外研版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 A glimpse of the future 课件（5份打包）

(共109张PPT)
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 Artificial Intelligence: A REAL THREAT In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking, artificial intelligence will be“either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”. Technology of Tomorrow Forum wants to hear your thoughts on AI. Is it our greatest human achievement so far？Or is it the biggest threat to our existence？ 教材译文
人工智能：真正的威胁？
用斯蒂芬·霍金教授的话来说, 人工智能“要么是人类历史上最好的事物, 要么就是最糟糕的事物”。明日科技论坛想听听你对人工智能的想法。这是我们人类迄今为止最伟大的成就吗？ 抑或是我们生存的最大威胁吗？
Millenniumbutterfly Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone. She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her, and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences. It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants. In contrast, my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place. Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant. 千禧蝶
多亏了人工智能, 我的手机里安装了我自己的超级智能个人助理。我向她提出任何问题, 她都能立即给出回答, 甚至利用我的回答来更多地了解我的偏好。我过去常常感觉好像自己有50%的时间都花在了寻找新餐馆上。相比之下, 我的个人助理只需要几秒钟就能找到适当的地方。她给我的每一个推荐都很好, 因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一家餐厅。
续表
And speaking of hanging out, I’m hoping that self-driving cars are available soon. I’ve been taking driving lessons for over a year, and still haven’t got my licence. Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do, and can make judgements based on information. And as they won’t be susceptible to human error, they’ll certainly be a lot safer. The only thing is that there might be a few machine-learning problems when the first cars hit the market, so perhaps I’d better learn to drive first. Still, I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier. 说到闲逛, 我希望自动驾驶汽车能很快上市。我已经上了一年多的驾驶课了, 可是还没有拿到驾照。自动驾驶汽车可以像我们一样学习驾驶, 并可以根据信息做出判断。而且由于它们不会受到人为失误的影响, 它们肯定安全得多。唯一的问题是, 当第一批车上市时, 学习自动驾驶技术可能会出现一些问题, 所以或许我最好先学会开车。不过, 我确实认为, 总体而言, 人工智能的发展将使做日常的事情变得更加容易。
续表
Popkid The technology you’re using and enjoying today is a basic form of AI which can’t think independently without programming. Of course, it could be very useful to have a more advanced form of AI-a truly independent form of artificial intelligence, capable of exercising its own judgement, could help us solve many of the world’s problems. But have you ever thought about the risks After all, why would an independent form of AI need to consider the opinions and desires of humans We could be seen as a “small”inconvenience that’s in the way of a solution to a bigger problem. If we’re lucky, AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around. If not, it might wipe us all out! 流行小孩
你今天使用和享受的技术是人工智能的基本形式, 它没有编程就无法独立思考。当然, 拥有一种更高级的人工智能可能非常有用——一种真正独立的人工智能,能够行使自己的判断, 可以帮助我们解决世界上的许多问题。但是你考虑过它的风险吗？ 毕竟, 为什么一个独立的人工智能需要考虑人类的意见和愿望？ 我们可能被看作是一个“小小的”不便, 它妨碍了更大问题的解决。如果我们幸运, 人工智能可能会认为我们足够有价值, 可以留下来。如果不这样的话, 它可能会把我们都消灭！
续表
Even if that doesn’t happen, there are other risks. Millenniumbutterfly, you say how great it would be to have self-driving cars, but what about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs They would just be among the first victims of AI. Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. Even journalists are now being replaced with technology that can write basic news reports. As it is, almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years. 即使那种情况不会发生, 也存在其他风险。千禧蝶, 你说拥有自动驾驶汽车有多好, 但是所有将失去工作的出租车司机怎么办？ 他们将是人工智能的第一批受害者。从长远来看, 几乎所有的工作都存在潜在的风险。甚至记者现在也被能够撰写基本新闻报道的技术取代。照现状看, 未来20年美国近50%的就业岗位将面临来自自动化的风险。
续表
The truth is that none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI. Pink_ haze Machine learning is something we have come to accept as a part of our modern world. I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts. 事实上是我们都没有准备好迎接人工智能的挑战。
粉红色的烟雾
作为我们现代世界的一部分, 机器学习是我们已经接受的东西。我相信人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解释大量的数据的能力, 这意味着它甚至可以解决人类专家难以解决的问题。
续表
But while super-intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history, if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands, it could also be the most dangerous. However, AI is not going to go away. We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it. One thing I think we all agree on, though, is that saying “My AI did it!” won’t be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour! 然而, 尽管超级智能的人工智能可能是人类历史上最大的飞跃, 但如果它出错或落入坏人之手, 它也可能是最危险的。然而, 人工智能不会消失。我们别无选择, 只能接受并管理它。不过, 有一件事我想大家都同意, 那就是说“这是我的人工智能做的！”不会成为任何违法或不道德行为的借口！
续表
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. _____________/ ɑ t f ( )l/adj. 人造的, 人工的→_______________/ ɑ t f li/adv. 人工地, 人为地; 不自然地, 做作地
artificial
artificially
2. ____________/ s st( )nt/n. 助手, 助理→_________/ s st/v. 协助; 援助→_____________/ s st npoten/n. 协助; 援助
assistant
assist
assistance
3. ______________/p tεn ( )li/adv. 潜在地→____________/p ten l/adj. 潜在的, 有可能的n. 潜力, 潜势, 可能性
potentially
potential
__________/ m r l/adj. 不道德的; 道德败坏的→________/ m r l/adj. 道德的; 道义上的 n. 道德; 寓意
6. ___________/ reɡj le t/v. 控制, 管理→_____________/ reɡju le n/n. 管理; 规则
5. __________/ n( )la z/v. 分析→___________/ n l s s/n. 分析结果→_____________/ n l t kl/adj. 分析的; 解析的; 分析性的
4. __________/ li ɡ( )l/adj. 非法的, 违法的→____________/ li ɡ li/adv. 非法地→________/ li ɡl/adj. 合法的→__________/ li ɡ li/adv. 合法地, 法律上
illegal
illegally
legal
legally
analyse
analysis
analytical
regulate
regulation
immoral
moral
leap
8. _______/li p/n. 剧变 v. 跳, 跳跃; 急速移动, 猛冲
inconvenience
9. ________________/ nk n vi ni ns/n. 不便; 麻烦→_______________/ nk n vi ni nt/adj. 不便的; 打扰的→______________/k n vi ni ns/n. 便利; 便利的事物
inconvenient
convenience
solution
solve
10. ___________/s lu n/n. 解决方案; 解答→________/s lv/vt. 解决; 解答
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. come true_______
实现
2. thanks to_______
多亏
3. in contrast___________
与此相反
4. speak of_______
谈到
5. hang out_______
闲逛
6. 有能力________________
be capable of
7. 消灭, 彻底摧毁___________
wipe out
8. 被……替代___________________
be replaced with
9. 处于危险之中__________
at risk
have no choice but to do
10. 别无选择只能做……___________________________
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 do表示对谓语动词进行强调
教材原句 Still, I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier. 不过, 我确实认为, 总体而言, 人工智能的发展将使做日常的事情变得更加容易。
中文例句 记得带两张近照, 我们要给您做会员卡。
句式仿写 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Do remember to take two of your recent photos with you so that we can make a membership card for you.
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
1. What is the main idea of the text ( )
A. Artificial Intelligence may be a real threat for mankind.
B. Artificial Intelligence will control human beings.
C. Artificial Intelligence will make our life better and better.
D. Artificial Intelligence will be a big mistake and very dangerous.
A
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT？
Millennium-butterfly ◆His super-smart 1. ______________________________________ has an immediate answer for all his questions.
◆His PA can find the right 2. ________________________ for him quickly.
◆He thinks 3. __________________________ in AI will make doing day-to-day things a lot easier.
personal assistant
restaurants
developments
Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT？
Popkid ◆AI could help us 4. ____________ many problems, but there are some risks.
◆Almost 50 per cent of US jobs are 5. ________________ from automation in the next 20 years.
◆6. ______________________ is prepared for the challenges of AI.
Pink_haze ◆AI can solve problems that are too 7. ________________________ for human experts.
◆If AI 8. ______________________ or falls into the wrong hands, it could also be 9. ______________________________________ .
◆We have no choice but to embrace and 10. _________ AI.
None of us
the most dangerous
challenging
goes wrong
regulate
solve
at risk
续表
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. What makes Millenniumbutterfly save much time in looking for restaurants ( )
A. His super-smart personal assistant.
B. His super-smart phone.
C. His own questions.
D. His own preferences.
A
2. Why does Millenniumbutterfly want to buy a self-driving car ( )
A. Because he likes hanging out.
B. Because he hates taking driving lessons.
C. Because it won’t be susceptible to human error.
D. Because there might be machine-learning problems.
C
3. What might happen if AI thinks we’re invaluable ( )
A. AI might exercise its own judgement.
B. AI might program by itself.
C. AI might help us solve problems.
D. AI might make us at great risk.
D
4. How should we deal with super-intelligent AI ( )
A. Destroy it completely. B. Stop its development.
C. Analyse and interpret it. D. Embrace and regulate it.
D
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1. Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way _______________, and can make judgements based on information.
【分析】 way后面为定语从句①, 关系词若在从句中作状语, 通常省略关系词, 或用 that, 在较正式的文体里才用 in which 来引导。
【译文】 _______________________________________________________________
①that we do
自动驾驶汽车可以像我们一样学习驾驶, 并可以根据信息做出判断。
①she gives me
2. Every recommendation _________________ is great __________________________ ___________________________________________.
【分析】 句中she gives me为省略关系代词that/which的定语从句①, 修饰先行词recommendation, since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant 为since引导的原因状语从句②, 其中if引导宾语从句③。
【译文】 ___________________________________________________________________
②since she can predict
③if I will like a particular restaurant
她给我的每一个推荐都很好, 因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一家餐厅。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. What is the super-smart personal assistant like
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her, and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences.
2. How does AI help us in our life
__________________________________________________________________________________
Developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier.
3. What is the advantage and disadvantage of the advanced form of AI
_____________________________________________________________________________________
It could help us solve many of the world’s problems. Maybe we humans are at risk.
4. What risks will AI make us face in the future
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. None of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
5. What will AI bring to our human beings
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts.
6. How should we get along with AI
______________________________________________________
We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
将上述句子转换句式（不能使用课文原句）。
1. 使用词汇替换方式改写第一句。
_________________________________________________________________________________
Super-smart personal assistants are helpful, based on our preferences.
2. 使用There is no doubt that…改写第二句。
________________________________________________________
There is no doubt that AI will make daily things easier.
3. 使用含有but的并列复合句改写第三句。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
It could help us solve many of the world’s problems, but maybe we humans are at risk.
4. 使用定语从句改写第五句。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AI is able to analyse and interpret large amounts of data, which means it can even solve what challenges human experts.
Step 3 Summary Writing
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Super-smart personal assistants are helpful, based on our preferences. There is no doubt that AI will make daily things easier. It could help us solve many of the world’s problems, but maybe we humans are at risk. Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. None of us is prepared for the challenges of AI. AI is able to analyse and interpret large amounts of data, which means it can even solve what challenges human experts. We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.
1.assistant n. 助手, 助理, 助教 adj. 助理的; 副的
Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone. （教材P38）多亏了人工智能, 我的手机里安装了我自己的超级智能个人助理。
典例翻译
① He worked as an assistant to Mr. Ming.
_____________________
他给明先生当助理。
② We will have handy robots and computers to assist us with the things that are boring.
_________________________________________________________
我们将有方便的机器人和电脑来帮助我们做那些无聊的事情。
③ Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance of volunteers.
_____________________________________________________
自1976年以来, 他一直在志愿者的帮助下经营这家商店。
④ I would be of little assistance in the kind of work he was doing.
_______________________________________
对他正在做的那种工作我几乎帮不上忙。
assist sb. with sth.
归纳拓展
（1）……的助理 __________________
（2）assist vt. 帮助; 协助; 援助
帮助某人做某事 ___________________________ = _______________________
（3）assistance n. 援助; 帮助
有好处, 有用处 ___________________
在某人的帮助下 _____________________________
come to one’s assistance 来支援（帮忙）某人
social assistance 社会救助; 社会援助
an assistant to
assist sb. in doing sth.
be of assistance
with the assistance of sb.
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He asked us to assist him in ___________ （carry）through his plan.
carrying
② She worked as an ____________ （assist）to me here.
assistant
③ We will come to your _____________ （assist）if your car breaks down.
assistance
（2） 一句多译
④你经常帮助妈妈做家务吗？
Do you often __________________________ the housework
= Do you often ______________________________ the housework
assist your mother with
assist your mother in doing
2.potentially adv. 潜在地
Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. （教材P39）从长远来看, 几乎每一个工作都存在潜在的风险。
典例翻译
① The disease is potentially fatal.
_______________________
这种疾病可能会致命。
② John Smith is our potential customer.
_________________________________
约翰·史密斯是我们潜在的顾客。
③ She recognized the potential for error in the method being used.
_____________________________________
她意识到在所采用的方法中可能出错。
④ All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential.
_________________________________________
应当鼓励所有的儿童充分发挥他们的潜能。
⑤ He has the potential to become a world-class musician.
_______________________________
他有成为世界级音乐家的潜力。
归纳拓展
potential adj. 潜在的, 有可能的 n. 潜力, 潜势, 可能性
potential disasters 潜在的灾祸
develop/realize one’s potential 发挥/认识到某人的潜力
have the potential to do… 有潜力做……
(做)某事的可能性 ________________________________
the potential for (doing)sth.
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① There is also potential for _____________ (exploit)untouched arable land resources.
exploiting
② China is abundant in resources of rivers, grassland and mountains, with great ____________ (potentially) of development.
potential
③ The new biological science does have the potential ________ (do)great harm, as well as good.
to do
（2） 单句写作
④ 这明显是一种潜在的危险局势。
_____________________________________________________
Clearly this is a potentially dangerous situation.
⑤ 发掘孩子的潜在能力是很重要的。
______________________________________________________________
It’s important to discover a child’s potential abilities.
3.capacity n. 能力, 才能; 职位; 容量
I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts. (教材P39)
我相信人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解释大量的数据的能力, 这意味着它甚至可以解决人类专家难以解决的问题。
典例翻译
① In my capacity as president, I would like to thank Jack for his hard work.
_____________________________________
作为总裁, 我要感谢杰克的辛勤工作。
② The mountain walk is well within the capacity of most people.
_______________________________________
对大多数人来说, 走这条山路不成问题。
③ She has an enormous capacity for hard work.
_____________________
她特别能吃苦耐劳。
④ You need to improve your capacity to enjoy life.
_____________________________
你需要提高享受生活的能力。
归纳拓展
作为……; 以……资格、身份或职位 _____________________________________________……的能力 ___________________
做某事的能力 __________________________
在某人的能力范围之内/之外______________________________________________________________________
以全(部)力(量); 满功率; 满负载 at full capacity
达到最大容量 to capacity
in one’s capacity as = in the capacity of
the capacity for
the capacity to do sth.
within/beyond one’s capacity = within/beyond the capacity of sb.
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① In his capacity _____ captain, he’s got the right to tell us what to do.
as
② This maths problem is too difficult, so it is _________ the capacity of most school children.
beyond
③ She seems to have lost the capacity __________ (enjoy)herself.
to enjoy
（2） 赏词猜义
④ Their reasoning capacity must be developed. _______
能力
⑤ She worked here in the capacity of nurse. _____________
身份, 职位
⑥ The capacity of the freezer is 1.1 cubic feet. _____________
容量, 容积
4.illegal adj. 非法的, 违法的
One thing I think we all agree on, though, is that saying“My AI did it！”won’t be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour! (教材P39)不过, 有一件事我想大家都同意, 那就是说“这是我的人工智能做的！”不会成为任何违法或不道德行为的借口！
典例翻译
① The pedlar sells illegal drugs.
_____________________
小贩出售非法药品。
② It’s an illegal act for people under 17 to drive a car in Britain.
_____________________________________________
在英国, 不满17岁的人驾驶车辆是违法的行为。
③ Ben Johnson ran the Olympic race illegally.
_______________________________________
本·约翰逊非法地参加了奥林匹克比赛。
④ Seeing that she’s legally old enough to get married, I don’t see how you can stop her.
___________________________________________________________
鉴于她已经到了法定的结婚年龄, 我不明白你怎么可以阻止她。
归纳拓展
（1）非法药品 ________________
非法行为 _________________
(某人)做某事是违法的 ____________________________________
（2）legal adj. 合法的
(某人)做某事是合法的 __________________________________
（3）illegally adv. 非法地, 不合法地
legally adv. 合法地; 法律上
illegal drugs
an illegal act
it’s illegal (for sb.)to do sth.
it’s legal (for sb.)to do sth.
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Is it legal for boys of that age ___________(drink)alcohol
to drink
② All the ____________(legal)constructed buildings must be pulled down.
illegally
③ The school is __________ (legal)responsible for your child’s safety.
legally
（2） 单句写作
④如果你没有做非法的事情, 就没有必要非法越境!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
There is no need for illegal border crossings if you are not doing something illegally!
5.regulate v. 控制, 管理
We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it. (教材P39)我们别无选择, 只能接受并管理它。
典例翻译
① He regulated his clock according to the radio.
_____________________________
他听收音机校准了他的钟表。
② A person’s behavior is often regulated by his circumstances.
_________________________________
人的行为常受其所处环境的约束。
③ We need the regulation of share prices.
_____________________________
我们需要对股票价格的管制。
④ The bus driver violated the traffic regulation.
_______________________________
这个巴士司机违反了交通规则。
归纳拓展
把钟表对准 ___________________
受……约束/制约 __________________
regulate the traffic 管理交通
regulation n. 管理; 规章; 规则
对……(规则条例)的管理 ____________________
交通规则 ______________________
regulate a clock
be regulated by
the regulation of
traffic regulations
学以致用
单句填空
① Your watch is always slow; it needs to _______________(regulate).
be regulated
② From now on any violation of the _____________ (regulate) must be cruelly punished.
regulation
③ You must obey the regulation _____ the game.
of
6. hang out闲逛; 挂出; 垂下; 拖延; 坚持(战斗)
And speaking of hanging out, I’m hoping that self-driving cars are available soon. (教材P38)说到闲逛, 我希望自动驾驶汽车很快就能上市。
典例翻译
① The local kids hang out at the mall.
___________________________
当地的孩子常在商场闲荡。
② Jane is afraid of people; she always hangs back when we take her to a party.
___________________________________________________
简怕见人; 我们带她去参加聚会时, 她总是踌躇不前。
③ Whatever I’ve got, I’m going to hang on to it.
_________________________________________
不管我得到什么, 我都打算紧紧把握住它。
④ Decorations are hanging up everywhere in the city at the Spring Festival.
___________________________
春节时城里到处张灯结彩。
归纳拓展
继续留在原处; 踌躇不前 ____________
紧紧握住 _____________
悬挂(某物); 挂断电话 _________________
hang on 抓紧; 坚持; 不挂断
hang up on sb. 挂断某人的电话
hang back
hang on to
hang (sth.) up
学以致用
单句填空
① Can you hang _____ for a minute
on
② The president has been trying hard to hang on _____ power.
to
③ I saw him step forward for a moment but then hang _______ , nervously.
back
④ After I hung _____ I remembered what I’d wanted to say.
up
条件状语从句的省略
If not, it might wipe us all out! (教材P39)如果不这样的话, 它可能会把我们都消灭！
典例翻译
① It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it —if not, turn it off!
_______________________________________________________________
只要你在使用电器设备, 你便可以把它开着, 如果不用就把它关掉！
② I might be away next week. If so, I won’t be able to see you.
_____________________________________________________
下个星期我可能外出。如果这样的话, 我就见不到你了。
③ If necessary, luggage can be left in the charge of the porter.
_____________________________________________
如果必要的话, 行李可以留着由搬运工人负责。
归纳拓展
（1）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it, 且谓语动词为be动词时, 则可以省去其主语和be动词。
（2）if构成的省略形式：
如果不这样的话, 不然(表示否定意义) _________
如果这样的话(表示肯定意义) ________
如果有的话 _________
如果有过或发生过的话 __________
如果有必要/可能的话 ________________________
if not
if so
if any
if ever
if necessary/possible
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Are you ready If _____ , let’s set off at once.
so
② She wants to go with us, _____ possible.
if
（2） 句型转换
③Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if there are any.
→Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, _________ .
④I’ll go if you are going. If you aren’t going, I’d rather stay at home.
→I’ll go if you are going. _________ , I’d rather stay at home.
if any
If not
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. He is developing a robot called “Moose” in opposition to _____________ (人工的) intelligence.
artificial
2. Like mad scientists, they fail because they have not filled their creations with ___________ (人性).
humanity
3. She went into one of the best shops in town and explained her problems to one of the helpful _____________ (助手).
assistants
susceptible
4. Please note that e-mails are ______________ (易受影响的) to change.
5. Sometimes, those who came to the rescue took out their cellphones, recorded the scene, and then approached the __________ (受害者).
victims
6. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, ______________ (潜在地) causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
potentially
capacity
7. My definition of happiness is “the ___________ (能力) for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are.
analysed1
regulated1
10. Identity theft is a crime in which your personal information is stolen by someone and is used in the __________ (非法的)way.
illegal
9. Accidents sometimes happen even in the best ____________ (管理) families.
8. A new study ___________ (分析) information and found that the nearer they lived to the coast, the more likely people were to report good health within the past year.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in contrast, speak of, think about, be capable of, thanks to, hang out, be based on, be susceptible to, on the whole, at risk
1. ____________ advanced technology, we live in a more advanced era of communication.
Thanks to
2. ______________ , when given alone, its effect on blood pressure is neither striking nor constant.
In contrast
speaking of
3. When we are ______________ experience, time is taken into account.
hang out
4. We often ___________ with our friends.
is based on
5. Theory ______________ practice and in turn serves practice.
6. In the meantime they do low-paid work and _____________________ unemployment during recessions in the economy.
are susceptible to
7. You have made a few pronunciation mistakes in your oral exam, but _______________ , it is fairly good.
on the whole
thought about
8. I never ________________ going on TV shows until I was in junior high school!
are capable of
9. You _________________ better work than this.
at risk
10. Lack of sleep could put the birds’ health __________ .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Is artificial intelligence the greatest human achievement or the biggest threat to our 1. ____________ (exist) People in the Technology of Tomorrow Forum have different views. Millenniumbutterfly thinks that his daily life is more 2. _____________ (convenience) with the advance of artificial intelligence. For example, he has got his super-smart personal assistant 3. ________ (build) into his phone. The assistant answers any question he puts to her 4.______________ (immediate) and even uses his answers to learn more about his preferences.
existence
convenient
built
immediately
He hopes that more breakthroughs in AI 5._______________ (make)soon so that people can enjoy more and more benefits. Popkid admits that more advanced AI could be helpful in 6. __________ (solve) the world’s problems, 7.______ there is a high level of risk involved. Actually, none of us 8. ______________ (prepare) for the challenges of AI. In Pink_haze’s opinion, people all need to coexist 9. _______ AI technology whether they like it or not. We have no choice but to embrace and regulate 10._____.
will be made
solving
but
is prepared
with
it
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1. Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South Africa ____________ （illegal）.
illegally
2. In our days none but __________ （moral）or silly people can live without principles.
immoral
3. You can upload your statistics to an online training log where you can __________________ （explanation） your performance after the game.
analyze/analyse
personal
4. From ___________ （person） experience, I can say that each of us is capable of making a difference.
5. If a student is found cheating at the exam, he will be punished ______________ （immediate）.
immediately
preference
6. I have a _____________ （prefer） for the e-book, because it is very convenient for people who want to read books.
7. He seated himself at the table in order to write the letter of _________________ （recommend）.
recommendation
8. The key is that parents should encourage their children to deal with problems ________________ （independent）.
independently
inconvenience
9. I’m sorry to have caused you so much ________________ （convenience）.
solution
10. It is possible for us to work out a ___________ （solve） by ourselves.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
in contrast to, hang out, be susceptible to, so far, agree on, wipe out
1. Many fashionable young people go to the newly opened supermarket to shop, or just have a walk leisurely. ___________
hang out
2. It turns out that students are very likely to be influenced by the environment. _____________________
are susceptible to
3. We both have a moral as well as economic obligation to get rid of this extreme hunger in the next 20 years. ___________
wipe out
4. Researchers point out that they have studied many samples up to now. _________
so far
5. One thing that all parts of the country approve is that they want a united and independent country. ___________
agree on
6. Compared with their management system and operation mode, ours seem very old-fashioned. _________________
In contrast to
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 透明的动物让光穿透它们的身体, 就像光透过窗户一样。（the same way）
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies _____________________________________________ .
the same way light passes through a window
2. 在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。（强调谓语动词）
We ___________ help in those days.
did need
3. 他可能很忙, 要是这样, 我一会儿再来拜访。要是不忙, 我现在可以见他吗？
He may be busy. ________ , I’ll visit later. _________ , can I see him now
If so
If not
4. 和另外15万人一起在雨中跳舞怎么样 （what about）
_____________________ in the rain with one hundred and fifty thousand other people
What about dancing
5. 她别无选择, 只能捍卫自己的权利。（choice）
She _______________________ stand up for her rights.
had no choice but to
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2021湖北十堰高二期末]
The entire tech world is debating the consequences of artificial intelligence and the part AI is going to play in shaping our future. While we might think that artificial intelligence is at least a few years away from causing any considerable effects on our lives, the fact remains that it is already having a large impact on us. Artificial intelligence is affecting our decisions and our lifestyles every day.
Smartphones have become the most indispensable tech product that we own today and we use it almost all the time. Well, if you are using a smartphone, you are interacting with AI whether you know it or not. AI is impacting our lives every day. In fact, when we are only using a feature such as the portrait mode effect while shooting a picture, we never consider that AI might be behind that too.
Talking about the AI, there is no better display of this technology than what smart cars are doing with it.
Just a few years back, using a fully automatic car was a dream. However, now companies like Tesla have made so much progress that we have automatic cars on the road. Tesla cars are a good example of how the AI is impacting our daily life. Do you know that all the Tesla cars are connected and the things that your car learns are shared across all the cars With autonomous cars running on our roads, you won’t be able to deny the impact of AI on our lives.
If you are thinking that smart cars don’t personally affect you as they are still not in your country or city, well, how about something you use on a daily basis. If you are using social media, most of your decisions are being impacted by artificial intelligence. The music and media streaming services that we are using on a daily basis are also another great example of how AI impacts our lives. Actually, AI is playing a big role in our life.
1. What influence does artificial intelligence have on daily life ( )
A. It makes a difference to the way of living.
B. It has increased the cost of living.
C. It has already helped slow down the life.
D. It makes no difference at all.
A
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能已经对我们的生活产生了重大影响。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的Artificial intelligence is affecting our decisions and our lifestyles every day. 可知, 人工智能每天都在影响我们的决定和生活方式。由此可以看出, 人工智能影响日常的生活方式。故选A。
2. What does the underlined word “indispensable” in Paragraph 2 mean ( )
A. Disappointing. B. Special.
C. Sensitive. D. Necessary.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的we use it almost all the time可知, 我们几乎一直在使用智能手机, 由此可以推测出indispensable意为“必要的”。故选D。
3. Which are good examples of how AI impacts lives ( )
A. Smartphones and cameras.
B. Smart cars and social media.
C. Automatic cars and public services.
D. Social media and musical instruments.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第三段中的Talking about the AI, there is no better display of this technology than what smart cars are doing with it. 可知, 说到人工智能, 智能汽车是最好的展示。
再根据第四段中的If you are using social media, most of your decisions are being impacted by artificial intelligence. 可知, 如果你在使用社交媒体, 你的大多数决定都会受到人工智能的影响。
由此可以看出, 智能汽车和社交媒体是人工智能影响生活的好例子。
故选B。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text ( )
A. Artificial Intelligence in Theories
B. Artificial Intelligence in Daily Life
C. Artificial Intelligence in the Future
D. Artificial Intelligence in Industrial Development
B
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的Artificial intelligence is affecting our decisions and our lifestyles every day. 可知, 人工智能每天都在影响我们的决定和生活方式。再根据最后一段中的Actually, AI is playing a big role in our life. 可知, 实际上, 人工智能在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。再结合全文内容可知, 本文都在介绍人工智能对生活的影响, 所以文章的合适标题是“日常生活中的人工智能”。故选B。
Ⅱ. 七选五
[2021山东省新泰第一中学高一下期中]
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 1._______ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
1. Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious. 2._______ Ask kids, “What ingredients （配料）can we add to make these pancakes even better next time ” and then try them out. Ingredients make the pancakes better What could we try next time
E
B
2. Creativity
True creativity is the ability to use something existing to create something new. 3._______ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.
C
3. Interpersonal skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We
know what’s going on inside our own head, but what about others Being able to read people helps prevent kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 4._______ “Why do you think she’s crying ” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face ” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel ”
G
4. Self expression
5._______ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas-music, acting, drawing, building, photography, etc. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
F
A. And we can’t forget science education.
B. Encourage kids to cook with you.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
E. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist
F. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
G. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
E
1. ___
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文为一篇说明文, 主要从四个方面说明了父母该如何帮助孩子为未来的工作做准备。
【解题思路】根据空后句“By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.”可知, 空后句表达通过帮助他们发展无论未来如何都能很好地为他们服务的经典技能。由此可知, 本句应当是提出“如何帮助孩子为还不存在的工作做准备”的疑问, 空后句来回答这一疑问。选项E符合上下文语境。故选E。
2. ____
B
[解析] 【解题思路】根据空后句“Ask kids, ‘What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time ’”可知, 本段建议鼓励孩子和自己一起做饭。选项B“鼓励孩子和你一起做饭”符合上下文语境。故选B。
3. ____
C
[解析] 【解题思路】根据上文“True creativity is the ability to use something existing to create something new.”可知, 上文表达可以用已存在的东西创造新东西。选项C“我们可以给孩子们机会用新的方式思考材料”符合上下文语境。故选C。
4. ____
G
[解析] 【解题思路】根据下文“‘Why do you think she’s crying ’‘Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face ’‘If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel ’”可知, 下文表达通过问一些问题, 来让孩子理解别人的感受。选项G“我们可以在现实生活中这样做, 或者问一些关于故事中的人物的问题”符合上下文语境。故选G。
5. ____
F
[解析] 【解题思路】根据空后句“There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas-music, acting, drawing, building, photography, etc.”可知, 本段介绍的是教会孩子如何用有意义的方式来表达自己的想法。选项F“能够以有意义的方式交流想法是一种宝贵的技能”符合上下文语境。故选F。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
My son Leon’s passion for surfing began at the age of 13, and he would go out to surf each day. One afternoon, the lifeguard called and said Leon’s face was badly 1 by his board.
He 2 26 stitches (缝合针) from the corner of his eye to the bridge of his nose. I 3 , telling him how 4 I felt about not being there when he was hurt.
“It’s okay, Mom,” he 5 me. “You don’t know how to surf anyway.”
“What ” I asked, 6 by his logic.
“I’ll be fine. The doctor says I can surf again in eight days.”
I wanted to tell him he wasn’t 7 to surf again until he was 20, but instead I bit my 8 and hoped he would 9 about surfing.
However, for the next seven days he kept 10 me to let him surf again. One day after I had 11 “No” to him for the 100th time, he 12 me at my own game.
“Mom, you taught us never to 13 what we love.” I gave in.
Back then Leon was just a boy with a 14 for surfing. Now he’s a man 15 among the top 25 professional surfers in the world.
1. ( )A. attracted B. injured
C. accompanied D. attacked
B
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者的儿子在冲浪时面部受了重伤, 作者不允许儿子再去冲浪, 但是因为儿子对爱好的坚持, 现在他是世界上排名前25的职业冲浪者之一。
【解题思路】考查动词。结合下文26 stitches(缝合针) from the corner of his eye to the bridge of his nose可知, Leon的面部受伤了, 缝了26针。故选B。
2. ( )A. applied B. added C. received D. made
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。结合下文26 stitches(缝合针) from the corner of his eye to the bridge of his nose可知, 此处指Leon从眼角到鼻梁接受了26针伤口的缝合。故选C。
3. ( )A. cried B. hesitated C. complained D. mentioned
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。儿子受了这么严重的伤, 作者作为母亲肯定伤心地哭了。故选A。
4. ( )A. excited B. calm C. angry D. awful
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查形容词。结合下文I felt about not being there when he was hurt可知, 儿子受伤时自己不在身边, 作者感到难过。故选D。
5. ( )A. opposed B. challenged C. comforted D. laughed at
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。根据上文“It’s okay, Mom,”可知, 儿子受了伤还说没事, 以此来安慰作者。故选C。
6. ( )A. confused B. inspired
C. frightened D. persuaded
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。根据上文“You don’t know how to surf anyway.”可知, 作者担心儿子, 儿子却说作者不懂冲浪, 所以作者被儿子的逻辑弄糊涂了。故选A。
7. ( )A. doubted B. invited C. limited D. allowed
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文to surf again until he was 20可知, 此处是指在他20岁之前, 不允许他再去冲浪。故选D。
8. ( )A. hand B. tongue C. finger D. leg
B
[解析] 【解题思路】考查名词。此处考查短语bite one’s tongue, 表示“忍住不说话, 欲言又止”。故选B。
9. ( )A. argue B. think C. forget D. worry
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文about surfing可知, 作者希望儿子能忘掉去冲浪的事情。故选C。
10. ( )A. encouraging B. thanking
C. blaming D. pressing
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。结合下文me to let him surf again可知, 儿子一直在竭力劝说作者同意让自己再次去冲浪。故选D。
11. ( )A. lied B. repeated C. explained D. spread
B
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文“No” to him for the 100th time可知, 作者对儿子重复了很多次“不”。故选B。
12. ( )A. beat B. moved
C. won D. disappointed
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。结合下文儿子再次去冲浪了, 说明儿子在作者设立的游戏里打败了作者。故选A。
13. ( )A. make up B. put up
C. give up D. set up
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。A. make up编造; B. put up张贴, 提供; C. give up放弃; D. set up建立。儿子的坚持是因为作者教导自己不要放弃自己热爱的东西。故选C。
14. ( )A. anxiety B. proud
C. satisfaction D. passion
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查名词。根据上文“what we love”可知, 儿子热爱冲浪。故选D。
15. ( )A. ranking B. competing
C. surviving D. waiting
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文among the top 25 professional surfers in the world可知, 此处是指世界排名。故选A。(共93张PPT)
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
Section Ⅱ Using language
[主谓一致（2）]
1. （教材P41）...50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.
2. （教材P41）Every recommendation she gives me is great...
3. （教材P41）... almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.
4. （教材P41）...none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
5. （教材P41） A large number of clients have been attracted.
6. （教材P41） A recent example cited on the website is that one of the testing companies compares the talents of twins Bobby and Benny.
观察上面句子, 并分别分析主语与谓语动词的单复数形式：
1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________
与分数、百分数连用的时候, 谓语动词的单复数由后面修饰的名词决定。分数后面是不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
主语是“each/every+单数名词+and（each/every）+单数名词”时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
3. _______________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________
none of…结构后的谓语动词用单复数形式皆可, 但如果后面的名词是不可数名词, 谓语动词要用单数形式。
“a number of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词为复数形式。
“one of+名词复数或代词宾格（复数）”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
分数后面是可数名词复数作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
主谓一致（2）
主谓一致三原则, 即语法一致、意义一致（语言内容上一致）、就近一致。
主谓一致常考点
1. 单数名词（代词）、不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 复数名词（代词）作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football in the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2.“many a+单数名词”作主语, 意义虽为“许多”, 但谓语动词要用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3.“more than one+单数名词”作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时, 这些通常作一个整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 20磅并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
5. 主语是“each/every+单数名词+and （each/every）+单数名词”时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6.“one and a half+复数名词”作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式、动名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8.“a/an+单数名词+or two”作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分（主语是单数时）含有with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like等介词或介词短语时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 但“名词+as well as+名词”时, 谓语动词的数的形式一般应与第一个名词一致。
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生及老师出席了会议。
10. 当and连接的两个单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数形式, 但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词, 指的是同一个人或事物; a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词, 指两个人或事物。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。（作家和教师指同一个人）
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。（作家和老师是两个人）
A knife and fork is on the table. 一副刀叉在桌子上。
11. 不定代词somebody, someone, everyone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Is everyone here today？ 今天大家到齐了吗？
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
13. 以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义, 谓语动词通常用单数形式, 如news, maths, physics等。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
14. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数形式; 由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…, 连接两个名词或代词作主语时, 根据就近原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Either my wife or I am going. 不是我的妻子就是我要去。
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. 你、我和任何人都不知道答案。
Not only you but also he is ready to leave. 不仅你而且他也准备离开。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. I, who_____（be）your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
am
2. Few of his family ______（be）in support of him, which makes him very sad.
are
3. Listening to music ________（make）me relaxed after a busy day.
makes
4. The number of students in that school ______（have）greatly increased in recent years.
has
is
5. It is said that everybody _____（be）going to take part in the game this afternoon.
are
6. The rich ______（be）not always happier than the poor.
7. The factory used 65 per cent of the raw materials, the rest of which _______（be）saved for other purposes.
were
is
8. Fifty dollars _____（be）too expensive for the pen and you should think about it carefully.
is
9. Five minutes _____（be）not enough to finish this work.
are
10. Most of the workers ______（be）against the plan.
is
11. About 70 per cent of the earth’s surface _____covered （cover）with water.
are
12. The rest of the girls ______ （be）fond of music.
is
13. Each of the books _____（be）worth reading.
are
14. Both of the sisters ______（be） interested in medicine.
are
15. All ______（be） present at the meeting today.
is
16. All of the information _____（be）very important.
is/are
17. None of them _________（be） aware of the danger.
is
18. To read English aloud every morning _____（be）of great benefit to your English study.
has
19. What he said _______（have）been recorded.
are
20. The injured of this accident ______（be） being taken good care of in hospital now.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
[2020广东深圳市高级中学高二期中]
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The family who eats together
What’s the price of a family meal For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, “too much”. For instance, in the United States, 1.___________is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating
which
a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals 2.___________________（decrease） in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals 3.________________（they） have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes.
So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves 4.__________the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
themselves
what
has decreased
has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly 5._____________（share） family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study,6._______________（conduct） by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse （滥用） at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more
conducted
sharing
times a week are 7._________________（likely） to have problems with drugs and alcohol.
But those numbers, impressive 8._______________ they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure 9._____________ future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time.
as/though
against
less likely
The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable-but no less real-effects too. So often, 10.________ is at the family meal that the family as such-the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions-is made.
it
which
1. ________
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来, 在很多家庭中, 聚餐的次数下降, 但家庭聚餐有利于青少年的心理健康发展。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词是the United States, 关系代词在从句中作主语, 故填which。
2. ________________
has decreased
[解析] 考查时态与主谓一致。根据时间状语“over the last twenty years”可知, 该句的时态应该用现在完成时, 主语frequency是单数, 谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has decreased。
3. _____________
themselves
[解析] 考查反身代词。分析语境可知, 此处指用餐“本身”的时间缩短了, 应用反身代词themselves指代meals。故填themselves。
4. _______
what
[解析] 考查宾语从句。句意：因此, 也许我们最好问问我们自己, 不在一起吃饭的代价是什么。分析句子结构可知, 该空引导宾语从句, 从句中缺少表语, 再根据句意, 该空意为“什么”, 应用what引导该宾语从句。故填what。
5. __________
sharing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。report doing sth. 反映做某事。故填sharing。
6. ____________
conducted
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 该句谓语动词是found, conduct与逻辑主语Another study之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词形式作定语修饰Another study。故填conducted。
7. ______________
less likely
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。分析语境可知, 该空意为“更不可能（可能性更小）”, 形容词likely意为“可能的”, less likely意为“可能性更小”。故填less likely。
8. ____________
as/though
[解析] 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知, 该空所在从句是一个让步状语从句, impressive置于从句前, 作系动词seem的表语, 连词as/though都可引导让步状语从句。故填as/though。
9. __________
against
[解析] 考查介词。结合上文以及该空后的“future misfortune（未来不幸）”可知, 该空意为“反对”, 介词against意为“反对”, 与名词短语future misfortune构成介宾结构。故填against。
10. _____
it
[解析] 考查强调句。分析句子结构可知, 这是一个强调句, 被强调的部分是“at the family meal”, 强调句结构“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”。故填it。
1. assess v. 评价, 评定
Bobby was assessed and his talents were revealed to be mostly scientific... （教材P41）博比接受了评定, 他的才能大部分都被证明是科学的……
典例翻译
① The hurricane swept across the south-eastern coast of the country last week and damage was assessed at ten million dollars.
________________________________________________________________
上周, 飓风横扫这个国家东南海岸, 造成的损失估计为1,000万美元。
② They assessed the value of the house at 60,000 pounds.
_______________________________
他们估计这所房子值六万英镑。
③ Continuous assessment is made of all students’ work.
_____________________________________
对全体学生的功课作出连贯性的评定。
④ Only such a small event cannot test the assessment of his ability.
_____________________________________
只有这样一件小事不能评估他的能力。
归纳拓展
（1） 估计……价值为_____________
估价___________________
不公正地评价 unjustly assess
估算有误 wrongly assess
assess…at
assess the value
（2） assessment n. 评价; 评估; 评定
对某人能力的评估___________________________________
the assessment of one’s ability
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Her financial needs ________________（assess）at $ 1,800 a week.
were assessed
② They ________________（assess）the amount of compensation to be paid.
have assessed
③ Damage to the building was assessed _____ 40,000.
at
（2） 单句写作
④Ellen试图猜测她是怎么想的。
_________________________________________
Ellen tried to assess how she thought.
2. reckon v. 认为, 以为
I reckon that nanorobots that can eliminate cancerous cells are just around the corner. （教材P43）我认为, 能够消灭癌细胞的纳米机器人即将问世。
典例翻译
① I’m proud to reckon you among my friends.
_____________________________
我自豪地把你看作我的朋友。
② You can always reckon on Jim; he’ll never fail you.
_______________________________________
你总是可以相信吉姆, 他绝不会辜负你。
③ He was reckoned to have the greatest talent of this generation.
_______________________________________
他在这一代人中被公认为最具天赋的人。
④ I reckon on my parents’ assistance.
_______________________
我依赖我父母的协助。
⑤ We reckon to finish by ten.
_________________________
我们预计十点以前结束。
归纳拓展
认为……属于……之列 ________________
被普遍认为是……, 被看作…… ____________________
预计做…… _______________
指望/信赖/依靠…… _________________
reckon…among
be reckoned to do
reckon to do
reckon on/upon
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Children are ___________（reckon） to be more sophisticated nowadays.
reckoned
② We reckon ____________（arrive）in Hong Kong at night.
to arrive
（2） 单句写作
③我认为他很快就会来。
___________________________________
I reckon that he will come soon.
3. bank on依靠, 指望
Although I wouldn’t bank on patients feeling confident about seeing a robot doctor any time soon, I’m sure that AI doctors are on the horizon. （教材P43）虽然我不会指望病人们很快就会有信心随时去看机器人医生, 但我确信人工智能医生即将出现。
典例翻译
① You can always bank on me if you need money.
_______________________________
你要是需要钱可以永远依靠我。
② We shouldn’t count on getting their agreement.
_________________________________
我们不应指望会得到他们的同意。
③ He was banking on getting something to eat on the train.
_____________________________
他指望能在火车上吃些东西。
④ I’m banking on you to help me with the arrangements.
_____________________________
我要靠你帮忙安排这些事了。
归纳拓展
依靠/指望某人/某事 ___________________
指望做某事 _____________________
指望某人做某事 _________________________
count on 指望
bank on sb./sth.
bank on doing sth.
bank on sb. to do sth.
学以致用
单句填空
① We were banking on __________（know）the way to the park.
knowing
② I’m banking _____your help.
on
4. on the horizon 将要发生
Although I wouldn’t bank on patients feeling confident about seeing a robot doctor any time soon, I’m sure that AI doctors are on the horizon. （教材P43）虽然我不会指望病人们很快就会有信心随时去看机器人医生, 但我确信人工智能医生即将出现。
典例翻译
① There is trouble looming on the horizon.
_______________
快要出事了。
② The sun rose above the horizon.
_______________________
太阳升到地平线上了。
③ This series of talks is intended to broaden our horizons.
_________________________________________
这一系列讲座的目的在于扩展我们的见识。
④ The setting sun disappeared below the horizon.
_______________________
落日消失在地平线下。
归纳拓展
horizon n. 范围, 眼界
在地平线上/下 __________________________
开阔某人的眼界 __________________________
above/below the horizon
broaden one’s horizons
学以致用
完成句子
① 旅行可以开阔人的眼界。
Travel can __________________________.
broaden one’s horizons
② 她想旅行以开阔她的眼界。
She wanted to travel to _______________________.
broaden her horizons
③ 公司现在需要开拓新的领域。
The company _____________________ now.
needs new horizons
5. be bound to 很有可能, 肯定会
Some of these ideas may sound far ahead of their time, but I’m sure they’re bound to happen sooner or later! （教材P43）这其中一些想法可能听起来远远超前于它们的时代, 但我相信它们迟早会发生！
典例翻译
① He is bound to be nervous on the stage.
_________________________
他在舞台上一定会紧张。
② You’re bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.
_____________________________________
按照合同规定, 你必须在月底前付款。
③ The doctor is too bound up in his work.
_____________________
这位医生工作太忙。
④ From that moment my life became inextricably bound up with hers.
___________________________________________
从那时起, 我的生命就和她结下了不解之缘。
⑤ It is beyond the bounds of human knowledge.
___________________________
它超越了人类知识的范围。
归纳拓展
（1） bound adj. 一定会; 有义务的; 受约束的
受某物/某事约束（而必须做某事） __________________________________
忙于某事（而无暇顾及其他） ______________________
与……息息相关___________________
be bound by sth. （to do sth.）
be bound up in sth.
be bound up with
（2） bound n. 跳跃; 范围
超出……的范围_______________________
beyond the bounds of
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The foundation is bound _____ the treaty to help any nation that requests aid.
by
② He was too bound _____ in his own problems to listen to mine.
up
③ Mark’s problems are all bound up _______ his mother’s death when he was ten.
with
（2） 单句写作
④只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃, 我们一定会取得成功。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
So long as we hold on to our dream and never give up, we are bound to achieve success.
when it comes to… 当谈到/涉及……
I think it’s also fair to say that we can get our hopes up when it comes to finding cures for serious diseases, such as cancer. （教材P43）我认为, 公平地说, 在寻找治疗癌症等严重疾病的方法方面, 我们也可以满怀希望。
典例翻译
① I know little about music, but when it comes to rap, I am familiar with it.
_____________________________________________________
我对音乐了解甚少, 但是谈及说唱音乐, 我却非常了解。
② I believe I have the talent to make it.
_____________________________
我相信我有获得成功的才干。
③ When it comes to speaking in public, no one can match him.
_______________________________________
谈及在公共场合讲话, 没人能比得上他。
归纳拓展
when it comes to…表示“当谈到/涉及……”, 其中it无具体意义, 只起担任主语的作用; to是介词, 后接名词、代词或动名词。
下列结构中的it均无明确的指代关系, 也无明确的意义：
别着急 take it easy
做到; 办成; 成功__________
一决雌雄 fight it out
明白了 get it
make it
学以致用
完成句子
① You come first. _________（明白了）
Get it
② Even if it is tough,_______________（放松点）.
take it easy
③ After a tiring trip, we __________（成功） to the destination.
made it
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. It is safe to assume that growth rate is under __________（gene） control.
genetic
2. No matter how _____________ （attract） they look in the store, once I get them home, they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.
attractive
3. The programme is growing fast, and many people have been quite _____________ （success） in it.
successful
evidence
scientist
5. Few people guessed that he was to be a famous ____________（science） whose theories would change the world.
prevention
6. There is no cure for identity theft except _____________（prevent）.
4. Some of the___________（evident） they produced was highly suspected.
dangerous
7. It’s ____________ （danger） to work on the construction site without a safety helmet.
Excited
8. __________（excite） fans who wanted to see the singing star were waiting on both sides of the street.
developments
9. They believe that there are transport _______________（develop） around the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.
comfortable
10. Please make yourself ______________（comfort） while I get some coffee.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
be bound to, meet demand, sooner or later, cure, bank on, on the horizon, cite, assess
1. There is no drug _________________ that will make this disease easier to treat.
on the horizon
2. At present everyone ________________ an economic rebound（反弹） to help ease the state’s financial problems.
is banking on
3. When people strive collectively for their nation, the country ______________step towards prosperity.
is bound to
assess
4. We need to _________ all risks to determine if the projects are within acceptable levels of risk.
5. Scientists estimate that between 8% and 10% of African elephants are slaughtered（屠杀） each year to ______________.
meet demand
cure
6. Doctors have been searching for a ________for cancer to release the pains of patients.
7. Those who think they have no time for bodily exercise will __________________ have to find time for illness.
sooner or later
cited
8. The lawyer ________ a previous case to support his argument in the court.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 学生们及其老师都不喜欢篮球吗？
__________________________________________dislike basketball
Do either the students or their teacher
2. 她和我都不幸地未能获得附加分。
________________________fortunate enough to gain extra points.
Neither she nor I was
3. 20千米他们是吃不消的。
20 kilometres ______________ for them.
is too much
4. 房间里有一张课桌、两把椅子和三张沙发。
__________________ , two chairs and three sofas in the room.
There is a desk
5. 一群学生在打扫街道。
A group of students __________________________.
are cleaning the street
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
[2021山东烟台高二期中]
An airline passenger ensured a 20-year-old man was reunited with his lost wallet-along with a little extra something to make up for their time apart.
Hunter Shamatt first lost his wallet while he was on a Frontier Airlines flight from Omaha to attend his sister’s wedding in Las Vegas earlier this month.
On realizing his wallet was lost, he contacted the airline to see if anyone had turned it in-but to no avail. Since the wallet contained his ID, a signed paycheck, his debit card and $ 60 in cash, he “feared the worst”.
Shortly after the flight, however, Hunter was shocked to receive a package in the mail from an unknown sender. Inside was his wallet-along with an additional $ 40 in cash.
“Found this on a Frontier flight from Omaha to Denver-row 12,
seat F stuck between the seat and wall,” read a letter in the package. “Thought you might want it back. All the best. PS: I rounded your cash up to an even $ 100 so you could celebrate getting your wallet back. Have fun!”
Hunter’s mother, Jeannie, posted a photo of the letter to social media in hopes that they would be able to track down the sender and thank him for his kindness. All they had to go on was that the letter was sent from Applied Underwriters in Omaha and the sender’s initials were signed: “T. B”.
The Good Man was later identified as Todd Brown, a father-of-five who was delighted at the chance to “have a little fun” with helping out a hard-working stranger. Brown says that he often tries to do good deeds without any recognition, thus this is why he didn’t sign his full name on the letter, but Jeannie later insisted on praising the Nebraska native on social media.
“I try to teach my children to do the right things in life, help people when you can despite the outcome,” she wrote on Facebook. “This story is more about restoring faith in people than anything”.
1. What does the underlined word “to no avail” in Paragraph 2 mean ( )
A. Under discussion. B. In vain.
C. Beyond belief. D. At a loss.
B
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Hunter在一次乘坐飞机时, 丢失了自己的钱包, 联系航空公司也没有找到, 后来却收到了一个未知寄件人的包裹, 里面有Hunter的钱包, 还有另外的40美元现金。他的母亲在社交媒体上发布了包裹的信息, 希望找到这个好心人, 最后找到了热心的寄件人Todd Brown。
【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据第三段内容可知, 然而, 在这次飞行后不久, Hunter震惊地收到了一个来自未知寄件人的包裹。里面是他的钱包, 还有另外的40美元现金。由此可知, 当Hunter意识到自己的钱包丢失时, 联系了航空公司但钱包没有找到, 是不久之后有人寄给他的。画线短语意思为“徒劳地”。A. Under discussion. 正在讨论中; B. In vain. 徒劳, 无效; C. Beyond belief. 难以置信; D. At a loss. 茫然。故选B项。
2. Why did Jeannie upload a picture of the letter to social media ( )
A. To throw light on the truth.
B. To draw attention to Hunter’s lost wallet.
C. To find out the sender to express gratitude.
D. To sing high praise for the sender’s generosity.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第五段内容可知, Hunter的母亲Jeannie在社交媒体上发布了这封信的照片, 希望他们能找到寄件人, 并感谢他的好意。由此可知, Jeannie把这封信的照片上传到社交媒体上是为了找出寄件人, 并表达感激。故选C项。
3. Which of the following best describes Brown ( )
A. Innocent. B. Warm-hearted.
C. Romantic. D. Easy-going.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据倒数第二段中的Brown says that he often tries to do good deeds without any recognition可知, Brown说, 他经常试图做一些没有得到任何认可的好事, 由此可推知, Brown是个热心的人。故选B项。
4. What’s the best title for the text ( )
A. Hunter Shamatt-a Lucky Man
B. Young Passenger Reunites with Sister
C. Helping Needy People Is a Great Virtue
D. Stranger Returns Lost Wallet with More Cash Inside
D
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第一段An airline passenger ensured a 20-year-old man was reunited with his lost wallet-along with a little extra something to make up for their
time apart. 可知, 一名航空乘客帮助一名20岁的男子找回了丢失的钱包, 还捎带了一些额外的东西来弥补他们分开的时间。由此可知, 选项D“陌生人归还丢失的钱包, 里面有更多的现金”最适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。
B
[2020辽宁沈阳高一下期末]
We often think of future. We often wonder what the world will be like in a hundred years.
Think of space, perhaps a permanent （永久的） station on the moon will have been set up. Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as tourists. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, permitting long journeys throughout the solar system （太阳系）. When that time comes, people will be taking holidays in space and visiting other planets.
Great progress will have been made in medicine, too. Perhaps a cure will have been discovered for the most terrible of all diseases （疾病）—cancer. Pollution is a problem we must solve. In a hundred years it will have been controlled.
The world will have been developed-even the Antarctic. There will be large cities in the Antarctic. We already have supersonic （超音速的） flight, but in a hundred years we will have supersonic land travel as well.
We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, so floating cities will have been built. The Japanese already have plans for cities of this kind. And there will be cities under the sea. The first of these will have been completed.
5. What will we have developed in a hundred years, permitting long journeys all over the solar system ( )
A. Cheap rockets for space travel.
B. A plane.
C. A spaceship.
D. A satellite.
A
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文为一篇说明文, 介绍了一百年后人类生活的世界会是什么样子。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段第三句“Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, permitting long journeys throughout the solar system.”可知, 人类将研制出用于太空旅行的廉价火箭, 允许在整个太阳系进行长途旅行。故选A。
6. When will man also have supersonic land travel ( )
A. In a year. B. About half a century later.
C. In the year 2005. D. About a century later.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段第三句“We already have supersonic（超音速的） flight, but in a hundred years we will have supersonic land travel as well.”可知, 人类已经有了超音速飞机, 但再过一百年, 我们也会有超音速陆地旅行。故选D。
7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ( )
A. There must be a permanent station on the moon in the future.
B. There will be no pollution in the future.
C. There is no cities in the Antarctic now.
D. We may find a treatment for cancer in the future.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的“Great progress will have been made in medicine, too. Perhaps a cure will have been discovered for the most terrible of all diseases（疾病）—cancer.”可知, 医学也将取得巨大的进步, 也许会发现一种治疗所有疾病中最可怕的疾病——癌症的方法。故选D。
8. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about ( )
A. We’ll make good use of space on the earth.
B. Cities under the sea.
C. Japan will first build floating cities.
D. The earth’s land is in danger.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, so floating cities will have been built. …And there will be
cities under the sea.”可知, 人类将会用尽地球上的大部分土地来建造城市, 在将来会出现 floating cities（漂浮城市）和cities under the sea（海底城市）。因此, 这一段是关于未来人类如何充分利用地球上的空间的。故选A。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
[2021甘肃兰州高一期末] A
A blind boy sat on the steps of a building 1._________a hat by his feet. He held up a sign 2.________________said: “I am blind; please help.” There were only a few coins in the hat.
A man was walking by. He took a few coins from his pocket and 3.____________（drop） them into the hat. He then took the sign, turned it around, and wrote some words. He put the sign back so that everyone 4.____________（walk） by would see the new words.
with
which/that
dropped
walking
Soon the hat began to fill up. A lot 5._________（many） people were giving money to the blind boy. That afternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see how things were. The boy recognized his footsteps and asked,“Were you 6.________one who changed my sign this morning What did you write ”
The man said, “I only wrote the 7.__________（true）. I said what you said, but in a different way.” I wrote: “Today is a beautiful day,8.________I cannot see it.”
the
truth
but
more
Both signs told people that the boy was blind. But the first sign simply said the boy was blind. The second sign told people that they were so lucky 9._________they were not blind. Should we be 10.______________（surprise) that the second sign was more effective
that
surprised
with
1. _______
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位路人修改了一位盲人男孩的求助牌后, 男孩得到了更多人的帮助的故事。
考查with的复合结构。“with+名词/代词+介词短语”结构通常在句中作状语。根据语境和空后的“a hat by his feet”可知, 此处填with, 表示男孩脚边放着一顶帽子的状态。故填with。
2. _____________
which/that
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导定语从句; 先行词“sign”指物, 故填which/that。
3. __________
dropped
[解析] 考查动词时态。“and”连接两个动词, 表示动作接连发生, 动词时态应保持一致, 再根据上文动词“took”可知, 此处时态应是一般过去时。故填dropped。
4. __________
walking
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据下文的谓语动词“would see”可知此处应填非谓语动词, walk与everyone之间是主动关系, 应该填现在分词作后置定语, 故填walking。
5. _______
more
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。对比上文“There were only a few coins in the hat.”和现在的情况“Soon the hat began to fill up. ”可知, 此处应填形容词比较级, a lot也修饰比较级, 故填more。
6. ______
the
[解析] 考查冠词。此处特指改写牌子标语的人。故填the。
7. ________
truth
[解析] 考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知, 此处是“the+名词”作动词wrote的宾语, 应将形容词true转换成名词truth, 故填truth。
8. ______
but
[解析] 考查连词。根据语境可知, 上下文是转折关系, 应用but表示前后的转折关系。故填but。
9. _______
that
[解析] 考查固定结构。根据语境和空前的形容词“lucky”可知, 此处应是“so…that…”结构, 引导结果状语从句。故填that。
10.____________
surprised
[解析] 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知, 此处是主系表结构, 形容词作表语, 修饰人用ed结尾的形容词, 表示“感到……的”, 故填surprised。
B
[2020浙江温州高二期中]
World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year 1.________the first Wednesday of March. It was started by the LitWorld. org website in 2010 and till now it 2._________________（reach) 65 countries. Its aim is to encourage people worldwide 3.______________cannot read to enjoy the benefits of a book. The website asks everyone to celebrate the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and 4._____________（read) out aloud.
on
has reached
that/who
reading
It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read belongs to all people.
The website asks 5.______________（visit) to join in the movement to reduce the number of illiterate (不识字的) people in the world. It is 6.________________（absolute) necessary to help those who cannot read. The website says, “It’s time to start by reading aloud to whoever might like it. Share a book with a child who might need 7.________, share a story with someone who would treasure it, and listen patiently to someone else’s story as they share it with you.”
visitors
absolutely
it
The United Nations says, “Literacy8.______________（involve) a variety of learning in enabling individuals 9.________________（achieve) their goals, to develop their knowledge, and to participate fully in society.” In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help make 10._______difference.
involves
to achieve
a
on
1. ___
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界朗读日的作用和意义。
考查介词的用法。在具体的某一天应用介词on。故填on。
2. ______________
has reached
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。上文till now表示“直到现在”, 是现在完成时的标志。空前为it, 故填 has reached。
3. ___________
that/who
[解析] 考查定语从句。先行词是people, 设空处在从句中作主语, 应该用that 或者 who引导定语从句。故填that/who。
4. __________
reading
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句中的taking、finding和空处是并列的, 作by的宾语。故填reading。
5. ___________
visitors
[解析] 考查名词的数。此处应用名词作asks的宾语。visitor是可数名词, 其前无限定词, 此处泛指多个访客, 故填visitors。
6. _____________
absolutely
[解析] 考查副词。necessary为形容词, 副词修饰形容词, 故填absolutely。
7. _____
it
[解析] 考查代词。本句中动词need后面需要加宾语, 宾语为a book, 为了避免重复, 用代词it指代。故填it。
8. ___________
involves
[解析] 考查动词时态。本句中主语为Literacy, 为第三人称单数, 同时本句是叙述性语句, 故用一般现在时, 故填involves。
9. _____________
to achieve
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。enable sb. to do sth. 表示“使某人能够做某事”。故填to achieve。
10. ____
a
[解析] 考查冠词。make a difference“起作用, 有影响”为固定短语。故填a。(共120张PPT)
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
教材原文 A Boy’s Best Friend Mr Anderson said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear ” “Out on the crater,” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive ” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, 教材译文
一个男孩最好的朋友
安德森先生说:“吉米在哪儿, 亲爱的 ”
“在外面火山口上,”安德森夫人说。
“罗布和他在一起。他到达了吗 ”“是的。它在火箭发射站经受测试。
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
going through the tests. I haven’t really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.” “Jimmy has never seen one,” said Mrs Anderson. “Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth. That’s why I’m bringing one here. I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.” 自从15年前离开地球以来, 我还没有真正看到过狗。”
“吉米从来没见过,”安德森夫人说。
“因为他出生在月球, 不能访问地球。那就是为什么我带一只狗来这里。我想这是第一只登上月球的小狗。”
续表
Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile. He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, 正如吉米的母亲所说, 吉米在外面的环形山上。他的胳膊和腿又长又灵活。穿上宇航服后, 他看上去更笨重、更胖, 但他能承受月球引力, 这是地球上出生的人做不到的。环形山外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。,
续表
续表
was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent. “Come on, Robutt,” he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him by radio, squeaked and bounded after. 倾斜很是平缓, 即使加上太空服的重量, 还是不能阻止吉米的身体跳着跃向山坡, 看上去就像重力似乎不存在一样。
“来吧, 罗布,”他喊道。罗布通过电波辨认出他的声音, 它尖叫着蹦蹦跳跳地跟在后面。
续表
Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock, 吉米, 他虽然是专家, 也无法超越不需要太空服的罗布, 它有四条腿和钢铁般的肌腱。只要有罗布在周围, 吉米就不会出错, 当吉米太靠近岩石时就拦住他, 或跳到他身上显示它是多么爱他, 它会绕着圈子, 发出低低的吱吱声, 使人害怕,
续表
when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was. He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength. “Jimmy, come back. I have something to tell you.” Mr Anderson was smiling. “We have something for you, Jimmy. It’s at the rocket station now, but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.” 无论什么时候, 罗布都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
他在自己的私人波段听到了父亲的声音：“吉米, 回来。我有事要告诉你。”
安德森先生笑了,“我们有东西要给你, 吉米。它现在在火箭发射站, 但是我们明天所有的测试结束后就可以拿到它了。”
续表
“From Earth, Dad ” “A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won’t need Robutt any more. We can’t keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. “来自地球, 爸爸 ”
“一只来自地球的狗, 儿子。第一只登上月球的狗。你再也不需要罗布了。我们不能把它们两个都留下, 其他的男孩或女孩会有罗布。”他似乎在等吉米说什么, 然后他说:“吉米, 你知道狗是什么。狗是有生命的。
Robutt’s only a mechanical imitation, a robot-mutt. That’s how he got his name.” Jimmy frowned. “Robutt isn’t an imitation, Dad.” “Robutt’s just steel and wiring and a simple positronic brain.” “He does everything I want him to do, Dad. He understands me.” 罗布只是一个机械的仿制品, 一只机器狗。那就是它的名字的由来。”
吉米皱起了眉头。“爸爸, 罗布不是仿制品。”
“罗布只有钢铁、电线和一个简单的电子大脑。”
“爸爸, 我要它做什么它就做什么。它懂我。”
续表
续表
“No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It’s just programmed to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You’ll see the difference once he gets here.” Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound. “不, 儿子。罗布只是一台机器。它只是按照自己的方式运行。狗是活着的。一旦它到这儿, 你会看到这种差别。”
吉米看着罗布, 它又在吱吱叫了, 那是一种很低很慢的吱吱声, 似乎受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂, 罗布一下子就跳了进去。
Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog ” “It’s hard to explain, ” said Mr Anderson, “but it will be easy to see. The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.” 吉米说:“罗布和那只狗有什么不同 ”
“这很难解释,”安德森先生表示,“但很容易看出来。狗狗会真的爱你。罗布只是做出调整, 表现得好像它也爱你一样。”
续表
“But, Dad, we don’t know what’s inside the dog, or what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, too.” Mr Anderson frowned. “Jimmy, you’ll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.” Jimmy held Robutt tightly. He was frowning, too, “但是, 爸爸, 我们不知道狗的内心是什么, 也不知道它的感受是什么。也许这只是演戏罢了。”
安德森皱起了眉头。“吉米, 你会知道的, 当你体验到对一个生物的爱时, 你会感到其中的不同。”
吉米紧紧地抱着罗布, 他也皱着眉头,
续表
and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference how they act How about how I feel I love Robutt and that’s what counts.” 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。他说,“但是它们的行为有什么不同呢 我的感觉如何 我爱罗布, 这才是重要的。”
续表
And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks-happy squeaks. (Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov) 小机器狗自诞生起从来没有被抓得这么紧过, 它吱吱叫得又高又快——快活的吱吱声。
(根据艾萨克·阿西莫夫写的《孩子最好的朋友》节选改编)
续表
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. ________/' d a l/adj.敏捷的, 灵活的→ __________/' d l /adv. 灵活地; 头脑敏捷地
agile
agilely
2. _____________/m 'k n kl/ adj.机械的→_______________/m 'k n kli/adv. 机械地; 呆板地; 物理上地→___________/m 'k n k/n.技工, 机修工
mechanical
mechanically
mechanic
3. ____________/ m 'te n/n.仿制品→__________/' m te t/vt. 模仿, 仿效; 仿制→____________/' m t t ve/adj. 模仿的; 仿制的
imitation
imitate
imitative
tightly
tight
4. __________/'ta tli/adv.紧紧地→________ /ta t/adj. 紧的; 严密的; 绷紧的→ __________ /'ta tn/v. 变紧; 使变紧
tighten
desperate
5. ____________ /'desp r t/adj.拼命的, 绝望的→______________/'desp r tli/adv. 拼命地; 绝望地; 极度地
desperately
faulty
fault
faultless
consistent
7. _____________/k n’s st nt/adj.一贯的, 一致的→_______________/k n’s st ntli/adv. 一贯地; 一致地; 坚实地
consistently
6. _________ /'f : lti/adj.有故障的, 有缺陷的→________/f : lt/n. 故障; 过错; 缺点; 毛病→ ____________/'f : ltl s/adj. 完美的; 无缺点的
southern
south
adjust
9. _________/ 'd st/vi.& vt. 适应, 习惯; 调整, 调节→ _____________/ 'd stm nt/n.调整, 调节; 适应→_____________/ 'd stble/adj.可调整的, 可调节的
adjustment
adjustable
exist
existence
existing
8. ___________/'s n/adj. 向南的; 南方的→ ________/sa θ/n. 南 adj.南方的 adv.向南, 朝南
10. ________ / g’z st/vi.存在; 生存→____________/ g’z st ns/n.存在; 生活→___________/ g’z st /adj.现有的, 现存的
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. 参加; 经受; 仔细检查; 通过 _____________
go through
2. 出毛病; 弄错; 发生故障 ___________
go wrong
3. 一直; 总是 _______________
all the time
4. 坚持, 维持; 伸出; 提供机会 ___________
hold out
5. 调节; 调整以适应 ____________
adjust to
6. change one’s mind _______________
某人改变主意
7. set out _________________________
出发; 开始; 陈述; 陈列
8. be consistent with _____________
与……一致
9. in shock _______
震惊
10. break down ___________________________________________
出故障; (计划等)失败; (身体、精神等)垮掉
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 though/as引导让步状语从句的倒装形式
教材原句 Jimmy,expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. 吉米, 他虽然是专家, 也无法超越不需要太空服的罗布, 它有四条腿和钢铁般的肌腱。
中文例句 虽然他一直在努力学习, 但他还是没有通过那次考试。
句式仿写 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hard as/though he had been working, he didn’t pass the
exam.
2.
句型公式 once引导状语从句
教材原句 You’ll see the differenceoncehe gets here. 一旦它到这儿, 你会看到这种差别。
中文例句 你一旦陷进深雪中, 那就很难出来。
句式仿写 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Once you’re stuck in deep snow, it’s difficult to get
out.
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. Who wanted to know where Jimmy was ( )
A. Mr Anderson. B. Mrs Anderson.
C. Robutt. D. A Moon-born man.
A
2. What made Jimmy look very fat ( )
A. The crater. B. The spacesuit.
C. The lunar gravity. D. The Earth.
B
3. Why did Robutt run faster than Jimmy ( )
A. Because it could rolled around.
B. Because it knew well about the race.
C. Because it didn’t need a spacesuit.
D. Because it was born on the moon.
C
4. What was Robutt actually according to the passage ( )
A. A dog from the Earth. B. A man from the Earth.
C. A robot like a human. D. A little robot dog.
D
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是“续写故事”, 落实了“Listening and Speaking”的交际功能, 使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实。续写故事, 对于已经有了一定学习基础的本阶段的学生来说, 是大开脑洞、激发思维、创新写作的机会。
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合、综合考查学生语言表达能力、思维以及创新能力的有效题型。
1. 续写内容虽然没有明确的限制, 但在形式上设置了两个方面的限制：一是词数方面, 所续写的词数应为150左右; 二是续写方面, 分两段, 每段开头语已写好, 在方向上对续写内容进行了一定的限制;
2. 续写所给的段落开头语均对故事的发展有提示、衔接、引导和限制作用;
3. 续写时要注意站在作者的角度, 保持原作语言风格和写作思路, 内容导向要积极向上, 尽量把事物美好的一面展现给读者。
阅读下面短文, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul,
my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guest room of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm,” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens,
while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don’t be late for supper,” Uncle Paul cried. “And keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!”
“OK!” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colours of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.__
We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.__
【审题谋篇】
Who I, Dad, Uncle Paul, Tina, Ryan and Kyle
When an afternoon in summer
Where in the mountains of the Wild West
What So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains.
How After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
Why I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride…
【预设情节】
1. Paragraph 1: 小兔子跳到马前。担心弄伤兔子, 作者竭力牵住马。（1） ___________________________。一切都太突然, 作者惊呆了。（2） _______________________ , 马才慢慢停了下来。等到下马时, 作者发现找不到原来的路, （3） _________________。
Paragraph 2: 天黑了下来, 又迷路了。又饿又累, 作者担心真的找不到回去的路。(4) ___________________________ 。父亲有点儿担心, 提醒作者保持冷静。听到了河的流水声, 作者想了想, (5)_______________________________ 。不久他们就看到了远处的灯光。他们安全了。这真是以前没有经历过的一个刺激的假期。
马开始惊慌失措地跑了起来
父亲告诉作者牵住缰绳
他们真的迷路了
作者大声喊叫, 但没有回应
觉得可以沿着河流找到
回去的路
【词汇储备】
1. 惊叫一声 ________________
let out a cry
2. 松手放开 ____________
let go of
3. 保持冷静 ____________
keep calm
4. 使我感到宽慰的是 _______________
to my relief
5. 从……跳下 ___________
jump off
6. 迷路 ___________
get lost
7. 不久 ______________
before long
8. 看见 _________________
catch sight of
【句型运用】
1. 我担心会伤害这个可爱的小动物。
____________________________________________________________
I was afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature.
2. 我不假思索地大叫一声让马停下来。
__________________________________________________
I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.
3. 但是, 在我们跳下马来之前, 我们发现我们已经偏离了走过的路, 迷失了方向。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost.
4. 我一直大声呼救, 但是没有回应。
____________________________________________________
I kept shouting for help, but there was no reply.
5. 我希望有人能听到我的叫声。
_______________________________________________
I hoped my shouts could be heard by someone.
【句式升级】
1. 用形容词作状语连接1和2。
Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I ________________________________________________
automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.
2. 用分词短语作状语连接4和5。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
I kept shouting for help, hoping my shouts could be heard by someone, but there was no reply.
【串句成文】
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse. However, it became scared and started to run like crazy. All this coming without warning, I was seized by fear. “Don’t let go of the rope! Keep calm!” yelled Dad. I followed what he told me to do. To my relief, it stopped slowly. But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost.
We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. I kept shouting for help, hoping my shouts could be heard by someone, but there was no reply. Dad sounded a little worried as he reminded me to keep calm. It was then that my mind raced. “Listen, Dad, the rushing river water,” I shouted excitedly. “We can return to the farm house down the river.” Before long, we caught sight of the lights in the distance. We knew we were safe. What a thrilling vacation we had, like never before!
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
eight-year-old Carol lived with her father David, Mother May and elder brother Rob. The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrounded with beautiful nature. The village was at the foot of a mountain, with beautiful views of the snowy mountain. The family survived on growing seasonal plants and trees. Their life was totally surrounded by nature and beauty.
While they lived a very happy life, Carol did not love the beautiful atmosphere of the village. She really wanted to move into the city and enjoy the city life. She wanted to shop, move around the city, watch movies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
However, there was hardly any chance that Carol’s family moved to the city as they had everything in the village.
One day, Carol fell asleep during the early noon and she had a sound sleep. Of course, she had a strange dream.
She saw her grandmother in her dream as a fairy and her deceased grandmother granted her a wish. Carol requested her that she should love to enjoy the city life as she always desired.
Grandmother understood the desire of Carol, but still wanted to convince her that the peaceful village life was better than the city life.
She told Carol, “Baby, you cannot have access to fresh fruits and vegetables from plants as you have at your home. You cannot breathe fresh air.
You cannot play with animals. You can hardly find any trees. You will not find peace as you see here! Do you still want to go to the city ”
Without hearing the concerns, Carol asked her grandmother to grant the wish. Grandmother granted her wish, but with a condition. Carol was told that she would only have 6 hours to spend in the city. Later, she would return to the village. Carol agreed.
注意: 续写词数应为 150 左右。
Carol then found herself in the city with her friends.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Carol and her friends went to watch movies. After that they ate delicious food in a restaurant and shopped in a huge mall. Carol was happy that she had the chance to experience the life in the city. Yet at the same time, she understood that everything told by her grandmother was true in the city. There was no peace and no silence; the city life was fast and busy. The air quality was not satisfying. She could hardly find any animal or even a tree.
Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
She recalled what happened just now in her dream and realized that her life in the village with her family was far more wonderful than the city life. Carol understood that she was having a more joyful life. She shared her dream with her family while enjoying the fresh fruits and vegetables, and they laughed together. Carol also developed love for plants, animals and beautiful nature.
[解析] 深度解析
确定故事要素
要素 内容
Who Carol, David, May, Rob, her late grandmother
When during the early noon
Where in the village
What Carol had a strange dream. She saw her grandmother as a fairy, who granted her the wish.
Why Carol really wanted to move into the city and enjoy the city life.
故事线索Clue a dream-desire—peaceful village life
开端Beginning The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrounded with beautiful nature. Carol was eager to live in the city.
发展Development Carol had a dream, where she saw her late grandmother. Her deceased grandmother as a fairy granted her a wish to enjoy the city life.
高潮Climax She would only have 6 hours to spend in the city.
结局Ending 续写部分
提取故事线索
续写情境推理
Para. 1: Carol then found herself in the city with her friends.
What did Carol want to do
She really wanted to move into the city and enjoy the city life. She wanted to shop, move around the city, watch movies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
(此处体现Carol对大城市的渴望。)
Para. 2: Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up.
1. Was the city life as beautiful as she wished
She realized that her life in the village with her family was far more wonderful than the city life. (续写故事要有积极向上的价值观, 体现积极的人生观, 所以要珍惜眼前的美好。)
2. What did Carol do after she woke up
She shared her dream with her family while enjoying the fresh fruits and vegetables, and they laughed together.
(依据所给材料, Carol对比她现有的生活, 发现了农村生活的安宁, 她和家人在农村更快乐。）
3. How did she live her life then Carol also developed love for plants, animals and beautiful nature.（最后段落要体现出Carol感受到大自然的美好并与之和谐相处。）
1. desperate adj.拼命的, 绝望的; 极渴望的; 危急的
He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. (教材P45)他也皱着眉头, 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。
典例翻译
① He’s desperate for money.
___________________
他极渴望得到钱。
② The sudden loss of his money made him desperate.
_______________________
突然丢钱使他很绝望。
③ Other women are desperate to get back to work.
___________________________
其他妇女都渴望恢复工作。
④ She looked desperately around for a weapon.
___________________________________
她在四下里找, 急于弄到一件武器。
归纳拓展
1. 极需某物; 极想要某物 ________________________
be desperate for sth.
2. 渴望做某事 __________________________
be desperate to do sth.
3. 绝望地; 不顾一切地; 拼命地adv.______________
desperately
4. feel/be desperate about 对……绝望
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① I felt desperate ________ my future.
about
② He was desperate ______ work to provide food for his children.
for
③ Even if you are desperate _________ （get）married, never let it show.
to get
（2） 完成句子
④ 他们渴望从农业转向工业, 而且他们极其需要这样做。
They ______________________________farming to industry, and they need to do it _________________ .
are desperate to shift from
so desperately
2. slope v.有坡度, 倾斜 n.斜坡, 倾斜
The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. (教材P44)环形山的外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。
典例翻译
① The town is built on a slope.
______________________
这个城镇建在斜坡上。
② Don’t think you can slope off just because my back’s turned.
_________________________________
别以为我转过身去你就可以溜掉。
③ The horses laboured up the steep slope.
___________________________
那些马费力地爬上了陡坡。
归纳拓展
（1） slope n. 斜坡; 倾斜
在斜坡上 _____________
缓/陡坡 _______________________
on a slope
a gentle/steep slope
（2） slope v. 有坡度, 倾斜
slope to 倾斜至
slope towards 向……倾斜
潜逃, 迅速走开 ____________
slope off
学以致用
单句填空
① Let’s slope ______ somewhere quiet and have a drink.
off
② The road slopes gradually _____ the village.
to
③ The hospital is _____ the eastward slope of the hill.
on
④ He spends all winter on the _________ (slope)( = skiing).
slopes
3. consistent adj. 一贯的, 一致的
Now make comments on your partner’s story and see whether the language style is consistent. (教材P47)现在对你同伴的故事进行评论, 看看语言风格是否一致。
典例翻译
① Once, we saw it was moving in a pattern consistent with an orbit.
_____________________________________________
有一次, 我们看到它以与轨道一致的方式移动。
② His words does not consist with facts.
_____________________
他的话与事实不符。
③ His breakfast consists of dry bread and a cup of tea.
_________________________________________
他的早餐由不涂黄油的面包和一杯茶组成。
④ Good service consists in punctuality and dependability.
_____________________________
良好的服务在于守时与可靠。
归纳拓展
（1） consistent adj. 一贯的
与……一致/符合的 _____________________
be consistent with
（2） consist v. 组成; 在于; 符合
由……组成 _____________
存在于…… _____________
和……一致 _______________
consist of
consist in
consist with
误区警示
consist of不用于被动语态和进行时。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① _____________ (consist) of two campuses, this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4,000 students and teachers.
Consisting
② True wealth does not consist in what we have but _____ what we are.
in
③ She’s not very _____________ (consist) in the way she treats her children.
consistent
（2） 句型转换
④ This report consists with what we have already known.
→This report _____________________ what we have already known.
is consistent with
4. hold out伸出
Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound. (教材P45)吉米伸出双臂, 罗布一下子就跳了进去。
典例翻译
① Doctors hold out little hope of her recovering.
_______________________________
医生对她的痊愈基本不抱希望。
② The operator asked the caller to hold on until a connection was made.
___________________________________________
接线员请打电话者不要挂断, 等候电话接通。
③ He was so impatient that I could hardly hold him back.
_________________________________
他是那样急躁, 我简直拉不住他。
④ How soon can you get hold of that young man
_________________________________
你什么时候才能找到那个年轻人呢
归纳拓展
1. 寄予(希望); 维持, 坚持 ___________
hold out
2. 阻挡; 控制(感情等) ____________
hold back
3. 别挂断(电话), 稍等; 握紧 __________
hold on
4. 抓住; 设法联系上 ______________
get hold of
5. hold up 耽搁, 阻碍
学以致用
（1） 用hold短语的正确形式填空
① When the writer arrived home and saw his mother, he couldn’t ____________ his tears.
hold back
② We can stay here for as long as our supplies ___________ .
hold out
③ Sorry, I’m late, but my train was __________ on the way.
held up
④ _____________ the seat in front when we go round the corner.
Hold on to
（2） 完成句子
⑤ [2020全国新高考, 阅读理解] 如果一个超重的人吃了很多, 我就会控制一点, 因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。
If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll __________________ because I see the results of his eating habits.
hold back a bit
1. This/That is/was why…这/那就是……的原因。
That’s why I’m bring one here. (教材P44)那就是为什么我带一个来这里。
典例翻译
① Tom was ill. That was why he came late for the meeting.
___________________________________
汤姆病了。那就是他开会迟到的原因。
② I think, this is why I’ve travelled thousands of miles.
_____________________________________
我想, 这就是我不远千里赶来的原因。
③ This is because there are many careless people.
___________________________
这是由于有很多粗心的人。
④ The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
_____________________________________________
每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。
归纳拓展
（1） 那/这就是为什么……(why引导的从句表示结果) __________________________________
That/This is/was why…
（2） 那/这是因为……(because引导的从句表示原因) ____________________________________________
That/This is/was because…
（3） ……的原因是…… ________________________________
The reason why…is/was that…
学以致用
1. 完成句子
① 汤姆开会迟到了。那是因为他没赶上公共汽车。Tom came late for the meeting. ___________________ he didn’t catch the bus.
That was because
② 汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。
The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was __________________ .
that he was ill
③ 这是因为植物可以用空气、水和阳光制造食物。
__________________ plants can make food from air, water and sunlight.
This is because
④ 我写这封信的原因是我有一个关于写作风格的问题。
_________________ I write this letter to you __________ I have a problem in respect of the writing style.
The reason why
is that
2. so that引导结果状语从句
The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which
was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. (教材P44)环形山的外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。
典例翻译
① Speak louder so that everybody can hear you.
_________________________________
大声点讲话, 让每个人都能听见。
② We arrived early in order that we got good seats.
_________________________________
为了占到好座位, 我们到得很早。
③ It was very cold, so that the river froze.
_______________________________
天气寒冷, 因此河水都结冰了。
④ He noted every detail so as to/in order to fix the scene in his mind.
_________________________________________
他注意到了每一个细节以便牢记这个场面。
归纳拓展
（1）so that“为了, 以便, 目的是”, 引导目的状语从句, 相当于in order that(为了)。从句中常常使用情态动词can/could、may/might、will/would等。so that引导的目的状语从句不能放于句首, 而in order that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首, 也可放在主句之后。
（2）当so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时, 从句可变为so as to或in order to的动词不定式短语。
（3）so that引导结果状语从句, 意为“因此, 所以”。
学以致用
（1） 完成句子
① 我将告诉你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
I will tell you all the facts ______________________________________ by yourself.
so that/in order that you can judge
② 为了准时赶到那里, 我们应该早些出发。
_________________________________ on time, we should set out early.
In order that we can get there
（2） 句型转换
③ He raised his voice to make himself heard.
= He raised his voice __________________________________________ .
= He raised his voice ____________________________________________________ .
so as to/in order to make himself heard
so that/in order that he could make himself heard
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. They said they found a fresh _________ (火山口)exactly where Mr. Stuart had photographed the bright light.
crater
2. At 20 years old he was not as strong, as fast, as _______ (灵活的) as he is now.
agile
3. My judgement was frequently _________ (有缺陷的), but my loyalty to the nation could not be questioned.
faulty
clues
4. I’ve been hoping we might turn up some ________ (线索)here.
slopes
5. The bank _________ (倾斜)down sharply to the river.
hop
6. The children had a competition to see who could ______ (跳跃)the fastest.
squeaked
7. As I came up in the elevator just now, it ___________ (发出吱吱声).
frowned
8. Jim __________ (皱眉)from time to time when he caught the curious glance of some strangers.
9. In other words, the wave has gained (or lost) half a ____________ (波长)in the process of reflection.
wavelength
consistent
10. Whatever the style, it should be _____________ (一贯的).
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
hold out, as though, in shock, have no choice but, go through, be bound to, bank on, on the horizon
1. She _______________ a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up.
went through
2. Everyone was ___________ . Some people were crying and no one really knew what was happening.
in shock
as though
3. He opened his lips ____________ he would say something to you or make some reply.
are bound to
4. We _______________ do what we can to help the disabled.
5. Seeing her son again after two years’ absence, the mother ___________ her arms to embrace him.
held out
on the horizon
6. More help is _________________ for China’s film industry.
banked on
7. I don’t know anything about luck. I’ve never ____________ it, and I’m afraid of people who do.
8. I _____________________ to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material attached to the letter.
have no choice but
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, 1. ________ was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was 2.___________ （bright） lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the 3._________ （weigh） of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.
Jimmy, expert 4. ____________ he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt,
which
brightly
weight
though/as
who didn’t need 5.____ spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong 6.________ Robutt was around, 7.___________ （trip） him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him 8.__________ （show） how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy 9.______ （hide） behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough 10.________ he was.
tripping
to show
hid
where
a
while
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1. In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the ____________ （imitate）, but he will feel comfortable in its presence.
imitation
2. If I had so ______________ （desperate） wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo.
desperately
3. However, engineers are still baffled by the complex problem, especially the ________________ （consistent） between theory and practice.
inconsistency
brightly
4. Red flags stand out ___________ （bright） against the blue sky.
simply
5. The most beautiful part of this journey is _________ （simple） returning to the peaceful feeling of being.
6. To his relief, a loud knock on the door spared him from giving an ______________ （explain）.
explanation
feelings
7. The real clue shows whether strong ___________ （feel） are positive or negative.
facilities
8. The hotel has a lot of special _____________ （facility）for welcoming disabled people.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
desperate, consistent with, around the corner, advance, make a big difference
1. We should apply the newest methods according to local conditions. ___________
advanced
2. The results are entirely the same as our earlier research on the project. Therefore, our method proves to be correct. __________________
consistent with
3. I heard sounds of a hopeless struggle in the next room last night. ____________
desperate
4. The smallest good habits can have a great influence. ________________________
make a big difference
5. The Spring Festival is drawing near. Have you had any plan for it ____________________
around the corner
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 直到做完我的家庭作业, 我才被允许玩电脑游戏。（强调句型）
_______________________________________________I was allowed to play computer games.
It was not until I finished my homework that
2. 你考试不及格的原因是你不珍惜你的时间。（the reason why…is that…）
__________________________________________ you don’t value your time.
The reason why you fail the exam is that
3. 进入小学后, 你会很快适应学生生活。（adjust）
You’ll quickly _____________________ the student life after you enter the primary school.
adjust yourself to
4. 他们需要搜索所有文档, 查找信息。
They need to ___________________________________ the information.
search all the documents to find
5. 让我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧, 这样它们吃起来会足够甜。（so that）
Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ____________________________________________ .
so that they get sweet enough to be eaten
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020山东潍坊期中]
Technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seem to occur on a daily basis, and yet we still have no cure for the common cold.
According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses. There are at least 160 types. They change so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs,
or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold.
However, researchers from Stanford University have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body. To identify the gene（基因） which produces the specific protein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene- editing technique to test all genes.
These modified (改变的) cells were then exposed to a range of viruses, including ones causing the common cold. All the viruses were unable to replicate (复制) inside cells without the gene that produces that specific protein.
Then, they tested genetically modified mice, which were completely unable to produce the protein. The mice were able to live normal lives without the protein. “Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection,” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC.
“These mice would always die, but they lived through and we saw a very strong reduction in copying viruses and very strong protection. We have identified a fantastic target that all cold viruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance.”
Carette said the plan was to find a drug which could temporarily control the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans.
1. Which of the following can best describe common cold viruses
( )
A. Severe and deadly. B. Mysterious and stubborn.
C. Diverse and changeable. D. Challenging and oversized.
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是, 尽管科学技术已经很先进, 但是人类没有治愈普通感冒的良药。斯坦福大学的研究人员发现了病毒传播需要一种蛋白质, 没有该蛋白质病毒就无法在体内传播, 因此, 科学家计划找到一种可以暂时控制该蛋白质的药物来战胜感冒病毒。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的“…the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses… They change so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems.”可知普通感冒病毒是多样而且易变的。故选C。
2. What is the function of the protein ( )
A. Helping viruses spread.
B. Reducing physical infection.
C. Fighting against other viruses.
D. Strengthening the immune system.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段中的“They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body.”可知这种蛋白质起到了帮助病毒传播的作用。故选A。
3. What can we learn about the genetically modified mice ( )
A. They caught cold easily. B. Their health worsened.
C. They produced more protein. D. They were able to survive.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的“The mice were able to live normal lives without the protein.”可知这些转基因老鼠能够在没有该蛋白质的情况下正常生活, 故选D。
4. What is the purpose of the research ( )
A. To control certain genes.
B. To conquer the common cold.
C. To test a new drug.
D. To cure genetically modified mice.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】由第二小题的分析可知, 这种蛋白质起到了帮助病毒传播的作用。再根据最后一段“Carette said the plan was to find a drug which could temporarily control the
protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans.”可知该研究的目的是研发出一种药物来暂时控制这种蛋白质, 从而战胜普通感冒病毒。故选B。
Ⅱ. 七选五
The man who could see the future
The ability to predict the future is a rare talent. American author Isaac Asimov (1920—1992), one of the great science fiction writers of his age, had such a talent. 1._______ Now that we’re here, let’s see what he got right.
2._______ Asimov thought computers would cause a revolution comparable to the industrial revolution of the 19th century.
C
D
Specifically, he said that “mobile computerized objects” would be an important part of everyday life. Here, he clearly predicted our world of smartphones, tables and other devices. He also had a great deal to say about space exploration. 3._______
How did Asimov develop his special sense of future developments 4._______ He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents’ candy store. His scientific interest gained sharper focus at Columbia University in New York. Asimov went to study chemistry, but became bored with pure laboratory science.
G
A
Instead, he thought hard about the social implications(作用) of science. He wanted to communicate his ideas to the public.
5._______ Asimov had his finger on the pulse(脉搏)of both scientific and social change. He had a clear vision of what was coming around the corner for humanity in his works like the Galactic Empire series(《银河帝国》系列). “His predictions are absolutely fascinating,” Calum Chase, an English writer, told BBC News. “He was a genius.”
F
A. As a smart boy, Asimov taught himself to read at the age of five.
B. Space exploration really can make our life more convenient and comfortable.
C. Back in 1983, he was asked to predict what the world would look like in 2019.
D. On the role that computing would play in the future, he was amazingly accurate.
E. Asimov has developed a great interest in computer programming since childhood.
F. As an author, his books would feature the theme of social change caused by technology.
G. The International Space Station proves his prediction that we would not simply visit space but seek to stay there.
C
1. ____
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科幻大师阿西莫夫和他的预言的准确性以及他是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。
【解题思路】由上下文American author Isaac Asimov （1920—1992）, one of the great science fiction writers of his age, had such a talent. 1 Now that we’re here, let’s see what he got right. 可知, 美国作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫（1920—1992）是他那个时代最伟大的科幻作家之一, 他有这样一种天赋。现在我们在这儿, 让我们看看他预测对了什么。据此可推知, 空格处在本段中起到承上启下的作用。选项C“早在1983年, 他就被要求预测2019年的世界会是什么样子”符合语境。故选C。
2. ____
D
[解析] 【解题思路】由Asimov thought computers would cause a revolution comparable to the industrial revolution of the 19th century. 可知, 阿西莫夫认为计算机将引发一场与19世纪工业革命相当的革命; 再根据第一段内容可知, 下文是介绍阿西莫夫预测的结果, 选项D“关于计算机在未来将扮演的角色, 他的预测惊人得准确”与本段内容相符, 故选D。
3. ____
G
[解析] 【解题思路】由He also had a great deal to say about space exploration. 可知, 关于太空探索, 他也预测了。所以空格处要接着说他预言的结果。选项G“国际空间站证明了他的预言, 我们不仅要参观太空, 还要设法留在那里”与太空探索相关, 且是预测结果。故选G。
4. ____
A
[解析] 【解题思路】由He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents’ candy store. 可知, 他读了父母糖果店出售的报纸和杂志。所以空格处要与下一句一起来说明阿西莫夫是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。选项A“作为一个聪明的孩子, 阿西莫夫在五岁时就开始自学读书”承上启下。故选A。
5. ____
[解析] 【解题思路】由Asimov had his finger on the pulse（脉搏） of both scientific and social change. 可知, 本段主要介绍的是, 作为一名作家, 他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题; 选项F是本段主题句。故选F。
F
Ⅲ. 读后续写
[2021河北石家庄一中高二期末]
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Thanks again, Anna,” Peter Smith said. “You did a great job.”
“You’re welcome,” Anna Johnson could hardly keep the excitement from her voice. Her first baby sitting job had gone perfectly. She’d played games with Peter’s three children until it was bedtime.
Mr. Smith walked her to the front door and waited while she let herself into the house. Anna hadn’t even looked at the money Mrs. Smith had pressed into her hand at the end of the evening. She’d expected five or six dollars. Now, she saw that it was a twenty-dollar bill!
Anna imagined her parents’ faces when she handed them the twenty dollars.
Things hadn’t been easy for the Johnson family since Anna’s dad had lost his engineering job a year ago.
There had been no new clothes or movies in the last year. They no longer went out to eat on Fridays. Anna didn’t really mind, as long as her family was together. But now she could help. Twenty dollars! That was enough to fill the car with gas or to buy a bag of groceries.
Her excitement faded as she wondered if Mrs. Smith realized how much money she had given her. Could she have made a mistake Anna felt bad as she remembered that Mrs. Smith had simply pulled the money from her purse without looking at it.
Anna thought, “Maybe Mrs. Smith meant to give me the twenty-dollar bill. Baby sitting three children is a lot of work.” Soon Anna remembered that the Smiths didn’t seem to have much money, either. But, she silently argued with herself. “They gave me the money. I didn’t steal it.”
She found her parents in the living room. Anna took a deep breath and told them what had happened. “I wanted to give the money to you to help out the family, but I think Mrs. Smith made a mistake,” she continued. “I’m going to give it back to her.”
Dad settled his big hand on her shoulder. “You just gave us the best gift, Anna.” Mom kissed her. “We’re very proud of you, sweetheart.”
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
The next morning, Anna went to Mrs. Smith’s house again.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“I think you overpaid me last night,” she said and handed the twenty-dollar bill to her. Mrs. Smith looked surprised. “I didn’t know where that money had gone!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mrs. Smith opened her purse and counted out six dollars.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
I knew that I had put it in my purse. Then this morning, I couldn’t find it.” She started to cry. “It’s the last payment for something my husband needed. I made a mistake of giving you the twenty dollars, but you are such an honest and kind girl that you did not keep it.”
Mrs. Smith opened her purse and counted out six dollars. “I hope you’ll babysit for us again. Our children think you’re the best babysitter they’ve ever had, and so do I.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I think they will be proud of having such a great sister babysit them!” Anna said yes and went back home happily. When she gave her mother the six dollars, the best gift for her, she felt very proud because she thought she did a great job.
[解析] 深度解析
确定故事要素
故事线索The Clue Twenty dollars-excitement—honesty
开端Beginning Anna’s first baby sitting job had gone perfectly. Mrs. Smith had pressed some money into her hand at the end of the evening.
发展Development She’d expected five or six dollars. Now, she saw that it was a twenty-dollar bill! Twenty dollars! That was enough to fill the car with gas or to buy a bag of groceries. She remembered that Mrs. Smith had simply pulled the money from her purse without looking at it.
故事线索The Clue Twenty dollars-excitement—honesty
高潮Climax She was going to give the twenty dollars back to Mrs. Smith.
结局Ending 续写部分
续表
续写情境推理
Para. 1: The next morning, Anna went to Mrs. Smith’s house again.
1. What did Anna do the next day
“I think you overpaid me last night,” she said and handed the twenty-dollar bill to her.
2. How did Mrs. Smith feel then
Mrs. Smith looked surprised. She started to cry.
(此处使用Mrs. Smith的心理感受衬托Anna的诚实可贵。)
3. Why did Mrs. Smith make such a mistake
It’s the last payment for something her husband needed. She made a mistake of giving Anna the twenty dollars.
(根据第二段首句推断出Mrs. Smith原本想给Anna 6美金, 却错给了她20美金。)
Para. 2: Mrs. Smith opened her purse and counted out six dollars.
1. What would Mrs. Smith like Anna to do “I hope you’ll babysit for us again. Our children think you’re the best babysitter they’ve ever had, and so do I. I think they will be proud of having such a great sister babysit them!” (续写故事要有积极向上的价值观, 所以推断Anna得到了Mrs. Smith的信任, 得到了下一次工作的机会。)
2. How did Anna deal with the six dollars She gave her mother the
six dollars, the best gift for her. (6美元不多, 但是Ann做了一件对的事。)
3. How did she feel then She felt very proud because she thought she did a great job. (最后段落要通过心理描写将Ann从得到20美元感到兴奋, 到怀疑弄错, 到还钱高兴回家将故事合理完结。)(共59张PPT)
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1. 单词拼写
① _____________ adj.人造的, 人工的
artificial
② ___________ n. 人类
humanity
③ ______________ adj. 易受影响的
susceptible
④ _________ n. 受害者
victim
⑤ ______________ adv. 潜在地
potentially
⑥ _____________ n. 自动化
automation
⑦ ___________ n. 能力, 才能
capacity
analyse
⑧ __________ v. 分析
leap
⑨ _______ n. 剧变
regulate
⑩ ___________ v. 控制, 管理
illegal
__________ adj. 非法的, 违法的
immoral
__________ adj.不道德的, 道德败坏的
tightly
__________ adv. 紧紧地
cite
_______ v. 引用, 引述
assess
_________ v. 评价, 评定
desperate
____________ adj. 拼命的, 绝望的
frown
________ v. 皱眉
reckon
_________ v. 认为, 以为
demand
_________ n. 需要, 需求
consistent
_____________ adj. 一贯的, 一致的
2. 拓展单词
① ___________adj. 个人的; 身体的; 亲自的→ _____________ adv. 亲自地; 当面; 个别地; 就自己而言→ ______________ n. 个性; 品格; 名人
personal
personally
personality
② ____________ vt. 推荐; 劝告; 建议; 介绍→ _________________n. 推荐; 建议; 介绍信
recommend
recommendation
③ ________ vt. 评判, 判定; 判断; 判决→ ____________n. 判断力, 意见; 判决, 宣判
judge
judgement
independent
independently
④ ______________adj.独立的→________________adv. 独立地→ _______________n. 独立
independence
convenient
convenience
⑤ _____________ adj. 方便的, 便利的→______________ n. 方便, 便利; 便利的设施或用具→ _______________adj. 不方便的
inconvenient
solution
solve
⑥ ___________n. 解决办法, 解答→ ________ vt. 解决; 解答
potential
⑦ ____________ adj. 潜在的, 有可能的 n. 潜力, 可能性→ ______________adv. 潜在地
potentially
analyse
explanation
⑧ __________ v. 分析→ ______________ n. 分析
regulate
regulation
⑨ ___________ v. 控制, 管理→ _____________ n. 管理; 规则
immoral
moral
⑩ __________ adj. 不道德的, 道德败坏的→ ________ adj. 道德上的, 有道德的 n. 道德, 品行
legal
illegal
. ________adj. 合法的→__________adj. 非法的, 违法的
behave
behaviour
. _________ vt.& vi. 表现→____________n. 行为
consistent
consistently
. _____________adj. 一贯的, 一致的→ _______________adv. 一贯地; 一致地; 坚实地
tightly
tight
. __________adv. 紧紧地→ ________ adj. 紧的; 密封的; 绷紧的→ __________ vt.变紧; 使变紧
tighten
faulty
fault
. _________adj. 有故障的, 有缺陷的→ ________ n. 故障; 错误; 缺点; 毛病→ ____________adj.完美的; 无缺点的
faultless
desperate
desperately
. ____________adj. 拼命的, 绝望的→ ______________adv.拼命地; 绝望地; 极度地
mechanical
mechanically
. _____________ adj. 机械的→_______________adv.机械地; 呆板地; 物理上地→ ___________ n. 技工, 机修工
mechanic
imitation
imitate
. ____________n. 仿制品→__________ vt. 模仿, 仿效; 仿造, 仿制→ ____________ adj. 模仿的; 仿制的
imitative
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. 实现____________
come true
2. 多亏____________
thanks to
3. 与此相反; 比较起来______________
in contrast
4. 晾晒; 闲逛___________
hang out
5. 基本上, 大体上 _______________
on the whole
6. 能够 ________________
be capable of
7. 结果; 导致____________
result in
8. 轮流做某事________________________
take turns to do sth.
9. 迫不及待地做某事_________________________
can’t wait to do sth.
be likely to do sth.
10. 很可能做某事_______________________
feel confident about
11. 对……感到自信 _______________________
wipe out
12. 擦除; 消灭___________
at risk
13. 处境危险__________
be concerned about
14. 对……担忧/关心_____________________
have no choice but to do
15. 除了做……别无选择 ___________________________
agree on
16. 对……取得一致意见 ___________
on the horizon
17. 将要发生 _________________
be bound to
18. 很有可能, 肯定会 ______________
around the corner
19. 即将到来 ____________________
bank on
20. 依靠, 指望 __________
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1. 你关心人工智能的发展吗
______________________________________________
Are you concerned about developments in AI
2. 多亏了人工智能, 我的手机内置了我自己的超级智能私人助理。
______________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.
3. 而且因为他们不会受到人为错误的影响, 所以它们肯定会安全得多。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
And as they won’t be susceptible to human error, they’ll certainly be a lot safer.
4. 我们别无选择, 只能接受并管理它。
_______________________________________________________
We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.
5. 我认为, 毫不夸张地说, 当谈到发现治疗癌症等严重疾病的方法时, 我们可以燃起希望。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I think it’s also fair to say that we can get our hopes up when it comes to finding cures for serious diseases, such as cancer.
6. 这其中一些想法听起来可能远远超前于它们的时代, 但我相信它们迟早会发生的!
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Some of these ideas may sound far ahead of their time, but I’m sure they’re bound to happen sooner or later!
7. 我爱罗布, 这才是重要的。
________________________________________
I love Robutt and that’s what counts.
8. 他也皱着眉头, 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind.
9. 现在, 对你同伴的故事发表评论, 看看语言风格是否一致。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Now make comments on your partner’s story and see whether the language style is consistent.
10. 直到一个小时后, 他才注意到卡罗琳把她的紧急呼叫装置留在了早餐餐桌上。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was not until an hour later that he noticed that Carolyn had left her emergency call device on the breakfast table.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 将来, 人类的生活将会和今天大不相同。（be different from）
2. 随着医学的发展, 平均来说, 一个人会活到120岁左右。（with the development of）
3. 由于新能源的发现, 环境污染将得到控制。（under control）
4. 人们的日常生活一定会发生很大的变化。（be bound to）
5. 你可以指望机器人帮你做所有的家务。你的椅子会根据你的穿着改变颜色。（bank on）
6. 你也可以把手机戴在手腕上, 在说话时就能看到来电者; 你甚至可以乘坐新的电梯去太空度假。（while doing）
One possible version:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In the future, man’s life will be very different from that of today. First, with the development of medicine, on average, a person will live to the age of about 120. Second, because of the discovery of new energy,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
environmental pollution will be under control. Third, people’s daily life is bound to change greatly, too. For example, you can bank on robots to do all your housework for you. Your chair will change its color to match what you’re wearing. You can also put your mobile phone around your wrist and can see the caller while speaking; you can even take a new elevator into space for your holidays.
Ⅰ. 语境填词
1. When the woman was arrested, the police found out that the shop ____________（助手） was the woman’s daughter.
assistant
2. She’s ______________（潜在地） our best player, but she needs to practice much harder.
potentially
3. The teacher tried to analyse the cause of our failure and reminded us to pay attention to his ___________ （分析）.
analysis
leapt
4. A dolphin ________（跳跃） out of the water.
5. So it is necessary for the government to reduce the production of tobacco and make smoking __________（非法的） so that smokers will decide on quitting smoking.
illegal
assess
6. I think no assessment can _________（评估） anything in this world.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
based on, result in, pay attention to, a large number of, in time
1. He has got well prepared for the next question on the basis of what the person said. ___________
based on
2. Many soldiers were sent there to rescue those trapped in the building. ____________________
A large number of
3. Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not concerned about your screen, and send an email that could get you into trouble. ______________________
paying attention to
4. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has led to this increase in carbon dioxide.______________
resulted in
5. We ran down to the shore punctually to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.__________
in time
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 我的英语掌握得如此好以至于我被选为我的英语老师的助手。（such…that…）
I have ______________________________________ I am elected as my English teacher’s assistant.
such a good command of English that
2. 从你给我的照片中, 我的确认出了他的身份。（强调谓语动词）
From the picture you had given me, ______________________________.
I did identify his identity
3. 让电器开着是可以的, 只要你在使用它——如果不用, 就把它关掉! （if条件句的省略）
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on, so long as you are using it— ______________________!
if not, turn it off
4. 说到教育, 大部分人认为教育是终生的学习。（when it comes to）
_____________________________, the majority of people believe that education is the lifetime study.
When it comes to education
5. 一旦我教她, 她就会成为上流社会的淑女。（连词+分词作状语）
____________________, she’d become an upper class lady.
Once taught by me
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
[2021江苏宿迁沭阳修远中学高二月考]
Many leading AI researchers think that in a matter of decades, artificial intelligence will be able to do not merely some of our jobs, but all of our jobs, forever transforming life on Earth.
The reason why many regard this as science fiction is that we’ve traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms,
especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific.
From my point of view as a physicist and AI researcher, intelligence is simply a certain kind of information processing performed by elementary particles （基本粒子） moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one can’t build more intelligent machines than us in all ways. This suggests that we’ve only seen the tip of the iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is latent in nature and use it to help humanity.
If we get it right, the upside is huge. Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying （扩大） our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrow’s toughest problems. For example, why risk our loved ones dying in traffic accidents that self-driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers that AI might help us find cures for Why not increase productivity through automation and use AI to accelerate our research and development of affordable sustainable （可持续的） energy
I’m optimistic that we can develop rapidly with advanced AI as long as we win the race between the growing power of our technology and the knowledge with which we manage it. But this requires giving up our outdated concept of learning from mistakes. That helped us win the race with less powerful technology: We met with fire and then invented fire extinguishers （灭火器）, and we met with accidents and then invented seat belts. However, it’s an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligent AI-where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right for the first time.
1. How do many people feel about leading AI researchers’ predictions ( )
A. Worried. B. Curious.
C. Doubtful. D. Disappointed.
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。作者是一位物理学家和人工智能研究者, 他向我们介绍了我们对人工智能发展的误解及人工智能的优势。
【命题立意】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段The reason why many regard this as science fiction is that we’ve traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific. 可知, 人们认为这只存在于科幻小说当中, 由此可以推断, 人们对人工智能的研究者们的预测是怀疑的。故选C。
2. What does the author think of intelligence ( )
A. We know little about it.
B. It belongs to human beings.
C. It is too difficult to understand.
D. We have nothing more to discover.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段的This suggests that we’ve only seen the tip of the iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is latent in nature and use it to help humanity. 可知, 作者认为我们对人工智能的了解只是冰山一角, 从而推断出我们对此知之甚少。故选A。
3. What does the underlined word “upside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ( )
A. Cost. B. Risk. C. Quantity. D. Advantage.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词后的Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying （扩大） our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrow’s toughest problems. 及所举的事例和下文提及的人工智能的各种优点可知, 画线词所在句是本段的中心句, 句意为“如果我们做对了, 好处是巨大的。”从而可推测出upside意思是“优势, 好处”。故选D。
4. What’s important to us in the race between people and technology ( )
A. Learning from failure. B. Increasing our intelligence.
C. Avoiding making mistakes. D. Being more optimistic.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段的However, it’s an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligent AI-where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right for the first time. 可知, 对于一些高科技我们一次错误也不能犯, 第一次就要把它做对, 由此可推断出, 在人和科技的竞赛中, 最重要的事情是避免犯错。故选C。
B
[2020广西桂林十八中高二月考]
The sun is going to expand into the orbit of Mercury according to scientific calculations, which will result in the entire Earth catching on fire. Who will save the world
This imaginative tale is at the heart of the latest Chinese sci-fi movie The Wandering Earth. Unlike many American space-themed films where the solution to a disaster Earth faces is always fleeing （逃离） the planet in spaceships, this time we’re taking the Earth with us.
The film, which has become the country’s most successful film of all time, has offered a different and more ambitious idea.
The “ambition” didn’t come from nowhere. For thousands of years, “homeland” has had a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. One old idiom that shows a strong feeling that Chinese people have had for their homeland is “luoyeguigen”, which means returning to one’s homeland in old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their tree.
“What is Chinese sci-fi ” Guo Fan, the film’s director, said in an interview. “A vehicle that really expresses our cultural and spiritual core （核心） can be called Chinese sci-fi. Otherwise, we’re just following others and telling the same Hollywood stories.”
And the makers of The Wandering Earth may have chosen the best time to tell its Chinese sci-fi story. The film was released on Feb. 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was a time when many people had just made the hard journey back to their hometowns. So to them, there is only one possible way to tell the story: Earth goes wherever humans go, because it’s our home.
D
5. The main purpose of the opening paragraph is to____.
A. give a brief account of the film
B. warn people of the coming threat
C. explore ways to avoid the disaster
D. introduce the topic of the passage
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国最新科幻电影《流浪地球》。与许多美国太空主题电影不同, 在这部电影中, 人类面临灾难的解决方案是带着地球一起逃离。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】第一段中的…which will result in the entire Earth catching on fire. Who will save the world 引入了谁来拯救地球这一话题。故选D。
6. The underlined phrase “a different and more ambitious idea” refers to____.
A. fleeing the Earth in spaceships
B. bringing in huge success
C. filling the gap in Chinese sci-fi movies
D. helping Earth make its escape
D
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的Unlike many American space-themed films where the solution to a disaster Earth faces is always fleeing （逃离） the planet in spaceships, this time we’re taking the Earth with us. 可知, 不同的观点就是helping Earth make its escape。故选D。
7. Which of the following is unlikely to account for the success of the film ( )
A. The rich imagination of the story.
B. Hollywood-style space stories.
C. The special cultural background.
D. The time chosen to release the film.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的“A vehicle that really expresses our cultural and spiritual core（核
心） can be called Chinese sci-fi. Otherwise, we’re just following others and telling the same Hollywood stories.”可知, 我们没有跟随其他人来讲述同样的好莱坞的故事, 而是有自己的文化和精神核心。所以好莱坞的故事没有给这部电影带来成功, 故选B。
8. What is likely to be the title for the passage ( )
A. Chinese Sci-Fi Catches Up
B. The Most Successful Chinese Sci-Fi
C. Chinese Sci-Fi Sets a New Path
D. Chinese Sci-Fi Challenges Hollywood
C
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的The film, which has become the country’s most successful film of all time, has offered a different and more ambitious idea. 可知, 中国科幻电影开辟了新的途径。故选C。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
[2020河南省实验中学高二期中]
This billboard is designed by Daan Roosegaarde and 1.________（be） just one of the billboards currently set up in Monterrey, Mexico. Each ad space has been coated with a specialized resin（树脂） that attracts nearby air pollutants and transforms them into oxygen when 2._____________（expose） to direct sunlight.
Since the heavily-polluted Mexican city is located in a valley where 3.___________ is very little space for trees or greenery,
is
exposed
there
the billboards are considered a 4.________________（complete） new tool for urban health. This is not the first project that Daan Roosegaarde 5._________________（start） over the last few years. He is also responsible 6._________ the Smog Free Tower: the world’s largest air cleaner 7.__________ has been fixed at various international 8._______________（locate） so it can turn urban smog into diamonds.
has started
for
that
locations
completely
The 23-foot tall metal structure is capable of 9.___________（produce） 30,000 cubic meters of clean air per hour by filtering（过滤） 75% of harmful PM 2.5 and PM 10 particles （粒子） from the surrounding air. Plus, the tower uses very little electricity-about as much as 10.________ electric kettle. The electricity that it does use, however, comes from wind power.
an
producing
is
1. _____
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是由Daan Roosegaarde设计的特殊广告牌以及他所负责的雾霾净化塔的建设。每个广告牌都涂上了一层特殊的树脂, 这种树脂可以吸收附近的空气污染物, 并在阳光直射下将其转化为氧气。
考查动词的时态。设空处在句中作谓语, 根据上文“This billboard is designed by Daan Roosegaarde”可知本句时态为一般现在时。主语为单数, 故答案为is。
2. __________
exposed
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意：每个广告位都涂上了一层特殊的树脂, 可以吸收附近的空气污染物, 并在阳光直射下将其转化为氧气。分析句子结构可知, 设空处应填非谓语动词, 和句子的逻辑主语之间为被动关系。故答案为exposed。
3. ________
there
[解析] 考查there be句型。句意：由于这个被严重污染的墨西哥城市位于一个山谷中, 那里很少有种植树木或绿色植物的空间, 广告牌被认为是促进城市健康的一种全新工具。there be 表示“有”, 结合句意可知答案为there。
4. _____________
completely
[解析] 考查副词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为形容词, 副词修饰形容词, 故设空处应为副词形式。故答案为completely。
5. ______________
has started
[解析] 考查动词的时态。句意：这不是Daan Roosegaarde在过去几年里开始的第一个项目。设空处在从句中作谓语, 根据时间状语over the last few years（在过去的几年里）可知此处时态为现在完成时。故答案为has started。
6. ______
for
[解析] 考查介词。句意：他还负责雾霾净化塔的建设：雾霾净化塔是世界上最大的空气净化器, 安装在世界各地, 可以将城市烟雾变成钻石。be responsible for…表示“对……负责”。结合句意可知答案为for。
7. _______
that
[解析] 考查定语从句的引导词。句意见上题解析。设空处引导定语从句, 且在从句中作主语, 先行词为air cleaner, 且由最高级修饰, 只能用关系词that, 故答案为that。
8. ____________
locations
[解析] 考查名词的数。设空处前为形容词, 形容词修饰名词, 故设空处应为名词, location（地点）为可数名词, 被various（各种各样的）修饰, 故应用其复数的形式。故答案为locations。
9. ____________
producing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。设空处前为介词, 故设空处应用动名词作宾语。故答案为producing。
10. _____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。句意：另外, 这座塔耗电非常少——大约相当于一个电水壶所用的电量。设空处后为单数可数名词, 表示泛指, 故应用不定冠词修饰, electric以元音音素开头, 故答案为an。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
假定你是李华, 是学校“未来科技兴趣小组”的成员。请你根据以下要点为校英文报写一篇英语短文, 从两个方面介绍未来智能家居。要点如下：
1. 智能控制（自动控制家电; 节能模式; 贴心服务）
2. 定期健康检查（检测健康状况; 智能铺床; 智能马桶）
注意：
写作词数应为80左右;
2. 开头部分已写好, 不计入词数;
3. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
In the future, we will be living in smart homes.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We will be using advanced technology every day with automatic control at home, which will use integrated sensors and go into an energy-efficient mode all by itself. Based on your daily routine and preferences, everything will be ready for you.Meanwhile, your smart home will be monitoring your health.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night and check your weight. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well.
高级句式
Based on your daily routine and preferences, everything will be ready for you. 根据你的日常习惯和喜好, 一切都会为你准备好。（过去分词短语作状语）(共8张PPT)
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
背景导学
Preparing cities for robot cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparent now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April to companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.
California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so),
policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放物) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy-or even worse-the traffic of today with driverless cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work,
entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport-an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).
But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
1. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ( )
A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced.
A
2. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars ( )
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
B