2022届高考英语二轮复习：非谓语动词用法学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：非谓语动词用法学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-10-10 22:26:53 | ||
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高中英语非谓语动词用法学案与练习
二、解题指导
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下:
1.看符号:中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号(有时中间没有逗号) ;
2.看有没有连接词(引导词)。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
3定语态:如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案-般用现在分词;如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系)，那么答案一般用过去分词。
4.定时态:如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to have done/to have been done /having done/ Having been done)，否则我们要用非谓语的一般式(to do /to be done /doing/ being done/ done)。
三、考点归纳
考点1非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
一、动名词和不定式作主语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。
两者的区别是:
表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式;
表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
动名词作主语时通常位于句首;不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。
Smoking is prohibited.
It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)
注意:
①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式:表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如:
To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing
②常用动名词作主语的句型:
It's no use complaining without taking action
二、动名词和不定式作宾语
1.下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
Decide, determine，learn， want， expect ,hope ,wish; refuse，manage， care, pretend, offer，promise, choose, plan; agree, ask beg, help.
此外，afford, strive, happen; wait, threaten 等也要用不定式作宾语。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
2.有些动词只能用动名词作宾语，
巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀:
避免错过少延期，建议完成多练习，
喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌.
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容:
不定式作定语;
ing.分词作定语;
-ed 分词作定语。
1.不定式作定语
①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first ,next, only, last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、 代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
She is always the first (one)to come and the last to leave.
②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.
Let's first find a room to live in.
We have nothing to worry about(=There is nothing for us to worry about).
⑤不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时，若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语,则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
I have a lot of things to do today.(I. do things)
Have you got anything to say at the meeting (you.. say .. anything)
Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。
比较:
There is nothing to do at present(=We have nothing to do at present.)
There is nothing to be done at present(= We can do nothing at present.)
2.ing,分词作定语
单个的分词作定语一般前置说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,ing短语作定语一般后置; 强调动作的单个ing分词也常后置。
A sleeping car( = a car for seeping )
A sleeping child( = a child who is sleeping)
the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )
The girl singing is my classmate.
难点剖析
独立主格结构
独立主格结构的形式
独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词(主格)， 起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1.名词代词+形容词
I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry.
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open
2.名词代词+现在分词
Winter coming, it get scolder and colder.
The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.
3.名词代词过去分词
More time given, we should have done it much better.
The boy stood there, his right hand raised.
4.名词代词(主格) +不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend`s.
5.名词/代词+介词短语
The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.
注意:这里gun in hand还可以说成with a gun in hand ;但不可以说a gun in hand或gun in his hand。
6.名词/代词+副词
Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away.
Lunch over, he left the house .But he was thinking.
7.名词代词+名词
He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon.
8. with复合结构
它的构成是:"with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.
小题专练
1.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology______ (change) lives.
2.Later. they learned to work with the seasons ,planting at the right time and, in dry areas,____ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
3.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 _____ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
4.Today it is 41 and is expected______ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
5. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large____ (compare) to younger generations.
6.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s ,and are expensive_____ (perform) consistently over a large area.
7.Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans________(retire) from her 36-year- old business.
8.When we got a call _____(say) she was short listed, we thought it was a joke.
9.On the last day of our week long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars______ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
10.A 90-year-old has been awarded Woman of the Year for______(be) Britain's oldest full time employee- still working 40 hours a week .
Keys:
1 to change 2 making 3 to find 4 to increase
5 compared 6 to perform 7 to retire 8 saying
9 listening 10 being
单句语法填空
1.Over the years, the system developed into different forms as it was a time when people were divided geographically_____ (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.
2.______ (delay) flights are obviously annoying, ,but airlines that refuse to keep us up to date with the last travel information make us even angrier.
3.Thirty years ago, an elderly Canadian couple undertook a unique project with the purpose of helping Canadians have a better understanding of China______(base) on how the Chinese view themselves and the issues they face.
4.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way____(escape).
5. Flames could be seen _____ (rise) from the top of the monument at that moment.
6 _____(build) in 1163, it is one of the world's most famous tourist sites, attracting about 12 million visitors every year.
7 ______(consider) the fact that kids are being constantly introduced to digital technology at younger ages, this statistic
may seem a little surprising.
8.After enjoying some of these summer activities, you might just find your family eager____ (stay) in the great outdoors.
9.The best way to help prevent the virus____(spread) is by protecting yourself and staying healthy.
10.______ (protect) yourself and others, wear a mask at all times when out in public.
11.This is because______(maintain) an enough food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.
12____(be) with family and doing things together can help. 13.However,we have reasons_____ (believe)that our words will work.
14.Statistics show that nearly 20% of the oxygen______ (produce) by the Earth's land comes from the Amazon rainforest.
15.All he owned was a bag_____ (contain) some clothes, a blanket, and a pillow.
16.A girl drew public attention for her outstanding performance at The Chinese Poetry Competition_____(organize)by China Central Television.
17.Kimball Area High School allows teachers to set individual policies on cell phone use in class,____(leave) first-year math teacher Katie Pettit with 70 distracted students to decide how to deal with.
18.___ (inspire) by this, Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passers-by.
19. In addition ,the content, _____ (delete)from a webpage can often be recovered.
20.The film,_____(direct) by a Chinese director, was also screened at the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Washington, DC that same day.
Keys:
1 leading 2 Delayed 3 based 4 to escape 5 rising
6 Built 7 Considering 8 to stay 9 spreading
10 To protect 11 maintaining 12 Being 13 to believe
14 produced 15 containing 16 organized 17 leaving
18 Inspired 19 deleted 20 directed
二、解题指导
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下:
1.看符号:中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号(有时中间没有逗号) ;
2.看有没有连接词(引导词)。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
3定语态:如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案-般用现在分词;如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系)，那么答案一般用过去分词。
4.定时态:如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to have done/to have been done /having done/ Having been done)，否则我们要用非谓语的一般式(to do /to be done /doing/ being done/ done)。
三、考点归纳
考点1非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
一、动名词和不定式作主语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。
两者的区别是:
表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式;
表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
动名词作主语时通常位于句首;不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。
Smoking is prohibited.
It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)
注意:
①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式:表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如:
To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing
②常用动名词作主语的句型:
It's no use complaining without taking action
二、动名词和不定式作宾语
1.下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
Decide, determine，learn， want， expect ,hope ,wish; refuse，manage， care, pretend, offer，promise, choose, plan; agree, ask beg, help.
此外，afford, strive, happen; wait, threaten 等也要用不定式作宾语。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
2.有些动词只能用动名词作宾语，
巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀:
避免错过少延期，建议完成多练习，
喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌.
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容:
不定式作定语;
ing.分词作定语;
-ed 分词作定语。
1.不定式作定语
①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first ,next, only, last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、 代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
She is always the first (one)to come and the last to leave.
②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.
Let's first find a room to live in.
We have nothing to worry about(=There is nothing for us to worry about).
⑤不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时，若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语,则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
I have a lot of things to do today.(I. do things)
Have you got anything to say at the meeting (you.. say .. anything)
Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。
比较:
There is nothing to do at present(=We have nothing to do at present.)
There is nothing to be done at present(= We can do nothing at present.)
2.ing,分词作定语
单个的分词作定语一般前置说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,ing短语作定语一般后置; 强调动作的单个ing分词也常后置。
A sleeping car( = a car for seeping )
A sleeping child( = a child who is sleeping)
the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )
The girl singing is my classmate.
难点剖析
独立主格结构
独立主格结构的形式
独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词(主格)， 起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1.名词代词+形容词
I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry.
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open
2.名词代词+现在分词
Winter coming, it get scolder and colder.
The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.
3.名词代词过去分词
More time given, we should have done it much better.
The boy stood there, his right hand raised.
4.名词代词(主格) +不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend`s.
5.名词/代词+介词短语
The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.
注意:这里gun in hand还可以说成with a gun in hand ;但不可以说a gun in hand或gun in his hand。
6.名词/代词+副词
Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away.
Lunch over, he left the house .But he was thinking.
7.名词代词+名词
He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon.
8. with复合结构
它的构成是:"with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.
小题专练
1.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology______ (change) lives.
2.Later. they learned to work with the seasons ,planting at the right time and, in dry areas,____ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
3.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 _____ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
4.Today it is 41 and is expected______ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
5. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large____ (compare) to younger generations.
6.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s ,and are expensive_____ (perform) consistently over a large area.
7.Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans________(retire) from her 36-year- old business.
8.When we got a call _____(say) she was short listed, we thought it was a joke.
9.On the last day of our week long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars______ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
10.A 90-year-old has been awarded Woman of the Year for______(be) Britain's oldest full time employee- still working 40 hours a week .
Keys:
1 to change 2 making 3 to find 4 to increase
5 compared 6 to perform 7 to retire 8 saying
9 listening 10 being
单句语法填空
1.Over the years, the system developed into different forms as it was a time when people were divided geographically_____ (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.
2.______ (delay) flights are obviously annoying, ,but airlines that refuse to keep us up to date with the last travel information make us even angrier.
3.Thirty years ago, an elderly Canadian couple undertook a unique project with the purpose of helping Canadians have a better understanding of China______(base) on how the Chinese view themselves and the issues they face.
4.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way____(escape).
5. Flames could be seen _____ (rise) from the top of the monument at that moment.
6 _____(build) in 1163, it is one of the world's most famous tourist sites, attracting about 12 million visitors every year.
7 ______(consider) the fact that kids are being constantly introduced to digital technology at younger ages, this statistic
may seem a little surprising.
8.After enjoying some of these summer activities, you might just find your family eager____ (stay) in the great outdoors.
9.The best way to help prevent the virus____(spread) is by protecting yourself and staying healthy.
10.______ (protect) yourself and others, wear a mask at all times when out in public.
11.This is because______(maintain) an enough food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.
12____(be) with family and doing things together can help. 13.However,we have reasons_____ (believe)that our words will work.
14.Statistics show that nearly 20% of the oxygen______ (produce) by the Earth's land comes from the Amazon rainforest.
15.All he owned was a bag_____ (contain) some clothes, a blanket, and a pillow.
16.A girl drew public attention for her outstanding performance at The Chinese Poetry Competition_____(organize)by China Central Television.
17.Kimball Area High School allows teachers to set individual policies on cell phone use in class,____(leave) first-year math teacher Katie Pettit with 70 distracted students to decide how to deal with.
18.___ (inspire) by this, Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passers-by.
19. In addition ,the content, _____ (delete)from a webpage can often be recovered.
20.The film,_____(direct) by a Chinese director, was also screened at the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Washington, DC that same day.
Keys:
1 leading 2 Delayed 3 based 4 to escape 5 rising
6 Built 7 Considering 8 to stay 9 spreading
10 To protect 11 maintaining 12 Being 13 to believe
14 produced 15 containing 16 organized 17 leaving
18 Inspired 19 deleted 20 directed