(共116张PPT)
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 Nature in Architecture Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof. An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella. It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. 教材译文
建筑中的自然元素
我们身边都有花、草、树木, 并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上, 我们已经习惯了它们的存在, 甚至我们可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果, 我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片; 看到一朵绽开的花, 我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的, 但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感, 也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
教材原文 教材译文
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. 我们身边许多最迷人的设计, 包括建筑设计, 它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方, 在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今, 建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法,模仿自然运行的方式, 甚至让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
ArtScience Museum, Singapore People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. 新加坡艺术科学博物馆
对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花, 漂浮在海滨长廊上, 四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水, 雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后, 水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时, 参观者常常叹为观止。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
The Eastgate Centre, Harare Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests. 哈拉雷东门大厦
哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例, 利用仿生技术, 在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴, 从中得到启发, 从而设计了东门大厦。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. 这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘, 以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。东门大厦也用了相似的方法, 大厦的“皮肤”上设计了很多洞。白天, 暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部, 在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间, 墙壁在白天吸收的热量使冷空气变暖, 创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求, 因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
The Algae House, Hamburg The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all-the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. 汉堡藻屋
世界上第一座藻类能源建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面覆盖着含有藻类的面板。藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料, 促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候, 它们长得更快, 可以遮阴。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量, 并转化为电能, 给建筑物供电。除此之外, 面板内的藻类可以收集起来, 做燃料用。因此, 该建筑不仅能够适应环境, 减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源, 减少对环境的危害。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. 创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界, 同时满足当下的需求, 这可能是一项挑战, 但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙, 教我们如何实现这个目标。
续表
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. ____________/'ɑ k tekt/n.建筑师→_______________/'ɑ k tekt （r）/n.建筑学; 建筑艺术; 建筑风格; 建筑设计
architect
architecture
2. _________/sju:'p b/adj.极好的, 出色的 → ___________/sju:'p bli/adv.庄重地; 极好地
superb
superbly
3. ___________/'fr nt /n.知识/物理学等的前沿→________/fr nt/n.前面; 正面; 前线 adj. 前面的, 前部的; 正面的
frontier
front
4. __________/r 'sp nd/vi.回答; 作出反应→___________/r 'sp ns/n.响应; 反应; 回答
respond
response
harmony
5. __________/'hɑ m ni/n.和谐, 协调, 融洽 → _____________/hɑ 'm n s/adj.和谐的; 协调的 → _______________/hɑ m ni sli/adv.和谐地; 调和地
harmonious
harmoniously
renew
renewable
6. ________/r 'nju:/vt.更新→____________/r 'nju: bl/adj.可再生的 → ______________/ nr 'nju: bl/adj.不可再生的
unrenewable
similar
7. __________/'s m l r/ adj.相似的→ similarity /'s m 'l r ti/n.类似; 相似点
inspire
8. __________/ n’spa （r）/vt.赋予灵感; 激励, 鼓舞 → ___________/ n’spa d/adj.受……影响的→____________ / n’spa r /adj.鼓舞人心的→ ______________/' nsp 're n/n.灵感; 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
inspired
inspiring
inspiration
collect
collection
9. __________/k 'lekt/vt.收集; 募捐→_____________/k 'lek n/n.作品集; 收藏品; 一批（人或物品）; 取走
absorb
10. _________/ b’z : b/vt.吸收; 理解; 使全神贯注 → ___________/ b’z : bd/adj.全神贯注的, 专心致志的 → _____________/ b’z : p n/n.吸收; 全神贯注, 专心致志
absorbed
absorption
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. take…for granted___________________
认为……理所当然
2. be fed with_______________
以……为养料
3. convert…into___________________
将……转换成……
4. in harmony with_________________
与……和谐相处
5. stick with_______________
紧跟, 不离开
6. 与……有联系_________________
associate with
7. 习惯_____________
be used to
8. 对……作出反应_____________
respond to
9. 建立在……基础上__________
base on
regard…as…
10. 把……当作_______________
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 take…for granted 认为……理所当然
教材原句 In fact, we are so used to them that we may eventakethemfor granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. 事实上, 我们如此习惯它们的存在, 以至于甚至我们可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
中文例句 我们应该感谢父母的爱, 而不应视其为理所应当之事。
句式仿写 __________________________________________________________________________________________
We should be grateful to our parents’ love instead of taking it for granted.
2.
句型公式 强调句型
教材原句 It is natural to think in this way, but of courseit wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roofthatinspired the pine cone. 以这种方式思考是很自然的, 但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感, 也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
中文例句 他们是在史密斯先生建立的实验室里完成这个实验的。
句式仿写 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was in the lab that was set up by Mr Smith that they finished the experiment.
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
1. What is the main idea of the text ( )
A. Only the environment determines buildings.
B. There are all kinds of buildings in nature.
C. Many buildings get inspiration from nature.
D. Many different buildings came into being naturally.
C
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Nature in Architecture
ArtScience Museum, Singapore ◆It’s designed to show the 1.______________________between nature and the modern city environment.
◆It’s shaped to 2._________________a lotus flower.
◆Its roof collects rainwater and 3.__________________it 35 metres down to a waterfall.
connection
resemble
channels
The Eastgate Centre, Harare ◆Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce 4._________________ to create it while watching termites 5.__________________________their nests.
◆It has a“skin”6.________________in holes.
◆It uses 7._____________________and costs less to run.
The Algae House, Hamburg ◆Its 8.________________is covered in panels that contain algae.
◆The panels capture heat from the sun and 9.________________ it into energy.
◆It can generate its own 10._______________ energy.
was inspired
constructing
less energy
surface
convert
renewable
covered
续表
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. What has given us a lot of architecture inspiration ( )
A. Nature. B. Tiles. C. Umbrellas. D. Organisms.
A
2. What can you enjoy in ArtScience Museum ( )
A. The way nature works.
B. The relationship between art and science.
C. A lotus flower floating above water.
D. The building’s plumbing system.
B
3. What makes the Eastgate Centre use less energy ( )
A. Termites constructing their nests.
B. Mounds covered in little holes.
C. Traditional air conditioning systems.
D. Its surface covered in holes.
D
4. Why can the Algae House cost less to run ( )
A. Because it is in Hamburg of Germany.
B. Because it is powered by the algae.
C. Because the algae are fed with liquid nutrients.
D. Because the algae capture heat from the sun.
B
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1. In fact, we are so used to them ①___________________________________________________________②__________________________________________.
【分析】①为_____________引导的结果状语从句, 其中介词without后是动名词短语作宾语,②是由___________引导的宾语从句。
【译文】___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
that we may even take them for granted without realising
how much inspiration they have given us
so…that…
how much
事实上, 我们如此习惯它们的存在, 以至于甚至我们可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
2. To meet the needs of today ①_________________________________________ may be a challenge, ②_________________________________________________________________________
【分析】②中______连接表示转折关系的并列句, 第一个分句中不定式短语To meet the needs of today为主语,①为_______状语,②中how to achieve this为宾语从句。
【译文】 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
while protecting the world of tomorrow
but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
but
时间
保护明天的世界, 同时满足当下的需求, 这可能是一项挑战, 但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙, 教我们如何实现这个目标。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. What do we think of the beauty around us every day
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We are used to it, and we may even take it for granted without realising how much inspiration it has given us.
2. What has nature inspired around us
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture.
3. Why was Singapore’s ArtScience Museum designed like that
____________________________________________________________________________________________
It was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment.
4. What is Harare’s Eastgate Centre special about
_______________________________________________________________
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.
5. Where is the world’s first algae-powered building and why do people create buildings like that
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. Creating buildings like that enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
将上述句子转换句式。
1. 用非谓语动词改写第一句。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Not realising how much inspiration it has given us, we are used to beauty and take it around us for granted.
2. 用被动语态改写第二句。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Many of the most fascinating designs around us have been inspired by nature, including those in architecture.
3. 用强调句型改写第三句。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment that Singapore’s ArtScience Museum was designed.
4. 用非谓语动词改写第四句。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is the most magnificent building using biomimicry.
5. 用非谓语动词改写第五句。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To live in closer harmony with our environment, we create buildings like the world’s first algae-powered building in Hamburg, Germany.
Step 3 Summary Writing
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In fact, not realising how much inspiration it has given us, we are used to beauty and take it around us for granted. Many of the most fascinating designs around us have been inspired by nature, including those in architecture. As we know, it was to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment that Singapore’s ArtScience Museum was designed. Harare’s Eastgate Centre is the most magnificent building using biomimicry.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To live in closer harmony with our environment, we create buildings like the world’s first algae-powered building in Hamburg, Germany.
1. superb adj. 极好的, 出色的
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. （教材P51）哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例。
典例翻译
① The sports facilities look superb.
___________________________
运动设施看上去是一流的。
② It makes a superb filling for cakes.
___________________________
它非常适合做蛋糕的馅儿。
③ The car is in superb condition.
___________________
这辆车车况极好。
④ The car is superbly engineered and a pleasure to drive.
_____________________________________
这辆车设计一流, 开起来是一种享受。
归纳拓展
（1） 看上去棒极了______________
一流的演出_______________________
状况极好______________________
look superb
a superb performance
in superb condition
（2） 庄重地; 华美地; 极好地 adv. ___________
superbly
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He performed ___________（superb）in the test.
superbly
② Cylinder observed that the best hospitals did not just have _________ doctors. They were also ___________ organised. （superb）
superb
superbly
（2） 单句写作
③ [2020全国Ⅲ卷, 阅读理解] 他们有一种很好的捕鱼方法。
____________________________________
They had a superb way of fishing.
④ 他医术高超, 在紧急情况下几乎无人能代替他。
___________________________________________________________________________________
His medical skill is so superb that he can hardly be filled in for an emergency.
2. inspire vt. 激发; 鼓舞; 启示; 产生; 使产生灵感
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. （教材P50）我们身边许多最迷人的设计, 包括建筑设计, 它们的灵感都来自大自然。
典例翻译
① His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 5-0 win.
______________________________________________
他的出色表现使球队士气大振, 以5:0大获全胜。
② Inspired by the sunny weather, I decided to explore the woods.
_______________________________________
阳光明媚的天气让我决定去森林里探索。
③ King was a great orator（演说家） and an inspiring leader.
_____________________________________
金是伟大的演说家和鼓舞人心的领袖。
④ He draws inspiration from ordinary scenes.
___________________________
他从日常生活中获得灵感。
归纳拓展
（1） 激发某人做某事_________________________
inspire sb. to do sth.
（2） inspiration n. 灵感; 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
从……中吸取灵感________________________
对……的灵感______________________
draw inspiration from
the inspiration for
（3）inspired adj. 卓越的; 品质优秀的; 受……影响的
（4）inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的; 启发灵感的
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① ___________（inspire） greatly by what he had heard and seen, he made up his mind to stand on his own feet.
Inspired
② In 2012, Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature, ____________（inspire） a host of imitators.
inspiring
③ You can also read an ____________（inspire） book or watch a movie to get the ______________（inspire） you need to move forward.
inspiring
inspiration
（2） 单句写作
④ 我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
3. take…for granted 认为……理所当然
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. （教材P50）事实上, 我们如此习惯它们的存在, 以至于甚至我们可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
典例翻译
① He just takes everything his mother does for him for granted.
_________________________________________________
他只是认为他的妈妈为他做的一切都是理所当然的。
② We shouldn’t take anything for granted.
___________________________________
我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。
③ He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
___________________________________________
他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。
④ Granting/Granted that he said so, he may not keep his promise.
_____________________________________
假定他这么说了, 他也未必会守承诺。
归纳拓展
想当然地认为……_____________________________
假定……, 即使…… __________________________
take it for granted that…
Granting/Granted that…
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① They now have their own opinions; you can’t take _____ for granted that they’ll listen to you.
it
② ___________________（grant） that this is true, what conclusion can you reach
Granted/Granting
③ She often told me not to take things for __________（grant）.
granted
（2） 单句写作
④ 那时她经常告诉我不要认为父母为我们所做的一切是理所当然的。
______________________________________________________________________________________
At that time she often told me not to take what our parents did for us for granted.
4. convert…into将……转化为; 使……转变为
The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. （教材P51）这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量, 并将其转化为电能, 给建筑物供电。
典例翻译
① I didn’t use to like opera but my husband has converted me.
_________________________________________
我过去不喜欢歌剧, 但我的丈夫改变了我。
② A poet is one who can convert ordinary words into a meaningful piece of writing.
_____________________________________________________
诗人是能够用普通的文字写出一篇寓意深刻的作品的人。
③ All forms of energy are converted into heat.
_____________________________
所有形式的能量都转化为热。
④ Tom suggested that we buy a sofa that converts into a bed.
_______________________________________
汤姆建议我们买一个可以用作床的沙发。
⑤ He converted from Christianity to Zslam.
___________________________
他由基督教改信伊斯兰教。
归纳拓展
（使）转而变为…… __________________
把……从……转化为……______________________
convert into/to
convert…from…to…
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Modernization has converted the country _______ a primitive society to a near-industrial one.
from
② At what rate does the dollar convert _______ pounds
into
（2） 单句写作
③ 那家旅馆将改建成私人疗养院。
__________________________________________________________________
The hotel is going to be converted into a private nursing home.
5. respond to 回应……; 对……作出反应
The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. （教材P51）因此, 该建筑不仅能够适应环境, 减少能耗, 而且自身可以产生可再生能源, 减少对环境的危害。
典例翻译
① The female conductor kindly responded to my question.
_________________________________
女列车员亲切地回答了我的问题。
② The teacher responded affirmatively to the question that the student had put forward.
___________________________________________
老师对那个学生提出的问题作了肯定的回答。
③ The product was developed in response to customers’ demands.
_________________________________________
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
④ She made no response.
___________________
她没作任何回答。
归纳拓展
（1） __________v. 响应; 回应
respond
（2） response n. 回答; 响应; 反应
响应; 反应（通常作状语） _________________
对……（没）作出反应/回答_________________________
in response to
make （no）response to
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Did Mother’s leg respond _____ treatment
to
② He always takes the lead in response_____ the government’s call.
to
③ On your first question, we have ____________（respond） to it on various occasions. I believe you’ve also taken note of the response by the Ministry of Defense.
responded
（2） 一句多译
④ 她收到我的信, 给我回了个电话。
She _______________ my letter with a phone call.
= She _____________________ my letter with a phone call.
responded to
made a response to
1. so…that…引导结果状语从句
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. （教材P50）事实上, 我们如此习惯它们的存在, 以至于甚至可能把它们视为理所当然, 却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
典例翻译
① She’s kind and patient, and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!
_______________________________________________________
她友善、耐心, 把英语语法讲解得清清楚楚, 连我都懂了！
② At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.
_______________________________________________________
在某个时刻, 我们发现自己置身高处, 仿佛骑车穿越云层。
③ He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.
_______________________________
他接受了她的邀请真是太傻了。
归纳拓展
（1）so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”, that引导结果状语从句。常见搭配如下：
so+adj./adv.+that…
so+adj.+a（n）+单数名词+that…
so+many/much/few/little（少）+n.+that…
（2）such…that…表示“如此……以至于……”, such修饰的是名词。常见搭配如下：
such+a（n）+adj.+单数名词+that…
such+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+that…
（3）so that意为“因此, 结果”, 引导结果状语从句。so that还可表示“以便, 目的是”, 引导目的状语从句。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He had so little education _______ he was unfit for this job.
that
② It is _____ good a film that I’d like to see it a second time.
so
（2） 句型转换
③ It was so fine a day that we went out for a walk.
→______________________________ we went out for a walk.
It was such a fine day that
2.“make+宾语+宾补”结构
Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.（教材P50）如今, 建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法, 模仿自然运行的方式, 甚至让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
典例翻译
① She sat him up and made him comfortable.
_______________________________
她帮他坐起来, 让他舒服一些。
② He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace.
_____________________________________________________________
他梦想着奥运会将有可能让所有国家的人民共同生活在和平之中。
③ His joke made us laugh our heads off.
_______________________________
他讲的笑话逗得我们大笑不已。
④ The teacher raised her voice to make herself heard.
___________________________________
老师提高自己的声音使自己被听见。
⑤ We made Tom our monitor.
___________________________
我们选汤姆当我们的班长。
归纳拓展
（1）“make+宾语+宾补”结构中, 宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词等来充当; 该结构中一般不用现在分词充当宾补; 职务名词充当宾补时其前面不用加冠词。
（2）当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时, 多用it作形式宾语, 主要结构有：
make+it+adj./n.+（for sb.）to do sth.
make+it+adj./n.+that从句
常用于这种结构的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult __________（tell）one from the other.
to tell
② We thought _____ no use explaining to him what had happened here because he didn’t care.
it
（2） 完成句子
③ 专家们认为, 这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。
This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made ___________________________________________________________ each other.
it easier for British people and Americans to understand
（3） 单句写作
④ [2018全国Ⅲ卷] 我们如何让他们养成这种习惯
______________________________________
How do we make it a habit for them
3. 状语从句的省略
To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. （教材P51）保护明天的世界, 同时满足当下的需求, 这可能是一项挑战, 但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙, 教我们如何实现这一目标。
典例翻译
① Work hard while/when （you are）young, or you’ll regret.
___________________________
少壮不努力, 老大徒伤悲。
② While （she was）walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
_________________________________
她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
③ Don’t listen to music when/while （you are）doing your homework.
_______________________________
做家庭作业的时候不要听音乐。
归纳拓展
当when, while, before, after, unless, as if, if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it, 且从句谓语中含有be动词时, 可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
学以致用
（1） 句型转换
① If you are accepted for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
→__________________________, you’ll be informed soon.
If accepted for the job
② While he was playing with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy.
→___________________________________________ , the father felt very happy.
While playing with his children outdoors
③ He won’t come unless he is invited.
→He won’t come _________________.
unless invited
（2） 单句写作
④ [2018天津卷] 一天放学后, 当我在这座宏伟的山上探索绿色的森林时, 我差点摔倒在一截楼梯上。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs.
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. Keep your eye on this ___________（前沿）; steam heat from the earth may one day help keep you warm.
frontier
2. This suggested that matter can be ____________（转化） into energy, and vice versa.
converted
3. Chinese people regard the ________（莲花） as a sign of purity.
lotus
5. The ____________（建筑师） was presented with a blank cheque to design a new city centre.
4. Ideas will come to you easily and some will prove to be _________（极好的）.
superb
architect
6. To ________（模仿） his distinctive ending for many of his short stories, we will leave the readers to draw their own conclusion.
7. The city’s 1,040 kilometers of the _____________（滨水地区） gives it the largest harbor in the world.
mimic
waterfront
8. There John built his own split-level house with electricity and ___________（管道系统）.
plumbing
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in harmony with, be/get used to, take sth. for granted, be based on, respond to, be covered in, be fed with, look like
1. ___________ what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.
Based on
2. It is so cold that you can’t go outside unless fully _____________ thick clothes.
covered in
3. Remember, I’m not a beggar; I don’t want to ______________ leftovers from the rich man’s table.
be fed with
4. The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not _____________ social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
respond to
5. We must never lose sight of the fact that man must live __________________nature.
in harmony with
6. It was dark in the room and we couldn’t see much at first, but after a few minutes our eyes __________________ the darkness.
was/got used to
take it for granted
7. Some of us always ______________________ that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
8. By studying old photos of the previous Amber Room, they have made the new one ____________ the old one.
look like
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1. We’re so familiar with nature that we seldom take 1. ____ second thought about it, but some artists take inspiration from it. Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia and Beijing’s Water Cube are good 2.___________（example）. Singapore’s ArtScience Museum is another example for people to enjoy the 3.________________（explore） of the relationship between art and science. The building was designed 4.__________（show） the connection between nature
a
examples
exploration
to show
and the modern city environment in which it sits. Besides, Harare’s Eastgate Centre, 5.________ was created by Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce while he was watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests, 6._____（be） a superb example of biomimicry. Also, the world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany, whose surface 7._____________（cover） in panels that contain algae and the algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow.
is
is covered
which
These buildings enable us to live in closer harmony 8._______ our environment. It may be a challenge to meet the needs of today while 9._____________（protect） the world of tomorrow, 10.______ even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
protecting
but
with
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1. The signal will be converted __________ digital code.
to/into
2. Generally speaking, electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for __________（grant）.
granted
3. _____________（architect） have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behavior.
Architects
4. He was presented _______a TV set as a reward for his service.
with
5. In the late nineteenth century the _____________（connect） between music and painting was close.
connection
Ⅱ. 同义替换
live in harmony with, get used to, take…for granted, base on, a lack of, be covered in, in terms of, look like
1. According to what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.___________
Based on
2. It is so cold that you can’t go outside unless fully wrapped in thick clothes. _____________
covered in
3. Hard work can often make up for being short of ability.____________
a lack of
4. We must plan our work considering the new situation and its needs. ______________
in terms of
5. We must never lose sight of the fact that man must get along with nature. _______________________
live in harmony with
6. It was dark in the room and we couldn’t see much at first, but after a few minutes our eyes felt comfortable in the darkness. ______________
got used to
7. Some of us always think naturally that our parents or grandparents should take care of us. ______________________
take it for granted
8. By studying old photos of the previous Amber Room, they have made the new one resemble the old one. ____________
look like
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. 刚才老师讲话如此快以至于我不能记下所有的东西。（so…that…）
____________________________________________________________________________
The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn’t take everything down just now.
2. 他什么话也没说就走了, 留下我们在外面站着。（现在分词作状语）
__________________________________________________________________
He went away without saying anything, leaving us standing outside.
3. 我不仅对他谈我的感觉, 而且我还决定在博客上把它写出来。（not only…but also…）
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Not only did I speak to him about how I felt, but I also decided to blog about it.
4. 我们小组想为新华小学组织一场名为“分享书籍, 传递爱”的图书捐赠活动。（过去分词作后置定语）
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Our group would like to organize a book donation activity named “Sharing Books, Passing Love” for Xinhua Primary School.
5. 在等通往办公室的公共汽车时, 他看见一个男孩跌倒在路上。（状语从句的省略）
_____________________________________________________________________________
While waiting for a bus to the office, he saw a boy fall down on the road.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2021河南高二期末]
We see art everywhere around us. In public parks, city squares, shopping streets and public buildings, we find modern art objects on display. Classical art, such as valuable paintings, precious statues and other fine arts, usually ends up in the collections of museums, companies or rich people.
Both art and architecture have a history of ages. All forms and ways of expressing the beautiful things have been explored. In the case of architecture, many buildings designed in the past have proven beautiful and served their purposes. Governments and companies could save millions of dollars by building or copying designs of architecture of buildings from the past. There are still many designs for buildings made by famous architects that were never realized. Besides, some people find modern architecture ugly. So why should we pay a lot of money for designing new buildings
The same holds for modern art, both paintings and statues. Many storerooms contain enough art to decorate all public buildings and other public places. There is no need to create more art, and as with modern architecture, many people find new art difficult to understand or appreciate.
Given these facts, why are architects and artists asked to create new artworks The answers have to do with the function of art in society today. First of all, the function of art is to decorate.
Artworks make our living environment more beautiful. Another function of art is enriching real life. Art helps people to learn to think creatively. In art things are not always what they seem to be. Very often you can hardly tell what the funny art objects are. People need such creative moments. Finally, art is often seen as a way to instruct the audience. Statues of heroes from the past remind us of our history. Paintings and other art objects can also help us realise what goals we should set for ourselves.
Because ideas about society change and every period of time has its own taste, there is always a need for new art. We can still appreciate the beautiful artworks made in the past, but they are often too valuable to be placed in public buildings. Besides, they also often need special protection.
1. Who own collections of ancient statues and paintings ( )
A. Public parks or city squares.
B. Shopping streets or public buildings.
C. Museums, companies or rich people.
D. Some historical sites.
C
such as valuable paintings, precious statues and other fine arts, usually ends up in the collections of museums, companies or rich people. （古典艺术, 如珍贵的绘画、珍贵的雕像和其他艺术作品, 通常会被博物馆、公司或富人收藏。）可知, C项正确。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代艺术和现代艺术, 以及它们在社会中所起的作用。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的Classical art,
2. What’s the writing purpose of Paragraph 2 ( )
A. To explain why some people find modern art ugly.
B. To introduce the reason for the necessity of new art.
C. To show the benefits of copying designs from the past.
D. To prove both art and architecture have a long history.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段的主要内容, 尤其是So why should we pay a lot of money to architects for designing new buildings？（那么, 为什么我们要为设计新的建筑付很多钱呢？）可推测本段的目的是引出新艺术产生的必要性。B. To introduce the reason for the necessity of new art. （介绍新艺术产生的必要性。）符合以上推测, 故选B项。
3. Why can’t we use old art to decorate public buildings ( )
A. Because they need long-lasting restoring.
B. Because more people prefer modern art.
C. Because of the changes and differences of tastes.
D. Because of their value and need for protection.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据最后一段的第二句和第三句可知, 古老的艺术品太珍贵了, 不能被用来装饰公共建筑, 它们还经常需要特殊的保护。故选D项。
4. What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about ( )
A. The functions of art in society.
B. The functions of architecture.
C. The reason why art is difficult.
D. The reason why art is precious.
A
（考虑到这些事实, 那么为什么建筑师和艺术家被要求创造新的艺术作品呢？答案和当今艺术在社会中的作用有关。）可知, 本段主要介绍了艺术在社会中的作用。A. The functions of art in society. （艺术在社会中的作用。）符合以上说法, 故选A项。
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第四段的主要内容, 尤其是Given these facts, why are architects and artists asked to create new artworks The answers have to do with the function of art in society today.
Ⅱ. 完形填空
[2020湖北武汉高二月考]
We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, 1 suddenly everything seems to get out of control. What always 2 is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at 3 the same moment.
Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided （猛 撞） and both drivers began to 4 .
The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a 5 . She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. This made the driver following her 6 hard. His wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake. As she was thrown 7 , the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. Seeing a cake flying 8 the air, a lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car, 9 all of a sudden. The lorry was 10 with empty
beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and onto the road. This led to yet 11 angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. It took the police nearly an hour to 12 the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of 13 bottles. Only two stray dogs 14 from all this confusion, for they greedily ate what was left of the 15 . It was just one of those days!
1. ( )A. thus B. but C. so D. and
B
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了在一天晚上的交通高峰期, 两场交通意外引发交通大混乱, 只有两只流浪狗从中受益。
【解题思路】考查连词。根据语境可知“一天的开始也许很顺利”与“突然间一切似乎都失去了控制”是转折关系, 故选B项。
2. ( )A. comes B. strikes C. happens D. works
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。空后表达很多事情刚好在同一时间出问题, 这是发生的事情, 故C项正确。
3. ( )A. exactly B. possibly C. practically D. probably
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查副词。根据空后的“the same moment”可知此处指“刚好在同一时间”, 故选A项。
4. ( )A. fight B. talk C. discuss D. argue
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。根据常识可知, 两车发生剐蹭的时候, 双方会相互指责, 发生争论, 下文中的“argument”也是提示, 故选D项。
5. ( )A. learner B. passenger C. driver D. instructor
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查名词。空后一句说她突然惊慌失措, 把车停了下来, 这说明她是个新手（初学者）, 故选A项。
6. ( )A. stop B. brake C. burst D. quit
B
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。上一句说女新手突然惊慌失措, 把车停了下来, 面对这种情况, 后面的司机自然是要急刹车, 故选B项。
7. ( )A. upward B. backward C. forward D. sideward
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查副词。根据常识可知, 急刹车的时候, 车上的人身子会前倾, 故选C项。
8. ( )A. through B. over C. around D. across
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查介词。上文说蛋糕从车里飞了出来。flying through the air表示“在空中飞过、从天而降”, 故选A项。
9. ( )A. pulled down B. pulled up
C. pulled in D. pulled out
B
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。上文说旁边的卡车司机看见一块蛋糕从天而降, 第一反应自然是停车, 故选B项。
10. ( )A. occupied B. burdened
C. loaded D. equipped
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。下文说数百个啤酒瓶从车尾部滑到了路上, 这说明卡车上装满了空啤酒瓶。be loaded with表示“载有”, 故选C项。
11. ( )A. the other B. other
C. others D. another
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查限定词。上文说两辆车相撞, 两个司机发生了争论, 此处是说卡车上的啤酒瓶滑到路上又引起了另一场争论, 故D项。
12. ( )A. get B. have C. keep D. take
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。根据空后的“the traffic on the move again”可知此处指“使交通再次畅通”, 故选A项。
13. ( )A. empty B. full C. dirty D. broken
D
[解析] 【解题思路】考查形容词。啤酒瓶掉到了马路上自然是碎了, 故选D项。
14. ( )A. benefited B. suffered
C. separated D. differed
A
[解析] 【解题思路】考查动词。下文说这两只流浪狗贪婪地吃着剩下的蛋糕, 这说明它们从混乱中受益, 故选A项。
15. ( )A. beer B. vehicle C. cake D. bottle
C
[解析] 【解题思路】考查名词。上文说一个蛋糕掉在了地上, 再结合空前的“they greedily ate”可知, 这两只流浪狗贪婪地吃着剩下的蛋糕, 故选C项。(共98张PPT)
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section Ⅱ Using language
（非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语）
1. （教材P53）Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms,…
2. （教材P54）The Wright brothers, who succeeded in creating and flying the first aeroplane in 1903, got their inspiration from observing pigeons in flight.
3. （教材P53）…it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
4. （教材P53）The main principle of its design is to recreate natural landscapes in miniature.
5. （教材P54）There are many types of biomimicry, among which the most common one is copying form and shape.
6. （教材P53） Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
7. （教材P53）Drawing/To draw inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries.
观察上面句子, 并分别写出每句中加黑部分所作的成分：
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
5. _________________
6. ___________________
7. _____________________________
动名词短语作宾语。
动词不定式作表语。
动词不定式作表语。
动名词作表语。
过去分词作表语。
动名词或动词不定式作主语。
动词不定式作宾语。
一、不定式作主语、表语或宾语
不定式可以作主语、表语或一些动词的宾语, 也可以和疑问词构成不定式短语作主语、宾语或表语。
用法 例句
作主语 不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 Learning is like rowing upstream:not to advance is to drop back. 学如逆水行舟, 不进则退。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有和睿智。
用法 例句
作主语 不定式作主语时, 可以用it作形式主语, 而把真正的主语置于后面。即用“It is+adj./n.+（for/ofsb.）to do sth.”来代替。 To get there by air wil take you only about two hours. 乘飞机去那儿将只花你大约两个小时。（ = It wil take you only about two hours to get there by air.）
It is nice for us to atend the meting. 对我们来说, 参加这个会议是令人愉快的。
It is kind of you to have given us so much help. 你真好, 给予我们这么多的帮助。
续表
用法 例句
作表语 当主语部分有what/al/everything等不定代词和实义动词do（表示“做”）的某种形式, 那么作表语的不定式可以不带to。 What we should do at the moment is（to）study hard. 目前我们要做的就是努力学习。
All he did at work was（to）press the buton if necesary. 他的工作就是需要时按一下按钮。
续表
用法 例句
作宾语 常接不定式作宾语的动词: aford，agree，arrange，ask，beg，care，chose，decide，demand，determine，expect，fear，help，hope，learn，manage，ofer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，want，wish，aim，fail，long，hapen，hesitate, strugle, atempt, undertake, volunter, desire等。 The teacher patiently showed us how to do the experiment. 老师耐心地指导我们如何做实验。
—Have you ever ben to Paris
—No, we can’t aford to.
—你们去过巴黎吗
—没有, 我们付不起费用。
续表
用法 例句
作宾语 不定式符号to代替整个不定式时, be和have不能省略。 He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to. 他想游过河, 但是我警告他不要这样。
His mother wanted him to be ateacher when he grew up, but he didn’t want to be. 他的妈妈想让他长大后当教师, 但是他不想当。
—I didn’t tell Mary the bad news.
—But I would like you to have.
—我没有告诉玛丽这个不好的消息。
—但是我宁愿你告诉她了。
续表
用法 例句
作宾语 But后面常接to do。但是当but前面有实义动词do（表示“做”）的某种形式，but后不带to He had nothing to do but stay athome.他无事可做，只是待在家里。
续表
二、过去分词作表语
用法 例句
作表语 过去分词作表语常常用来修饰人, 而用-ing形式修饰物。 The book is interesting and I’m interestedin it. 这本书很有趣, 我对它很感兴趣。
三、-ing形式作主语、宾语或表语
用法 例句
作主语 -ing形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 Achieving the great renaissance of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream for the nation in modern times. 实现伟大复兴, 就是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。
Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger. 学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。
Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. 长时间暴晒对人的皮肤有害。
用法 例句
作宾语 -ing可以作介词的宾语也可以作动词的宾语。 Have you considered making contributions to your hometown after graduation 你考虑过毕业后为家乡做贡献吗？I’m sorry for having kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。
Victor apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan. 维克多因为没有通知我计划变更而道歉。
Nothing can stop the plan from being carried out. 什么也阻止不了这个计划的实施。
续表
作表语 -ing形式作表语时, 有两种不同含义。 My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。（说明主语的内容）
The news is exciting. 这条新闻很振奋人心。（说明主语的性质）
比较：He is reading. 他正在读书。（不是非谓语动词, 是现在进行时, 表示正在进行的动作）
续表
注意：
1. 下列动词后通常用不定式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望, 拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划, 同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help; 另外还有afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等
2. 下列动词或动词短语后通常用-ing形式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅, 承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练, 否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险, 不禁介意准逃亡。
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy（想象, 设想）; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape
3. 下列动词短语后也通常用-ing形式作宾语：
be used/accustomed to, lead to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand （无法忍受）, give up, feel like, insist on, thank…for, apologize for, be busy （in）, have difficulty/trouble （in）, have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）, spend time （in）
4. 下列动词或动词短语后既可以用-ing形式作宾语, 也可以用不定式作宾语, 但意义上有区别, 要特别注意：
后接不定式 后接动名词
regret to do sth. 遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
try to do sth. 努力/企图去做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事
can’t help （to）do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
5. 下列动词或动词短语后用-ing形式：
spend some time doing sth. 花时间做某事
have fun/have a good time/have a bad time doing sth. 很（不）愉快做某事
have （no） difficulty doing sth. 做某事（没）有困难
catch sb. doing sth. 当场发现某人做某事
there is no point doing sth. 做某事没有意义
there is no denying that…毋庸置疑……
it’s no use/good doing sth. 做某事没有用/没好处
sth. be worth doing某事值得（被）做
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
send sb. doing sth. 使得某人做某事
sth. needs doing某事需要（被）做
end up doing sth. 结果做了某事
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. ___________________ （surround）by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction.
Being surrounded
2. They never quit __________ （look）for a way to get where they are supposed to go!
looking
3. The clubs in Argentina couldn’t help him, but the famous Barcelona club in Spain offered ____________ （accept）Messi on the junior team and pay the bills.
to accept
staying
4. Scientists have discovered that __________ （stay）in the cold could help us lose weight.
to acknowledge
5. It’s never foolish _________________ （acknowledge）you are wrong. Being humans, we all need the art of apology.
dividing
6. Firstly, you should consider ___________ （divide）them into different groups-who are the people you don’t know well but see pretty much daily.
being given
8. The next step is __________ （make） sure that you know exactly what is required.
7. He appreciated ______________ （give）a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature.
to make
to marry
9. It would be wrong for people ___________ （marry）for money.
10. He hopes ____________ （create）an environment for his students, which is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in.
to create
to be reading
12. ____________ （finish）the work in ten minutes is very hard.
11. He seems ________________ （read）in his room at present.
To finish
to study
13. Marx found it important ___________ （study）the situation in Russia.
being invited
14. He came to the party without ________________ （invite）.
Reading
15. __________ （read） aloud is very helpful.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1. There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one 1. __________ （love）her.
One day, 2. __________ （feel）very sad and lonely, she was walking through a meadow when she noticed a small butterfly 3. _________ （catch）in a thorny bush. The young girl carefully released the butterfly. Instead of 4. _________ （fly）away, the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.
to love
feeling
caught
flying
“In return for your wonderful kindness,”the good fairy said to the girl,“I will give you any wish that you would like 5. _________ （get）.”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied,“I want to be happy.”
6. __________ （lean）toward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.
With the little girl 7. __________ （grow）up, there was no one in the land happier than she was. Everyone wanted to make
to get
Leaning
growing
themselves 8. _______ （tell）the secret of happiness by her. She would only smile and answer,“The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”
When she was dying, the neighbors all gathered around her, 9. __________ （fear）that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her. So they begged her 10. __________ （tell）them what the good fairy said. The lovely old woman simply smiled and said,“She told me that everyone, no matter how old or young, how rich or poor, had need of me.”
fearing
to tell
told
1.wisdom n. 智慧
wisdom learnt from nature（教材P53）从自然中学到的智慧
典例翻译
① A man of wisdom is not necessarily a man of ability.
___________________________________
有智慧的人不一定就是有能力的人。
② A flow of words is no proof of wisdom.
_______________________________
口若悬河, 不能证明真有才智。
③ But conventional wisdom may have got it wrong.
_______________________
但传统说法未必正确。
④ He is too lacking in worldly wisdom to be a politician.
_______________________________________
他对人情世故知之甚少, 当不了政治家。
归纳拓展
（1） 传统观点 ______________________
人情世故 _________________
智齿 _______________
conventional wisdom
worldly wisdom
wisdom teeth
（2） wise adj. 聪明的; 有智慧的; 明智的; 有见识的
事后聪明 _______________________
wise after the event
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Conventional _________（wise） has it that riots only ever happen in cities.
wisdom
② Learned men are not necessarily _______ （wisdom）.
wise
（2） 单句写作
③ [2019天津卷] 智者在生活中不会自怜。
_________________________________________
A wise man can live without self-pity.
2.employ v. 使用, 运用
Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems. （教材P54）在海豚的启发下, 人们学会了如何在水下发出信号, 这种信号目前应用于海啸预警系统。
典例翻译
① More than 3,000 local workers are employed in the tourism industry.
____________________________________
超过3,000名本地工人受雇于旅游业。
② It is a pity that such a talent as him should be employed in doing such small things.
_______________________________________________
真可惜, 像他这样有才能的人竟然从事这类琐事。
③ He employed a gardener for the heavy digging.
_______________________________
他雇了一名花匠干挖土的重活。
④ What college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream is to have well-paid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest.
_________________________________________________________________________
大学生主要关心的是就业, 他们的梦想是有高薪的工作, 他们可以充分地生活。
归纳拓展
忙于（做某事） ________________________________
雇主, 老板n. ___________
雇工, 雇员n. ___________
employment n. 雇用
unemployment n. 失业
unemployed adj. 失业的
全职/兼职工作 _________________________________
失业水平/率 _________________________________
be employed in （doing sth.）
employer
employee
full-time/part-time employment
the level/rate of unemployment
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He is employing himself _____ compiling a dictionary of English idioms.
in
② But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other ____________ （employ）.
employees
③ Faced with the increasing _______________ （employment）, many people went on strike in most of the European countries.
unemployment
（2） 单句写作
④ [2018江苏卷, 阅读理解] 艺术机构雇用了1万多名全职或兼职员工。
____________________________________________________________________________________
Arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-time or part-time employees.
3.along with与……一起; 除……之外, 还有（ = together with = with）
Pine and bamboo groves were added later, along with a pond and an island. （教材 P53）后来又增加了松树和竹林, 以及一个池塘和一个岛屿。
典例翻译
① Along with these physical changes, there come many psychological changes.
___________________________________________________
伴随着这些生理变化而来的, 还有很多心理上的变化。
② All we need is some creativity along with plenty of time and practice.
_________________________________________________
我们所需要的是一些创造力以及大量的时间和练习。
③ He along with his wife and his family was facing trouble now.
_________________________________
他们夫妻一家那时正面临着麻烦。
④ Only when we follow the laws of nature can we better get along with it.
_________________________________________________
我们只有遵循自然法则才能更好地与环境和谐共处。
⑤ She invited everyone she knew to come along.
_______________________________
她邀请了所有认识的人一起来。
归纳拓展
主语后面有along/together with, with, besides, but, except, including, like, as well as, rather than等词或词组引出的短语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致。
（事情）进展; 与……相处 ____________________
过来, 跟我走 _____________
take sth. along with sb. 随身带着某物
all along 一直, 始终
get along/on with
come along
学以致用
（1） 完成句子
① 一般来说, 他很容易相处。
Generally speaking, he is easy ____________________ .
to get along with
② 如果你愿意, 和我们一起去吧。
_____________________ ，if you like.
Come along with us
（2） 单句写作
③ [2019江苏卷] 这位音乐家连同他的乐队成员在过去三个月的时间里已经演出了十场。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.
4.come about 发生; 产生
This came about because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts, senses and fighting abilities that animals possess in order to survive in the wild. （教材P55）这是因为许多中国武术家欣赏动物们为了在野外生存而拥有的自然本能、感官和战斗能力。
典例翻译
① Many traffic accidents came about as a result of the driver’s drink-driving.
_________________________________________
许多交通事故都是由司机酒后驾车造成的。
② I came across this old picture in a book the other day.
_______________________________________
那天我偶然在一本书中看到这张旧照片。
③ The war broke out in 1931 and lasted 14 years before China finally won.
___________________________________________________________
这场战争于1931年爆发, 持续14年后, 中国才取得了最终胜利。
④ It occurred to me that she didn’t know I had moved into the new house.
___________________________________________
我突然想起来她还不知道我已经搬到了新家。
归纳拓展
（偶然）碰到, 遇见 ______________
（书、唱片等）出版, 发行 ___________
提出; 想出 _______________
（战争、殴斗、疾病等）爆发 ____________
某人突然想到…… ____________________________
come true 实现
come to an end 结束
come across
come out
come up with
break out
It occurred to sb. that…
学以致用
用所学短语的适当形式填空
① The meaning of this word will ______________ to you sooner or later.
come across
② To some extent, what you _______________ is practical.
came up with
③ —What on earth are the police busy with —They have been looking into how the plane crash _____________.
came about
④ That magazine ____________ once a month.
comes out
否定词+比较级：nowhere…better…than…“没有比这更好的地方了（这是最好的地方）”
Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou. （教材P53）没有什么地方比美丽的苏州留园更能说明这一点。
典例翻译
① Nothing is easier than this. = Nothing is so easy as this.
___________________
这是最容易的事。
② No film character has ever been more widely enjoyed than her.
___________________________________
没有哪个电影角色比她更受欢迎了。
③ —Do you think our basketball players played very well yesterday —They couldn’t have done better.
___________________________________________
_______________________
——你认为我们的篮球队员昨天打得很好吗？
——他们打得非常好。
归纳拓展
最高级意义的多种表达法：
（1）the+形容词（副词）最高级
（2）否定词+形容词（副词）比较级（+than）
（3）否定词+so/as+形容词（副词）原级+as（4）比较级 ＋ than ＋
学以致用
一句多译
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
① Tom is ___________ intelligent student in his class.
the most
② No one is _______ intelligent than Tom in his class.
more
③ Tom is more intelligent than ____________ student in his class.
any other
④ Tom is more intelligent than _________ the other students in his class.
any of
⑤ Tom is more intelligent than all ____________ students in his class.
⑥ Tom is more intelligent than anyone _______ in his class.
the other
⑦ _________ is as intelligent as Tom in his class.
else
No one
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important __________ （grow） your own food.
to grow
2. Because his family couldn’t afford _________ （pay） the school fees, he had to drop out of school at an early age.
to pay
3. It’s important for us _________ （pay） attention to our health which is the foundation of our work and learning.
to pay
it
4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _____ difficult to tell one from the other.
5. Most people have to leave home for higher education or _____________ （employ）.
employment
being punished/punishment
6. To avoid ____________________________ （punish）, he lied to his teacher that a dog had eaten his homework.
having failed
7. In 1972, after ________________ （fail） more than 190 times, Tu finally made an extract called qinghaosu that was effective against malaria.
Adding/To add
8. ________________ （add） Beijing Opera to the basic education in China is a big step to promote traditional art.
9. Whatever our hobbies are, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy ________ （do） them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
10. Helping others _____ （be） a good thing, because we can get some enjoyment out of it.
doing
is
11. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious ______________ （inspire） on a budget.
inspiration
12. There’s no need to bring up his past when we are considering him for _____________ （employ）.
employment
13. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and ______________ （tradition） Chinese elements.
traditional
14. If we continue destroying and wasting the __________ （nature） resources like this, we will run out of them sooner or later.
15. If you develop AIDS, your chances of ___________ （survive） are very small.
natural
survival
16. I’d like to congratulate you on your wonderful ______________ （perform）.
performance
17. I finally got to experience them first-hand, during the _________ （fly） to Frankfurt.
flight
closely
18. The baby birds that most __________ （close） imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.
19. We can ask our students to create something in response to one of the books they’ve read and bring that ___________ （create） in to share on the first day of the school.
creation
20. It is thought that the scenery of the West Lake is ____________ （beauty） beyond description.
beautiful
Ⅱ. 语境选词
be known as, be used as, take inspiration from, vary from, along with, be add to, seek solutions to, employ oneself in, crash into, come about
1. Professor Wang has ______________________ researching the wildlife protection in the recent five years.
employed himself in
2. Languages ____________ country to country. They differ not only in written and spoken languages but also in gestures.
vary from
taking inspiration from
3. I have been used to __________________________ everything I read and everyone I come into contact with.
4. My concentration was distracted and suddenly I realised I was about to _____________ the car in front.
5. The young policeman _______________ a hero as he saved a drowning girl in freezing water.
crash into
6. He insisted that his name should ______________ the list of the medical team sent to the disaster-stricken area.
was known as
be added to
7. How did the differences between British English and American English _____________
come about
8. The umbrella was not invented as a protection against rain. It ______________ a shade against the sun at first.
was used as
9. Experts suggested having a public hearing to ____________________ water problems.
10. Mr. Green, _____________ his wife and children, has come to China.
seek solutions to
along with
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. 早睡早起是个好习惯。（动名词作主语）
________________________________________________________________
Going to bed early and getting up/rising early is a good habit.
2. 我们在实施这项计划方面有困难。（have difficulty in）
_______________________________________________
We have difficulty in carrying out the plan.
3. 每个人迟早都需要理解并帮助解决问题。（need to do）
___________________________________________________________________________
Sooner or later everyone needs to understand and help solve problems.
4. 知道如何对抗懒惰对每个人来说都是很重要的。（动名词作主语; 疑问词+不定式）
__________________________________________________________
Knowing how to fight laziness is important to everyone.
5. 他拒绝接受这份工作, 因为他认为工资令人不满意。（v.-ing作表语）
_________________________________________________________________________________
He refused to accept the job because he thought the salary was not satisfying.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2021辽宁阜新市第二高级中学期末]
Sydney’s Royal Botanic Gardens are to start a war on gray-headed flying foxes. These super bats have invaded one of Australia’s most famous public spaces. Officials have said the animals are destroying trees and have to move on.
These unwanted guests at Sydney’s Royal Botanic Gardens look like tiny foxes with wings.
Officials have estimated there are about 11,000 of them living in the harbor-side park. After inspecting damage to dozens of trees, they now believe there are twice as many as previously thought. Branches have been breaking under the weight of these furry invaders and their droppings have been poisoning plants.
Help may well be at hand, however, in the shape of the ordinary garbage bin.
The gardens’ director Dr. Tim Entwistle hopes the unpleasant sounds of crashing bin lids will agitate the flying foxes and force them to move on. “The way to disturb them is to use noises, so we used the loud noises made by rubbish bins in the past. You can also use speakers as long as you move the noise around, and what we’ll do is to have a series of noises, at the beginning and end of the day. What we found in the past is that the flying foxes left the gardens and went somewhere else,” said Tim.
The gray-headed flying fox is Australia’s largest bat. It flies around at night using its eyes and a powerful sense of smell to search for fruit and flowers. Officials at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney have said they’re optimistic that the unwelcome colony can be uprooted. If and when the bats do move to other parts of the city they will of course then become someone else’s problem.
1. Why do people want to get rid of the flying foxes ( )
A. Because the gardens are important public places.
B. Because they are polluting the city.
C. Because many garbage bins have been damaged by them.
D. Because they’re threatening the survival of trees and other plants.
D
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是悉尼皇家植物园遭受了超级蝙蝠的入侵。这些超级蝙蝠因像长着翅膀的狐狸又被称为飞狐。飞狐对植物损害严重, 为此要用噪音将它们赶走, 迫使它们飞到其他地区。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】由第二段的After inspecting damage to dozens of trees 及 Branches have been breaking under the weight of these furry invaders and their droppings have been poisoning plants. 可知, 这种飞狐对树木和其他植物损害严重, 所以人们想赶走它们。故选D项。
2. What are people doing to get rid of the flying foxes ( )
A. Shooting them. B. Making loud noises.
C. Shaking the trees hard. D. Cutting some trees down.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】由倒数第二段的 “The way to disturb them is to use noises, so we used the loud noises made by rubbish bins in the past. You can also use speakers as long as you move the noise around, and what we’ll do is to have a series of noises, at the beginning and end of the day.”
（“干扰它们的方法就是使用噪音, 所以我们过去就使用垃圾箱发出的噪音。你也可以使用扬声器, 只要你到处移动噪音, 我们要做的就是在一天的开始和结束时有一系列的噪音。”）可知, 人们通过制造噪音赶走飞狐。
故选B项。
3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “agitate” in Paragraph 3 ( )
A. Excite. B. Kill. C. Disturb. D. Discourage.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词后的“The way to disturb them is to use noises, so we used the loud noises made by rubbish bins in the past.”可知, 用垃圾箱引起的噪音可以干扰它们, 而画线词所在句的表示垃圾箱的噪音将会让飞狐不安, 迫使它们离开。所以可推知agitate的意思是“打扰”, 故选C项。
4. What does the writer imply from the last paragraph ( )
A. The bats will still stay in the gardens.
B. Some other areas will have to deal with the bats.
C. The gray-headed flying fox often eats trees.
D. The damage caused by the bats is serious.
B
（如果蝙蝠真的迁移到城市的其他地区, 那么它们当然会成为其他人的问题。）可知, 如果蝙蝠去了其他地区, 那么就会给其他地区造成危害, 所以其他地区也将会处理蝙蝠带来的问题。故选B项。
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段的If and when the bats do move to other parts of the city they will of course then become someone else’s problem.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
A
[2020西藏自治区拉萨中学高二月考]
Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize-which is often referred to 1.________ the Nobel Prize in architecture-on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen 2.___________ （win） this award. Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art （CAA）. His office 3._______________ （locate） at the Xiangshan campus （校
as
to win
is located
园） of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his 4.______________ （origin） creations.
Wang’s 5.___________ （work） show a deep understanding of modern architecture and 6._______ good knowledge of traditions. Wang 7.______________ （believe） traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once 8._____________ （exist）,” he said. Wang thinks the study
works
a
believes
existed
original
of traditions should 9._________________ （combine） with practice. 10._______________ ，the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty.
be combined
Otherwise
1. _____
as
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文介绍了中国著名建筑师王澍的建筑成就及设计理念。
考查固定短语。句意：王澍, 一位49岁的中国建筑师, 于2月28日获得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖, 该奖项通常被称为建筑领域的诺贝尔奖。句中涉及固定短语be referred to as, 意为“被称为……, 被认为是……”, 此处表示普利兹克建筑奖被称为建筑领域的诺贝尔奖。故填as。
2. _________
to win
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意：他是第一个获得此奖项的中国公民。分析句子结构可知, 句中涉及固定结构the first … to do …, 意为“第一个做某事的……”。当名词前有the first/last/next/best/only等修饰时, 通常用动词不定式作后置定语, win意为“赢得”, 不定式符号to后接动词原形, 表示他是第一个获得此奖项的中国公民。故填to win。
3. _____________
is located
[解析] 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他的办公室位于该大学在浙江省杭州市的象山校区。分析语境可知, 句子陈述的是客观事实, 故应用一般现在时。be located in…意为“坐落于……”, 故填is located。
4. ___________
original
[解析] 考查形容词。句意：校园里的许多建筑都是他独创的。分析句子成分可知, creations为creation的复数形式, 意为“作品, 创作”, 名词词性, 其前应用形容词修饰; origin意为“起源”, 名词词性, 对应的形容词为original, 意为“独创的”, 在此处表示独创的作品, 符合句意。故填original。
5. ________
works
[解析] 考查名词。句意：王的作品显示了他对现代建筑的深刻理解和对传统的精通。分析句子成分可知, work意为“作品”时, 为可数名词; 根据上文内容可知, 王澍的作品不止一个, 故应用work的复数形式works, 在句中作主语。故填works。
6. ____
a
[解析] 考查固定短语。句意：王的作品显示了他对现代建筑的深刻理解和对传统的精通。句中涉及固定短语a good knowledge of…, 意为“熟知……, 精通……”。句中指王澍精通传统文化。故填a。
7. ___________
believes
[解析] 考查动词的时态。句意：王认为传统不应该封在博物馆的玻璃盒子里。分析语境可知, 句子表达的是人物的观点态度, 为客观事实, 故应用一般现在时; believe意为“相信, 认为”, 动词词性, 句子主语Wang为单个人名, 故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填believes。
8. __________
existed
[解析] 考查动词的时态。句意：他说：“这只是传统曾经存在的证据。”此处once意为“曾经”; 根据句意及once可知, 此处描述过去的事实, 即“存在”的动作发生在过去, 故此处应用一般过去时, 又exist的过去式为existed。故填existed。
9. ______________
be combined
[解析] 考查被动语态。句意：王认为研究传统应该与实践相结合。分析句子成分可知, traditions（传统）与combine（结合）之间为被动关系, 即传统被与实践结合, 故应用被动语态。句中有情态动词should, 情态动词的被动语态形式为“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”, 又combine的过去分词为combined。故填be combined。
10. ____________
Otherwise
[解析] 考查副词。句意：否则, 对传统的再创造将是人为的和空洞的。空格处位于句首, 且用逗号和后面句子分开。otherwise意为“否则, 要不然”, 副词词性, 放在句首, 相当于on the contrary。文中表示传统应该与实践相结合, 否则对传统的再创造将是人为的和空洞的, otherwise符合句子逻辑关系, 句首单词首字母大写。故填Otherwise。
B
[2020江苏南京大学附属中学高二期中]
The world’s longest cross-sea bridge-Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge （HZMB） opened on October 24, 2018. The Guardian described it as one of the seven 1._____________ （wonder） of the modern world. The HZMB, 2.__________ links Hong Kong and Macao to Zhuhai, began in 2009 and cost about 120 billion yuan. It’s designed 3._____________ （have） a service life of 120 years, 20 years longer than most bridges. And it’s not only a bridge, but also part tunnel （隧道） and part island.
wonders
which
to have
In one section, the bridge turns into a 6.7 km undersea tunnel that 4.___________ （pass） through two man-made islands. The tunnel is the world’s longest undersea tunnel for road traffic, 5.______________ （allow） large ships to continue passing through the sea area above the tunnel. The bridge’s engineers had to take many environmental factors 6.__________ consideration in order to protect the surrounding environment while 7.______________ （build） the bridge. The HZMB will make
passes
allowing
into
building
8._______much more convenient to shorten the travel time from Hong Kong to Zhuhai from four hours to about 45 minutes.
By drawing local cities and regions closer together, the bridge will help the area’s development 9.____________ （great）. It is expected to drive the economic 10._________________ （develop） of Hong Kong, Macao and nine Guangdong cities.
greatly
development
it
1. __________
wonders
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了连接香港、珠海和澳门的港珠澳大桥的概况, 以及建成后预计对周边地区的影响。
考查名词的数。句意：《卫报》将其称为现代世界七大奇迹之一。wonder“奇迹”为可数名词, 被seven修饰, 应用复数形式。故填wonders。
2. ________
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。句意：连接香港、澳门和珠海的港珠澳大桥于2009年开工, 耗资约1,200亿元。此处引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词The HZMB, 关系词在定语从句中作主语, 指物, 应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3. __________
to have
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的设计寿命为120年, 比大多数桥梁长20年。固定短语be designed to do表示“为……而设计”, 不定式表示目的。故填to have。
4. _________
passes
[解析] 考查动词的时态。句意：在其中一部分, 大桥变成了6.7千米长的海底隧道, 穿过两个人工岛。that引导的定语从句修饰先行词tunnel, pass在从句中充当谓语, 描述客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 且先行词tunnel为单数, 应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填passes。
5. ___________
allowing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意：该隧道是世界上最长的海底道路交通隧道, 允许大型船舶继续通过隧道上方的海域。allow与The tunnel之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作状语。故填allowing。
6. _______
into
[解析] 考查介词。句意：桥梁的工程师们在建造桥梁的同时, 为了保护周围的环境, 不得不考虑许多环境因素。固定短语take…into consideration表示“将……考虑其中”。故填into。
7. ___________
building
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略, 省略了主语和be动词, 且build与engineers构成主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。故填building。
8. _____
it
[解析] 考查it作形式宾语。句意：港珠澳大桥将会使香港至珠海的车程十分方便, 由4小时缩短至约45分钟。固定结构“make it+adj.+to do sth.”中动词不定式to do sth. 是make的真正宾语, it是形式宾语。故填it。
9. __________
greatly
[解析] 考查副词。句意：通过拉近当地城市和地区之间的距离, 这座桥将极大地促进该地区的发展。修饰动词help, 应用副词。故填greatly。
10. ______________
development
[解析] 考查名词。句意：预计它将推动香港、澳门和广东九个城市的经济发展。根据空前the及空后of可知, 应使用名词形式。故填development。(共107张PPT)
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 教材译文
Back to Nature Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1, 500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time. 回归大自然
陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人, 但是一位生活在古代中国,另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看, 这两个人生活在不同的时代, 相隔近一千五百年, 迥然不同。然而, 他们都非常尊重自然, 这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
教材原文 教材译文
Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Taofelt conflicted overlife at court. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain. 为了重归自然, 两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员, 但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年, 陶渊明辞去了官职, 以表达他对仕途的不满, 用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life wasarduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and indrawing pleasure from nature. 在之后的22年里, 直到生命的尽头, 他躬耕于田野, 生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出, 尽管生活艰苦, 但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感, 并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle hewas opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond,focusing onhimself and his writing. 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应, 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活, 但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天, 他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里,专注于自身和写作。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
He explained his reason for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life.”Both men were happy towithdraw fromcontemporary life, seekinga harmonious relationship with naturein the quietness of their lives. 他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因:“我步入丛林, 是因为我希望自由地生活, 只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals aredomestic ones, such as chickens and dogs. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrastto and critical of the depressive court ife: 尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同, 但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄, 换句话说, 是田园。他的动物们都是家养的, 比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活, 与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比, 是对压抑的官场生活的批判:
续表
教材原文 教材译文
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village, The smoke above reluctant to depart. A dog is barking somewhere down the lane, And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree. 暧暧远人村,
依依墟里烟。
狗吠深巷中,
鸡鸣桑树颠。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.Devoting himself toobservations of thenatural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau’s writingaimed toconvince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts, as he describes in his journals: 梭罗在描述自然时, 重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中, 并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服, 动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处, 享受大自然的恩赐, 正如他在日记中描述的那样：
续表
教材原文 教材译文
Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines. 好好度过每一个季节, 呼吸新鲜的空气, 畅饮美酒, 品尝水果,尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。
续表
教材原文 教材译文
It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try tolive closer tonature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflectivelives with fewer material desires. In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. 像陶渊明和梭罗那样, 拒绝简单熟悉的事物, 转而尝试亲近大自然, 这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活, 物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界, 他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法, 可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
续表
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. ___________ / ‘v ljue t/v. 评估, 评价→ _____________ / ‘v lju’e n/n. 估计; 评价
evaluate
evaluation
2. ___________ /w 'dr :/v. 退出→ _____________ /w 'dr : l/n. 收回; 取回; 撤回; 撤走; 取款
withdraw
withdrawal
3. _____________ /d 'pres v/adj. 抑郁的→ _____________ /d 'pre n/n. 沮丧; 消沉; 抑郁症→ __________ /d 'pres/vt. 使抑郁; 使沮丧; 使萧条
depressive
depression
depress
purity
pure
4. _________ /'pj r ti/n. 纯洁, 洁净→ _______ /pj r/adj. 纯的, 纯净的→ _________ /'pj r fa /vt. 净化
purify
resign
5. _________ /r 'za n/v. 安于, 使自己顺从于(做某事)→ ______________ /'rez ɡ'ne n/n. 辞职; 辞职信; 顺从
resignation
reject
rejection
7. ___________ /d 'skra b/vt.描述, 形容; 把……称为→ ______________ /d 'skr p n/n. 描述, 描写
6. _________ /r 'd ekt/v. 冷落, 嫌弃; 厌恶→ ____________ /r 'd ek n/n. 拒绝, 抵制
describe
description
8. _______________ /k n’s d r b /adj.相当多(大、重要等)的→ ________________ /k n’s d 're n/n. 仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素; 体谅, 顾及→ ___________/k n’s d (r)/v.考虑; 认为→ ______________ /k n’s d r t/adj.考虑周到的, 体贴的→ ______________ /k n’s d r /prep.考虑到, 鉴于, 就……而言
consideration
considerable
consider
considerate
considering
opposed
oppose
9. __________ / 'p zd/adj. 反对的; 对立的→ _________ / 'p z/vt. 反对, 抵制, 阻挠; 与……竞争→ ___________ / 'p s t/adj. 相反的; prep. 在……的对面
opposite
10. _______ /i: z/n. 舒适, 悠闲→ ___________ /'i: zm nt/n. 安逸; 安乐
ease
easement
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. be opposed to _______
反对
2. focus on _______
关注
3. aim to _______
目的
4. in return ___________
作为回报
5. reaction to _______
反应
6. 对比 _________________
in contrast to
7. 顺从 ____________________
resign oneself to
8. 从……退出 ________________
withdraw from
9. 闲适 __________
at ease
a harmonious relationship with nature
10. 与自然和谐的关系 ________________________________________
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 while连接并列分句, 表对比
教材原句 While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应, 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
中文例句 汤姆很擅长理科, 而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。
句式仿写 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
While Tom’s very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless.
2.
句型公式 现在分词作状语
教材原句 Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life,seekinga harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. 两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
中文例句 他集中精力学习, 没有注意到我进来。
句式仿写 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Concentrating his attention on his study, he didn’t notice me coming in.
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court ( )
A. Because he was an influential figure of their day.
B. Because he felt conflicted over life at court.
C. Because he wanted to work the land.
D. Because he liked living in a rural area.
B
2. How did Thoreau feel about his life in the forest ( )
A. Pleased. B. Puzzled.
C. Disappointed. D. Bored.
A
3. What did Thoreau describe in his writings ( )
A. Fields and villages. B. Chickens and dogs.
C. Animals and plants. D. Mountains and rivers.
C
4. What should we do if we want to attain personal well-being and fulfilment ( )
A. Live closer to nature. B. Increase material desires.
C. Walk a lot in the forest. D. Share a respect for nature.
A
背景导学
通过本栏目的学习, 经过比较、分析并联系自身实际, 积极探索自然和向自然界学习, 深化对单元主题的理解与认识。
【教材原文】
The Meaning of Struggle
One day, a man found the pupa of a butterfly. Seeing an opening in the pupa, he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge. So he sat down and watched as the butterfly struggled to force its body through the little hole. However, minutes passed and the butterfly still couldn’t get out. The struggle was too hard for
its weak body. The man then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa so that the butterfly could finally break free. But instead of flying away, it just dragged itself around weakly, then died. The struggle to break out of the pupa was necessary for the butterfly’s survival because it enabled its wings and body to grow strong. Without the struggle, it was too weak to live.
In the same way, we need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some difficult things if we really wish to spread our wings and fly.
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的英文演讲稿。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1. 愿意做; 为……做准备 _________________
be ready to do
2. 对……是有困难的 ______________
be hard for
3. 打破; 冲破藩篱 ______________
break…free
4. 同样地; 以同样的方式 __________________
in the same way
5. 变得强壮 ______________
grow strong
【句型运用】
1. 今天我要做一个关于“奋斗的意义”的演讲。
________________________________________________________________
Today I will give a speech about “The Meaning of Struggle”.
2. 曾经有一个人在蛹里看到了一个开口。他意识到蝴蝶就要破茧而出了。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Once a man saw an opening in the pupa and he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge.
3. 他坐下来看着蝴蝶挣扎, 发现蝴蝶虚弱的身体挣扎得太艰难了, 于是他仁慈地把蛹上的洞扩大, 想让它破开, 结果蝴蝶就死了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He sat down and watched the butterfly struggle, and found the struggle was too hard for its weak body, so he then kindly enlarged the hole to break it free, thus leading to its death.
4. 蝴蝶必须努力挣脱蛹, 因为这样才能使翅膀和身体茁壮成长。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
The struggle to break out of the pupa enabled the butterfly’s wings and body to grow strong.
5. 同样, 我们也需要奋斗才能茁壮成长、生存下去。
_______________________________________________________________
Similarly, we also need struggle to grow strong and survive.
6. 我们要想展翅飞翔, 就必须经历一些困难。
_______________________________________________________________________________
We must go through some difficulties if we want to spread our wings and fly.
【句式升级】
1. 用时间状语从句升级句2。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
When a man saw an opening in the pupa, he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge.
2. 用分词短语作状语升级句3。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sitting down and watching the butterfly struggle, he found it was too hard for its weak body, so he then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa to break it free, thus leading to its death.
【串句成文】
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
___________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Good morning, everybody!
Today I will give a speech about “The Meaning of Struggle”. When a man saw an opening in the pupa, he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge. Sitting down and watching the butterfly struggle, he found it was too hard for its weak body, so he then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa to break it free, thus leading to its death.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
The struggle to break out of the pupa enabled the butterfly’s wings and body to grow strong. Similarly, we also need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some difficulties if we want to spread our wings and fly.
Thanks for your attention!
假设你是李华, 你们学校要举行一个主题为“Nature is our best teacher”的英语作文比赛, 请根据你对下图的理解用英语写一篇参赛文章, 内容包括:
1. 简要描述图画内容;
2. 概述图画内容对你的启示。
注意:1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分范文Nature is often regarded as our best teacher, so it’s not surprising for us to draw wisdom from it. If we carefully observe and study it, we will take inspiration from it. As the picture shows, there are two birds, one sleeping while the other with a worm in its mouth.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This presents a well-known Chinese idiom: The early bird catches the worm.The idiom reminds us of the importance of diligence. Also, it is a metaphor that preparation plays an important role on the road to success. Opportunities are always for those prepared minds. Only when we are well-prepared can we make achievements, attaining our goals.
[解析] 写作指导
体裁 议论文
人称 第一、三人称
时态 以一般现在时为主
要点 第一段: 介绍图画, 引出主题第二段: 图画内容的启示
高级短语及句式
1. be regarded as 被当作……
2. take inspiration from从……中获得灵感
3. Nature is often regarded as our best teacher, so it’s not surprising for us to draw wisdom from it. 大自然常常被认为是我们最好的老师, 所以我们从大自然中汲取智慧并不奇怪。
4. Only when we are well-prepared can we make achievements, attaining our goals. 只有当我们准备充分, 我们才能取得成就, 达到我们的目标。
1. withdraw v. 退出
Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. (教材P57)两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
典例翻译
① The general decided to withdraw his soldiers.
_____________________
那位将军决定撤军。
② He failed to withdraw his remarks and apologize.
_____________________________
他既没收回言论, 也没道歉。
③ He was forced to withdraw from the competition due to injury.
_______________________________
由于受伤, 他不得不退出比赛。
④ You can withdraw money from the bank at any time.
_________________________
您可以随时从银行提款。
归纳拓展
（1） 从……退出, 撤回 ________________
从银行取款 _______________________________ 收回发言 ____________________
withdraw from
withdraw money from the bank
withdraw a remark
（2） _____________ n. 收回; 取回; 撤回; 撤退; 撤走; 取款
withdrawal
学以致用
单句填空
① Tell the men to withdraw _______ their new position.
from
② I’d like to withdraw 1,000 dollars _______ my savings account and put it in my cheque account.
from
③ He has made several ______________ （withdrawal）from his bank account.
withdrawals
④ It is still unknown how many troops Israel ________________ at the current stage and when it will finish a complete _____________ . （withdraw）
will withdraw
withdrawal
2. resign v. 使自己顺从于（做）某事; 安于; 辞职; 辞去（工作、职位等）
Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. （教材P57）好好度过每一个季节, 呼吸（新鲜的）空气, 畅饮（美）酒, 品尝水果, 尽情享受这一切。
典例翻译
① Wilberforce then resigned from the government in 1825 and died in 1833.
____________________________________________
威尔伯福斯于1825年从政府辞职,1833年去世。
② My father resigned his position last year.
___________________________
我的父亲去年辞去了职务。
③ In no situation shall we resign ourselves to our fate.
_____________________________________
在任何情况下, 我们都不能听天由命。
④ The mother was unwilling to resign the child to the care of her relatives.
___________________________________________
那位母亲不愿意把自己的孩子交给亲戚照看。
归纳拓展
从……辞职 ________________
辞去职务 ______________________________
听任/顺从/只好接受（做）某事 __________________________________
把……托付给…… _______________
resign from…
resign one’s post/position
resign oneself to （doing）sth.
resign…to…
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① I resign my son _____ your care while I am away.
to
② You must resign yourselves to _________（wait）a bit longer.
waiting
③ She resigned _______ the committee because she needed to take care of her disabled husband.
from
（2） [2020天津卷, 单项选择] 单句写作
④罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了, 他不得不自己打字。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
3. ease n. 舒适, 放松, 悠闲 vt. 减轻（痛苦、忧虑）; 缓和
In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. （教材P57）在今天这个现代世界里, 他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法, 可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足更近一步。
典例翻译
① The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile-its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.
_________________________________________________________________
最通用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和使人感到自在。
② My parents are retired and now live a life of ease.
_______________________________________________
现在, 我的父母都退休了, 过着安闲舒适的生活。
③ He won first prize in English Spoken Competition with ease.
___________________________________
他轻松地获得英语口语竞赛第一名。
④ She is the kind of person who can always put others at ease.
_______________________________________
她是那种总是能让人感觉轻松自在的人。
⑤ The plan should ease the traffic jam in the town.
_________________________________________
这个计划对城里的交通堵塞情况有所缓解。
归纳拓展
舒适; 快活; 自由自在 __________
感到/看上去心情放松 ____________________
容易地; 毫不费劲地 ____________
使某人感到轻松自在; 使某人安心 __________________
at ease
feel/look at ease
with ease
put sb. at ease
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He handed her a cup of coffee to put her _____ ease.
at
② Now he can put his mind at ease because he has passed the examination _______ ease.
with
（2） [2019江苏卷, 书面表达] 单句写作
③我们每天穿着校服感到轻松自在。
____________________________________________________
We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day.
4. evaluate v. 评估, 评价
A comparative essay compares, contrasts and evaluates two or more topics. （教材P58）比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。
典例翻译
① I can’t evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
_____________________________________________
我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评论他的能力。
② The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard to evaluate its success now.
_____________________________________________________
该学校仅开办了六个月, 所以现在还很难估计它的成就。
③ Superiors would evaluate a plainclothesman(便衣警察) on his dependability.
_________________________________________________
上级评价一个便衣警察的标准是看他是否忠诚可靠。
④ The writer made the evaluation of evidential matter in two ways.
_________________________________
作者从两方面对证据进行了评价。
归纳拓展
（1） 根据……评价某人 _____________________
evaluate sb. on/by
（2） evaluation n. 估计; 评价
对……进行评估 ________________________
make an evaluation of
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① We must evaluate her ability ________ her work.
on/by
② At present, there exist some problems in the evaluation of teachers. Schools should perfect the means of _____________ . (evaluate)
evaluation
（2） 句型转换
③We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire.
→We must ________________________ the consequences caused by the fire.
make an evaluation of
现在分词作状语
Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. (教材P57)两个人都很乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
典例翻译
① My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.
_________________________________________
我的表兄去深圳了, 希望在那儿找份工作。
② Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
_______________________________________
听到这个消息, 他们都高兴得跳了起来。
③ Living far from the school, I have to get up early every morning.
_____________________________________
由于住得离学校远, 我必须每天早起。
④ Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups.
___________________________________________
严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
归纳拓展
（1）现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的, 可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
（2）有些分词作状语, 没有逻辑上的主语, 已成为习惯用法: considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。
学以致用
单句填空
① ___________ (assume)that it is true, what should we do now
Assuming
② _________(rush) out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.
Rushing
③ The child fell, __________(strike) his head against the door.
striking
④ In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, ____________ (suffer) several killer quakes.
suffering
Judging
⑤ __________ (judge)by the direction of the wind, it won’t rain today.
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. Looking at it ________________ (表面地), it is a good deal for the three parties.
superficially
2. ________ (乡村的) people stuck firmly to their old ways and were suspicious of anything slightly different.
Rural
3. Bollywood is a _________ (相当好的) refreshing replacement for those over-stimulating Hollywood films.
decent
cottages
4. Newly-built wooden ___________ (乡村小屋) line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.
domestic
5. In the ___________ (国内的)market, regions outside Guangdong should be paid increasing attention to.
6. Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is ____________ (勉强的) to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
reluctant
depart
7. The train to Beijing will _________ (离开) from Platform 3 in half an hour.
lane
8. The _______ (小路) is the boundary between our land and theirs.
atop
9. The picture shows us _______ (在……顶上) a high hill.
attained
10. He ___________ (获得) success through hard work.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in return for; draw…from; reaction to; withdraw from; resign oneself to; be described as; in other words; in contrast to; devote oneself to; go through
1. _________________ my previous impression, the atmosphere here is not tense at all.
In contrast to
2. We can _______ some lessons for the future _______ this accident.
draw
from
3. I’d like to treat you to a meal ________________ your timely help.
in return for
4. You can’t control what happens but you can control your ______________ it.
reaction to
5. John ___________ from school a year before he graduated due to the incident of his home.
withdrew
go through
6. All the trials you _____________ will increase your independence, teach you a lesson and give you a wonderful
resigned herself to
7. She was not a woman who ______________________ fate, so she gained respect from others.
8. With the final exam approaching, we should limit our time on the WeChat and ______________________ our study.
devote ourselves to
9. Venice has long ____________________ one of the most romantic cities in the world.
been described as
10. They asked him to leave; _________________ , he was fired.
in other words
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Although separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1._______ (share) an intense respect for nature. Conflicted over life at court, in 405, Tao quit the service of the court for good, 2.___________ (express) his unhappiness in his poems, finding contentment in simplicity and drawing pleasure from nature. 3.__________ (similar), Thoreau wanted to live in a simpler way, focusing on 4._______ (him) and his writing. While they did not
shared
expressing
Similarly
himself
treat nature in quite the same way, their 5._______ (work) show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and 6._______ (pure) of the wild areas around him. The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life. On 7.___________________, Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper 8.________ we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts.
works
purity
the other hand
as
During their times, it took great courage 9.__________ (reject) the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature. Nowadays, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those 10.______________ want personal well-being and fulfilment.
to reject
who
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1. Both powers withdrew their forces _______ the region.
from
2. White represents _________ (pure) in that culture, which is why a bride carries or wears something white on her wedding day.
purity
3. The response of the audience varied from ____________ (reject) to acceptance.
rejection
watching
4. He had to resign himself to ___________ (watch) the European Championships on television.
5. The function of a smile is to show happiness and put people _____ ease.
at
6. If you understand how ______________ (evaluate) yourself, how to research schools, and how to see the differences between one college and another, your chances will be very good.
to evaluate
Ⅱ. 同义替换
at ease, in contrast with/to, withdraw from, resign oneself to, aim at, be opposed to, influential, resign, focus on, reaction to
1. She is one of the most significant figures in local politics. ______________
influential
2. Jim gave up the editorship of the school paper. ___________
resigned
3. We object to counting on a lucky chance. _________________
are opposed to
4. Today we’re going to center on the question of homeless people. ___________
focus on
5. We target success in the examination. _________
aim at
reaction to
6. Their response to the joke is to laugh. ______________
7. We must adapt ourselves to circumstances. ______________________
resign ourselves to
8. Compared with/to your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed. ______________________
In contrast with/to
9. He didn’t feel completely comfortable and relaxed in the strange surroundings. __________
at ease
10. Tell the men to move back from their new position. ________________
withdraw from
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. 虽然汤姆有许多优点, 但他也有缺点。(while引导让步状语从句)
_________________________________________________________
While Tom has many strengths, he has his shortcomings.
2. 他们正力求使失业人数下降50%。（aim to do）
_________________________________________________
They are aiming to reduce unemployment by 50%.
3. 太晚了, 我们赶不上那趟早班公交车了。（too…to…结构）
________________________________________________
It is too late for us to catch the early bus.
4. 正如他在报告中指出的那样, 这种病毒的传播速度之快出人意料。（as引导非限制性定语从句）
________________________________________________________________________
As he pointed out in his report, the virus spreads unexpectedly fast.
5. 他有两个女儿。一个是老师, 另一个是医生。（one…the other…）
__________________________________________________________________
He has two daughters. One is a teacher, and the other is a doctor.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020河南新乡高二期中]
Does just thinking about stepping inside a gym make you feel exhausted If so, here’s some good news. One of the world’s largest studies on physical activity has found that doing household chores（家务事）can be just as effective as running or working out when it comes to cutting your risk of heart disease and extending your life.
A team of researchers discovered that people enjoyed the same health benefits whether they were going to the gym, walking to work or doing household chores. Indeed, performing 30 minutes of any kind of physical activity five days a week could reduce the risk of dying from any causes by 28% and the rate of heart disease by 20%.
And, again, the positive effects were the same whether someone was working out, walking or doing chores such as mopping the floor or gardening.
“Walking for at least 30 minutes most days of the week has a massive benefit, and high levels of physical activity is associated with even lower risk of illness,” lead researcher Scott Lear said about the findings. “By including low and middle-income countries in this study, we were able to determine the benefit of activities such as having an active job or even doing household chores,” Lear said. He noted that 1 in 4 people worldwide do not get 30 minutes of exercise a day, five times a week.
Interestingly enough, the Canadian study found no ceiling on the benefits of exercise and “no risks associated with extremely high levels of physical activity”, defined as more than 2,500 minutes, or more than 41 hours per week. Lear said that those who spent more than 750 minutes walking quickly each week lowered their risk of premature death by 36%.
1. What can we infer about the study from Paragraph 1 ( )
A. Women should do more housework than men.
B. Doing housework may help to live long and healthy.
C. People with heart disease had better do less housework.
D. Doing housework makes people feel less tired than going to gym.
B
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现, 做家务和体育锻炼一样, 能够降低患心脏病的风险和延长寿命。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的“One of the world’s largest studies… heart disease and extending your life.”可推知, 做家务和锻炼一样有助于长寿和健康。故选B项。
2. What does Scott Lear say about his findings on health ( )
A. Sitting long will take the health away.
B. The exercises will make life meaningful.
C. It’s a good idea to walk less than 30 minutes a day.
D. High levels of physical activity can reduce disease risk.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的“‘Walking for at least 30 minutes…about the findings.’”可知, Scott Lear认为高水平的体育活动可以降低患病风险。故选D项。
3. What is the study in the text mainly supported by ( )
A. Statistics. B. Voices.
C. Examples. D. Experiments.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“Indeed, performing 30 minutes of… from any causes by 28% and the rate of heart disease by 20%.”和第四段中的“He noted that 1 in 4 people worldwide do not get 30 minutes of exercise a day, five times a week.”以及最后一段“Interestingly enough, the …each week lowered their risk of premature death by 36%.”可推断, 文章中研究的主要依据是数据。故选A项。
4. Which is the best title for the text ( )
A. Exercise Moves for Better Strength and Balance
B. Risks from High Levels of Physical Activity
C. Household Chores May Be a Secret to Living Longer
D. The Two Factors Determine the Benefit of Activities
C
及全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了一项研究发现, 做家务和体育锻炼一样, 能够降低患心脏病的风险和延长寿命。所以“Household Chores May Be a Secret to Living Longer（做家务可能是长寿的秘诀）”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C项。
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的“One of the world’s largest studies on physical …when it comes to cutting your risk of heart disease and extending your life.”
深度解析
词汇积累
exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的, 疲惫不堪的; 耗尽的 work out 锻炼 extend v. 延伸; 扩大; 扩展 be associated with和……联系在一起; 与……有关 determine v. 决心, 决定
长难句分析
And, again, the positive effects were the same whether someone was working out, walking or doing chores such as mopping the floor or gardening.
再说, 无论某人是在锻炼、散步还是做家务, 如拖地或园艺, 积极影响都是相同的。
分析：本句是主从复合句。whether…or…引导包含选择范围的状语从句。
Ⅱ. 七选五
[2020河南高二月考]
The days start to warm up and daylight lasts longer. 1_______ You should, by now, be seeing spring arriving in your garden, with new growth on your trees and bushes.
With the sun shining stronger, its warmth can be felt and the plants respond accordingly. 2_______ So you need to make sure that you remove them before they take hold. Treat where you can and dig up where you can’t, remember that any treatments you do
G
D
use keep your pets out of the garden for the correct amount of time. We wouldn’t want them to get poorly!
If you have trees to plant then make sure you give them enough compost （堆肥） or manure （粪肥）, to ensure the take to their new homes. 3_______ If not, you can always head to your local garden centre to top up your supplies! And why not pick up more flowers while you’re there for your hanging pots or window sills
4_______ There are a variety of summer-flowering bulbs
F
B
that can also be grown in pots, hanging baskets and other containers, to brighten up a rock garden. In fact, if you plant your bulbs in a container that’s a few sizes smaller than looks comfortable, it’ll help them to burst into bloom. 5_______
So, what will you be planting out in the garden I have a few bulbs to get ready to go into the ground, what’s your favorite flower to plant at this time of a year
E
A. It’s a good idea to try different plants.
B. If you only have small space, don’t worry.
C. If you are not well prepared, it doesn’t matter.
D. Sadly, the weeds are also beginning to come up.
E. You know that means early flowers for indoors!
F. If you are able to use your own home-made-fertilizer then do so.
G. Therefore, it’s time to get out in the garden and plant some plants.
G
1. ____
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。春天到了, 有没有在你家花园中种植花草的计划呢？具体又该如何实施呢？
【解题思路】根据上文“The days start to warm up and daylight lasts longer.”和下文“You should, by now, be seeing spring arriving in your garden, with new growth on your trees and bushes.”可知, 上文提及天气暖和了起来, 下文提及了树木发芽, 因此, 此处应是种植植物。故选G。
2. ____
D
[解析] 【解题思路】根据下文“So you need to make sure that you remove them before they take hold.”可知, 杂草已经长出来了。下文中的“them”显然指代选择项中的“weeds”, 且前后句之间为因果关系。故选D。
3. ____
F
[解析] 【解题思路】根据上文“If you have trees to plant then make sure you give them enough compost （堆肥） or manure （粪肥）, to ensure the take to their new homes.”中的堆肥和粪肥可知, 也可以使用自己自制的肥料。而且下文的“If not”也给出了暗示。选项F中的“home-made-fertilizer”与上文中的“compost”以及“manure”相一致。故选F。
4. ____
B
[解析] 【解题思路】下文提及的都是各种种植花草的地方, 因此本段理应是说明空间问题。所以选项B“如果你只有很小的空间, 不要担心。”符合上下文语境。故选B。
5. ____
E
[解析] 【解题思路】根据上文“In fact, if you plant your bulbs in a container that’s a few sizes smaller than looks comfortable, it’ll help them to burst into bloom.”可知, 上文提及花儿盛开, 自然这里谈到花儿。所以选项E“你知道, 那意味着在室内的花儿要早开!”符合上下文语境。故选E。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Holidays are not necessarily for fun or rest. Doing something meaningful can also gain special pleasure. When the final bell rang, the students were reminded that there was no school on Monday-Labor Day. “Enjoy your extra day off,”said the teacher to her class.
An extra day of fun suited Kayla just fine. She loved breaks. She wanted to go out to play with her friends. When the school bus dropped Kayla off, she ran into the house happily.
“How was school, Kayla ” asked her mom.
“It was great, Mom. I am excited about no school on Monday.”
“You just started back to school two weeks ago. Already in need of a break, huh ” asked Kayla’s mom with a laugh.
Kayla slept in the next morning. Saturday was her favorite day of the week.
It rained most of the day, so Kayla enjoyed playing video games inside. On Sunday, her friends came over and they played basketball for several hours.
Then it was Labor Day, you know, the extra day off that Kayla was so looking forward to. But Kayla was awakened early that morning by her dad. He told Kayla that in honor of Labor Day, the family would be cleaning both inside and outside the house. Kayla couldn’t believe it. This was a holiday.
A day when she was supposed to be enjoying freshly squeezed lemonade while playing in her tree house. As Kayla wiped her eyes, she began to wonder if this was just a bad dream.
“Kayla, your breakfast is ready. We have a lot of work to do today. Let’s get a move on, ”said Kayla’s mom. As she sat down at the kitchen table, Kayla asked her parents,
“Are you serious about working today Isn’t Labor Day a holiday ”
“Yes, Kayla. It is, ”replied her dad. “But your mom and I thought working hard today would make you appreciate why Labor Day was observed in the first place. ”
注意： 续写词数应为150左右。
At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分范文At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday. How eagerly she wanted to go out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But things began to change as she was doing the chores.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
First, Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes. After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath. She knew it was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work. She has begun the work with great unwillingness.
But things began to change as she was doing the chores. Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then it was on to yard work where Kayla helped to pick up sticks. She pretended the small sticks were basketballs, and shot them into a large trash can. So the work was done with great pleasure. Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked. When she finished her meaningful chores, Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree house. The lemonade tasted wonderful after a hard day of work.
[解析] 深度解析
确定故事要素
要素 内容
Who Kayla, her mom and dad
When Labor Day
Where Kayla’s home
What All the family were cleaning both inside and outside the house.
Why They did not have a good rest during the holiday. Her parents wanted to make her appreciate how Labor Day was observed in the first place.
提取故事线索
故事线索The Clue Labor Day-delight and relax-puzzled and curious
开端Beginning Kayla had a holiday due to Labor Day.
发展Development Kayla did nothing but sleep and rest. All the family were busy on Labor Day.
高潮Climax Her parents wanted to make her appreciate how Labor Day meant.
结局Ending 续写部分
续写情境推理
Para. 1: At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.
1. How did Kayla feel
How eagerly she wanted to go out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的心理描写, 利用情感线索推动故事发展。Kayla很抵触。根据续写的语言风格的同一性, 此处用心理描写。）
2. What should Kayla do
Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes. After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath. She has begun the work with great unwillingness.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的动作描写, 利用动作描写给读者画面感, 推动故事发展。此处使用动作描写体现Kayla的勉强。）
3. Was the task easy for Kayla
It was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work.
（续写第一段和第二段首句要合理衔接, 根据第二段首句推断出 Kayla硬着头皮在做。
根据故事情节可推理出她在做家务活的过程中有了改变。）Para. 2: But things began to change as she was doing the chores.
1. What did Kayla think of bathing the puppy Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles. （续写故事要有积极向上的价值观, 体现积极的人生观, 所以和动物相处时要体会到快乐和乐趣。）
2. How did Kayla finish picking up sticks The work was done with great pleasure. （续写要求主题同一, 指续写时要紧扣所给材料的中心, 不得脱离原主题另起炉灶。所以依据所给材料, 孩子做家务的趣味性要有所体现。）
3. How did she feel then Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked. （所给材料中运用丰富的感情描写, 并利用事件线索和感情线索推动故事情节发展。根据续写部分与所给材料的线索同一性, 最后段落要通过心理描写来讲述Kayla理解了劳动的意义。）(共65张PPT)
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1. 单词拼写
① ____________n. 建筑师
architect
② _________adj. 极好的, 出色的
superb
③ ___________n. 知识/物理学等的前沿
frontier
④ _______n. 池塘
pond
⑤ ______v. 播（种）
sow
⑥ _________n. 智慧
wisdom
⑦ _________v. 使用, 运用
employ
attain
⑧ _________v. 得到, 获得
physician
⑨ ____________n. 医生
bow
⑩ ______v. 鞠躬
rural
. ________adj. 农村的, 乡村的
decent
. _________adj. 可接受的, 相当好的
evaluate
. ___________v. 评估, 评价
withdraw
. ___________v. 退出
domestic
. ___________adj. 驯养的; 家养的
depressive
. _____________adj. 抑郁的
purity
. _________n. 纯洁; 洁净
resign
. _________v. 使自己顺从于（做某事）; 安于
botanical
. ____________adj. 植物（学）的
reject
. _________v. 冷落, 嫌弃, 厌弃
2. 拓展单词
① ______________n. 表演, 演出; 表现, 性能→__________v. 执行, 履行; 表演→____________n. 表演者, 演出者
performance
perform
performer
② _________adj. 极好的, 出色的→___________adv. 庄重地; 壮丽地; 极好地
superb
superbly
③ _________vt. 得到, 获得→_____________n. 达到; 造诣; 学识
attain
attainment
④ _________v. 似乎→_____________n. 出现, 公开露面 → ____________v. 消失, 不见→________________n. 消失, 不见
appear
appearance
disappear
disappearance
harmony
harmonious
⑤ __________n. 和谐, 协调, 融洽→_____________adj. 和谐的; 协调的
renew
renewable
⑥ ________vt. 更新→____________adj. 可再生的 → _______________adj. 不可再生的
nonrenewable
⑦ __________adj. 相似的→_____________n. 类似; 相似点
similar
similarity
inspire
inspired
⑧ __________vt. 赋予灵感; 激励, 鼓舞→___________adj. 受……影响的→____________adj. 鼓舞人心的→______________n. 灵感; 启发灵感的人（或事物）
inspiring
inspiration
collect
collection
⑨ __________vt. 收集; 募捐→_____________n. 作品集; 收藏品; 一批（人或物品）
influential
influence
⑩ ______________adj. 有很大影响的, 有支配力的→____________v. 影响, 对……起作用 n. 影响, 作用
avoid
avoidable
. ________v. 避免, 防止; 避开, 躲避→____________adj. 可以避免的→____________n. 避免, 回避
avoidance
create
creator
. _________v. 创造, 创建; 造成→__________n. 创造者 → ___________adj. 有创造性的→_____________n. 创造性, 创造力
creative
creativity
depressive
depression
. _____________adj. 抑郁的→_____________n. 沮丧; 消沉; 抑郁症 → __________vt. 使抑郁; 使沮丧; 使萧条
depress
purity
pure
. _________n. 纯洁, 洁净→_______adj. 纯的, 纯净的 → _________vt. 净化
purify
resign
resignation
. _________v. 安于, 使自己顺从于（做）某事→______________n. 辞职; 辞职信; 顺从
reject
rejection
. _________v. 冷落, 嫌弃; 厌弃→____________n. 拒绝, 抵制
describe
description
. ___________vt. 描述, 形容; 把……称为→______________n. 描述, 描写
considerable
. _______________adj. 相当多（大、重要等）的→________________n. 仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素; 体谅, 顾及→___________v. 考虑; 认为 → ______________adj. 考虑周到的, 体贴的→______________prep. 考虑到, 鉴于, 就……而言
consideration
consider
considerate
considering
opposed
oppose
. __________adj. 反对的; 对立的→_________vt. 反对, 抵制, 阻挠; 与……竞争→___________adj. 相反的; prep. 在……的对面
opposite
various
variety
. __________adj. 不同的, 各种各样的→__________n. 不同种类, 多样性→_______v. 相异, 不同, 有别
vary
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. ____________________寻求解决方法
seek solutions to
2. ________________________从……中获取灵感
take inspiration from
3. ____________________认为……理所当然
take…for granted
4. __________不拘束; 放松
at ease
5. ________________盖满
be covered in
6. _____________对……做出反应
respond to
7. __________________与……和谐相处
in harmony with
8. _____________随着, 连同
along with
9. _________添加
add to
in other words
10. _________________换句话说
be based on
11. ______________基于
feed with
12. ____________加上; 用……喂食
such as
13. __________比如
be/get used to
14. _________________习惯于
look like
15. ____________看起来像
come about
16. _____________发生
in the wild
17. ______________在野外
succeed in doing sth.
18. ________________________成功地做某事
in return for
19. ________________作为对……的交换（回报）
in contrast to
20. _________________与……相反
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1. 我们身边许多最迷人的设计, 包括建筑设计, 它们的灵感都来自大自然。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture.
2. 它的形状像一朵莲花, 似乎漂浮在海滨长廊上, 四周被水环绕。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
3. 利用仿生技术在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。
__________________________________________________________________________________
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
4. 夜间, 墙壁在白天吸收的热量使冷空气变暖, 创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.
5. 创造这样的建筑能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
6. 游客们也应该一景一景地去探索它。
___________________________________________________________
Visitors are also supposed to explore it scene-by-scene.
7. 作为陆地的一个物种, 我们怎样改进我们在水中的表现呢
__________________________________________________________________
As a land species, how can we improve our performance in water
8. 没有什么地方比美丽的苏州留园更能说明这一点。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.
9. 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应, 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定改变自己的生活方式。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
10. 像陶渊明和梭罗那样, 拒绝简单熟悉的事物, 转而尝试亲近大自然, 这需要相当大的勇气。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的英语短文。
1. 这些家具由用过的灯泡、塑料瓶和其他可再生材料制成, 但光看是看不出来的。（be based on）
2. 厨房台面（countertop）是由回收的玻璃制成的。（be made of）
3. 整个房子的设计是为了控制能源的使用。（design）
4. 智能家居的屋顶有一个可持续的蔬菜园, 对自然的危害很小。（do little harm to）
5. 甚至个人电脑也是绿色的: 它比一个60瓦的灯泡用的电还少。（分词短语作状语）
One possible version:
______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Smart Home is constructed based on recyclable and
renewable materials, whose furniture is made of used light bulbs, plastic bottles and other renewable materials, but you can’t tell them from just looking at them. The kitchen countertops are made of recycled glass.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The entire house is designed to control the use of energy. The roof of it has a sustainable vegetable garden, which does little harm to nature. Even the personal computer is green by using less power than a 60-watt light bulb.
Ⅰ. 语境填词
1. Some famous foreign_____________（建筑师） are invited to lead the design of landmark buildings in China.
architects
2. Ben was finally persuaded of the_________（智慧）of the decision.
wisdom
3. For the past three years he has been___________（雇用） as a firefighter.
employed
4. His words had________（播种） the seeds of suspicion in their minds.
5. Having collected and____________（评估）the information, I help other scientists to predict it.
sowed
6. Can work really bring such contentment and______________（满足感） to your life
evaluated
7. More women are____________（获得） positions of power in public life in China.
fulfillment
8. I make it clear to him that I_________（拒绝） his proposal.
attaining
reject
deliberately
9. A footballer was accused of taking money for _______________（故意地） not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.
10. It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty ___________（乡村小屋）.
cottages
Ⅱ. 同义替换
in harmony with, seek solutions to, take…for granted, be covered in, take inspiration from, in other words, at ease, respond to, add to, along with
1. I always find ways to deal with problems and work together with her cooperatively. ____________________
seek solutions to
2. I’m ready to get a good idea from them, just as I hope they will be ready to accept what I offer them. ________________________
take inspiration from
3. Don’t think to yourself that they will support you. ______________________
take it for granted
4. And you must accustom yourself to feeling more relaxed with people when you are with them. __________
at ease
5. What will be included this year’s reform of the EU’s telecom rules ________________
be covered in
6. By reacting to changes quickly in the markets, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. ________________
responding to
7. Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live harmoniously with nature. __________________
in harmony with
8. Together with the increase of tax rates came an increase in benefits. _____________
Along with
9. Whatever rooms you might attach to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding._________
add to
10. That is to say, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging. _________________
In other words
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. 他是如此聪明, 以至于他能回答这个问题。（so…that…）
___________________________________________________
He is so smart that he can answer this question.
2. 没有什么地方比在旅馆房间里学习更好的了。（否定词+比较级）
__________________________________________________________
Nowhere is more better than studying in the hotel room.
3. 他们现在走进一条狭窄的小街, 刚才他们就是从这里走出来的。（“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句）
____________________________________________________________________________
They now entered into the narrow side street from which they had emerged.
4. 没有比在宾馆房间里更能突出这一点的地方了。（否定词+比较级）
______________________________________________________
Nowhere is this more marked than in the hotel room.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
[2021河南新乡高二期中]
Hundreds of years ago there was a king of Scotland whose name was Robert Bruce. The king of England was at war with him, and had led a great army into Scotland. Bruce led his people in the defense of their country.
Battle after battle he had fought with England. Six times Bruce had led his brave little army against his enemies.
Six times his men had been beaten. At last the army of Scotland was entirely defeated, and the king was forced to hide in the woods and in lonely places among the mountains.
One rainy day, Bruce lay in a cave, tired and felt sick at heart, ready to give up all hope. It seemed that there was no use for him to try to do anything more.
As he lay thinking, he noticed a spider over his head,
Getting ready to weave her web. He watched her as she worked slowly and with great care. Six times she tried to throw her in thread from one edge of the cave wall to another. Six times her thread fell short.
“Poor thing!” said Bruce. “You, too, know what it’s like to fail six times in a row.”
But the spider did not lose hope. With still more care, she was ready to try for a seventh time. Robert almost forgot his own trouble as he watched, fascinated.
She swung herself out on the slender thread. Would she fail again No! The thread was carried safely to the cave all, and fastened there.
“Yes!” cried Bruce, “I, too, will try a seventh time!”
So he got up and called his men together. He told them his plans, and sent them out with hopeful messages to cheer the discouraged people. Soon there was an army of brave men around him. A seventh battle was fought, and this time the King of England was forced to retreat back to his own country.
1. How did King Bruce feel after his army was beaten six times ( )
A. Easy. B. Cheerful. C. Angry. D. Hopeless.
D
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了苏格兰的布鲁斯国王六战六败, 受到蜘蛛织网不放弃的启发, 第七次终于成功打败了英格兰国王的入侵, 保卫了自己国家的故事。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段“One rainy day, Bruce lay in a cave, tired and felt sick at heart, ready to give up all hope. It seemed that there was no use for him to try to do anything more.”可知, 布鲁斯国王的军队被打败六次后, 他感到绝望。故选D项。
2. What does the underlined word “slender” in Paragraph 6 mean
( )
A. Thick. B. Thin. C. Short. D. Smooth.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】 根据第六段中“She swung herself out on the slender thread. Would she fail again No! The thread was carried safely to the cave all, and fastened there.”可知, 蜘蛛不畏惧失败, 用纤细的丝织网, 最终成功。所以画线词slender意为“细长的, 纤细的”。 故选B项。
3. What encouraged King Bruce to fight again ( )
A. His powerful army.
B. People’s service and support.
C. Aid from neighboring countries.
D. The spider’s efforts to weave the web.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第六段中“Would she fail again No! The thread was carried safely to the cave all, and fastened there.”以及第七段中“‘Yes!’ cried Bruce, ‘I, too, will try a seventh time!’”可知, 蜘蛛织网的努力促使布鲁斯国王再次参战。故选D项。
4. What can we learn from the text ( )
A. Never give up.
B. Things of one kind come together.
C. As one door closes, another door opens.
D. All things in their being are good for something.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段中“Six times Bruce had led his brave little army against his enemies. Six times his men had been beaten.”,
第七段“‘Yes!’ cried Bruce, ‘I, too, will try a seventh time!’”, 以及最后一段中“A seventh battle was fought, and this time the King of England was forced to retreat back to his own country.”可知, 文章通过讲述布鲁斯国王六战六败, 受到蜘蛛织网不放弃的启发, 第七次终于成功保卫了自己国家的故事, 告诉了我们“永不放弃”的道理。故选A项。
深度解析
词汇积累
defense n. 防御, 防护 weave vt. 编, 织 with great care非常小心 in a row连续; 成一排 fasten ot. 使固定; 扎牢 fascinated adj. 入迷的; 极感兴趣的
B
[2020河南新乡高二期中]
More than half of the population of the world’s wild tiger is threatened by roads built dangerously close to their habitats, and giant projects planned across Asia could put tigers at even greater risk.
Tigers’ habitats have reduced by 40% since 2006, leaving fewer than 4,000 of the animals in the wild. Those living near roads are particularly attacked because they are at risk of being hit by vehicles, have more difficulties finding food, and are easier to be killed.
Using a global dataset, Neil Carter at the University of Michigan and his colleagues calculated that the tiger’s current range, which mostly distributed in south and southeast Asia, contains 134,000 kilometres of roads. They estimated that 57% of tigers live within 5 kilometres of these roads, which is considered dangerously close.
This close to roads could be decreasing the world’s tiger
population by more than 20%, the researchers’ modelling suggests. Nearly 24,000 kilometres of new roads are planned for construction within the tiger’s range by 2050, which will make it even harder for the animals to avoid these risks.
“New roads could be made more tiger-friendly by building them away from key tiger populations, banning overnight traffic, installing road signs to warn drivers of the presence of tigers, and building tiger-friendly crossings so that wild animals can
safely cross forests on both sides of the road,” says Carter. These have been built on roads and highways in Malaysia.
In 2010, all 13 countries with wild tiger populations committed to a plan to double the tiger population by 2022. By 2016, research suggested that the population of the global wild tiger stopped declining and had increased. “Building tiger-friendly roads will be crucial to reaching this goal,” says Carter.
5. What does Paragraph 2 mainly show ( )
A. Tigers are endangered species.
B. Tigers are too lazy to go around.
C. Tigers’ habitats have been threatened.
D. The population of the world’s wild tiger has decreased a lot.
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了道路修建威胁到了老虎的栖息地这一现象。研究人员建议修建专门的道路供老虎通过, 减少危险。
【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第二段中“Tigers’ habitats have reduced by 40% since 2006, leaving fewer than 4,000 of the animals in the wild. Those living near roads are particularly attacked because they are at risk of being hit by vehicles, have more difficulties finding food, and are easier to be killed.”可知, 本段主要说明了老虎的栖息地已经受到了威胁。
故选C项。
6. What’s Carter’s suggestion about increasing the population of the tigers ( )
A. Building fewer new roads.
B. Building protection areas for tigers.
C. Building special roads for tigers to go through.
D. Improving the living conditions of tigers.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中“‘…and building tiger-friendly crossings so that wild animals can safely cross forests on both sides of the road’”可知, Carter建议修建专门的道路供老虎通过。故选C项。
7. What attitude does Carter have towards the future of tigers ( )
A. Worried. B. Optimistic.
C. Conservative. D. Critical.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中“By 2016, research suggested that the population of the global wild tiger stopped declining and had increased. ‘Building tiger-friendly roads will be crucial to reaching this goal,’ says Carter.”可知, Carter对老虎的未来持乐观的态度。故选B项。
8. What is the main idea of the text ( )
A. How to protect tigers.
B. How to build tiger-friendly roads.
C. The population of the wild tiger will increase.
D. Road-building threatens the tigers’ habitats.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】通读全文, 特别是根据第一段“More than half of the population of the world’s wild tiger are threatened by roads built dangerously close to their habitats, and giant projects planned across Asia could put tigers at even greater risk.”可知, 本文主要介绍了道路修建威胁到了老虎的栖息地。故选D项。
深度解析
词汇积累
threaten vt. 威胁; 恐吓 close to靠近 at risk of 冒着……的风险 distribute vt. 分配; 散布 decrease v. 减少, 减小, 降低
ban v. 禁止, 取缔
长难句分析
Tigers’habitats have reduced by 40% since 2006，leaving fewer than 4 ,000 of the animals in the wild. 自2006年以来, 老虎的栖息地已经减少了40% , 只剩下不到4, 000只野生动物。
分析: leaving现在分词短语作结果状语。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
[2020河南高二月考] Giant pandas are seen as living proof 1.______conservation works, the numbers of which in the wild are recovering after years of decline.
The distinctive black and white bear 2.________________（regard）as an “umbrella species”. That means protecting the mountain forests 3.__________they live has been good for many other animals, including birds and small animals that mainly feed on meat.
that
is regarded
where
Yet, according to a new study published in the journal Nature Ecology Evolution, it’s a 4._____________（complete）different story for larger predators（食肉动物） such as leopards and wolves. Asian wild dogs have disappeared from 95% of areas set up 5._______________（protect） pandas in the 1960s. Leopards, wolves and snow leopards have also been found much_6__________（few） than before. Scientists in China say these four predators are being driven 7._______near extinction by illegal hunting and destruction of 8.__________（they） habitats.
to protect
fewer
to
their
completely
Conservation efforts have often been based on protecting specific species such as the panda. But experts argue for a new approach that 9._________________（aim） to protect whole ecosystems, rather than focusing on a single species. Thus, the 10._______________（disappear）of larger predators will hopefully slow down.
aims/is aimed
disappearance
1. _______
that
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。在大熊猫这一珍贵物种的保护颇有成效时, 大型食肉动物也在濒临灭绝。对于这一现象, 专家们主张采用一种新的方法来保护整个生态系统, 而不是只关注单一的物种。
考查同位语从句连接词。空处引导同位语从句解释说明proof, 从句句意完整, 成分齐全, 应该用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
2. ______________
is regarded
[解析] 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子成分可知, 空处为本句的谓语。regard与bear之间为逻辑上的被动关系, 故用被动语态。主语bear是单数形式, 根据语境可知, 应用一般现在时。故填is regarded。
3. ________
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。本句中, 先行词是forests, 作定语从句的地点状语, 用where引导。故填where。
4. _____________
completely
[解析] 考查副词。空处修饰形容词different, 用副词形式。故填completely。
5. _____________
to protect
[解析] 考查动词不定式。此处用动词不定式to protect作areas的过去分词后置定语set up的目的状语。故填to protect。
6. ________
fewer
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。根据than可知, 此处应该用比较级, 且much修饰比较级。故填fewer。
7. _____
to
[解析] 考查介词。be driven to为固定搭配, 意为“被迫……”。to为介词, 与其后名词构成介宾结构。故填to。
8. ________
their
[解析] 考查形容词性物主代词。空处放在名词habitat前, 用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
9. ________________
aims/is aimed
[解析] 考查主谓一致和固定短语。此句中包含定语从句, 先行词为approach, 作定语从句的主语。主语为单数形式, 根据主谓一致原则, 谓语动词用第三人称单数aims。aim to do sth. 意为“旨在做某事”。也可以写成be aimed to to。故填aims/is aimed。
10. ________________
disappearance
[解析] 考查名词。分析句子成分可知, 空处为句子的主语, 应该用disappear对应的名词disappearance, 为不可数名词。故填disappearance。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
[2020江西赣州月考]
假设你是李华, 校学生会主席, 想邀请外教Henry先生一起参加学校举办的中秋节晚会。请用英语给他写封邮件, 内容包括：
1. 介绍写邮件的目的;
2. 晚会的时间和地点：9月30日晚6点、学校报告厅;
3. 晚会内容：同学们表演节目、吃月饼和赏月。
注意：1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Henry,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分范文Dear Mr. Henry,I’m Li Hua, Chairman of Students’ Union. With the Mid-Autumn Festival around the corner, we will hold a party to celebrate the traditional Chinese festival. It’s a great honour for me, on behalf of my fellow union members, to invite you to attend our party.The party will be held at the lecture hall of our school at 6 p. m. on Sept. 30th.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
At the party there will be a lot of performances and we will enjoy a variety of delicious foods, including mooncakes, watermelons, grapes and so on, while admiring the fullest and roundest moon.We can’t wait to see you!Yours sincerely,Li Hua
[解析] 写作指导
体裁 应用文——邀请信
时态 一般现在时和一般将来时
人称 第一人称
要点 1. 介绍写邮件的目的;
2. 晚会的时间和地点:9月30日晚6点、学校报告厅;
3. 晚会内容: 同学们表演节目、吃月饼和赏月。
高级短语及句式
1. It’s a great honour for… 对……来说是很大的荣誉;2. on behalf of 代表;3. get together 聚会;4. traditional Chinese festival 中国传统节日
5. With the Mid-Autumn Festival around the corner, we will hold a party to celebrate the traditional Chinese festival. 随着中秋节的临近, 我们将举办一个晚会来庆祝中国的传统节日。
6. It’s a great honour for me, on behalf of my fellow union members, to invite you to attend our party. 我很荣幸代表学生会其他成员邀请你来参加我们的晚会。(共8张PPT)
Unit 5 Learning from nature
背景导学
Landscape architecture works well adding beauty to a certain location. For example, Japanese gardens develop the relationship between Victoria and the Aichi Prefecture in Japan. Landscape architecture focuses on design and environment management. However, there are some amazing facts to know about when people are dealing with landscape architecture designs.
The source of the idea of landscape architecture: according to ancient tales, Frederick Law Olmsted and Capability Brown started
the profession in the 18th century, known as the pioneer of landscape architecture work.
The term “landscape” first was used in painting: With landscape paintings, the painter can highlight the beauty of nature while covering humans and animals in little amount, by inserting the light to the paintings to leave the paintings with liveliness. When it comes to architecture, landscape means the distinguishing characteristics of natural features created by landscape architects in Melbourne for the beautiful outdoors.
Australia is the capital of landscape architecture: Landscape architecture is highly appreciated in Australia due to how it has transformed beautiful cities and coastlines into the artwork highly praised by tourists and locals. Even, with so many landscape architects, it is surprising that the country has the record of having the most national parks.
The most viewed landscape is in the image of our desktop screen: The most visited landscape is the image photographed and
used as the background image for Windows XP. It is the image of a small field located in North California, seen by more than 1 billion.
A sample tree won’t live forever: You might have the dream of building a new house around a beautiful sample tree, but it won’t go well for long. So, before designing, talk to the arborist （树艺家）to find the health of the tree.
So, next time you travel a worth-visiting place, spend a moment
appreciating the landscape architecture for the way they have estimated the necessary factors for construction project management in Melbourne and delivered the best out of their ideas.
1. What function does landscape architecture have ( )
A. Beautifying the environment.
B. Helping people enjoy landscape paintings.
C. Helping people learn design management.
D. Developing humans’ relationship.
A
2. What may be the best title for the text ( )
A. Learn the history of landscape architecture
B. Know more facts about landscape architecture
C. Research into the situation of landscape architecture
D. Make a list of benefits of landscape architecture
B
