外研版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 A life’s work 课件（5份打包）

(共107张PPT)
Unit 2 A life's work
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 Life Behind the Lens A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York, always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes. If you saw him, you’d never think there was anything remarkable about him. And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man. 教材译文
镜头背后的人生
一位白发老人总是穿着同样的蓝色工装夹克和样式简单的黑色跑鞋，骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约街头穿梭。如果你看到他，你永远不会觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一位成员都只想为这个人摆姿势。
This ordinary-looking man was Bill Cunningham, one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years. What made Cunningham so great It certainly wasn’t the use of expensive, technologically-advanced equipment. Cunningham always used simple, relatively cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York, not in a studio. Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections. 这位看起来普普通通的人就是比尔·坎宁安，美国近五十年来最重要的摄影师之一。
是什么使得坎宁安享有如此盛誉？当然不是因为他使用了昂贵和技术先进的设备。坎宁安总是使用简单、相对便宜的相机，在纽约的街道拍他所有的照片，而不是在摄影棚中。也不是通过广泛的接触和联系。
续表
Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan. He found inspiration where others could not, in simple, everyday scenes, such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store, or a woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway. 虽然他一直知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。他能在一些简单的日常场景中找到其他人无法找到的灵感，比如一个在当地杂货店买橘子的男人，或是一个乘坐画满涂鸦的地铁回家的女人。
续表
These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential. Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone-fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands. Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. 这些东西是真实的，正是在它们的真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。他通过自己迷恋人们穿着什么，而不是他们是谁，他向所有人打开了时尚的大门——在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处在于他对摄影的热爱精神，以及他在工作中投入的长时间的纯粹的努力工作。
续表
Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day, regardless of the weather. He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos. He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick. This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos. This is what makes them so special. Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated. 不管天会如何，坎宁安每天都会走上纽约的街头。甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面, 直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。他几乎从未休过一天假，也从未因病待在家中。我们看到从他的照片中表现出这种奉献和努力。这就是使得这些照片如此与众不同的原因。
虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。
续表
He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom. A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee. Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer. He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. 他住在一间与其他人共用浴室的小公寓里。他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
作为时尚摄影师，坎宁安从未接受过这个职业带给他的好处。他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所收买，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
续表
And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun. “Money’s the cheapest thing,” he once said, then added: “…freedom is the most expensive.” This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft, enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style. Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life. 而且如果他去参加名人聚会，他是去工作而不是玩乐。“钱是最不值钱的东西，”他曾说，接着补充“……自由是最昂贵的。”对自身利益和升迁毫不关注，这使坎宁安专注于自己的技能，能够捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。
坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。
续表
He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness. Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted. His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer-he was a “cultural anthropologist”, who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star-and this was how he wanted it. 他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。他的辛勤工作使他不仅仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。比尔·坎宁安是一位观察者，而不是一位被观察者，是一名劳动者而不是一个明星——而这正是他想要的。
续表
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. ______________ /'f s 'ne n/n.着迷，迷恋→ ____________ /'f s ne t/v.深深吸引；迷住→ _____________ /'f s ne t d/adj.入迷的；极感兴趣的→ ______________ /'f s ne t /adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
fascination
fascinate
fascinated
fascinating
2. __________ /'f n/n.时尚→ ______________ /'f n bl/adj.流行的；时髦的
fashion
fashionable
3. ________________ / n’k mpl ke t d/adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的→ ______________ /'k mpl ke t d/adj.难懂的，复杂的
uncomplicated
complicated
anthropologist
4. _________________ /' nθr 'p l d st/n.人类学家→ _______________ /' nθr 'p l d /n.人类学
anthropology
equipment
equip
5. ____________ / 'kw pm nt/n.器材；设备→ ________ / 'kw p/ v.配备；装备
inspire
6. __________ / n’spa r/vt.启迪, 赋予灵感；激励, 鼓舞→ ___________ / n’spa d/adj.受到启发的→ ____________ / n’spa r /adj.鼓舞人心的→ ______________ /' nsp 're n/n.灵感；激励
inspired
inspiring
inspiration
devotion
devote
7. ___________ /d 'v n/ n.奉献；忠诚；专心→ _________ /d 'v t/vt. 献出, 付出；专心于→ __________ /d 'v t d/adj.挚爱的；忠诚的
devoted
benefit
8. __________ /'ben f t/vt.& vi.使受益；得益于 n.益处；救济金；奖金→_____________ /'ben 'f l/adj.有益的, 有帮助的
beneficial
promote
9. __________ /pr 'm t/vt.推广, 宣传；促销；促进, 推动→ ____________ /pr 'm n/n.促进；晋升；促销活动
promotion
observe
10. __________ / b’z : v/vt.庆祝, 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论→ ___________ / b’z : v r/n.观察者→ ______________ /' bz 've n/n.观察；监视
observer
observation
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. 仅仅；只不过____________________
nothing more than
2. 为……摆好姿势；为……摆造型 ___________
pose for
3. 大范围的 __________________
a wide range of
4. 时髦的聚会；时尚派对______________________
fashionable parties
5. 找到灵感 ___________________
find inspiration
6. fascination with_______________
对……的着迷
7. pass away_____________
逝世；去世
8. more than _____________
超过；不只
9. reflect within_______________
反映在……中
珍视某人的正直
10. value one’s integrity_________________
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 nothing more than 只不过
教材原句 And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wantednothing more thanto pose for this man. 然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一位成员都只想为这个人摆姿势。
中文例句 如果你想要的只有那个，我可以很容易地记住。
句式仿写 ________________________________________________________________________________
If you desire nothing more than that, I can easily keep it in mind.
2.
句型公式 nor/neither位于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序
教材原句 Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.
也不是通过广泛的接触和联系。
中文例句 他的父母也对考试结果不满意。
句式仿写 _________________________________________________________________________________
Neither/Nor were his parents satisfied with the result of the exam.
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
1. What is the main idea of the text ( )
A. Cunningham and his photos.
B. Cunningham’s life as a photographer.
C. How famous photographers work.
D. A person who has passion for his job.
B
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Bill Cunningham
What he was ◆He is one of the most important American 1. ____________________________.
◆He always took all his pictures using simple, relatively 2. ____________________________on the streets of New York.
◆He liked to photograph 3. ________________________________ in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
photographers
cheap cameras
ordinary people
Bill Cunningham
Fashion belief ◆Fashion belongs to the people, not just to 4.________________________and big brands.
◆It’s about what people 5.__________________________, and not who they were.
Devotion to photography ◆He would go out onto the streets of New York every day,6. ____________________________ the weather.
◆He would not come back until he had 7.________________________________ and hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.
were wearing
regardless of
the right photos
high society
续表
Bill Cunningham
Life philosophy ◆He lived in a 8. ___________________________with a shared washroom and usually had the same meal in a simple restaurant.
◆He never accepted the 9. __________________ offered to him.
◆He valued 10. _________________________and would not be bought by anyone.
small apartment
benefits
his integrity
续表
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. Why do people always think Cunningham is unremarkable ( )
A. Because he is too ordinary.
B. Because he likes riding an ordinary bicycle.
C. Because he loves wearing ordinary clothes.
D. Because he always poses for high society.
A
2. What made Cunningham so great a photographer ( )
A. Expensive technologically-advanced equipment.
B. A wide range of contacts and connections.
C. Fashionable parties and events.
D. The inspiration in simple everyday scenes.
D
3. What can we see usually from his photos ( )
A. His approach to life.
B. His devotion and hard work.
C. His apartment and daily food.
D. The benefits offered to him.
B
4. What is Cunningham’s attitude to money ( )
A. The most expensive thing. B. The most important thing.
C. The cheapest thing. D. The most valuable thing.
C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1. Through his fascination with ①____________________________________②__________________________________________________________________③_______________ belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
【分析】 第二个逗号前的部分含有介词短语作状语，其中介词with后面是_______和 ______ 引导的两个并列的宾语从句。as he saw it为_______ 状语从句。
what people were wearing, and not
the doors of fashion to everyone-fashion
as he saw it
what
who
方式
who they were，he opened
【译文】 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
他通过自己迷恋人们穿着什么，而不是这些人是谁，向所有人打开了时尚的大门——在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
more than a fashion photographer
2. His hard work made him ①___________________________________—he was a “cultural anthropologist”, ②_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
【分析】 “—”前画线部分是名词短语作宾语补足语。“—”后是主从复合句，其中 ______引导定语从句修饰先行词 anthropologist。
【译文】 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century
who
他的辛勤工作使他不仅仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. Who was Bill Cunningham
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Bill Cunningham was one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.
2. What made Cunningham so great
______________________________________________
He opened the doors of fashion to everyone.
3. What did he think of fashion
________________________________________________________________________________________
Fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
4. How did Cunningham treat his work
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
5. What was Cunningham’s life like
____________________________________________________
Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated.
6. What was special about Cunningham
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer-he was a “cultural anthropologist”, who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
将上述句子转换句式（不能使用课文原句）。
1. 使用定语从句改写第一、二句。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bill Cunningham, who was one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years, brought fashion to ordinary people.
2. 将第三句中状语从句改为介词短语。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
In his opinion fashion belonged to high society and big brands as well as the ordinary people.
3. 使用表语从句和非谓语动词改写第四句。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What made Cunningham great was that he was dedicated to photography, putting most of his life time into his work.
4. 使用live a…life改写第五句。
__________________________________
Cunningham lived a simple life.
5. 使用强调句改写第六句。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We can thank the great person for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. It was his hard work that made him a fashion photographer and a cultural anthropologist.
Step 3 Summary Writing
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bill Cunningham, who was one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years, brought fashion to ordinary people. Because in his opinion fashion belonged to high society and big brands as well as the ordinary people.
What made Cunningham great was that he was dedicated to photography, putting most of his life time into his work. Meanwhile, he lived a simple life. We can thank the great person
for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. It was his hard work that made him a fashion photographer and a cultural anthropologist.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. pose v.（使）摆好姿势；招摇；炫耀
And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man. （教材P14）然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一位成员都只想给这个人摆姿势。
典例翻译
① The model was posing for the photographer carefully.
___________________________________________
这位模特儿正认真地为这位摄影师摆着姿势。
② The thief posed as a chimney sweeper to enter the house.
_________________________________
小偷冒充烟囱清扫工人进了房子。
③ I saw him out posing in his new sports car.
_____________________________________
我看见他开着他的崭新跑车招摇过市。
④ The task poses no special threat.
_______________________________
这项任务不会造成特别的威胁。
归纳拓展
为……摆好姿势___________
冒充；假扮__________
pose a question 提出一个问题
构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险 ______________________________________
pose for
pose as
pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk
学以致用
（1） 赏句猜义
① The delegates posed for a group photograph. ___________
摆好姿势
② The thief entered the building posing as a workman. _______
冒充
③ The document poses a common problems. _______________________
造成（威胁、问题等）
（2） 单句写作
④ 你已经提出了一个难题。
_______________________________________
You have posed a difficult question.
2. fascination n.着迷, 迷恋
Through his fascination with what people were wearing and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone-fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands. （教材P15）他通过自己迷恋人们穿着什么，而不是这些人是谁，向所有人打开了时尚的大门——在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
典例翻译
① The students were fascinated by his story.
_______________________________
学生们都对他的故事极感兴趣。
② Old castles have a certain strange fascination for me.
___________________________________
旧城堡对我具有某种奇特的吸引力。
③ It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.
_______________________________________________
这是一个从他是一个小男孩时就使他着迷的问题。
④ The girls listened in fascination.
_____________________
女孩们入迷地听着。
归纳拓展
对某人有吸引力；使某人着迷 __________________________________
入迷地 in fascination
使某人着迷；深深吸引某人 fascinate sb.
fascinated adj. 极感兴趣的；入迷的
对……极感兴趣 ___________________
be fascinated to do sth. 痴迷于做某事
hold/have a fascination for sb.
be fascinated by
学以致用
单句填空
① The children __________________ （fascinate）by the toys in the shop window.
were fascinated
② People were________________ （fascinate）know the private lives of movie stars.
fascinated to
③ He holds a ______________（fascinate）for submarines.
fascination
④ The children watched, _____________（fascinate）, as the picture began to appear.
fascinated
3. uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated. （教材P15）虽然坎宁安是世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式并不复杂。
典例翻译
① This uncomplicated life is really worth praising.
_______________________________
这种简单的生活确实值得称赞。
② You are good at solving problems in a practical, uncomplicated manner.
_______________________________________
你擅长以实际而不复杂的方式解决问题。
③ He is an easygoing, uncomplicated young man.
_______________________________
他是一个随和、率真的男青年。
④ The environment is a complicated system, so we should show respect for nature.
_____________________________________________
环境是复杂的系统，所以我们应该尊重大自然。
归纳拓展
一个单纯的人_______________________
一种简朴的生活 ________________________
complicated adj.复杂的，结构复杂的
一个复杂的系统_______________________
一项复杂的任务 _____________________
an uncomplicated man
an uncomplicated life
a complicated system
a complicated task
学以致用
单句写作
① 尝试着使你的生活保持简单不复杂。
__________________________________________________
Try keeping your life simple and uncomplicated.
② 这小说就你的年龄来说太复杂了。
_____________________________________________
The novel is too complicated for your age.
③ 我为什么不能过一种简朴的生活？
___________________________________________
Why can’t I have an uncomplicated life
4. nothing more than 仅仅，只不过
And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man. （教材 P14）然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一位成员都只想为这个人摆姿势。
典例翻译
① Lucille’s home was very grandly called a chateau, though in truth it was nothing more than a large farm.
_________________________________________________________________
露西尔的家美其名曰称为城堡，尽管实际上跟一个大农场没什么区别。
② Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colors.
_______________________________________________________
一些人可能认为花园只是植物，花朵，图案和大量的颜色。
④ Jack is not more diligent than John.
_____________________
杰克不如约翰勤奋。
③ He is more kind than wise.
_______________________________
与其说他聪明，不如说他善良。
归纳拓展
more than（+数词）多于，超过；（+名词）不仅仅；（+形容词）非常，很
仅仅，不过_______________
和……一样不…… __________________
不超过；至多；不比……更…… _____________________
与其……倒不如…… _______________ （强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征的对比，more和than后接形容词、副词的原级，名词或介词短语等）
no more than
no more…than…
not more（…）than
more…than…
除了（相当于but或except）_____________
rather than 而不是
other than 除了
注意
more than和more…than…与can/could连用时有否定意义，意为“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”。
other than
学以致用
（1） 完成句子
① 杰克和约翰都不勤奋。
Jack is ________________________ John.
no more diligent than
② 你是否付出艰苦努力以取得成功，而不是只在做白日梦？
Do you work hard for success ______________ daydream about it
rather than
③ 这张表格只能由你本人签字。
The form cannot be signed by anyone ______________________.
other than yourself
（2） 单句写作
④ [2020新高考Ⅰ] 然而，他的访问最终涉及的远不止这些。
_______________________________________________________________
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that.
1. 否定词nor/neither位于句首引起部分倒装
Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections. （教材P14）也不是通过广泛的接触和联系。
典例翻译
① She couldn’t work out the problem and nor/neither could I.
_________________________________
她解决不了这个问题，我也不能。
② He never went again; nor did he write to apologize.
_______________________________
他再也没去，也没有写信道歉。
③ I don’t know about his secrets and nor do I want to.
___________________________________
我不知道他的秘密，我也不想知道。
④ —She speaks French very well.—So she does.
___________________________________________
——她法语说得很好。——她说得确实很好。
归纳拓展
（1）句中否定词nor位于句首引起部分倒装。形式为：“ ______+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+动词+其他”。表示前面的否定情况也适用于另一人或物，可用__________ 替换nor。
（2）若表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物，要用“so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”，表示“……也是这样，也是如此”。
（3）当前句中既有肯定的情况也有否定的情况，两种不同的情况也适用于另一人或物时，或者当前句中有两种不同的谓语动词，两种谓语动词也适用于另一人或物时，则用以下句式：________ the same with sb./sth. 或 ___________ with sb./sth.。
nor
neither
It is
So it is
误区警示
如果后一句只是单纯地重复前一句的意思，此时主谓不倒装，结构为“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He likes swimming and_____ do I.
so
② Tom isn’t good at maths; ______________am I.
neither/nor
（2） 完成句子
③ 汤姆聪明且努力学习，玛丽也一样。
Tom is very clever and studies very hard. ______________________________________________ .
It is the same with Mary/So it is with Mary
2. 强调句型
…it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential. （教材P15）……坎宁安是在它们的真实中看到了美和潜力。
典例翻译
① In a word, it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.
_______________________________________
总之，礼貌用语会使你的生活变得方便。
② It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution.
_____________________________________________________________
直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。
③ It was with Helen’s strong will and intelligence, combined with her teacher’s skill and patience that they overcame all the difficulties.
_______________________________________________________________________________
由于海伦坚强的意志和智慧，再加上她的老师的技巧和耐心，他们克服了所有的困难。
④ Where is it that you can watch English movies to learn the correct English pronunciation and expressions？
___________________________________________________________
是在哪儿你可以通过看英语电影来学习正确的英语发音和表达？
归纳拓展
（1）强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+ ___________+其他部分（若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that）。另外要注意：强调句型不能用来强调谓语动词，对谓语动词的强调一般是在动词前加do, does, did。
（2）强调句的一般疑问句结构为：____________ +被强调部分+that/who…
（3）强调句的特殊疑问句结构为： 特殊疑问词 +is/was it+that…
（4）对not…until…结构中的时间状语（从句）进行强调时的结构为：It is/was____________+被强调部分+that+其他部分。
that/who
Is/Was it
not until
学以致用
（1） 句型转换
按要求用强调句型强调句中的各个部分。
I met him in the countryside last year.
① （强调主语）
__________________________________________________________
It was I that/who met him in the countryside last year.
② （强调宾语）
__________________________________________________________
It was him that/who I met in the countryside last year.
③ （强调地点状语）
______________________________________________________
It was in the countryside that I met him last year.
④ （强调时间状语）
______________________________________________________
It was last year that I met him in the countryside.
（2） 单句写作
⑤ [2019江苏卷] 是为了中国文化英国朋友才来这里。
_____________________________________________________________________
It’s the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for.
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. Parents need to encourage kids to develop their____________（潜力） without putting too much pressure.
potential
2. Throughout the history of __________ （时尚）, when any new trend appears, most people tend to hate it.
fashion
3. The newly opened________（杂货店） gives you a variety of goods.
grocery
fascination
4. The______________（魅力）of the game lies in trying to guess what your opponent is thinking.
5. I’m more than delighted to know that you’re quite interested in ancient Chinese ______________（名人）.
celebrities
6. The book is an absolute must-read if you would like an ________________ （简单的） method of improving your life.
uncomplicated
wealthy
7. Traveling abroad was limited to rich tourists and __________ （富有的）business people decades ago.
faraway
8. To make his dream come true, he goes to a __________（遥远的） temple to learn kung fu from a master.
anthropologist
9. A data manager and medical _________________（人类学家）will also be arriving over the weekend.
craft
10. The traditional ________（手艺） has been passed down from generation to generation.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
take pictures; focus on; rather than; more than; by trial and error; pose for; regardless of
1. China Daily enjoys great popularity for it is ____________ a newspaper. It can help improve our English as well.
more than
2. As is known to all, the law requires equal treatment for all, ________________race, religion, or gender.
regardless of
3. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style ______________in a personal style.
rather than
focused on
4. With all your energies _____________the study of French, you will master the language.
take pictures
5. Not only can you ________________ with your phone, but you can use it to send e-mails and listen to music.
posed for
6. The delegates ____________a group photograph. All the participants were happy and excited.
by trial and error
7. Children learn to use computer programs_____________________.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was1.__________________________
（complicate）. He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom. A simple restaurant was2.__________________ he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
Cunningham never accepted the benefits3.____________________
（offer）to him for being a fashion photographer. He valued his
uncomplicated
where
offered
integrity and would not 4.______________________ （buy）by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun. “Money’s 5.________________ cheapest thing,” he once said, then added:“… 6._____________
（free）is the most expensive.” This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft, 7._____________________ （enable）him to capture New York’s unique street style.
the
freedom
enabling
be bought
Cunningham’s passion 8._________ photography lasted throughout his life. He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness. Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted. His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer-he was a “cultural anthropologist”, 9.______________ we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and 10._________ （it）people over half a century. Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star-and this was how he wanted it.
who/whom
its
for
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1. My Chinese teacher knew my fascination ___________ reading and made sure I had great books to read.
with/for
2. Some students don’t like______________（fashion）uniforms because they don’t want to spend so much money on them.
fashionable
fascinated
4. Although he is _____________ （fascinate）by online games, he manages to keep himself from being addicted to them.
5. He is so intelligent that he can always find a good approach to __________ （solve）the problems.
solving
3. Professor Smith, for whom work matters most, is__________
（devote）to his research work.
devoted
Ⅱ. 同义替换
comprise, a wide range of, nothing more than, pass away, dominate
1. She looked in the direction of the window, but there was only the deep darkness.____________________
nothing more than
2. The restaurant has become popular for a variety of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. __________________
a wide range of
3. Older people make up a large proportion of those living in poverty. ___________
comprise
4. Arsenal played much better than their opponent the first half of the match. ____________
dominated
5. When the news of Louis Cha’s death was reported, many fans on social media expressed their sadness over his death. _______________
passing away
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. 这次活动的目的是让学生接触广泛的英语阅读材料。（a wide range of）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The activity is intended to/designed to expose students to a wide range of English reading materials.
2. 他们不顾我的危险警告，决心进入黑暗的洞穴。（regardless of）
____________________________________________________________________________________
They are determined to go into the dark cave, regardless of my warning of danger.
3. 这个公园不仅仅是一个放松和娱乐的地方。你也可以在那里快乐地学习中国书法。（more than）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The park is more than a place for relaxation and amusement. You can also have fun learning Chinese calligraphy there.
4. 随着春天的来临，花园里的花儿开始焕发生机。 （approach）
____________________________________________________________________________
With spring approaching, the flowers in the garden begin to come to life.
5. 那位老教师因献身于教育事业而受到钦佩。（devotion）
_________________________________________________________________________
The old teacher was admired for his devotion to the educational cause.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2021云南昆明官渡区第一中学月考] Having experienced a shocking electrical accident, which caused him to become both blind and deaf, James Franco’s world became completely dark and quiet for almost ten years. The loss of sight and hearing threw him into such sorrow that he tried a few times to put an end to his life. His family, especially his wife, did their best to tend and comfort him and finally he regained the will to live.
One hot summer afternoon, he was taking a walk with a stick near his house when a thunderstorm started all at once. He stood under a large tree to avoid getting wet, but he was struck by lightning. Witnesses thought he was dead but he woke up 20 minutes later, lying face down in muddy water. He was trembling badly, but when he opened his eyes, he could hardly believe what he saw: a tree and muddy road. When Mrs. Franco came running up to him, shouting to their neighbors to call for help, he could see her and hear her voice for the first time in nearly ten years.
The news of James regaining his sight and hearing quickly spread and many doctors came to examine him. Most of them said that he regained his sight and hearing from the shock he got from the lightning. However, none of them could give a compellent answer as to why this should happen. The only reasonable explanation given by one doctor was that, since James lost his sight and hearing as a result of a sudden shock, perhaps, the only way for him to regain them was another sudden shock.
1. The reason why James attempted to kill himself was that____.
A. a terrible electrical accident happened to him
B. nobody in the whole world cared about him
C. he was struck by the lightning once more
D. he had to live in a dark and silent world
D
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述James Franco因为受到电击，失明失聪，生活在黑暗寂静的世界里，他多次想要自杀，但在家人的劝阻下，获得重新生活下去的勇气。有一次他在树下躲雨的时候，意外被闪电击中，却恢复了视力和听力，但医生也不能确定具体原因。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的The loss of sight and hearing…end to his life. 可知，失去视力和听力使他非常悲伤，他曾几次试图结束自己的生命。故选D。
2. What was James doing when he was struck by the lightning ( )
A. Sheltering from the rain under a tree.
B. Putting an end to his life.
C. Taking a walk with a stick.
D. Lying on the ground.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的He stood…by the lightning. 可知，他站在一棵大树下以便避雨，但被闪电击中了。故选A。
3. What does the underlined word “compellent” in Paragraph 3 mean ( )
A. Gradual. B. Wrong. C. Convincing. D. True.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中的The only reasonable…was another sudden shock. 可知，一位医生给出的唯一合理的解释是，由于詹姆斯的视力和听力是由于一次突然的电击而丧失的，也许，他恢复视力和听力的唯一方法是另一次突然的电击。所以前面提到的是没有人给出令人信服的答案。故选C。
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text ( )
A. A Terrible Electrical Accident
B. What a Sudden Shock
C. An Unforgettable Adventure
D. James Franco and His Wife
B
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章讲述James Franco因为受到电击，失明失聪，生活在黑暗寂静的世界里，他几次都想自杀，但有一次他在树下躲雨的时候，意外被闪电击中，却恢复了视力和听力。所以整篇短文都是围绕他的两次被电击讲述的。故选B。
Ⅱ. 七选五
[2019湖北宜昌部分师范高中协作体联考]
Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returned with her family to England.
Florence often helped her mother deliver（递送） food to the poor and sick. 1.______Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.
But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine.
E
Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. 2._______
In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari （now sküdar in Istanbul） and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere. 3._______ Many soldiers died before receiving help.
The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t
B
G
like the idea of women in army hospitals-until one day 500 unexpected casualties（伤亡者） arrived. 4.______Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were dressed. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions（捐款）. Then she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.
F
After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.5.______All of this was because of the “lady with her lamp”.
A.Nursing became an honored profession.
B.There was no running water and no heat.
C.She knew she had much to learn about nursing.
D.Florence saw the soldiers’ health had improved.
E.As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.
F.They soon realized that Florence knew what she was doing.
G.Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.
A
E
1. ____
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文为一篇记叙文，叙述了Florence Nightingale经过多年的努力，使得护理成了一个令人尊敬的职业。
【解题思路】根据空后的“Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.”可知，她的家人感到震惊，因为护理不是一个受人尊敬的职业。该空引出下文，选项E“随着她长大，她决定当一名护士”切题。故选E。
2. ____
G
[解析] 【解题思路】根据上句“Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. ”可知，后来，她去了法国、德国和爱尔兰的医院，尽她所能地学习。该空承接上文，选项G“刚一回到家乡，她就是医院管理方面的专家了”切题。故选G。
3. ____
B
[解析] 【解题思路】根据上文内容可知，医院的地上到处躺着人，老鼠到处跑，此处描述医院条件艰苦，选项B“没有自来水，也没有暖气”符合语境。故选B。
4. ____
F
[解析] 【解题思路】根据上句“The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals-until one day 500 unexpected casualties（伤亡者） arrived.”并结合下句“Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were dressed.”可知，该空承上启下，他们很快意识到Florence知道她在做什么。
故选F。
5. ____
A
[解析] 【解题思路】根据上段末句“Then she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.”以及本段中的“After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.”可知Florence Nightingale经过多年的努力，使得护理成了一个令人尊敬的职业。故选A。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
[2020湖北武汉高二期末]
Two Candles
Tom was a middle-aged leather trader whose repeated failure in his career made him a depressed man, often 1 that he had been cheated by others. One day he told his wife he was so 2 with the city that he had to leave.
So his family moved to another city. It was the evening of a weekend. When Tom and his wife were busily 3 up their new
home, the light suddenly went out. They had to stop work. Tom was regretful to have forgotten to bring along candles and had to wait 4 in a low mood. Just then he heard slight knocks on his door that sounded clear in the 5 night.
“Who’s it ” he wondered, since Tom was a 6 to this city. And this was the moment he especially hated to be disturbed, so he went to the door and opened it 7 . At the door was a little girl, shyly asking, “Sir, do you have candles I’m your
neighbor.”“No,”answered Tom in anger and shut the door 8 . “What a nuisance（讨厌鬼）!”he complained over it with his wife. “No sooner had we settled down than the neighbor came to 9 things.”
After a while, the door was knocked again. He opened it and found the same girl outside. 10 this time she was 11 two candles, saying, “My grandma told me the new neighbor downstairs might need candles. She sent me here to give you these.”
Tom was very 12 by what he saw. When he became fully aware, he said, “Thank you and your grandmother. God bless you!”
At that moment he suddenly realized what caused his 13 in life. It was his 14 and harshness （刻薄） with other people. The person who had cheated him in life was actually nobody else but himself, for his life had been darkened by his unsympathetic 15 .
1. ( )A. hoping B. telling C. complaining D. pretending
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过一个“两根蜡烛”的小故事告诉我们：对待这个社会要热情积极，不要冷漠刻薄地看待事物。
【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文第8空后的he complained over it with his wife可知此处是“抱怨”的情绪。故选C。
2. ( )A. inspired B. disappointed
C. embarrassed D. impressed
B
[解析] 【解题思路】考查形容词。句意：有一天，他告诉他的妻子，他对这个城市太失望了以至于自己不得不离开。上文说汤姆成为一个意志消沉的人，故他对这个城市失望。故选B。
3. ( )A. building B. turning
C. coming D. tidying
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词（短语）。根据上文内容可知，他和家人搬到了另一个城市，他和妻子应该正忙着收拾他们的新家。故选D。
4. ( )A. anxiously B. doubtfully
C. hopefully D. helplessly
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查副词。根据上下文内容可知，电灯熄灭了，家里又没有蜡烛，所以汤姆只能怀着低落的心情无助地等待。故选D。
5. ( )A. dark B. quiet C. cold D. sleepless
B
[解析] 【解题思路】考查形容词。根据下文内容可知，此处是邻居敲门送蜡烛，那敲门声在安静的晚上特别清楚。故选B。
6. ( )A. newcomer B. traveler
C. guest D. settler
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查名词。根据上文内容可知，他们一家刚来到这个城市，自然是新来的人。故选A。
7. ( )A. surprisedly B. delightedly
C. impatiently D. willingly
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查副词。根据上下文内容可知，他不耐烦地打开门。故选C。
8. ( )A. gently B. kindly C. politely D. violently
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查副词。根据下文“What a nuisance （讨厌鬼）！”可知，他猛地关上门。故选D。
9. ( )A. lend B. sell C. fetch D. borrow
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文内容可知，汤姆之所以抱怨，一定是他以为小女孩来借蜡烛。故选D。
10. ( )A. And B. So C. But D. For
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查连词。句意：但是这次她拿着两支蜡烛，说：“我的奶奶告诉我楼下的新邻居可能需要蜡烛。她让我来给你们这些。”此处与前面是转折关系。故选C。
11. ( )A. holding B. hiding
C. blowing D. lighting
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。句意同上。根据下文“My grandma told me…candles.”可知，小女孩手里拿着两根蜡烛。故选A。
12. ( )A. frightened B. pleased
C. puzzled D. surprised
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查形容词。句意：汤姆对他所看到的感到非常惊讶。据上下文语境可知，这种情况出乎他的意料，所以他应该是很惊讶。故选D。
13. ( )A. failure B. dissatisfaction
C. complaint D. determination
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查名词。根据第一段第一句中的repeated failure可判断，他突然意识到是什么造成了他生活中的失败。故选A。
14. ( )A. responsibility B. apology
C. coldness D. concept
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查名词。根据上文汤姆开始对小女孩的态度可判断，他确实是个冷漠与刻薄之人。故选C。
15. ( )A. mind B. opinion C. behavior D. look
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查名词。根据全文内容可知，在生活中欺骗他的人其实不是别人，而是他自己，因为他的生活已经被他无情的心灵所蒙蔽。故选A。(共85张PPT)
Unit 2 A life's work
Section Ⅱ Using language
（表语从句）
1. （教材P17）This is what makes them so special.
2. （教材P17）A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
3. （教材P17）The fact was that at the age of eight, he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.
4. （教材P15）This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.
5. （教材P17）The question was when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.
6. （教材P17）What impressed us was how this contributed to the development of Peking Opera.
观察上面句子，并分别写出加黑部分对应的句子结构：
1.___________________
2.____________________
3.___________________
what引导表语从句
where引导表语从句
that引导表语从句
4.___________________
5.___________________
6.__________________
how引导表语从句
what引导表语从句
when引导表语从句
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样, 表语从句位于连系动词后, 有时用as if引导。
基本结构为：主语+系动词+引导词+从句。
引导表语从句的词分为连接代词和连接副词。
1. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。
2. 连接副词where, when, how, why在表语从句中充当状语。
3. 主语为it, as if/as though（好像）引导的表语从句常跟在be动词, seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后。
如：This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
引导词 所作成分 例句
that 不作任何 成分 The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination.
世界的悲剧就在于有想象力的人缺乏经验, 而有经验的人缺乏想象力。
what/whatever 主语、宾语、表语 Experience is what you get when you don’t get what you want.
经验是当你没得到想得到之物时所得到的东西。
引导词 所作成分 例句
whether 不作任何 成分 My question is whether we can raise enough money.
我的问题是我们能否筹集到足够的资金。
when 时间状语 True knowledge is when one knows the limitations of one’s knowledge.
知之为知之, 不知为不知, 是知也。
Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.
幸福就是你的所想、所说和所做的和谐统一。
续表
引导词 所作成分 例句
where 地点状语 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies.
祸兮, 福之所依; 福兮, 祸之所伏。
how 方式状语 That was how he managed to solve the problem.
那就是他解决问题的方式。
why 原因状语 That is why he tried his best to get in touch with you.
那就是他想办法和你联系的原因。
续表
引导词 所作成分 例句
who/ whoever 主语 The question is who will offer to help.
问题是谁愿意主动提供帮助。
which 定语 What concerns parents most is which activity benefits the children most.
家长最关注的是哪种活动对孩子们最有益。
whose 定语 The issue is whose design is popular with most students.
问题是谁的设计受大多数学生的欢迎。
续表
引导词 所作成分 例句
because 不作任何成分 This is because he didn’t attend the class the other day.
这是因为他几天前没有上课。
as if/though 不作任何成分 When put half in the water, the chopstick looksas if it were broken. 放在水中一半时, 这根筷子看起来像是断了一样。
续表
注意：
注意点 例句
引导表语从句的that, 不作任何成分, 但不能省略 What excited me most was that we finished our work ahead of time.
最令我兴奋的是我们提前完成了工作。
表示“是否”时, 用whether不用if My question is whether they will satisfy our demands.
我的问题是他们能否满足我们的要求。
the reason作主语时, 表语从句用that引导, 即the reason is that… The reason why you didn’t pass the driving test was that you hadn’t practiced enough.
你没有拿到驾照的原因是没有进行足够的练习。
注意点 例句
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等 It seems that he didn’t agree with us.
他似乎不同意我们的看法。
表示命令、请求、建议的词作主语时, 表语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略 My suggestion is that they should make a plan before they start the project.
我的建议是在他们开始这个项目前要制订一个计划。
续表
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The trouble is _______ I can’t find my way.
that
2. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _____________ we are now.
where/what
3. This is _______ my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
what
4. By boat is the only way to get here, which is ______ we arrived.
how
why
5. He got caught in the heavy traffic. That was ______ he was late.
what
6. Energy is _______ makes things work.
because
7. We didn’t set out; it was __________ we wanted to wait until our mother came back.
that
8. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _______ one can be entirely free from dust.
It
9. _____ sounds as if/though someone is knocking at the door.
that
10. What cost him his life was _______ he was too careless.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
A
[2020四川乐山高二期中]
Kobe Bryant 1._____________ (kill) in a helicopter crash on Sunday in California, along with his 13-year-old daughter Gianna and seven other people. It is known that the helicopter2.___________ (carry) Kobe and the others crashed into a hilly area in 3.________ (fog) conditions, and the cause of the crash is still 4.________ investigation. Kobe was 5._________
was killed
carrying
foggy
under
widely
(wide) considered one of the greatest basketball players of his generation during his 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers. After the tragic accident, many 6.______________ (celebrity) showed their great grief over the 7._______ (lose) of the great basketball player. An officer of NBA Commission said, “Kobe is remembered most for 8.____________ (inspire) people around the world to pick up a basketball and he will always be.” One of the greatest basketball players of all time-Michael Jordan said Kobe
celebrities
loss
inspiring
was a chosen one and he would miss those conversations with him very much. Thousands of people gathered to remember the star outside the Staples Center in Los Angeles, 9.________ the Los Angeles Lakers played their home games. From then on, the city would not be 10._______ it used to be due to the death of the great basketball star.
where
what
B
[2020江苏淮安高二期中]
Online shopping addiction is an illness
The Internet has brought with 1._______ the convenience of shopping at our leisure（闲暇） in the comfort of our own home. However, for many, the appeal of shopping 2._______ bargains （物美价廉的商品） and treats can turn into an addiction. Experts believe there is a danger that online shopping can develop into a mental illness. 3.________________(research) from the Hannover
it
for
Researchers
Medical School in Germany have termed it “Buying Shopping Disorder” (BSD). They say this condition should 4.__________________(recognize) by the medical profession as an illness and should not 5.___________(simple) be classed as one of the various “impulse control” disorders. Psychotherapist Dr. Astrid Miller said, “It really is time 6.__________________(accumulate) further knowledge about BSD on the Internet.”
be recognized
simply
to accumulate
Dr. Miller and her colleagues 7._____________(conduct) research on data from earlier studies on compulsive shopping. Their research focused on 122 patients 8._____________sought treatment for BSD. Dr. Miller reported that about five percent of the population may be suffering from BSD. She added younger people are 9.________________(likely) to develop it and that they experience greater levels of anxiety and depression. People with BSD readily exhibit negative behaviors. These include buying expensive things
who/that
more likely
conducted
they don’t need, keeping and never 10._________(use) things they order, buying things for instant satisfaction, and ending up in debt. BSD can destroy marriages, relationships and mental health.
using
it
1. _____
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网购成瘾是一种疾病。随着网络的发展, 人们喜欢在网上购买物美价廉的东西。但一些人网购成瘾, 常常在网上购买一些过于昂贵和用处不大的东西, 来获得一时的满足。
考查形式宾语。句意：互联网给我们带来了在我们自己家里舒适休闲购物的便利。介词with后接宾语, 宾语是the convenience of shopping at our leisure（闲暇）in the comfort of our own home, 因为宾语过长, 此处用形式宾语it代替。故填it。
2. ______
for
[解析] 考查介词。句意：然而, 对许多人来说, 为了购买便宜货和美食的吸引力会变成一种瘾。由句意可知, 此处指“为了买便宜货”, 表对象用介词for。故填for。
3. ______________
Researchers
[解析] 考查名词的数。此处用名词作主语, 意为“研究者”, 由谓语动词have termed可知, 谓语动词为复数形式, 主语也应是复数形式, 此处用名词复数形式, 首字母大写。故填Researchers。
4. ________________
be recognized
[解析] 考查动词语态。分析句子成分可知, 此处是宾语从句的谓语动词, 从句主语this condition和从句谓语recognize是被动关系, 用被动语态, 从句谓语为should be done形式。故填be recognized。
5. _________
simply
[解析] 考查副词。此处用副词simply(简单地)作状语修饰动词短语be classed as。故填simply。
6. ________________
to accumulate
[解析] 考查动词不定式。固定句型It is time to do sth. （是做某事的时候了）, 此处用动词不定式(to do)形式。故填to accumulate。
7. ____________
conducted
[解析] 考查时态。此处缺少谓语, 由下文的Their research focused on和Dr. Miller reported that…可知, 此研究发生在过去, 用一般过去时。故填conducted。
8. ___________
who/that
[解析] 考查定语从句关系词。此处是定语从句, 先行词是122 patients, 指人, 在从句中作主语, 用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
9. ______________
more likely
[解析] 考查比较级。由下文的greater可知, 此处用比较级, 表示“更可能”。故填more likely。
10. ________
using
[解析] 考查动名词。谓语include后用动名词(doing)作宾语, 此处用动名词形式与其他动名词短语(如 buying expensive things they don’t need)保持并列。故填using。
1. acclaim n. 表扬, 赞赏
He had been working in the United States, where his crack hand at jet propulsion had won him acclaim. （教材P19）
他一直在美国工作, 在那里, 他在喷气推进方面的精湛技艺为他赢得了赞誉。
典例翻译
① Her performance won her much critical acclaim.
___________________________
她的表演大获评论界赞颂。
② Critical acclaim from people who don’t know what they’re talking about is meaningless.
___________________________________________________
来自不懂自己在说什么的评论者们的赞扬是没意义的。
③ Andy Lau is a highly acclaimed performance artist.
_________________________________
刘德华是深获好评的表演艺术家。
④ He was acclaimed as America’s greatest filmmaker.
_____________________________________
他被赞誉为美国最伟大的电影制作人。
归纳拓展
受到广泛好评 ________________________________
来自……的好评 _______________
受到高度/广泛赞扬的演出 ________________________________________
国际上的/公众的/评论家的赞扬 _________________________________________
acclaim v. 给予高度评价; 称赞
被誉为 __________________
receive/gain/win wide acclaim
acclaim from
a highly/widely acclaimed performance
international/popular/critical acclaim
be acclaimed as
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He is not the only one who won acclaim _______ the professor.
from
② The work ________________ (acclaim)as a masterpiece.
was acclaimed
③ His paintings have been widely ____________ (acclaim).
acclaimed
（2） 完成句子
④ 这位裁判受到广泛好评。
The judge ______________________.
gained wide acclaim
⑤ 这部电影深得评论界和公众的赞扬。
The film met with ___________________________________________.
considerable critical and public acclaim
2. harsh adj. 恶劣的, 艰苦的, 严峻的
The 23 scientists and many more like them overcame harsh conditions and dedicated much of their lives to their work. （教材P19）
23位科学家和更多像他们一样的人克服了恶劣的条件, 把他们一生的大部分时间奉献给了自己的工作。
典例翻译
① The colour is very harsh.
_________________
那颜色很刺眼。
② The cloth is harsh to the touch.
_________________________
这块布料摸上去很粗糙。
③ The punishment was too harsh for him.
_____________________________
这种惩罚对他来说太严厉了。
④ He is too harsh with the children.
_____________________
他对孩子太严厉了。
归纳拓展
刺耳 ______________________
味涩 ________________________
摸上去粗糙 ________________________
对……严厉 ________________
be harsh to the ear
be harsh to the taste
be harsh to the touch
be harsh with
易混辨析
harsh, rough, rude
这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：
rough 强调言行是粗野的、不温和的。
rude 强调其源于受教育水平差、文化低、不尊重别人。
harsh 侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、刺激性强。
学以致用
完成句子
① 那噪声很刺耳。
The noise is ___________________.
harsh to the ear
② 许多粗野的男人都被其妻子教化。
___________________ has been civilized by his wife.
Many a rough man
③ 怀特先生对他如此无礼, 使我们都感到惊异。
All of us were astonished that Mr. White _____________________.
was so rude to him
④ 不要对小孩这样凶。
Don’t _________________ the child.
be so rough on
3. back down 放弃, 退让, 认输
Spending years apart from his family and enduring the extreme conditions of the Gobi desert, he refused to back down from his responsibilities and kept on conducting scientific research. （教材P19）
多年不与他的家人在一起, 忍受着戈壁沙漠的极端条件, 他拒绝放弃自己的责任, 继续进行科学研究。
典例翻译
① He forced his opponent to back down.
_______________________
他迫使他的对手让步。
② Don’t back off.
_______________
别打退堂鼓。
③ He likes sitting in the back of the classroom.
_________________________
他喜欢坐在教室的后面。
④ He backed up his arguments with facts.
___________________________
他以事实支持自己的论点。
归纳拓展
后退 ____________
后面是, 背靠着 ____________
支持; 为……作证 __________
打退堂鼓; 停止威胁 ___________
back n. 背, 背部; 后部, 背面
仰卧 _____________________
坐在后面 __________________
back away
back onto
back up
back off
lie on one’s back
sit in the back
学以致用
单句填空
① The policeman wouldn’t have believed me if you hadn’t backed me _____.
up
② Back ______! There’s no need to yell at me.
off
③ We chose this house because the garden backs _______ the tennis courts.
onto
④ The crowd backed _______ to let the wounded man pass through.
away
⑤ Do you lie _____ your back or your front
on
4. think outside the box 不拘一格地思考, 跳出框框思考
Together, they thought outside the box and broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb. （教材P19）
他们一起跳出思维定式, 开辟了新的领域, 促成了氢弹的突破。
典例翻译
① We think highly of their research in this field.
_______________________________________
我们对他们在这个领域的研究评价很高。
② Think over and you’ll find out that you are wrong.
_______________________________
仔细想想, 你就会发现你错了。
③ What do you think of the poems the teacher recommended to you
_____________________________________
你认为老师向你推荐的那些诗怎么样？
④ Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
_______________________________________
由于陷入沉思, 他几乎撞到面前的车子。
归纳拓展
记起, 想起; 考虑; 想象; 关心 ___________
考虑 ______________
仔细考虑; 重新考虑 _____________
高度评价, 钦佩 __________________
thought n. 思考; 考虑
认真考虑, 思考 __________________
一想到……（就） ____________________
陷入沉思 __________________
不假思索; 立即 ___________________________
think of
think about
think over
think highly of
give thought to
at the thought of
lost in thought
without a second thought
学以致用
完成句子
① 他们立即开除了他。
They fired him ___________________________.
without a second thought
② 在旅游时一定要注意保护环境并关心他人。
Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and ___________ others when/while traveling.
think of
③ 当一个志愿者生病时, 我接替了她的任务。那些美国学生都很钦佩我。
When a volunteer was ill, I took over the task from her. Those American students _________________________ me.
thought very highly of
过去完成进行时
He had been working in the United States, where his crack hand at jet propulsion had won him acclaim. （教材P19）
他一直在美国工作, 在那里, 他在喷气推进方面的精湛技艺为他赢得了赞誉。
典例翻译
① I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
_______________________________
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
② You had been giving me everything.
_______________________
你对我真是有求必应。
③ I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
_____________________________
我刚读了几分钟他就进来了。
④ I had been sleeping when my friend telephoned me.
_____________________________________
我正在睡觉时, 我的朋友给我打电话。
归纳拓展
（1）表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始, 一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样, 过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
（2）表示延续的动作或状态。
（3）常用于间接引语中。
（4）接具有“突然”之意的when从句。
学以致用
单句填空
① They had only been __________ (wait) for the bus a few moments when it came.
waiting
② Recently I found he ______________________ (mention) your name to me all the time.
had been mentioning
③ The doctor asked what he __________________ (eat) in the past 3 weeks.
had been eating
had been staying
④ I asked where they ___________________ (stay) all those days.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. By the time I was in my 20s, I was building a _____________ (success) career in advertising.
successful
2. Lottery winners’ windfalls are found in multiple _____________ (science) studies not to affect overall senses of well-being.
scientific
3. In our hearts we Chinese will always cherish him as a __________ (found) of our Party and our state.
founder
performer
4. The ____________ (perform) seemed quite at home anywhere between a horse’s head and its tail.
5. As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and _____________ (dedicate) from his employees.
dedication
6. Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of ______________ (achieve).
achievement
10. It is ____________ (desire) that we should provide food for the poor at Christmas.
7. We want to highlight the academic achievement because I hope this is just the first of many academic _______________ (celebrate).
celebrations
8. None of them could have imagined the very needle and thread they use to make ______________ (tradition) Miao clothing could be their way out.
traditional
9. The written application shall clearly state the facts and time of the ________________ (disappear) and the requests.
disappearance
desirable
Ⅱ. 语境选词
on a daily basis, a flock of, be crucial to, back down, be born into,
contribute to, break new ground, be experienced in
1. He ________________ a family with three brothers and valued the sense of sharing.
was born into
2. A team of experts who _____________________ the investigation of outbreaks have been sent to the disaster areas.
are experienced in
3. The members in the club are required to meet ___________________, discussing every possible problem in detail.
on a daily basis
is crucial to
4. Winning the game ________________ the team, for the result will decide whether it will defend its championship.
a flock of
5. In the distance, _____________ sheep are ranging on the grassland.
6. Those who have made contributions to science are the ones who have worked the hardest and have not been afraid to ___________________.
break new ground
has contributed to
7. Your suggestion _____________________ the accomplishment of our work.
to back down
8. He determined not _______________; after all, there were so many people in support of him.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。
The problem is __________________ a pay rise.
when we can get
2. 他的建议是, 我们应该保持冷静。
His suggestion is ___________________________.
that we should stay calm
3. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。
The scissors are not ______________.
what I need
4. 那就是我来的原因。
That is _____________.
why I came
5. 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。
The problem is _________________ the things we need.
how we can get
6. 问题是, 明天谁将与我去北京。
The question is ______________ with me to Beijing tomorrow.
who will go
7. 那就是我想要对你讲的。
That is ______________________ you.
what I want to tell
8. 这是我15岁时发生的事。
That was _____________________.
when I was fifteen
9. 又不是你永远离开。
It isn’t ____________________________ for ever.
as if you were going away
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2021福建莆田一中期末]
A rainy day can be a chance to recharge. While you relaxed on the sofa with a movie, the raindrops falling on your windows might one day provide the power for your TV. This is the idea behind an invention that harvests energy from water.
The technology is based on the triboelectric （摩擦电的）effect. An engineer at the University of Hawaii, David Ma knew
that it’s possible to generate electricity by rubbing two things together. So, he thought, “Why don’t we use water ”
A drop of water sliding across a surface coated with two different materials would generate enough friction to create an electrical charge. By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved, it should be possible to harvest electricity, he reasoned.
It worked. In fact, the researchers lit up 15 LED bulbs with a single moving water drop.
This is not the first time that scientists have got electricity from water-generated friction（摩擦）. Earlier experiments, though, harvested the charge produced in a surface by a sliding drop of water. There, the surface had acted as an electrode
（电极）. This is different. The energy of friction is being harvested from the water itself.
“It turns out,” Ma says, “the charge in the water dropis way more than the charge produced in the other electrode.” In fact, his team’s model generated almost 100 times more power than
previous experiments from a single drop of water.
“The technology could someday power phones, sensors or other small electronics,” says Christopher Oshman, an engineer at the Colorado School of Mines. “This work is a step toward harvesting the energy of moving objects all around us, including ourselves, to power the electronic appliances we use every day,” he says.
Ma has shown that the technology can work in a lab, Oshman says. Next, the Colorado researcher would like to see it tried on a larger scale, such as on an umbrella.
1. How did the author introduce the topic of the text ( )
A. By telling a story. B. By raising a question.
C. By giving an example. D. By imagining a situation.
D
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了夏威夷大学的工程师David Ma认为摩擦两件东西来发电是可能的。因此水滴也可以通过滑动产生电。事实上, 研究人员用一颗移动的水滴点亮了15个LED灯泡。这项技术有一天可以为手机、传感器或其他小型电子产品提供动力, 进行大规模的应用。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段A rainy day can be…energy from water. 可知, 雨天可能是一个充电的机会。当你在沙发上看电影放松时, 落在窗户上的雨滴也许有一天会为你的电视提供能量。这就是一项从水中获取能量的发明背后的理念。由此可知, 作者通过想象一个情景, 引出文章的主题, 故选D项。
2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
( )
A. The wire. B. The drop of water.
C. The surface. D. The electricity.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】代词指代题。【解题思路】上文By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved说通过放置金属丝, 水滴在移动时接触到金属丝。由此可知, 下文it should be possible to harvest electricity的意思是水滴应该可以获得电力。it指的是水滴, 故选B项。
3. What is unique about Ma’s technique compared with earlier experiments ( )
A. The water itself acts as an electrode.
B. It is based on the triboelectric effect.
C. It produces electricity from water-made friction.
D. It uses a surface coated with two different materials.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】倒数第四段中提到Earlier experiments, though…from the water itself., 由此可知, 与早期的实验相比, Ma的技术的独特之处在于水本身起着电极的作用, 摩擦的能量可以从水本身获取。故选A项。
4. What does Oshman say about Ma’s technology ( )
A. It has a promising future.
B. It will do well on an umbrella.
C. It works well in the real world.
D. It will replace batteries someday.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】倒数第二段提到“The technology could someday…appliances we use every day,” he says., 由此推断出, Oshman认为Ma的技术有一个光明的未来。故选A项。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
A
Every culture has it’s own folklore. Folklore is a collection of tales and bits of 1.____________ (wise) that teach students how to behave and think. It includes legends, songs, art, tales, myths and proverbs. People pass on folklore from one generation to the next.
Folklore helps keep history alive. For example, legends are
wisdom
folktales that 2._______________ (base) on true stories. The plain truth about history is not always 3.______________ (excite). To keep listeners interested, a storyteller invents details. The tale becomes so interesting that people retell 4.________ many times. Then it becomes a legend.
Tall tales are folktales that mix the truth 5.__________ fiction, or events that did not really happen. People sometimes tell tall tales to fool people. 6.________ example of a tall
it
with
An
are based
exciting
tale is the story about Paul Bunyan, the giant lumberjack, or woodcutter. The tale says that Bunyan’s clothes were so large that his shirt buttons were wagon wheels. Tales about Bunyan took place at his lumber camp. The tales are fun 7._____________ (hear). They also show what life was like in a lumber camp.
Myths are folktales that describe the 8.______________ (create) of the world. They describe how the first human beings 9.__________ (come) into the world. Myths focus on gods or
to hear
creation
came
heavenly beings. The gods may be humans or animals in form. The first people to tell myths thought that the stories were true-and 10.________ did their listeners. Myths may teach about the beliefs and values of a group of people.
so
wisdom
1. _________
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了民间故事的定义, 并介绍了几种民间故事的历史。
考查名词。句意：民间故事是教导学生如何表现和思考的故事和智慧的集合。根据介词of可知, 设空处应用名词作宾语。故填wisdom。
2. ____________
are based
[解析] 考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：例如, 传说是基于真实故事的民间故事。be based on表示“以……为根据”; 此处定语从句的先行词folktales为复数, 从句中的谓语动词应用复数形式, 且句子陈述的是客观事实, 应使用一般现在时。故填are based。
3. ___________
exciting
[解析] 考查形容词。句意：历史的朴素真相并不总是令人兴奋的。结合句意可知, 设空处应填形容词, 表示“令人兴奋的”。故填exciting。
4. _____
it
[解析] 考查代词。句意：这个故事变得很有趣以至于人们复述了很多遍。设空处指代主语The tale, 应用人称代词it。故填it。
5. _______
with
[解析] 考查介词。句意：荒诞不经的故事是指混合了真实与虚构的民间故事, 或者是没有真正发生的事件。固定短语mix…with…表示“将……与……混合”。故填with。
6. _____
An
[解析] 考查冠词。句意：荒诞不经的故事的一个例子是关于巨人伐木工人Paul Bunyan的故事。此处example为可数名词单数, 泛指“一个例子”, 且以元音音素开头, 应使用an。位于句首, 首字母应大写。故填An。
7. __________
to hear
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些故事听起来很有趣。“be动词+形容词+to do”为固定结构。故填to hear。
8. ___________
creation
[解析] 考查名词。句意：神话描述的是创造世界的民间故事。定冠词the和介词of前应用名词。故填creation。
9. _______
came
[解析] 考查动词时态。句意：它们描述了第一批人类是如何来到这个世界的。
结合句意可知, 此处描述过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时。故填came。
10. _____
so
[解析] 考查倒装结构。句意：第一批讲神话的人认为这些故事是真实的——他们的听众也是如此。“so+助动词+主语”为倒装结构, 表示某人或某物的情况与前面所叙述的情况相同, 此处表示“听众也认为这些故事是真实的” 。故填so。
B
[2020江西高二月考]
Wild China is a six-part nature documentary series on the natural history of China, co-produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and CCTV and 1.____________ (film) in high-definition
（HD高清）.
For centuries, tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures 2.____________________ (tell) by travelers to China. Chinese civilization is the world’s oldest and today, it’s the
filmed
have been told
largest, with well over a billion people. It’s home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups and a wide range of traditional lifestyles, often in close 3._________________ (partner) to nature.
Let’s catch a brief glimpse of several great wonders of it.
Land of the Panda
Protected by the Great Wall in the North and fed by the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, China’s eastern heartland is the center of a flourishing civilization 4.________________ spans over 5,000
partnership
which/that
years. To outsiders, this is a mysterious land 5________________ (contain) splendid man-made structures and appealing tourist 6._________________ (attract) and it’s home to some of China’s 7.____________ (rare) and most charismatic （有超凡魅力的）creatures.
Tides of the Change
This is the area which shows the greatest contrast 8._____________ China’s past and it’s future. Today China’s
attractions
rarest
between
containing
eastern seaboard is home to 700 million people packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth. Yet 9.__________ remains hugely important is whether these crowded shores can be enjoyed 10.________________ (separate) by a wealth of wildlife A lot more out there for you to explore with your eyes open wide. It’s worth your while!
separately
what
filmed
1. _________
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一部有关中国自然历史的六集纪录片《美丽中国》。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知, 动词film“拍摄电影”在句子中不作谓语, 与其逻辑主语“Wild China”是被动关系。所以用动词过去分词作状语。故填filmed。
2. _________________
have been told
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。分析句子成分可知, 主语“tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures”与谓语tell是被动关系, 所以用被动语态; 此处表达的意思是“几个世纪以来, 奇妙的景色和令人惊奇的生物的传说一直被讲述”, 所以用现在完成时。故填have been told。
3. ______________
partnership
[解析] 考查名词。根据语境可知, 这里指与自然关系密切。close partnership表示“关系密切”。故填partnership。
4. _____________
which/that
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 从句是定语从句, 修饰先行词civilization, 且从句中缺主语。故填which/that。
5. _____________
containing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 动词contain不作谓语, 且与其逻辑主语land是主动关系。故填containing。
6. ______________
attractions
[解析] 考查名词。根据并列连词and连接的structures 提示, 空格处填名词复数形式。故填attractions。
7. _________
rarest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。 根据并列连词and连接的most charismatic提示, 空格处填形容词最高级。故填rarest。
8. __________
between
[解析] 考查介词。根据语境可知, 此处表达“介于……之间”且有and提示, 故填between。
9. _______
what
[解析] 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知, 从句是主语从句, 且从句中缺主语; 根据语境可知此处填what。故填what。
10. _____________
separately
[解析] 考查副词。分析句子成分可知, 此处是副词修饰表语从句的谓语动词的用法, 用副词。故填separately。(共123张PPT)
Unit 2 A life's work
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 Masters of time In the quiet courtyards of Xi San Suo, behind the high walls of the Forbidden City， time ticks at its own pace. If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft, who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques. 教材译文
时间的主人
在紫禁城高墙后面的西三所安静的庭院里，时间按着自己的节奏流逝着。要不是一部三集的纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
Among these is the clock restoration master, Wang Jin. Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace, Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum, although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him. Day in, day out,Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years. 这些人中就有钟表修复专家王津。
王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。日复一日，王先生和他的学生们把时间花在修复数百年前的钟表上。
续表
But for quite some time, he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces in the Palace Museum. Qing emperors were very fond of clocks. Therefore, in order to please them, foreign envoys presented these emperors with the most intricate and splendid timepieces. Today, the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world, mainly originating from Europe and China. 但在过去相当长的一段时间里，故宫博物院修理钟表的工匠只有他和他的学生亓昊楠。
清朝的皇帝们十分喜欢钟表。因此，外国使节们把最精致、最华丽的钟表送给这些皇帝来取悦他们。如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。
续表
With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials, this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year. But, through their painstaking efforts, Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks-they bring them back to life. 小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。考虑到工作的复杂性和必要材料的缺乏，这意味着每位专家一年最多只能修复两件大型钟表。但是，王先生和他的学生们通过艰苦的努力不只是修复了钟表——他们还让钟表恢复了生命。
续表
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin’s workshop is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks. To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world. Now， after eight months of endless adjustments, the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong. 在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂静的声音是在修理、抛光钟表时发出的报时的旋律。对王津来说，这是世界上最美的音乐。经过八个月无休止的调整，王先生现在终于进行到了给追溯到乾隆皇帝时代的巨型钟表上弦的时候。
续表
The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life: water flows, boats sail, dogs bark， chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin. It is a truly awe-inspiring moment. It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor. 那些已经静止了几个世纪的造型复杂的摆件瞬间复活了: 水流动着，船航行着，狗吠叫着，鸡拍动着翅膀，一个女人开始纺线。这真是一个令人惊叹的时刻。人们突然明白，当钟表专家们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
续表
But,despite the combined work of several generations of masters, it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete. Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored, there would still be work to do, because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago. This is a race against time that can never be won! Nonetheless, Mr Wang remains optimistic about the future of these timepieces. 但是，尽管经过了几代大师的共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。即使故宫博物院的每一件钟表都被修复了，仍然有工作要做，因为可能需要重新开始对很久以前修复的钟表进行修复。这是一场与时间的赛跑，却永远不可能赢！尽管如此，王先生对这些钟表的未来仍持乐观态度。
续表
Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, who will take on many of the future repairs. What’s more, inspired to follow in his father’s footsteps, Mr Wang’s son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks. This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills; the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time. 多年前，王先生继承了师父的事业，而现在他将自己的技艺传授给了将承担未来许多修复工作的新成员。更重要的是，在继承父业这一壮志的激励下，王先生的儿子现在也开始修复古董钟表。新一代的工匠们不仅将协助保留传统技艺，他们给技艺带来的创新也将确保钟表修复的艺术能够经得起时间的考验。
续表
In today’s fast-paced world, the saying that “time waits for no man” has never seemed more apt. Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo, there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country. 在当今快节奏的世界里，“时间不等人”的说法似乎再贴切不过了。然而，在西三所的隐秘庭院里，王先生和他的同事们用灵巧的双手和谦逊的心沉着地拼凑着过去，带来了永恒，好像他们已经与自己的技艺和这个国家的历史融为了一体。
续表
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. ______________ / rest re n/n. （旧建筑或旧家具等的）修复，整修→ __________ /r st （r）/vt. 恢复；修复；归还
restoration
restore
2. _______ /sp n/v. 将（棉花、羊毛等）纺成（线），纺（线）→过去式 _______ ；过去分词 _______ → ___________ / sp n /n. 纺织
spin
spun
spun
spinning
3. _______________ / ɡ z d re n/n. 夸大，夸张→ _____________ / ɡ z d re t/vt.& vi. 夸大；夸张
exaggeration
exaggerate
preserve
preservation
4. ___________ /pr z v/v. 维护，保护；保存→ _______________ / prez ve n/n. 维护；保护；保养
timeless
5. ___________ / ta ml s/adj. 永恒的，恒久的；永不过时的→ _________ / ta mli/adj. 及时的；适时的→ _______ /ta m/vt. 计时；测定……所需的时间；选择……的时机
timely
time
dominate
dominated
6. ___________ / d m ne t/v. 支配，控制，主宰→ ____________ / d mineitid/adj. 占主导地位的；强势的→ _____________ / d m ne n/n. 控制；支配
domination
architecture
7. _______________ / ɑ k tekt （r）/n. 建筑风格，建筑设计→ ____________ / ɑ k tekt/n. 建筑师
architect
ambitious
ambition
8. ____________ / m b s/adj. 宏大的，艰巨的→ ___________ / m b n/n. 野心，雄心；抱负，志向→ ______________ / m’b sli/adv. 雄心勃勃地；劲头十足地；热切地
ambitiously
associate
association
9. ____________ / s ie t/v. 与……有关→ ______________ / s si e n/n. [C]协会；社团；[C、U]联合；结合；交往
analysis
analyses
10. ___________ / n l s s/ n/n. 分析→ ___________ / n l si z/n. 分析；解析；分析；化验分析（analysis 的复数形式）→ __________ / n la z/vt. 分析
analyse
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. 日复一日 __________________
day in, day out
2. 源自 _________________
originate from
3. 范围从……到…… ___________________
range from... to
4. 使得……起死回生 ________________________
bring... back to life
5. 既不……也不…… ____________________
neither... nor...
6. 把……传递…… ________________
pass on... to
7. 承担；呈现 __________
take on
8. 从事；占据（时间/空间） __________
take up
9. 省去；遗漏；不考虑 ____________
leave out
make light of
10. 对……不在乎，轻视 ________________
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 介词短语位于句首引起倒装
教材原句 Among these is the clock restoration master, Wang Jin.
这些人中就有钟表修复专家王津。
中文例句 就在我们的房子前面有一棵有千年历史的大树。
句式仿写 ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just in front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.
2.
句型公式 neither... nor... 既不……也不……
教材原句 It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor.
人们突然明白，当钟表专家们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
中文例句 他的理由似乎既不必要也不充分。
句式仿写 ________________________________________________________
His reason seems neither necessary nor sufficient.
3.
句型公式 It seems/is unlikely that...……似乎是/是不可能的。
教材原句 But, despite the combined work of several generations of masters, it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete.
但是，尽管经过了几代大师的共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。
中文例句 双方不可能克服彼此间的分歧。
句式仿写 _________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is unlikely that the two sides will be able to bridge their differences.
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. Who are the plainly-dressed people in the courtyards of Xi San Suo ( )
A. Ordinary visitors. B. Craft masters.
C. Police officers. D. Famous professors.
B
2. What are Wang Jin and his students doing in the Forbidden City ( )
A. Restoring ancient clocks. B. Making a documentary.
C. Admiring their photos. D. Pleasing the visitors.
A
3. How long did it take to make the timepiece mentioned in paragraph 4 finally come back to life ( )
A. A year. B. Eight months.
C. Half a year. D. Four months.
B
4. How does Mr Wang feel about the future of these timepieces ( )
A. Optimistic. B. Negative. C. Unhappy. D. Sad.
A
背景导学
说明文主要集中在介绍事物、社会现象、地点等方面。写作时要按照一定的顺序进行介绍和说明，以达到实际应用和交际的目的。
【教材原文】
What do the Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan and the Chengde Mountain Resort all have in common These Qing-dynasty architectural marvels, along with many others, were all built by members of the same family-the Lei family.
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture. Their designs were admirable, varying from grand buildings to public works, such as roads and dams.
So incredible was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.
The Lei family were also pioneering engineers, who used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail. They took careful notes and made models of their projects, many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme.
In addition to their architectural achievements, the Lei family showed diligence and humility.
Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook ambitious projects, many of which took years to complete. Yet they did not seek fame, and even today, their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them.
With their remarkable skills, innovation, diligence and humility, the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime.
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的短文。
【审题谋篇】
第一段：Introduction 段介绍话题。首先，提供一些背景知识，告诉读者为什么这个话题是重要的。在介绍的时候，一定要“引起读者兴趣”，然后在Introduction的结尾，一定要有一个清楚的Thesis statement。如果文章缺少这一项，那么它将会被归为“文章没有重点”。Thesis statement应该清楚地定义所讨论的话题、立场等。文章应该紧紧地围绕着Thesis statement来书写。
第二段：Body段应该“又有骨头又有肉”。“骨头和肉”代表“evidence and information”。Body段的每个点应该包含一个evidence或者information。这样的文章会显得逻辑清晰，读者也非常容易从一个点转移到下一个点。
第三段：Conclusion段应该首先重新提及一下文章主题的重要性。可以迅速地浏览一下文章中的证据和信息来进行总结。但是不能再添加新的信息。
【词汇储备】
1. _________________________________ 占据宫廷建筑主导地位
dominate imperial architecture
2. ______________________ 从地震中幸存下来
survive earthquakes
3. ______________ 直到今天
to this day
4. _____________________ 仔细地做笔记
take careful notes
5. ______________________________ 表现出勤奋和谦逊
show diligence and humility
6. _______________________________ 承担宏大的项目
undertake ambitious projects
7. _________________被当作
be regarded as
8. ____________________ 超出了一生
beyond a lifetime
【句型运用】
1. 雷氏家族七代人在皇家建筑中悄然占据主导地位。（dominate）
_________________________________________________________________________________
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture.
2. 从宏伟的建筑到公共工程，他们的设计令人钦佩。（系表结构）
______________________________________________________________________________
Their designs were admirable, varying from grand buildings to public works.
3. 他们的技艺令人难以相信，许多建筑在地震中幸存下来，并屹立数百年之久。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
So incredible was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.
4. 雷氏家族使用网格系统来详细规划他们的项目。
_____________________________________________________________________________
The Lei family used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail.
5. 他们仔细地做笔记，并制作他们项目的模型，其中许多项目幸存至今，并被登记为联合国教科文组织世界记忆项目的一部分。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They took careful notes and made models of their projects, many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme.
6. 每一代人都有意识地学习了他们的手艺，并承担了许多宏大的项目，其中许多项目都要花数年时间才完成。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook ambitious projects, many of which took years to complete.
【句式升级】
1. 用定语从句连接并简化第1、2句。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture, whose designs were admirable.
2. 用whether... or... 简化第2、3句。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Whether grand buildings or public works survived earthquakes and remained standing to this day.
3. 用并列谓语重组第4、5句。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail, took careful notes and made models of their projects, many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme.
【串句成文】
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。（注意使用 meanwhile，therefore等衔接词）
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture, whose designs were admirable. Whether grand buildings or public works survived earthquakes and remained standing to this day.
They used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail, took careful notes and made models of their projects，
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme. Meanwhile, the Lei family showed diligence and humility. Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook ambitious projects, many of which took years to complete.
Therefore, their buildings and the legacy are regarded as a treasure to last beyond a lifetime.
音乐在我们的日常生活中扮演着很重要的角色，请根据以下提示以“The role of music”为题写一篇英语文章。
☆音乐可以使我们放松身心，缓解压力；
☆音乐可以振奋并鼓舞人心；
☆音乐能够抚慰我们的心灵，帮助我们走出困境；
☆音乐可以帮我们更好地了解别的文化。
注意：（1）词数不少于80；（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分范文 The role of music
Music plays an important role in our life. First, it can make us feel relaxed both mentally and physically, thus helping reduce our pressure at work and in life. Second, music can excite and encourage us as well whenever we meet troubles and feel sad. What’s more, music can have a comforting effect when we’re worried and help us step out of difficulty. In addition, music, as a universal language, can be of great help in learning another culture.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As far as I’m concerned, music is part of our life. We can’t live a happy life without the company of music.
[解析] 写作指导
体裁：说明文——事理阐释
时态：一般现在时
人称：以第三人称为主
要点：①音乐的地位；②音乐在我们生活中不同的作用；③我的观点。
高级短语及句式
短语：play an important role in在……方面起重要作用；feel relaxed 感到放松；reduce one’s pressure 减少某人的压力；step out of 走出；be of great help很重要；without the company of 没有……的陪伴。
句式：①thus helping reduce our pressure at work and in life为现在分词短语作结果状语；②时间状语从句：whenever we meet troubles and feel sad；③插入语：as a universal language。
1. dominate v. 支配、控制，主宰
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture. （教材P23）雷氏家族七代人在皇家建筑中悄然占据主导地位。
典例翻译
① Sports, though important, should not dominate our schools.
___________________________________________
运动虽然重要，但不应在学校中占主导地位。
② The strong usually dominate over the weak.
_____________________
强者常常支配弱者。
③ Adler could hardly dominate himself.
_________________________
艾德勒很难控制他自己。
④ As a child he was dominated by his father.
_____________________________
他小时候由其父亲主宰一切。
归纳拓展
控制 ________________
控制某人自己 ___________________
由……主宰 __________________
domination n._____________
dominate over
dominate oneself
be dominated by
支配；控制
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① They had five centuries of _____________ （dominate）by the Romans.
domination
② The old usually dominate _______ the young.
over
③ The Lakers team ____________ （dominate） the first half of the match.
dominated
（2） 单句写作
④你们必须控制自己的情感。 ___________________________________
You must dominate your passions.
2. preserve v. 维护, 保护；保存
This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills；the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time. （教材P21）新一代的工匠们不仅将帮助保留传统技艺，他们给技艺带来的创新也将确保钟表修复艺术经久不衰。
典例翻译
① We must preserve our natural resources from being destroyed.
_________________________________
我们必须保护自然资源免遭破坏。
② It is the duty of the police to preserve the public order.
_____________________________
维护公共秩序是警察的职责。
③ The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation.
_______________________
这些画保存得非常好。
④ Visit a nature preserve or greenbelt where you can experience nature near your home.
_______________________________________________
参观自然保护区或者你家附近的绿地来体验自然。
⑤ You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold.
___________________________
你需要暖和的衣服来御寒。
归纳拓展
保护……免受…… ___________________
自然保护区 __________________
维护公共秩序 ____________________________
preservation n. [U]保存；保护
preserved adj. 保存的；腌制的
well-preserved adj. 保存良好的
preserve…from…
nature preserve
preserve the public order
易混辨析
（1）protect“保护、保卫”，用以表示“保护或保卫某人或某物不受外界的伤害或侵害”。
（2）preserve “保护”，但重在表示“保持某物原有的状态”或“使某物保持完好的状态”。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① What can we do to preserve the company _______ ruin
from
② Protective measures are necessary if the city’s monuments are __________________ （preserve）
to be preserved
③ The police are responsible for the _______________ （preserve）of law and order.
preservation
（2） 单句写作
④对我们而言，有必要保护濒危物种不致灭绝。
____________________________________________________________________________
It is necessary for us to preserve the endangered species from dying out.
3. associate v. 与……有关
Yet they did not seek fame, and even today, their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them. （教材P23）然而，他们并不追求名声，即使在今天，他们的伟大作品更多地与朝廷联系在一起，而不是与他们联系在一起。
典例翻译
① I don’t want to be associated with his plan/project.
_______________________________
我不想和他的计划有任何瓜葛。
② People usually associate Japan with high-tech consumer products.
___________________________________________
人们一般把日本和高科技消费品联想在一起。
③ He has a shelf full of things, each of which has no association with his inner world.
_____________________________________________________________
他有一个摆满了东西的架子，每一样都与他的内心世界没有关联。
④ Now, she is in association with her business associate.
_____________________________
她现在与她的生意伙伴联合。
归纳拓展
将A与B联系起来 _____________________
与某人交往/合伙/结交 _____________________
与……有联系 ________________________
生意伙伴 _____________________
association n. 联想，联合，社团
与……有关联 _________________________
与……没有关联、交往 ______________________________
associate A with B
associate with sb.
be associated with...
business associate
in association with...
have no association with...
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① I don’t associate him _______ energetic sports.
with
② To some people, happiness is _____________ （associate）with money.
associated
③ We are working in ______________ （associate）with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
association
（2） 完成句子
④我和你交往的那些人没有交往。
I have no ______________ with the guys whom you’re __________________ .
association
associated with
4. range from... to... （ = range between... and...）在……到……之间变化
With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. （教材P21）小到怀表，大到一米以上的钟表，每一件都需要独特的修复方法。
典例翻译
① To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）
___________________________________________________
为了解答这些问题，布鲁克斯的调查涉及广泛的学科。
② Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined.
___________________________________________________________________________
尽管她的描述听起来很精彩，但是价格超出了我们的承受范围，所以我们拒绝了。
③ “Classical music” can refer to various kinds of music. Classical music ranges from jazz to orchestral music.
_________________________________________________________________________
“古典音乐”可以指各种各样的音乐。古典音乐的范围包括从爵士乐到管弦乐。
归纳拓展
种类繁多的 __________________
在……范围内 in/within the range of
超过某人的范围 _____________________________
在A到B之间变化 ____________________________________
a wide range of
out of/beyond one’s range
range from A to B/between A and B
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The national park has a large collection of wildlife, __________ （range） from butterflies to elephants.
ranging
② The subject is _________ my range and I can’t deal with it.
beyond
（2） 完成句子
③ 在我的家乡有一处连绵不断的山脉。
There is _______________________ in my hometown.
a range of mountains
④ 在公路上行驶时，驾驶员必须将车速控制在限速范围内。
When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed _________________________ speed-limiting.
within/in the range of
5. date back （to） 追溯到……，始于……
Day in, day out, Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years. （教材P20）
日复一日，王先生和他的学生们把时间花在修复几百年前的时钟上。
典例翻译
① Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back to over 5,000 years.
__________________________________________________________
巨石阵是世界上最著名的史前遗迹之一，追溯到5,000多年前。
② The history of public education in the US dates from the society of the early pioneers.
___________________________________________
美国的公共教育史起源于早期拓荒者的社会。
归纳拓展
注意：该短语不能用于被动语态，也不用过去分词表示被动意义。
追溯到……，始于…… ____________
与某人约会 have/make a date with sb.
迄今，到现在为止（常与完成时连用） to date
为……确定时间 fix a date for
最新式的 up to date
过时的 out of date
date from
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① To date, we ________________ （receive） over 200 replies.
have received
② The castle has a long history _________ （date）back to the ancient Roman times.
dating
③ The cultural relic discovered lately ________ （date） from the Ming Dynasty.
dates
（2） 单句写作
④在这种情况下，它提供的统计数据是准确的和最新的。
________________________________________________________________________
In this case, the statistics it provides are accurate and up to date.
1. with的复合结构
With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. （教材P21）小到怀表，大到一米多高的钟表，每一件都需要独特的修复方法。
典例翻译
① He was asleep with his head on his arms.
_______________________
他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
② He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
_________________________________________________________________________________
他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。
③ He sat there with his eyes closed.
___________________
他闭目坐在那儿。
④ With nothing to do, Tom sleeps at home.
_________________________________
由于无事可做，汤姆在家里睡觉。
归纳拓展
with的复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”组成, 常在句中作状语, 表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① With so many people __________ （help）us, we are sure to finish it on time.
to help
② I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother ________
（be）ill.
being
③ The man came in, with a bottle _____ his hand.
in
（2） 句型转换
④ The 2021 College Entrance Examination is drawing near, so the students feel great pressure.
→ __________________________________________________________ , the students feel great pressure.
With the 2021 College Entrance Examination drawing near
⑤ After she took a great weight off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
→ _________________________________________, she passed all the tests successfully.
With a great weight taken off her mind
2. given （that）... 考虑到……, 鉴于……
Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials, this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year. （教材P21）考虑到工作的复杂性和缺乏必要的材料，这意味着每个专家一年最多可以修复两件大型钟表。
典例翻译
① Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
_______________________________________________
考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
② Given that you are still young, I forgive you.
_____________________________
考虑到你还年轻，我原谅你。
③ We can find out how much money is spent on food in any given period.
_____________________________________________________
我们可以查明在任何特定时间内花在食物上的钱有多少。
④ Given that they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.
_____________________________________________
考虑到缺乏经验，他们的工作已经做得不错了。
归纳拓展
（1）given可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。
（2）given用作形容词，意为“特定的”“所述的”“规定的”等，通常作定语。
（3）given后也可接that从句，表示“考虑到”。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The work must be done within the ________ （give）time.
given
② ________ （give）his age, he’s remarkably active.
Given
（2） 句型转换
③Given her interest in writing, I’m sure the writer is the right career for her.
→ __________________________________________ ,I’m sure the writer is the right career for her.
Given that she is interested in writing
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. After four months in foreign parts, every hour at home was ___________ （宝贵的）.
precious
2. It was also a popular place to browse for ___________ （古董）.
antiques
3. The chapters that ___________ （包括） the first part of the novel are especially good.
comprise
explanation
4. In the final ______________ （分析） I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.
ambitious
5. He then attempted something more ____________（艰巨的）, a novel of 200,000 words.
6. The Forbidden City is one of the world’s greatest works of _______________（建筑）.
architecture
7. She gave us writing assignments we could relate to: “Write an ________（散文） on drinking and driving,” she said.
essay
modest
8. Young girls must be _________ （谦虚的） in speech and behavior.
polished
9. It’s an honest book but it hasn’t been __________（润色）.
barked
10. The dog _________（吠叫）when the stranger came near.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
at one’s own pace; day in, day out; originate from; range from... to...; pass on... to; wind up
1. Outbreak investigations have indicated that the novel coronavirus might _________________ wild animals.
originate from
2. I hope you spend some time learning that these ideas are worth spreading, and then _______ them ________ other people who can make a difference.
pass
on to
3. He is tired of doing the same thing __________________ .
day in, day out
4. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _______________ butterflies _____ elephants.
ranging from
to
5. The son asks his dad why the chameleon（变色龙） can __________ the color of its surroundings.
take on
6. It is a beautiful park, where people can easily have all the walks ____________________ without a tour guide.
at their own pace
be wound up
7. The first record players had to ______________ by hand and only played records that were two minutes long.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
But, despite the combined work of several generations of masters, 1. _____ seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete. Restoration would 2. ___________ （probable） need to begin again on the clocks that 3. ________________ （repair） long ago. This is a race against time that can never be won! But Mr Wang remains optimistic 4. ________ the future of these timepieces. 5. ____________ （follow） in the footsteps of his own teacher, Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members.
it
probably
were repaired
about
Following
What’s more, 6. ___________ （inspire） to continue, Mr Wang’s son now has also taken up repairing antique 7. _________ （clock）. This new generation will help preserve traditional skills, and their innovation will also ensure that the art of clock repairing 8. _________ （stand） the test of time. Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with 9. ___________ （skill） hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and 10. _______ the history of the country.
clocks
stands
skillful
with
inspired
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1. Youngsters who suffer the academic burden are encouraged to take _____ a sport and lead an active life.
up
2. Thanksgiving, an annual holiday in the US dating _______ hundreds of years ago, falls on the fourth Thursday in November.
from
3. He is very ____________ （ambition）and well-qualified, so he should reach the top of his profession.
ambitious
4. A healthy lifestyle is often considered to be associated _______ exercise, the mood and diet.
with
that
5. We haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long _______we’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
be associated with, be embodied in, pass on…to…, it seems unlikely that, impressive
1. Making shoes isn’t a profitable job, but he still insists as he wants to preserve the craft and deliver it to the younger generation. ________________
pass on it to
2. So unforgettable is its unique scenery that it is said to be more beautiful than any other city in Canada. _____________
impressive
3. In a TV ad, a happy housewife is polishing the table and then her smiling face is reflected in the table. _________________
is embodied in
4. It seems impossible that she will arrive before seven. _________________________
It seems unlikely that
5. In children’s minds, winter is related to skiing, skating and making snowmen. _____________________
is associated with
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. 这个活动不仅让我们接近大自然，也促进了我们之间的友谊。（promote）
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Not only did the activity get us close to nature, it also promoted the friendship among us.
2. John雄心勃勃，打算在别的地方设立十多家分公司。（so…that…的倒装结构）
_________________________________________________________________________________
So ambitious is John that he plans to set up more than ten branches elsewhere.
3. 我在工作面试中的良好表现使我对未来感到乐观。（optimistic）
_______________________________________________________________________________
My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic about my future.
4. 名人没有太多的空闲时间，因为他们的时间被他们的工作占用了。
（take up）
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Famous people don’t have much free time because their time is taken up by their work.
5. 他没有润色他的诗，所以不敢把它交给教授。（polish）
_______________________________________________________________________________
Not having polished his poem, he didn’t dare to submit it to the professor.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2021广东华南师大附中期末]
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,
leading to them becoming more isolated（孤立的） and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving in later life.
These include custom-made navigation（导航） tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living aloneor in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without
having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions
slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for olderdrivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案） to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
1. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB ( )
A. To explore new means of transport.
B. To design new types of cars.
C. To find out older drivers’ problems.
D. To teach people traffic rules.
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如开发了控制速度的系统、导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应，以确保他们的独立性，做到出入自由。
【命题立意】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第一段The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 可知，DriveLAB是为了理解老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里，即发现老年司机的问题，故选C。
2. Why is driving important to older people according to Phil Blythe ( )
A. It keeps them independent.
B. It helps them save time.
C. It builds up their strength.
D. It cures their mental illnesses.
A
people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知，开车对于保持老年司机的独立性很重要，让他们可以自由地出去走动，而不必依赖别人。故选A。
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第四段中Phil Blythe explains: “For many older
3. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers ( )
A. Improve their driving skills.
B. Develop driver-assist technologies.
C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D. Organize regular physical checkups.
B
we might use technology to address these problems.”及最后一段“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案） to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”可知，研究人员想要用技术解决老年司机的关键难题，来确保老年司机的安全。故选B。
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第五段中“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how
4. What is the best title for the text ( )
A. A New Model Electric Car
B. A Solution to Traffic Problems
C. Driving Service for Elders
D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
D
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】本文主要介绍一些研究人员想要利用技术解决老年司机驾驶存在的问题，其目的是帮助老年司机能够一直开车直到应该停止的年龄，故以“Keeping Older Drivers on the Road”为标题最符合全文主旨。故选D。
Ⅱ. 七选五
“The calm before the storm” is a very familiar expression. It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument. 1._______ They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become calm and the winds would drop.
But why is it often so calm before a storm 2._______ According to US website HowStuffWorks, a calm period occurs
D
A
because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and damp air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.
Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. 3._______ So once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm.
E
4._______ First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. A good judgement is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, calm doesn’t always go first. So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. 5._______
G
F
A. Science has given us the answer.
B. There is no definite answer to the question.
C. Weather reports sometimes cannot be trusted.
C. British sailors coined the phrase in the late l600s.
D. As the air declines, it becomes warm and dry, which is stable.
F. The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is.
G. That’s the most reliable way to predict the next display of nature’s temper.
D
1. ____
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章就“暴风雨前的宁静”这一说法做出了科学的解释，并且说明了一种计算暴风雨距离的窍门。同时告诉读者随时更新天气预报是预测下一个自然气象最可靠的方法。
【解题思路】根据下文They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become calm and the winds would drop. 可知，他们注意到，在某些暴风雨来临之前，海面似乎会变得平静，风也会减弱。根据代词They可推理上文有人提出这一说法。故选D。
2. ____
A
[解析] 【解题思路】根据上文But why is it often so calm before a storm （但是为什么暴风雨来临前往往那么平静呢 ）可知，下文就此做出回答。此处应是引出下文的答语。故选A。
3. ____
E
[解析] 【解题思路】根据下文So once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm. 可知，所以一旦它覆盖了一个区域，它就会在风暴前形成一段平静期。下文为覆盖，反之可推理上文应为空气下降。故选E。
4. ____
F
[解析] 【解题思路】根据下文First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. A good judgement is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away. 可知，首先数一下闪电和雷声之间有多少秒，大约三秒等于一公里。一个最佳判断是如果你的计数低于30秒，你应该立即寻求庇护。由此可知，此处是在介绍一个预测暴风雨距离的方法。故选F。
5. ____
G
[解析] 【解题思路】根据上文So， your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. 可知，你最好的办法就是随时更新天气预报，预测你所在地区即将来临的暴风雨。此处应评价上文那种方法是合理的。故选G。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
[2020山东济南外国语学校寒假综合测试三]
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There was something in the elderly woman’s grace that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of her steps, the woman moved with deliberation （从容）, and there was no hesitation in her gestures.
It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I could see the people outside rushing by.
The elderly woman entered the store, along with her daughter, who was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, sighing and checking her watch every few seconds. I guessed if she had possessed a rope, she would have fastened it to her mother to drag her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.
The elderly woman separated from her daughter and began to seek through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find
something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title written on an old piece of paper.
Rather than rush off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I thought I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment.
Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas. I missed my mom and still felt regretful about the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life unhappy.
As we walked along the back of the store, I introduced its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.
We found the DVD and she thanked me, saying that it was the one she’d enjoyed when she was her daughter’s age. Unwillingly, I accompanied her to the cash register, realizing I had to return the elderly woman to her daughter, who was still tapping her foot in the front of the store.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
As the elderly woman was waiting in the queue at the cash register, I walked over to her daughter._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分范文 “Mind some advice ” I asked. She rolled her eyes and said, “Of course not.” I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her and cherish every single moment you can stay with her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s these little
Then the daughter glanced over her elderly mother. And slowly, almost unwillingly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulder and gently guided her back into the crowd. Tears filled my eyes when I watched them disappearing in the crowd.
moments that will come back to you. Moments like this. I know.” Having finished saying this, I noticed the elderly woman moving with her deliberation back to her daughter.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Together they made their way toward the store’s exit._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[解析] 确定故事要素
要素 内容
Who An elderly woman, her daughter
When A few years ago
Where In a video store at the local shopping mall
What An elderly woman wanted to buy a DVD.
Why The daughter was impatient with her mother.
提取故事线索
故事线索The Clue Look for the DVD-find the DVD-kindness
开端 Beginning There was something in the elderly woman’s grace that caught my eye. Her daughter was impatient, rolling her eyes, sighing and checking her watch every few seconds.
发展 Development I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. I thought of my mother.
高潮Climax I accompanied her to the cash register. The daughter was still tapping her foot in the front of the store.
结局Ending 续写部分
续写情境推理
Para. 1: As the elderly woman was waiting in the queue at the cash register, I walked over to her daughter.
1. How did I talk to the daughter
I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的环境描写，用环境烘托感受。根据续写的语言风格的一致性，此处用表情描写表达作者的善意。）
2. How did the daughter feel then
She rolled her eyes and felt curious and surprised.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的心理感受描写，利用情感线索推动故事发展。此处使用I answered her curious expression 描写那个女儿的惊讶和好奇。）
3. Did the mother realize what happened
Having finished saying this, I noticed the elderly woman moving with her deliberation back to her daughter.
（续写第一段和第二段首句要合理衔接，根据第二段首句推断出老妇人的女儿向妈妈走过去。
根据故事情节可推理出母亲心里感觉到了女儿的不耐心，女儿放慢自己的脚步。Para. 2: Together they made their way toward the store’s exit.
1. Was the daughter aware of her mistake and how And slowly, almost unwillingly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulder and gently guided her back into the crowd. （续写故事要有积极向上的价值观，体现积极的人生观，所以推断尽管会不愿意，但是女儿还是转身去适应母亲的速度。
2. What impressed me most
It was the elderly woman’s grace and the daughter’s support to her mother that the crowded mall quietly witnessed.
（续写要求主题同一，指续写时要紧扣所给材料的中心，不得脱离原主题另起炉灶。所以依据所给材料，母女离开，留下和谐美好的背影。3. How did I feel then
Tears filled my eyes when I watched them disappearing in the crowd.
（所给材料中运用丰富的感情描写，并利用事件线索和感情线索推动故事情节发展。根据续写部分与所给材料的线索同一性，最后段落要通过心理描写表达作者对母亲的怀念。
高级短语及句式
1. in the queue排队
2. criticize vt. 批评
3. deliberation n. 审议；考虑；从容；细想
4. 时间状语从句：As the elderly woman was waiting in the queue at the cash register, I walked over to her daughter.
5. 非谓语动词的运用: Having finished saying this, I noticed the elderly woman moving with her deliberation back to her daughter.(共57张PPT)
Unit 2 A life's work
Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1. 单词拼写
① _______ v. （使） 摆好姿势
② __________ n. 食品杂货店
③ ______________ n. 着迷；迷恋
④ __________ n. 时尚
⑤ ________________ adj. 不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
pose
grocery
fascination
fashion
uncomplicated
⑥ ____________ n. 名人，明星
⑦ ________ n. 试验
⑧ ___________ n. 氢
⑨ ___________ adj. 珍稀的；贵重的
⑩ __________ n. 古董，古玩，古物
______________ n. （旧建筑或旧家具等的）修复，整修
____________ n. 工作场所
__________ n. 最大量，最大值
_________ v. 擦亮，擦光
precious
antique
restoration
workplace
maximum
polish
trial
hydrogen
celebrity
_______ v. （狗） 吠叫
___________ v. 维护，保护；保存
________ n. 短文，论说文
___________ v. 支配，控制，主宰
_______________ n. 建筑风格，建筑设计
____________ adj. 宏大的，艰巨的
____________ n. 与……有关
___________ n. 分析
___________ n. 包括，由……构成
essay
dominate
architecture
ambitious
associate
analysis
comprise
bark
preserve
2. 拓展单词
① __________ adj. 富有的，富裕的→ _________ n. 财富；大量
wealthy
wealth
② ____________ n. 技术，工艺，技巧→ ____________ adj. 技术的；工艺的→ _____________ n. 技术；科技
technique
technical
technology
③ __________ vt. 启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞→ ___________ adj. 受到启示的→ ____________ adj. 鼓舞人心的→ ______________ n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
inspire
inspired
inspiring
inspiration
④ ___________ n. 奉献；忠诚；专心→ _________ vt. 献身于，专心致志于→ __________ adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的
devotion
devote
devoted
unique
⑤ _________ adj. 独特的，罕见的；唯一的，独一无二的→ _____________ n. 独特性；独一无二；单值性
uniqueness
dedication
dedicate
⑥ _____________ n. 奉献；献身；赠言→ ___________ vt. 把……奉献给；题献词→ ____________ adj. 专用的；专注的；献身的
dedicated
innovation
innovate
⑦ _____________ n. 创新，革新；新方法→ ___________ vi.& vt. 创新；改革；革新→ _____________ adj.革新的，创新的
innovative
resolution
resolute
⑧ _____________ n. 决议→ ___________ adj.坚决的；果断的
originate
original
⑨ ____________ v. 创建；创立；发源；发端于→ ___________ adj. 原来的；独创的；首创的
significance
significant
⑩ _______________ n. 重要性，意义→ ______________ adj. 有重大意义的；显著的；意味深长的→ ________________ adv. 有重大意义地；显著地
significantly
preserve
preservation
. ___________ vt. 保存；保护→ _______________ n. 保存，保留
celebration
celebrate
. ______________ n. 庆典，庆祝会→____________ v. 庆祝；颂扬
various
variety
. __________ adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的→ __________ n. 不同种类；变化；多样化
accomplish
accomplishment
. _____________ vt. 完成；实现；达到→ _________________n. 成就；完成；技艺，技能
fascination
fascinate
. ______________ n. 着迷，迷恋→ ____________ v. 使着迷，使神魂颠倒；→ _____________ adj. 着迷的；被深深吸引的
fascinated
admirable
. ____________ adj.令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的→ _________ vt. 钦佩，羡慕→ _____________ n. 钦佩
admire
admiration
achieve
achievement
. __________ vt. 取得；获得；实现；成功→ ______________ n. 成就；完成；达到；成绩
survive
survival
. __________ vi.& vt. 生存，挺过（难关）→ ___________ n. 幸存，存活→ ___________ n. 幸存者
survivor
diligence
diligent
. ____________ n. 勤奋，勤勉→ ___________ adj. 勤勉的；用功的，费尽心血的
remark
remarkable
. _________ n. 注意；言辞；vt. 评论；觉察→ _____________ adj.卓越的；非凡的；值得注意的
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. 放弃____________
back down
2. 只不过____________________
nothing more than
3. （某事物的）前沿 _______________________________
the cutting edge （of sth.）
4. 不拘一格地思考，跳出框框思考________________________
think outside the box
5. 开辟新天地 ___________________
break new ground
6. 属于 ____________
belong to
7. 不管 ________________
regardless of
8. 专注于 ___________
focus on
9. 专心致力于 ______________________
dedicate oneself to
pass away
10. 过世 ____________
regards…as…
11. 把……视为……________________
date back to
12. 追溯到 _______________
range from…to…
13. 范围从……到…… ___________________
wind up
14. 上紧（钟、表等的）发条；卷起 __________
follow in the footsteps of
15. 跟随……的脚步 _____________________________
come back to life
16. 死而复生 ____________________
pass on…to…
17. 传递……________________
seek fame
18. 追求名声 ____________
be associated with
19. 与……有联系_____________________
aim to do
20. 打算做 ____________
leave behind
21. 留下 _______________
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1. 这些人中就有修复钟表大师王津。
_________________________________________________________
Among these is the clock restoration master, Wang Jin.
2. 也不是通过广泛的接触和联系。
_______________________________________________________
Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.
3. 这些东西是真实的，在它们的真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.
4. 甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面，直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos.
5. 他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness.
6. 要不是那部三集的纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary, outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft, who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.
7. 小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height， each of these requires its own unique method of restoration.
8. 人们突然明白了，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸大其词，也不是暗喻。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”， it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor.
9. 但是，尽管几代大师共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But， despite the combined work of several generations of masters， it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete.
10. 坎宁安之所以伟大，是因为他对摄影的热爱。
______________________________________________________________
What made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography.
11. 随着许多工艺品已经或即将永远消失，人们已经意识到保存那些留下来的工艺品的重要性。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With many crafts having been, or about to be, lost forever, people have realized the importance of preserving those that remain.
12. 他们合力打破思维定式，开辟了新天地，促使氢弹的突破。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Together, they thought outside the box and broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb.
13. 1964年10月，中国第一颗原子弹爆炸，标志着“两弹一星”计划的成功启动，17,000多名科学家和研究人员参加了该计划。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In October 1964, China exploded its first atomic bomb, marking a successful start of the “two bombs, one satellite” project, in which more than 17,000 scientists and researchers participated.
14. 雷氏家族以其卓越的技艺、创新、勤奋和谦逊留下了他们的建筑和遗产，即真正的手工艺品是一种可以持续一生的财富。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With their remarkable skills, innovation, diligence and humility, the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime.
15. 正文由有支撑的证据和事实的段落组成。
_________________________________________________________________________
The main body comprises paragraphs with supporting evidence and facts.
16. 最后，根据所提供的所有证据，回顾了文章的主题。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It concludes by reviewing the main theme of the essay in light of all the evidence that has been presented.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的英语短文。
1. 梁建英，中国高铁总设计师，1972年4月出生于山东省。（使用同位语）
2. 自1995年毕业以来，她一直致力于研究中国G系列高铁的发展。
（devote oneself to）
3.2007年，她开发了中国首列G系列高速列车，运行速度为300—350公里/小时。（at the speed of）
4.2017年，时速350公里的中国标准动车组投入使用，实现了高铁运营的新突破。（make a new breakthrough）
5. 梁建英给我们树立了一个好榜样。（set a good example to）
6. 在她苦心孤诣和创新精神的鼓舞下，我们将努力学习，为祖国未来的发展做出贡献。（dedication and innovation; contribute to）
One possible version:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Liang Jianying, general designer of China’s High-speed Railway, was born in Shandong Province in April 1972. Since she graduated in 1995, she has been devoting herself to researching
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
into the development of China’s G-Series High-Speed Train. In 2007, she developed the first G-Series High-Speed Train in China which was operated at the speed of 300—350 kph. In 2017, CHINA STANDARD EMU were put into service with the speed of 350 kph, which made a new breakthrough in the operation of the High-speed Railway.
Liang Jianying has set a good example to us. Inspired by her spirit of painstaking dedication and innovation, we will study hard to contribute to the development of our country in the future.
Ⅰ. 语境填词
1. One should keep in mind that scientific development usually comes about in somewhat regular__________ （时尚）.
fashion
2. They may want to save money for a wedding trip to a __________（遥远的） place or to buy a house.
faraway
3. Stephen Hawking’s achievements earned him the __________
（赞美） of the entire scientific community.
acclaim
spotlight
4. Join the hottest hip-hop party, step into the ____________
（聚光灯） and show your moves.
5. It is in China’s vital interest to keep Hong Kong _____________（繁荣的） and stable.
prosperous
Ⅱ. 同义替换
in fashion, approach to, keep up, think up, date back to, break away from, leave out, make light of
The community, whose links with Syria go back to biblical（圣
经） times, is mainly elderly people. _______________
date back to
2. The prisoner got rid of the two policemen who were holding him. __________________
broke away from
3. Do you think this paragraph can be deleted ___________
left out
4. Julian has been coming up with new ways of raising money. ______________
thinking up
5. The school has decided to adopt a different way of discipline. ______________
approach to
make light of
6. Roberts attempted to ignore his discomfort. ________________
in fashion
7. Some people say that reading is not up to date. _____________
8. Michael showed a brave front both to the world and in his home. __________
kept up
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. 很多年轻人来到这座大城市的原因是他们想寻求幸福和成功。（表语从句） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The reason why a lot of young people come to this big city is that they want to seek happiness and success.
2. 我们第一次一起吃饭是在参观长城的时候。（表语从句）
__________________________________________________________________________________
The first time we had dinner together was when we were visiting the Great Wall.
3. 迈克变化太大了。他已不再是过去的他了。（表语从句）
________________________________________________________________
Mike has changed so much. He is no longer what he used to be.
4. 汤姆把他所有的精力都用在学习上了。那就是他取得巨大进步的原因。（表语从句）
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Tom has devoted all his energies to study. That’s why he has made great progress.
5. 我们担心的是这种新病毒能否被预防和控制。（表语从句）
__________________________________________________________________________
Our concern is whether the novel virus can be prevented and controlled.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
[2020江苏南通启东中学期中]
The park bench was deserted as I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old tree, with good reason to frown, for the world was intended to drag me down. At this time, a boy approached me. He stood right before me, and said with great excitement, “Look what I found!”
In his hand was a flower, and what a pitiful sight, with its petals （花瓣） all worn. Wanting him to take his flower and go off to play, I faked a small smile and then turned to the other side.
But instead of leaving, he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his nose and declared, “It really smells pretty and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I picked it. Here, it’s for you.”
The flower before me was dying or dead. But I knew I must takeit, or he might never leave. So I reached for the flower, and replied, “Just what I need.”
But instead of placing the flower in my hand, he held it in mid-air. It was then that I noticed that the boy was blind.
I heard my voice quiver （轻微颤抖）, and at the same time my tears shone like the sun. As I thanked him for picking the very best one, he smiled and said, “You’re welcome.” And then he ran off to play, unaware of the impact he’d had on me.
I sat there and wondered how he managed to see a self-pitying woman beneath an old tree. Perhaps from his heart, he’d been blessed with true sight.
Through the eyes of the blind boy, I could see the problem was not with the world; the problem was me. And for all of those times I had been blind. From now on I vowed to see beauty and appreciate every second that’s mine. Then I held the flower up to my nose and breathed its fragrance and smiled as that young boy.
B
1. When she sat down to read on the bench, the author____.
A. felt relaxed and peaceful
B. felt upset and unhappy with her life
C. wanted to have a friend keeping her company
D. felt proud to have overcome the difficulties in life
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者感到很郁闷的时候，一个盲人男孩出现了，送了作者一朵花，他的善良和乐观让作者重新点燃对生活的热爱。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句The park bench was deserted as I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old tree, with good reason to frown, for the world was intended to drag me down. 可知，当她坐下来在长凳上阅读时，眉头紧锁，她对自己的生活感到不安和不快乐。故选B。
2. The author decided to take the flower at first because____.
A. she was really moved by the boy
B. she didn’t want to hurt the young boy
C. she thought the flower was really beautiful
D. she didn’t like being bothered by the boy any more
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的But I knew I must take it, or he might never leave. 可知，作者决定把花拿去，因为她不希望被这个男孩打扰。故选D。
3. Which of the following can best describe the boy？( )
A. Kind and optimistic. B. Independent and active.
C. Handsome and intelligent. D. Warmhearted and sensitive.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，作者感到很郁闷的时候，一个盲人男孩出现了，送了她一朵花，他的善良和乐观让作者重新点燃对生活的热爱。由此可见，男孩很善良、乐观。故选A。
B
Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.
Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children’s chromosomes （染色体）, called telomeres（端粒）, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.
Telomeres are special DNA sequences （序列）which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.
Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.
In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children’s telomeres shorten faster than
normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner, physical maltreatment by an adult, or bullying. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres-in cells obtained by wiping the insides of their cheeks-at ages 5 and 10.
Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of
aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.
Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres.
“The study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes,” says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.
B
4. The new study found that____.
A. hardship can change a child’s memory
B. violence can speed up a child’s aging
C. violence leaves scars on a child’s mind
D. hardship has an effect on a child’s mind
children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging. 可知，研究表明，暴力不仅可以影响孩子的身体，也能改变他们的DNA，也能导致等同于七到十年的提前衰老。由此可以判断出，新的研究显示，暴力会加速孩子变老。故选B。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了暴力或困境会影响孩子的身体，改变他们的DNA，导致孩子提前衰老。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on
5. What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to ( )
A. Telomeres. B. Children.
C. Chromosomes. D. DNA sequences.
A
可以阻止染色体中的DNA分裂。每次细胞分裂时，它们都变得更短，直到细胞不能分裂任何一个细胞。由此可知，“They”指的是上文中的Telomeres。故选A。
[解析] 【命题立意】代词指代题。【解题思路】根据第三段Telomeres are special DNA sequences （序列）which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies. 可知，端粒是特殊的DNA的序列，
6. What can be inferred from the text ( )
A. Violence can cause quick cell death in children’s body.
B. Telomeres can help prevent chromosomes from separating.
C. Children who have shorter telomeres have heart attacks later.
D. Being treated badly will make a child’s telomeres shorten faster.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】由第六段中的Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence可知，当孩子面临两种或两种以上类型的暴力时，端粒变短的速度会更快。由此可知，被暴力对待会使一个孩子的端粒加速变短。故选D。
7. What is the best title for the text ( )
A. Violence and Telomeres
B. The Function of Telomeres
C. Violence Makes Children Aging
D. DNA Influences Children’s Growth
C
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据全文内容可知，文章主要说明暴力会加速DNA中端粒的变短而让孩子们提前衰老。故选C。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
[2020江西南昌十中高二期中] Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment 1.________ a reporter in China Daily. At the office his talk with his new boss influenced his life strongly. His boss told him not to go out to cover an event 2._____________ a professional photographer.
During the interviews, he had to listen to a lot of 3.____________ （detail）facts when getting well prepared for
as
without
detailed
the next question based on 4.__________ the person said. If the person 5._________________ （interview） agreed, he should use a recorder to record what the interviewee said. The boss also gave him 6.________ example of the importance of a recorder. Once a footballer was accused of taking money for 7.__________________
（deliberate） not scoring goals. He admitted that someone 8._______________ （try） to bribe him, but he denied taking the money. With the recording, it was proved that he was 9.____________ （guilt）. He was angry and tried to stop it, 10._________ failed.
an
deliberately
had tried
guilty
but
what
interviewed
as
1. _____
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了周洋在成为《中国日报》的记者后，老板向他讲述了作为记者，报道采访过程中需要注意的事项，以便使自己获得所需信息的故事。
考查介词。句意：周洋永远不会忘记他作为《中国日报》的记者的第一个任务。结合句意及句子结构可知，空处需用介词as，表示作为记者。故填as。
2. __________
without
[解析] 考查介词。根据语境和句子结构可知，空处需用介词，表示“没有……”，故填without。
3. ___________
detailed
[解析] 考查形容词。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词facts, detail的形容词为detailed“详细的”。故填detailed。
4. _______
what
[解析] 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，介词on后面是一个宾语从句，从句的动词缺少宾语，此处表示说的内容，需用连接代词what，故填what。
5. ______________
interviewed
[解析] 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：如果被采访的人同意，他应该使用录音机来记录被采访者所说的话。本句已有谓语动词 agreed，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，此处the person和interview之间是被动关系，所以这里是过去分词作后置定语，故填interviewed。
6. _____
an
[解析] 考查不定冠词。句意：老板还给他举了一个有关录音机重要性的例子。空处需用不定冠词a/an，泛指一个例子，example以元音音素开头，所以前面用an，故填an。
7. _______________
deliberately
[解析] 考查副词。句意：有一次，一名足球运动员被指控因故意不进球而受贿。此处需用副词修饰后面的scoring goals“进球”，故填deliberately。
8. ____________
had tried
[解析] 考查动词时态。句意：他承认有人竭力贿赂他，但他否认拿了钱。由主句的谓语动词admitted可知，空处动词需用过去的某种时态，结合句意可知，此处表示“过去的过去”发生的动作，所以空处需用过去完成时：had done。故填had tried。
9. _________
guilty
[解析] 考查形容词。句意：有了录音，他就被证明是有罪的。空处需用形容词作表语，guilt的形容词为guilty“有罪的”。故填guilty。
10. ______
but
[解析] 考查连词。句意：他很生气，试图阻止它，但失败了。根据空前空后句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，需用并列连词but。故填but。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
[2020山东泰安高二上学期期末] 假定你是李华，你们学校昨天举办了汉文化活动。 请你用英语给你的加拿大笔友 Tom 写一封邮件告知他此事，内容包括：
1. 活动目的、时间和地点；
2. 主要内容（汉代舞蹈表演及汉服介绍）；
3. 你的感受。
注意：1. 词数 80 左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和落款已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分范文In order to protect traditional Chinese culture, an activity about the culture of the Han Dynasty was held in our school hall yesterday. Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I am writing to tell you about it.The activity started with a wonderful dance performed by several girls wearing
beautifully-designed Hanfu. Later, a teacher introduced the characteristics of Hanfu and the manners of the Han Dynasty. Students who had questions asked the teacher actively.Through this activity, I have learned more about the culture of the Han Dynasty. It’s really meaningful.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua(共6张PPT)
Unit 2 A life's work
背景导学
NEW YORK—Gordon Parks, who experienced the struggles and victories of black America as a photographer for Life magazine and then became Hollywood’s first major black director with “The Learning Tree” and the hit “Shaft”, died Tuesday, his family said.
Parks, who also wrote fiction and was a gifted composer, died at his home in New York, according to a former wife, and a nephew Charles Parks.
“Nothing came easy,” Parks wrote in his autobiography（自传）.
“I was just born with a need to explore every tool shop of my mind, and with long searching and hard work, I became devoted to my restlessness. ”
He covered everything from fashion to politics to sports at Life from 1948 to 1968.
But as a photographer, he was perhaps best known for his photo essays on the effects of poverty in the United States and abroad and on the spirit of the civil rights movement.
He went through a series of jobs as a teen and young man, including the piano player and railroad dining car waiter. The breakthrough came when he was about 25, when he bought a used camera in a pawnshop （当铺） for ＄7.50. He became a freelance （自由职业的） fashion photographer, went on to Vogue magazine and then to Life in 1948.
“Reflecting now, I realize that, even within the limits of my childhood vision, I was on a search for pride, meanwhile taking
measurable glimpses of how certain blacks, who suffered from racism, were against it,” he wrote.
When he accepted an award from Wichita State University in May 1991, he said it was “another step forward in my making peace with Kansas and Kansas making peace with me.”
1. Which of the following jobs did Gordon Parks not do ( )
A. A photographer. B. A director.
C. A composer. D. A politician.
D
2. What can you infer from the passage ( )
A. Parks thought not everything was easy.
B. Parks was later fond of exploring every person.
C. Parks worked for Life for 20 years.
D. Parks married only once.
C