提高某人的意识
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He said that the attractiveness of the book was enhanced （enhance） by excellent drawings.
（2）完成句子
②他的回绝对提高他的声誉没有任何帮助。
His refusal does nothing to enhance his reputation .
③在我们的日常生活中, 我们总是看到“防止地球变暖, 有效利用资源”这样的标语, 这提高了我们的环保意识。
In our daily life, we always see the slogan of“prevent the earth becoming warm, efficiently use the resources”, and this greatly enhances our consciousness of environmental protection .
重点句型
1. as if引导方式状语从句
I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again. （教材P62）今天早上对此我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋, 我看到他们都透过窗户望着外面神奇的世界, 兴奋地说个不停, 好像圣诞节又突然来临了。
典例翻译
①He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
②The teacher treats her students very well,as if they were her own children.
这位老师对她的学生非常好, 就好像他们是她自己的孩子。
③He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
归纳拓展
（1）as if也可用在seem, smell, sound, taste等系动词后引导表语从句。
（2）当as if/though从句表示的情况是事实或可能发生的真实情况时, 从句用陈述语气。
（3）当as if/though从句表示的情况与事实相反或不可能发生时, 从句用虚拟语气。
①从句表示的情况与现在事实相反, 谓语动词用一般过去时（be动词用were）。
②从句表示的情况与过去事实相反, 谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。
③从句表示的情况与将来事实相反, 谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①It was John who broke the window. Why are you talkingto me as if I had done （do）it
（2）完成句子
②快点！火车好像要开了。
Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to leave .
③他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
2.“find+宾语+宾补”结构
You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different, and if this is not magic, then where is it to be found （教材P62）你入睡时, 世界是一个模样, 醒来时发现是完全不同的另一番模样, 若非有魔力, 如何才能这般？
典例翻译
①She again found herself unable to blame him.
她又一次发现自己难以开口责备他。
②Carrie found herself stared at.
卡丽发现有人在盯着她看。
③When he awoke, he found himself in a room he didn’t recognize.
等他醒来, 他发现自己在一个他不认识的房间。
归纳拓展
（1）find+宾语+
（2）find it+形容词/名词+to do…（it是形式宾语, to do是真正的宾语）
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I found my wallet stolen （steal） on the bus.
②Some students find it not easy to understand （understand） English grammar.
③A group of children were found playing （play） in the playground.
（2）句型转换
④He found that it was hard to finish the work on time.
→He found it hard to finish the work on time.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.All the tourists are impressed with the amazing prospect （景色） there.
2.Mr. Johnson established the first church （教堂） in that part of the city.
3.I still remember the rhyme （儿歌, 童谣） that I learned as a child.
4.These cruel devices are designed to stop prisoners from bending （使弯曲） their legs.
5.This is a good opportunity to enhance （增强） the reputation of the company.
6.Mary is an innocent （天真的） girl who likes painting so much.
7.Chinese vases are disposed （摆放） around the gallery.
8.The leaves turn yellow, and the maples redden （变红）, so beautiful and so graceful!
9.He also insisted （坚决要求） that they should leave enough space for children.
10.With the brilliant sparkle （闪耀的光）still in her eyes, she ran out of the door.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
bend one’s mind to, get across, turn up, at the risk of, apart from, break out, insist on, come out
1.I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.
2.She bent her mind to the new work so that she forgot to have supper.
3.The man talked for nearly an hour at the meeting, but I really don’t know what point he was trying to get across .
4.He promised to come but hasn’t turned up yet.
5.He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.
6. Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.
7.A big fire broke out last night; as a consequence, the house was completely destroyed.
8.I opened my mouth to explain, but no words came out .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Last night’s fall of snow was an event. I was nearly as 1 （excite）about it this morning as the children. The very secrecy and 2 （quiet）made it more magical. When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white 3 pale blues. Then the sun was shining bravely and 4 （flush）the snow with delicate pinks. The dining-room window had been transformed 5 a lovely Japanese print. 6 hour or two later the world had completely changed again. The little Japanese prints had all disappeared. There 7 （be）indeed something 8 （curious）disturbing about the whole prospect. Now it has changed again. The glare has gone and no touch of the 9 （disturb）remains. From 10 （I）study, I can see the children flattening their noses against the window.
1. excited 2. quietness 3. and 4. flushing 5. into 6. An 7. was 8. curiously 9. disturbing 10. my
16Section Ⅱ Using language
（非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语）
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1. （教材P65）…I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
2. （教材P65）…wake up to find yourself in another quite different,…
3. （教材P65） I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, …
4. （教材P65）The Lake Poets were a small group of poets living in the Lake District of England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
5. （教材P65） The Lake District, known for its beauty, is in the north-west of England.
观察上面句子, 并分别写出每句中加黑部分所作的成分：
1. 过去分词作宾语补足语。
2. 动词不定式短语作结果状语。
3. 现在分词短语作宾语补足语。
4. 现在分词短语作定语。
5. 过去分词短语作定语。
要点精析
非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语
1.-ing形式作状语、定语、补语
作状语 -ing形式 用法 例句
doing 表示主动的动作, 可以表示原因、条件、伴随等。作结果状语时, 表示顺理成章的结果。 Finding her car stolen, she hurried to turn to a policeman for help. 发现她的车被偷了, 她匆忙向警察求助。 He ran to fast, falling down to the ground. 他跑得太快了, 结果摔倒在地上。
having done 表示主动, 该动作发生在句子/主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 Not having received any reply, he decided to write again. 没有收到任何回复, 他决定再写一封信。 Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment. 意识到我可以用风筝来吸引闪电, 我决定做个实验。
having been done 表示被动、完成的动作。 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 与其他大陆分离达数百万年, 澳大利亚有许多未在世界上任何其他国家发现的动植物。
作定语 doing 表示主动或进行, 如果是-ing短语, 要置于所修饰的名词之后。 Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures forming in your mind instead of before your eyes. 阅读是与看电视非常不同的体验; 图像在大脑中形成而不是在眼前。
being done 作后置定语, 表示被动且正在进行的动作。 The question being discussed at the meeting now is very important. 现在会议上正在被讨论的问题很重要。
作补语 doing 表示主动或正在进行的动作。如果是被动语态, 那么, 宾语补足语就变成主语补足语。 I can see some kids playing in the playground. 我可以看到一些孩子在操场上玩耍。（宾语补足语） The boy who was caught cheating in the exam will be punished. 考试作弊被抓的男生将受到惩罚。（主语补足语）
注意：英语中有些动词既可以用-ing形式作宾语补足语也可以用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 但表达的意义有所不同。如see sb. do sth. （看到某人做了某事, 表示看到事情的全过程）和see sb. doing sth. （看到某人正在做某事, 表示看到的是正在发生的事情）。常见的用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel, hear, notice, see, watch, observe。2. 过去分词作状语、定语、补语
作状语 用法 例句
过去分词作状语, 表示被动的动作, 相当于状语从句, 可以表示时间、原因、条件等, 可以转换为相应的状语从句。 Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. →If it is seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. （如果）从山上看, 城市显得更加美丽。
状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词, 构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。 When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体检时要保持镇定。 I won’t go to the party unless invited. 我不会去参加聚会的, 除非受到邀请。
作定语 过去分词作定语表示被动或完成, 相当于省略了“which/that+be”的定语从句。过去分词用作定语, 如果是单个词, 常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof. 卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气, 煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。
作补语 作表示感觉或心理状态的动词的宾补。如: see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find等。 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。
表示“使; 让”的动词后常接过去分词作宾补。如: have, get, keep, leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorow. 明天我要理发。 He got his tooth puled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。
make oneself后接过去分词作宾补, 表示“使自己被……”。 He spoke in a louder voice in order to make himself heard. 他更大声地讲话, 以便让别人听到。
3. 不定式作状语、定语、补语
作状语 用法 例句
不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因语等。不定式作目的状语, 常常置于句首, 如果置于句尾, 不定式前面常常没有逗号。 I stayed there to see what would hapen. 我留在那里看看会发生什么事。（目的状语）
I returned home that day to find that everything was being in good order. 那天我回到家却发现一切都那么井井有条。（结果状语, 表示出乎意料的结果。）
I am sorry to hear that. 听到那件事我很难过。（原因状语）
作定语 往往表示要做的事情。 He has nothing to do. 他无事可做。 We reached an agreement to do the work together. 我们达成协议共同做这项工作。 They made a plan to develop new products. 他们制订了一个研制新产品的计划。
作补语 常见的用带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有: alow, ask, beg, cause, forbid, force, get, invite, persuade, request, teach, tell, remind, want, warn, wish, advise, encourage 等。 We don’t allow them to take away any books from our library. 我们不允许他们带走我们图书馆的任何书。 Finally we persuaded them to stay with us. 最后我们说服他们和我们一起留下来。
常见的用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: fell, hear, have, let, make, notice, see, watch, listen to等。注意: 在主动语态中, 用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 在被动语态中, 动词不定式符号to要还原, 动词不定式转而作主语补足语。 Someone was heard to open the door. 听见有人开门。（作主语补足语）
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.He said that many words describing （describe）nature were being added to the new version of the junior dictionary.
2.The salvage, was piled （pile）upon the pier.
3.Yet the growth of business and industry also widened the gulf between the rich and the poor, giving （give）rise to reform movements.
4.I heard him singing （sing）in the next room.
5.American millionaires’ rooms were filled with art works imported （import）from Europe.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1.I was looking forward to 1. visiting （visit） the Tate Gallery of British Art in London. I decided 2. to go （go） there last Saturday. My friend agreed 3. to come （come） with me. We planned 4. to spend （spend） the whole day there. We planned 5. to meet （meet） at 9 am. My friend promised 6. to be （be）there on time. However, my friend hates 7. getting （get） up early and he arrived an hour late. After half an hour I got tired of 8. waiting （wait） for him and I visited it alone.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. fade v. 逐渐消失; 褪色
It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers-when the memory of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth-and yet what a pleasant time it is! （教材P66）当我们只记得晴朗的天空、绿色的田野和芳香的花朵时, 当冰雪和寒风的记忆完全从我们的脑海中消失, 就像它们从地球上消失一样, 它（八月）就会到来——然而这是多么令人愉快的时光啊!
典例翻译
①Effect of the international financial crisis is fading away.
国际金融危机的影响正逐渐减弱。
②He saw the monitor black out and a few words faded in.
他看见屏幕变暗, 渐渐显示出了几个字。
③Fade out the music at the end of the scene.
在场景的末尾把音乐减弱。
归纳拓展
（1）逐渐消失; （人）衰弱; 病重死亡 fade away
（2）（画面）淡入, 渐显; （声音）渐强 fade in
（3）（画面）淡出, 渐隐; （声音）渐弱 fade out
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The old man became ill and slowly faded away .
（2）单句写作
②太阳把窗帘晒得褪了色。
The sun had faded the curtains.
2. sweep v. 扫过, 掠过
…the wheat, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every gentle wind that sweeps above it, tinges the landscape with a golden colour. （教材P66）……一捆捆优雅地堆在一起的小麦, 或迎着枝头掠过的微风摇摆的小麦, 给大地染上了金黄的色彩。
典例翻译
①A huge wave swept over the deck.
一股巨浪从甲板上卷了过去。
②They were swept along/away by the force of their emotions.
他们受感情的威力所驱使。
③They say they will sweep away the administration and introduce new methods.
他们说要取消那种行政管理而采用新方法。
归纳拓展
（1）将某物清除 sweep sth. away
（2）使某人醉心; 驱使某人专注 sweep sb. along/away
（3）突然袭来 sweep over
（4）sweep sth. aside 对……置之不理; 不理会; 全然无视
sweep into 阔步进入; 大模大样地走入
sweep sth. out打扫干净, 清扫干净（房间等）
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①They swept into the hall, looking forward to knowing what was going on.
②A deadly fear swept over him.
（2）单句写作
③学生们正在打扫教室地面。
The students are sweeping the floor of the classroom.
3. hang over笼罩; 使……忧虑
A soft, pleasant light appears to hang over the whole earth…（教材P66）一道柔和的、令人愉快的光似乎笼罩着整个地球……
典例翻译
①If you continue to hang out with that group of bad boys, you’ll fail in your exams.
如果你继续和那群坏孩子闲逛, 你考试会不及格的。
②Please hang on a second; I’ll look for the manager and tell him you are on the phone for him.
请不要挂电话, 我去找经理并告诉他你正打电话等着他。
③The dog’s tongue was hanging out.
狗的舌头耷拉在外面。
④The possibility of a court case is still hanging over her.
可能被告上法庭的阴影依然笼罩在她的心头。
归纳拓展
（1）（在逆境中）坚持; 握住不放; 不挂断 hang on
（2）闲逛; 耷拉在外面 hang out
（3）hang together 相符, 一致; 同心协力
hang on to sth. 紧紧抓住某物
易混辨析
hang可表示两种意思：一作“绞死; 吊死”, 规则变化; 二作“悬挂”, 不规则变化, 过去式和过去分词都是hung。
学以致用
（1）用hang短语的正确形式填空
①It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
② Hang on a minute-I’ll be with you in a moment!
（2）完成句子
③无论处境可能多么困难, 都要不遗余力地获取知识并坚持下去。
Spare no effort to acquire knowledge and hang on no matter how difficult the situation may be.
重点句型
感叹句
… what a pleasant time it is!（教材P66）……这是多么令人愉快的时光啊!
典例翻译
①How cold it is!
天气多冷呀!
②What fools they are!
他们多傻啊!
③How interesting a story it is!
这是个多有趣的故事啊！
④How well she plays!
她演奏得多么好啊!
⑤What beautiful weather!
天气真好!
归纳拓展
英语的感叹句通常以how和what开头, 其中what后接名词, how修饰形容词或副词。根据感叹句的不同结构, 我们可以将它归纳为以下句型：
What+名词+主语+谓语！（其中的“主语+谓语”通常可以省略）
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语！
How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！
How+形容词+a/an+名词单数可数+主语+谓语！
How+主语+谓语！
学以致用
单句填空
① How fast he drives!
② What a surprise!
③ How he wished for a drink!
④ What clever boys they are!
⑤What a slow train this is!
9Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
I.课文翻译
教材原文 Silent Spring There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example-where had they gone Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh. Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession, but these lines from the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring, “A Fable for Tomorrow”, show her talent as a writer. By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems—in particular, to the harmful use of pesticides, such as DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way. Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation. Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies. The book details the gypsy moth eradication programme, which killed birds, in addition to gypsy moths. Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows, but not fire ants. The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist. Carson’s message was very alarming, causing a great increase in environmental awareness. Its impact was immediate and far-reaching: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency （A）was established in the US. Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp. Silent Spring was not, however, received positively by everyone. Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist. Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research. Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims-and today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is sill ringing loud and clear. Personally, I enjoy Carson’s book. She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people. This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments, strong though they are, but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing. Her book not only changed the world; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today, so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message. For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning, one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring. 教材译文 寂静的春天 一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。例如, 小鸟都飞到哪里去了 许多人谈论着, 茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃。随处可见的为数不多的几只鸟奄奄一息; 它们浑身激烈打颤, 无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨, 再也没有了知更鸟、猫鹊、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的合唱以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声; 只留下一片寂静,笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。 蕾切尔·卡森本职是一位科学家, 但是1962年, 她在《寂静的春天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这几行文字, 展现了她作为作家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界, 她力求做到不仅警告科学界, 而且提醒公众, 人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果,尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物, 甚至对人类本身造成伤害, 她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制, 并且严加监管。 卡森敦促人们认清事实, 并且为此做出努力。《寂静的春天》中含有大量的科学研究和案例研究。这本书详细介绍了在消灭舞毒蛾计划中, 除了消灭舞毒蛾, 还杀死了鸟类。另一个案例研究则是在开展消灭火蚁计划时, 人们杀死的是奶牛, 而非火蚁。这本书还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例, 都未能像预期那样解决问题。这本书最后的五十来页列出了卡森的资料来源, 显示出她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。 卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧, 大大提升了人们的环保意识。这本书的效果立竿见影, 并且影响深远: DDT被禁用; 环境保护署也在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的里程碑, 这使作者在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉, 美国17美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。 但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有说服力, 而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持, 但是这本书很快成为了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论点背后的科学原理, 因为她是一位海洋生物学家,而不是化学家。一些人还说, 她的作品过于情感化, 科学性并不强。这些人想要通过破坏卡森的名声来阻止她的作品影响公共政策, 但卡森仍然决心坚持自己的研究, 在公众面前、在电视节目中露面以捍卫自己的观点。时至今日,《寂静的春天》已经出版五十多年了, 但它发出的声音依旧响亮而清晰。 而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但可能很难理解的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。这倒不是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力, 而是因为她优美典雅的文笔。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界, 就是在半个世纪后的今天, 它仍然值得人们重新阅读, 以再次感受她充满感情的文字带给我们的如火焰般的温暖。因为如果我们不听从蕾切尔·卡森的劝告, 可能有一天我们会认识到另一个寂静的春天的古怪而安静的恐怖。
II. 词汇拓展
1. puzzled /'p zld/adj. 困惑的, 无法理解的→ puzzling /'p zl /adj. 令人迷惑的→ puzzle /'p zl/n. 谜; 智力游戏 v. （使）迷惑→ puzzlement /'p zlm nt/n. 迷惑; 困惑
2. knowingly /'n li/adv. 故意地→ know /n /v. 知道; 认识到; 懂得→ known /n n/adj. 已知的; 知名的
3. thorough /'θ r /adj. 仔细的; 缜密的→ thoroughly /'θ r li/adv. 彻底; 完全
4. precise /pr 'sa s/adj. 精确的; 一丝不苟的→ precisely /pr 'sa sli/adv. 精确地; 恰好
5. aware / 'we （r）/adj. 意识到的; 知道的→ awareness / 'we n s/n. 知道；意识
6. elegance /'el ɡ ns/n. 优美; 简洁→ elegant /'el ɡ nt/adj. 优美的; 文雅的→ elegantly /?el ɡ ntli/adv. 优美地; 文雅地
7. passionate /'p ∫（ ）n t/adj. 热诚的; 具有强烈信念的→ passionately /'p ∫（ ）n tli/adv. 热情地; 强烈地; 激昂地→ passion /'p ∫n/n. 激情; 强烈情感
8. origin /' r d n/n. 起源; 源头→ original / 'r d n l/adj. 起初的; 原来的→ originally / 'r d nli/adv. 起初; 最初
III.情境词块
1.谈及; 说到 speak of
2.力求做到 aim to
3.特别; 尤其 in particular
4.对……产生伤害 cause harm to
5.敦促某人做某事 urge sb. to do sth.
6.使某人意识到 make sb. aware of
7.in addition to 除了……之外
8.environmental awareness 环保意识
9.rather than 而不是
10.stand by 坚持; 支持; 袖手旁观
IV. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 过去分词作后置定语
教材原句 The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. 随处可见的为数不多的几只鸟奄奄一息; 它们浑身激烈打颤, 无法飞翔。
中文例句 应邀参加晚会的大多数人是他的老校友。
句式仿写 Most of the people invited to the party were his old schoolmates.
2.
句型公式 more…than…与其……不如……
教材原句 Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. 一些人还说, 她的作品过于情感化, 科学性不强。
中文例句 这事与其说让人高兴, 不如说让人担心。
句式仿写 It was more a worry than a pleasure.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Why did many people get puzzled and disturbed
A.Because they didn’t speak of birds again.
B.Because the feeding stations were destroyed.
C.Because most birds were gone.
D.Because birds’ voices were unusual.
答案：C
2.What can we learn about Rachel Carson
A.She was born in 1962.
B.She was a writer by profession.
C.She thought pesticides were harmful.
D.She used too many pesticides daily.
答案：C
3.What caused a great increase in the awareness of protecting the environment
A.Carson’s research.
B.The fire-ant program.
C.The green movement.
D.Some gypsy moths.
答案：A
4.Who supported Carson’s research
A.Most writers.
B.Most scientists.
C.Most critics.
D.Most officials.
答案：B
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是描写自然。对于有关自然类的书来说, 应该通过调查研究、长时间仔细认真地观察才能得出结论, 因此一般为说明文; 也可以是通过某个现象, 得出一些人生的思考, 因而也可能是议论文; 一般是观察到的现象或者根据这些现象所得出的结论或者思考。本环节依据“Listening and Speaking”的交际功能, 使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实, 是一次训练口头表达能力、培养思辨能力、展现自我的机会。
文本改写
【教材原文】
There is no month in the whole year in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers-when the memory of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth-and yet what a pleasant time it is! Orchards and fields sing with the sound of work; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the wheat, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every gentle wind that sweeps above it, tinges the landscape with a golden colour. A soft, pleasant light appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself even to a passing wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is seen by the eye, but makes no loud noises upon the ear.
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的英语说明文。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.与……相比 compared to
2.只有 nothing but
3.被……加强 be enhanced by
4.与……相比 contrast with
5.充满 be full of
【句型运用】
1.五月景色美, 但八月是一年中最美的月份。
May has many beauties, but August is the most beautiful month of the year.
2.春天展现的只有晴朗的天空, 绿色的田野, 香甜的花朵。
Spring shows nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers.
3.与冬天的雪、冰和刺骨的寒风形成对比, 八月是一个愉快的季节。
Enhanced by the contrast with snow, ice, and biting winds in winter, August is a pleasant time.
4.果园和田野里到处都是劳作的声音, 在这个丰收的季节, 丰富的水果和谷物使风景变成一片金色。
Orchards and fields are full of the sound of work, and in such a harvest season, rich fruits and grains make the landscape a golden colour.
5.一辆没有喧闹声的马车穿过收割好的田野, 使八月显得格外迷人。
A wagon without loud noises seen passing across the well-reaped field makes August extremely charming.
【句式升级】
1.用非谓语动词升级第一句。
Compared to many beauties in May, August is the most beautiful month of the year.
2.用感叹句升级第三句。
Enhanced by the contrast with snow, ice, and biting winds in winter, what a pleasant time August is!
3.用强调句升级第五句。
It is a wagon without loud noises seen passing across the well-reaped field that makes August extremely charming.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的英语短文。
Compared to many beauties in May, August is the most beautiful month of the year. Spring shows nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers. However, enhanced by the contrast with snow, ice, and biting winds in winter, what a pleasant time August is! Orchards and fields are full of the sound of work, and in such a harvest season, rich fruits and grains make the landscape a golden colour. Meanwhile, it is a wagon without loud noises seen passing across the well-reaped field that makes August extremely charming.
实战演练
假定你是李华, 你们学校将举办以“Protect Wild Animals”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示写一篇英语演讲稿。
1. 野生动物的现状（过度捕猎）;
2. 保护建议（建保护区、提高保护意识等）;
3. 美好愿景。
注意：1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已经写好, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇：自然保护区nature reserve 意识awareness
Good morning, everyone!
I’m very glad to give a speech today. The topic of my speech is“Protect Wild Animals”.
Thank you!
答案：高分范文
Good morning, everyone!
I’m very glad to give a speech today. The topic of my speech is “Protect Wild Animals”.
As we all know, animals also play a part in keeping the balance of nature. Unfortunately, they are being over-hunted, and some of them are dying out. So it is urgent to take some measures to protect them. First, we must build nature reserves. Second, we should raise our awareness of
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. dozen n. 一打; 许多
The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. （教材P69）这本书还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例, 都未能像预期那样解决问题。
典例翻译
①I’d like three dozen altogether.
我一共想要3打。
②Dozens of people have been injured and many vehicles set on fire.
很多人受了伤, 很多车辆起火。
③He has lived here for two dozen years.
他已在这儿住了24年。
④There were several dozens of people there.
那里有许多人。
⑤Eggs are sold by the dozen.
蛋是按打出售的。
归纳拓展
（1）按打计算 by the dozen
（2）许多的 dozens of
（3）几打鸡蛋 several dozens of eggs = several dozen eggs
误区警示
（1）与具体数字连用时, 不加复数词尾-s; 若后接名词, 通常也无需用介词of。
（2）若不与具体数字连用, 而是表示不确定的泛指数时, 则不仅要加复数词尾-s, 而且要后接介词of, 然后才能接名词。
（3）当与a few, several, many等数目不很具体的词或词组连用时, 带不带复数词尾-s均可, 但是注意：若不带复数词尾-s, 其后的介词of可以省略; 若带复数词尾-s, 则其后介词of不能省略。
（4）若其后的名词被the, these, those等特指限定词修饰, 或其后接的是us, them 等人称代词时, 则此时必须用介词of。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①On her birthday, she always receives cards by the dozen.
② Dozens （dozen）of miles of railway track have been torn up.
③If you buy a dozen of these tins, we can take 5 percent off the price.
（2）完成句子
④为了做到这一点, 我已经搜索了几十个剧本, 找出我认为最能体现短剧的力量和目的的那些。（2020浙江卷）
To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
2. precise adj. 精确的; 一丝不苟的
The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist. （教材P69）这本书最后的五十页左右列出了卡森的资料来源, 显示了她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
典例翻译
①A lawyer needs a precise mind.
律师需要有缜密的思考。
②There were not many-five,to be precise.
数量不多——准确地说, 只有五个。
③That’s precisely what I meant.
那恰恰是我的意思。
④She gave me clear and precise instructions.
她给了我清晰而明确的指令。
归纳拓展
（1）准确地说, 确切地说 to be precise
明确的指令 precise instructions
（2）precisely adv. 精确地; 恰好; 细心地
学以致用
单句填空
①The shelf is about a metre long-well,98 cm, to be （be）precise.
②The problem is due to discipline, or, more precisely （precise）, the lack of discipline, in schools.
③Not only can a cell’s motions be precisely controlled with the device, but it can also provide very precise measurements of a cell’s position. （precise）
3. ban vt. 禁止, 取缔 n. 禁令
Its impact was immediate and far-reaching: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency （A）was established in the US. （教材P69）它的效果立竿见影, 并且影响深远：DDT被禁用, 环境保护署也在美国成立。
典例翻译
①Britain’s health experts are pushing for a ban on/against all cigarette advertising.
英国的健康专家正努力争取取缔任何形式的香烟广告。
②Smoking is now banned in many places of work.
现在许多工作场所禁止吸烟。
③In such a special stage, the law places/puts such behavior under a ban.
在这样一个特殊的阶段, 法律禁止这种行为。
归纳拓展
（1）ban（doing） sth. 禁止（做）某事
ban sb. from （doing）sth. 禁止（某人）做某事
（2）对……的禁令 a ban on/against
place/put…under a ban 禁止
“禁止某人做某事”的其他表达还有：
prohibit sb. from doing sth.
forbid sb. from doing sth.
forbid sb. to do sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Chemical weapons are banned （ban）internationally.
②They are banned from swimming （swim）in the river.
③There is a ban on/against smoking in all indoor public places.
④The new rule has placed smoking under a ban.
（2）单句写作
⑤老师严禁他在课上讲话。
The teacher banned/prohibited him from talking in class.
4. launch n.&vt. 推出, 发起; 使（船）下水; 发动; 发射
Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. （教材P69）《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方世界发起绿色运动的里程碑。
典例翻译
①The launch of their new machines in this factory received much media coverage.
这个工厂投产的新机器广获传媒报道。
②Are you at the launch of the new ship
新船下水时你在场吗？
③He launched into a lengthy account of his career.
他开始啰啰唆唆地讲述自己的工作经历。
④It’s time I launched out on my own.
该是我自己创业的时候了。
归纳拓展
（1）（火箭）发射; （船）下水; （新产品）投产 the launch of
（2）（热情地）开始做; 投入 launch into
（3）开始从事, 投身于（新的事业） launch out
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①She launched into an explanation of how the machine worked.
②She’s decided she has enough experience to launch out on her own.
③She is signing copies of her book at the official launch.
（2）单句写作
④我昨天看了火箭发射。
I saw the launch of the rocket yesterday.
5. aim to do sth. 目的在于做某事; 打算做某事
By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public…（教材P68）通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界, 她旨在不仅警告科学界, 而且提醒公众……
典例翻译
①His music is commercial. It isaimed at the masses.
他的音乐走商业化路线, 针对的是一般大众。
②I aim to learn ten new words by heart every day.
我力争每天记十个新单词。
③Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims.
要达到这些目标需要协同合作。
④All the social media took aim at the popular star.
所有的社交媒体都把矛头指向这位当红明星。
归纳拓展
（1）aim v. 以……为目标; 瞄准; 对准
目的在于, 针对 be aimed at
aim at doing sth. 目的在于做某事; 打算做某事
aim at（用枪等）对准; 目的在于; 针对
（2）aim n. 目标, 目的
实现某人的目标, 达到某人的目的 achieve one’s aim
把目标对准某人/某物; 把批评的矛头指向某人/某物 take aim at sb./sth.
with the aim of意在……
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①This activity is aimed at improving （improve） the students’ ability to listen and speak.
②I don’t know at whom the Minister’s remarks were aimed, but he ought not to say such things.
③His brother aims to be （be） a policeman.
（2）单句写作
④格林先生来访中国的目的是参观长城。（with the aim of）
Mr. Green visited China with the aim of seeing the Great Wall.
6. cause/do harm to对……造成伤害
She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans…（教材P68）她认为, 化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物甚至人类造成伤害……
典例翻译
①These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon,causing serious harm to life and the environment.
近来, 违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见, 对生活和环境都造成了极大的危害。
②If you want to solve the problem in this way,there is no harm in calling him.
如果你想以这种方式来处理问题, 你不妨给他打个电话。
③These are just some jokes. They mean no harm but fun.
这些只是玩笑。他们没有恶意, 只是为了好玩而已。
④Smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.
抽烟会对你孩子的健康有害。
归纳拓展
（1）无恶意 mean no harm
（2）做某事无害处 there is no harm in doing sth.
（3）harmful adj. 有害的; 不利的
对……有害 be harmful to…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Don’t believe him. No harm has been done （do） to him ever since.
②As second-hand smoking is more harmful （harm） and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.
③They don’t usually employ untrained workers, but there’s no harm in trying （try） your fortune.
（2）一句多译
如果使用不当, 这种药物会对你造成伤害。
④ If used improperly, the medicine will do/cause harm to you. （harm n.）
⑤ If used improperly, the medicine will be harmful to you. （harmful）
重点句型
more…than…与其说……倒不如说……
Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. （教材P69）一些人还说, 她的作品过于情感化, 科学性并不强。
典例翻译
①The book seems to be more a dictionary than one on grammar.
与其说这是一本语法书, 倒不如说是一本词典。
②It is more a lyric than a folk story.
与其说这是个民间故事, 不如说是首抒情诗。
③As we all know, actions are more powerful than words.
众所周知, 行动比语言更有力度。
④More than one person has been concerned in this affair.
不止一个人卷入了此事。
归纳拓展
（1）与……一样不 no more…than…
不如; 不及 not more…than…
（2）比……更 more+形容词/副词+than…
more than one +单数名词, 意为“不止一个……”, 在语意上虽为复数, 但作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
（3） +
学以致用
完成句子
①这本书不如那本书难。
This book is not more difficult than that one.
②他和我都不会读西班牙语。
He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am.
③他不仅仅是位作家, 还是一名教授。
He is more than a writer; he is also a professor.
④她在这部电影中与其说是演员, 不如说是制片人。而且她必须比别人做得更多, 这让她很累。
She is more a producer than an actress in this film. And she had to do more than others, which makes her more than tired .
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.The government has banned （禁止） the use of chemical weapons.
2.Looking at my puzzled （困惑的） appearance, he with a bit of embarrassment explained.
3.A volcano near Pompeii, Italy, erupted. The earth began to tremble （颤抖） and a cloud came down the mountain.
4.I must alert （提醒） him to the need to solve the problem.
5.His thorough （缜密的） knowledge and competence were recognized.
6.We have got good media coverage for the launch （推出） of the new model.
7.Deep down there in the depth of the soil, the great heart throbbed （生机勃勃） once more.
8.She was accused of knowingly （故意地） making a false statement to the police.
9.At the precise （精确的） moment when I put my foot on the step, the bus started.
10.Scarlet felt that it gave her the final finishing touch of elegance （优美）.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
urge…to, speak of, scores of, in particular, cause harm to, carry out, be aware of, stand by, alert…to, be considered as
1.The president told the reporter that he wanted to stand by his earlier statements.
2.He urged her to come and stay with us just now.
3.He spoke of the French and their habit of standing in a queue in the lecture yesterday.
4.People around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortages.
5.There are scores of modern art styles, so which do you like best
6.Parents and teachers should in particular act as better examples to children.
7.Drinking too much will cause harm to your health, so you’d better stop drinking.
8.He wanted to alert people to the activities of the group.
9.Even today, Lincoln is still considered as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.
10.I would like to see the project carried out .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Silent Spring
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962. Carson wrote the book 1 （aim） to alert people to the damaging effects of human activities 2 natural ecosystems. And she wished to see pesticides 3 （use） in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way. The book contains a lot of scientific information, research, examples and so on, 4 shows how precise she was as a scientist. The arguments were strong and the language was 5 （elegance） and influential. However, the book was not received positively by everyone. It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry, who said that Carson’s research was not precise. Carson appeared in public and on television 6 （defend） her claims.
Carson’s message was 7 （alarm） and its influence was immediate and far-reaching. The use of DDT 8 （ban） and the A was established in the US. The book was considered as 9 milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. Carson earned a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10 （aware） of protecting natural ecosystems.
1. aiming 2. on 3. used 4. which 5. elegant 6. to defend 7. alarming 8. was banned 9. a 10. awareness
18Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① weekly adj. 一周一次的, 每周的
② inspector n. 检查员, 巡视员
③ insist v. 坚称, 坚决认为
④ shaving n. 刮胡子
⑤ prospect n. 开阔的景观, 景色
⑥ bend v. 变弯曲
⑦ church n. 教堂
⑧ rhyme n. 儿歌, 童谣
⑨ innocent adj. 天真无邪的
⑩ enhance v. 改进; 增强
wheat n. 小麦
gentle adj. 轻柔的; 温和的
sweep v. 吹过, 掠过
ban v. 禁止, 取缔
chorus n. 合唱曲
thorough adj. 仔细的; 缜密的
precise adj. 精确的; 一丝不苟的
launch n. 推出, 发起
reputation n. 名誉, 名望
elegance n. 优美; 简洁
passionate adj. 具有强烈信念的
diamond n. 钻石
2.拓展单词
① weekly adj. 一周一次的, 每周的→ week n. 星期, 周
② inspector n. 检查员, 巡视员→ inspect vt. 检查, 检验; 视察→ inspection n. 检查; 审视; 视察
③ insist v. 坚称, 坚决认为→ insistence n. 坚持→ insistent adj. 坚持的
④ shaving n. 刮胡子→ shave vt.&vi. 剃（须发）; （尤指）刮脸
⑤ bend v. 变弯曲→ bendy adj. 易弯曲的, 柔韧的→ bending adj. 弯曲的
⑥ innocent adj. 天真无邪的→ innocently adv. 故作无知地; 故作天真地
⑦ faintly adv. 微弱地; 模糊地→ faint adj. 微小的; 不热情的; 虚弱的→ faintness n. 眩晕; 虚弱
⑧ dispose v. 排列, 布置→ disposed adj. 倾向于; 有意于
⑨ prospect n. 开阔的景观, 景色→ prospective adj. 有望的; 预期的
⑩ flatten vt. 击倒, 摧毁; 使变平→ flat adj. 平坦的; 单调的 n. 平地; 公寓
puzzled adj. 困惑的, 无法理解的→ puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的→ puzzle n. 谜; 智力游戏 vt.&vi. 迷惑; 使困惑→ puzzlement n. 迷惘; 困惑
knowingly adv. 会意地→ know vt. 知道; 认识; 懂得→ known adj. 已知的; 知名的
thorough adj. 仔细的; 缜密的→ thoroughly adv. 彻底地, 完全地
precise adj. 精确的; 一丝不苟的→ precisely adv. 精确地; 恰好地
bravely adv. 勇敢地→ bravery n. 勇敢→ brave adj. 勇敢的
elegance n. 优美; 简洁→ elegantly adv. 优美地→ elegant adj. 优美的, 优雅的
passionate adj. 具有强烈信念的→ passionately adv. 热情地; 强烈地; 激昂地→ passion n. 激情
secrecy n. 保密; 秘密状态→ secret adj. 秘密的, 保密的n. 秘密→ secretly adv. 秘密地; 背地里
quietness n. 平静, 安静→ quiet adj. 安静的; 安定的→ quietly adv. 安静地; 秘密地
transform vt. 改变, 使……变形; 转换→ transformation n. 转变; 改革; 改观
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. gypsy moth 舞毒蛾
2. dozens of 数十个; 许多
3. be seen as 被看作是
4. nothing but 只有
5. hang over 笼罩
6. add to 增加
7. replace... with... 用……替代……
8. in one’s opinion 依某人看
9. all the time 总是; 一直
10. be irrelevant to 与……无关
11. filter into 渗入
12. as well as 也; 除……之外还; 不但……而且……
13. be regarded as 被视为
14. aim to 力求达到; 力争做到
15. in the launch of 在推出
16. look forward to 期待; 盼望
17. make sb. aware of 使某人意识到……
18. stop... from doing... 阻止……做……
19. speak of 谈及; 说到
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.如今, 他因他的戏剧《罪恶之家》而非常出名。
Today, he is most famous for his play An InspectorCalls.
2.在阳光的普照之下, 屋外的李子树的树干和枝丫被微微发亮的积雪精致巧妙地装点着。
The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk, stood in full sunlight.
3.我从书房看向窗外, 越过花园、田野, 再望向远处低矮的小山, 沿着不断向前延伸的地面望去, 天空成了厚重的灰色, 所有的树木都显出一副黑梭梭和凶神恶煞的样子。
I looked out of my study window, over the garden, the field, to the low hills beyond, and the ground went on and on, the sky was thick grey, and all the trees so many black and threatening shapes.
4.就好像我们这个靠近英格兰中心位置的亲切小乡村变成了使人痛苦的草原。
It was as if our kindly countryside, close to the very heart of England, had been turned into a cruel grassland.
5.他们之所以这样做, 是因为他们认为这些词与儿童无关, 所以他们用诸如“film”的术语来代替它们。
The reason why they are doing this is that they think these words are irrelevant to children, so instead they’ve replaced them with terms like “film”.
6.为数不多的几只鸟也奄奄一息; 它们浑身激烈打颤, 无法飞翔。
The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly.
7.卡森敦促人们认清事实, 并且为此做出努力。
Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.
8.《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方世界发起绿色运动的里程碑。
Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的英语短文。
1. 上周末我进行了一次自然生态之旅。但是, 我们中的一些人在观光时随意摘花。（prospect）
2. 有些人甚至试图捕捉正在欢快地进行合唱的鸟儿。（while doing 作状语）
3. 更糟糕的是, 许多游客随意丢垃圾, 这可能会对那里的野生生物造成危害。（cause harm to）
4. 我们应该知道如何恰当地表达我们对自然的爱。（how to do）
5. 每个人都应该增强保护自然的意识, 与自然和谐相处。（enhance; in harmony with）
One possible version:
Last weekend I went on a natural eco-travel. All the way we enjoyed the charming prospect. But a few of us picked flowers casually while going sightseeing. Some even tried to catch the birds that were having a chorus happily. What’s worse, many tourists dropped litter casually, which may cause harm to the wildlife there.
In my mind, we should know how to express our love for nature appropriately. Everyone should enhance the awareness of protecting nature to be in harmony with nature.
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