Unit 3-Section B-Using language
基础+综合双向提升
【基础】
【单句语法填空】
1. My MacBook Pro broke down and my paper (leave) unfinished since.
2. The computer (use) every day since we bought it.
3. These flowers (water), you can go home.
4. My computer has just been attacked an unknown virus.
5. The window (wash), you need not wash it again.
6. Many foreign films (show) on TV since last month.
7. Steven (unemploy) since he got out of work three weeks ago.
8. Every possible means (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
9. All the preparations for the task (complete), and we’re ready to start.
10. This is the first time that a woman (appoint) to the post.
【综合】
【语法填空】
Currently, both women and men 1. __________ (surround) by magazines and websites full of tips about dieting, exercise and fashion. Gone are the days 2. __________ all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things have changed.
Now, a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit 3. __________ (be) unhappy about their body. The biggest body issues for 4. __________ (they) were beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think it is because 5. __________ the pressure of influence of role models we see on TV and in 6. __________(magazine). People end up with a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody wants to put in the effort to have perfect muscles like Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic designer has even invented a muscle-enhancing shirt 7. __________ (make) the buyer look more of a strong man.
But Joe Warner, the former editor of Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just 8. __________ trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept they need to do more exercise
9. __________ (regular). Exercise is always good. But we mustn’t forget beauty is only skin deep. Character is 10. __________ (important) than appearance.
【完形填空】
For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to others. “While we teach, we 1 , ”said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re 2 why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn.
Researchers have found that students who teach others work harder to 3 the material, and apply it more 4 . Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for themselves. But how can children, 5 learning themselves, teach others One answer: They can teach younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more 6 than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings.
Now educators are experimenting with ways to 7 this model to schoolwork. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who then 8 instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world puter scientists have created an animated (动画的)figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about science by middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty 10 certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own 11 .
Feedback from the teachable agent 12 improves the teachers’ learning. The agents’ questions drive student teachers to think and explain the materials in different 13 , and watching the agent solve problems allows the emotions one experiences into action. 14 , it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that help learning. Student teachers feel 15 when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these pupils succeed as they gain pride and satisfaction from someone else’s achievement.
1. A. learn B. doubt
C. grow D. practice
2. A. valuing B. proving
C. questioning D. assuming
3. A. prepare B. preserve
C. exchange D. understand
4. A. officially B. effectively
C. fluently D. carefully
5. A. still B. even
C. though D. once
6. A. curious B. energetic
C. independent D. academic
7. A. add B. apply
C. offer D. show
8. A. as well B. at once
C. in turn D. of course
9. A. teacher B. parent
C. sibling D. pupil
10. A. arrange B. mark
C. master D. link
11. A. thinking B. reading
C. inspiration D. guidance
12. A. shortly B. hardly
C. rather D. further
13. A. ways B. cases
C. places D. orders
14. A. In all B. After all
C. Above all D. For all
15. A. satisfied B. sick
C. pleased D. upset
【阅读理解】
Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing. Their designers say that with these robots, rescue workers will be able to have more time to save more lives during an earthquake.
This robot looking like a helicopter(直升机), is called the detector-bot. It’s about 4 meters long, and it took about 4 years to develop the model. Its main functions(作用) are to collect information from the air, and send goods of up to 30 kilos, to people stuck in an earthquake.
This robot has a high quality 360 degree panoramic camera. It can work day and night and will also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area. Dr. Qi Juntong, Chinese Academy of Science, said, “Unlike other automatic machines, the most important feature of this robot is that it doesn’t need a distant control. We just set the information of the earthquake-struck area on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself. It flies as high as 3, 000 meters, and as fast as 100 kilometers per hour. ”
This robot has a different function—it can change as the environment changes. Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers are unable to go.
As well as a detector(探测器)that finds victims(遇难者)and detects poisonous gas, a camera is placed in the 40-centimeter-long robot, which can work in the dark.
Another use for the rescuers is the supply bot, with its 10-meter-long pipe. People who are caught in the ruins will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.
Experts have said that the robots will enter production, and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year.
1. Which of the following statements about the robot is true according to the passage
A. It hasn’t been put into production so far.
B. It is a machine with a length of 10 meters.
C. It is a machine carried by a helicopter.
D. It weighs about 30 kilos.
2. Dr. Qi Juntong thinks this robot is different from the others mainly because______.
A. it has more functions
B. it has a more advanced camera
C. it can change as the environment changes
D. it can work by itself once given the information
3. The underlined word “which” in paragraph 5 refers to ______.
A. a camera B. a detector
C. a rescuer D. a doctor
4. What is the passage mainly about
A. The appearance of the robot.
B. An introduction to the robot.
C. The reason for making the robot.
D. Some information about earthquakes.
参考答案
【基础】
【单句语法填空】
has been left
has been used
have been watered
by
has been washed
have been shown
has been unemployed
has been used
have been completed
has been appointed
【综合】
【语法填空】
1. are surrounded
2. when
3. being
4. them
5. of
6. magazines
7. to make
8. a
9. regularly
10. more important
【完形填空】
1-5ABDBA
6-10DBCDC
11-15ADACD
【阅读理解】
1-4ADABUnit 3-Section C-Developing ideas
基础+综合双向提升
【基础】
【单句语法填空】
1. The (origin) picture is worth 1, 000 dollars.
2. Peel fell from his horse and was badly (injure).
3. A horse was attached a post.
4. The cure stress lies in learning to relax.
5. the first instance your child will be seen by an ear, nose, and throat specialist.
6. The book opens with account of the ins and the outs of the event.
7. Who is the (conduct) of tonight’s concert
8. The workers declared the offer of increased pay and holidays.
9. Measure the room as (accurate) as possible.
10. These figures give a view of the (significant) for the local economy.
【补全句子】
1. The teacher, along with all his students,
this weekend.
老师打算这个周末与所有学生一起去野餐。
2. Anne raised her voice .
为了让人能听得见, 安妮提高了嗓门。
3. Neither you nor he .
你和他都不知道答案。
4. , he is not happy.
他虽然有钱, 但并不快乐。
5. I just wonder .
我只是想知道什么使他如此兴奋。
【综合】
【七选五】
The Science of Earthquakes
1
The surface of the earth is divided into different pieces. These are called tectonic plates (构造板块). When two plates suddenly slip past one another, an earthquake happens. This shakes the ground and everything on it.
What causes earthquakes and where do they happen
2 They are inner core, outer core, mantle (地幔) and the earth’s crust (地壳). The crust and the top of the mantle make up a thick skin on the surface of the planet. But this skin is not all in one piece. It is actually made up of many tectonic plates. They are like puzzle pieces. These pieces are always sliding around and bumping into each other. Sometimes their edges get stuck together. When this happens, the rest of the plate keeps moving. Eventually the edges come unstuck. 3 .
Why does the earth shake when there is an earthquake
Earthquakes send out waves in all directions. When they reach the earth’s surface, they shake the ground. 4 The P wave squeezes and stretches the earth. The S wave shakes it up and down.
5
Scientists use special tools to record and measure earthquakes. These tools are called seismographs. Recordings from seismographs tell scientists when and where an earthquake took place. They can also tell scientists the size of an earthquake.
A. How are earthquakes recorded
B. That is when an earthquake happens.
C. There are different types of earthquake waves.
D. What is an earthquake
E. The earth has four main layers (层).
F. Can scientists predict earthquakes
G. Scientists can tell where an earthquake took place by studying the P and S waves.
【阅读理解】
A
Imagine a relay race. During this race, an athlete holds a stick as he runs a certain distance. Then he passes the stick to the next runner. That person runs faster, and then passes the stick to a third runner. Now imagine that the runners do not pass a stick. Instead they pass shiny silk, as well as gold, fruit, and glass. Imagine that the race does not move forward in just one direction. Instead the runners go back and forth along a road. They trade goods all along this route (路线) and at each end of it. Now imagine that the runners are businessmen. They lead caravans (商队) or lines of camels that carry things to sell. They travel on the ancient Silk Road to earn their living.
The Silk Road was a complex trade network. It passed through thousands of cities and towns. It stretched from eastern China, across central Asia and the Middle East, to the Mediterranean Sea. Businessmen traveled on the Silk Road from about 200 B. C. to about 1300 A. D. Then sea travel began to offer new routes. Some people called the Silk Road the world’s longest highway. However, the Silk Road included many routes—not just one smooth path. The routes ran through mountains and across deserts. They passed through an area that now includes 18 countries. The Silk Road had many dangers. These dangers ranged from hot sun and deep snow to thieves and wars. Only expert traders could survive.
The Silk Road got its name from its most prized goods. People used silk as money. They could pay taxes or buy goods with it. Traders carried more than just silk, though. They had gold, silver, and glass from Europe. People in the Middle East and Asia wanted these things. Businessmen also took horses from flat, grassy areas in central Asia and brought them to China and other areas. The horses changed the way people farmed and ran their armies. Indian businessmen traded salt and rare, beautiful stones. Chinese merchants traded medicine and china. They also traded paper, which quickly replaced animal skins in the west. Businessmen carried apples from central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to combine different trees to create new kinds of fruit. They taught this science to others, such as the Romans. The Romans began to grow apples for food. The Silk Road led to worldwide commerce 2, 000 years before the World Wide Web.
The people along the Silk Road did not share only goods. They also shared beliefs. Monks, priests, and other faith leaders taught their religions to others. The Silk Road created pathways for knowledge, diplomacy, and religion.
1. People turned to the sea for new routes after around 1300 A. D. because ______.
A. the Silk Road included many routes
B. the Silk Road passed through many areas
C. people traveled on the Silk Road for too long
D. there were more dangers along the Silk Road
2. Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the word “prized” in Paragraph 3
A. appropriate B. preserved
C. valuable D. useful
3. Which of the following statements is WRONG
A. The Silk Road helped spread religions to more people.
B. The Silk Road gave people the idea to build highways.
C. Some people probably died while travelling.
D. Westerners probably used to write on animal skins.
4. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably read the article
A. Science. B. Travel.
C. Sports. D. Culture.
B
US Space Agency Returns to Mars with InSight Lander
The American space agency’s lander InSight is to arrive on Mars at the end of November, 2018. Unlike NASA’s Curiosity rover, InSight will not move across the planet’s surface. Instead it will become the first spacecraft (航天器) used only for exploring underground. It will study the geography of Mars, searching for signs of Martian (火星的) quakes.
InSight is a project of U. S. and Europe. It is 6 meters long and 1. 5 meters wide. It weighs 360 kilograms. InSight’s 1. 8-meter robotic arm will put two experiments in place. Both are designed to explore underground of Mars to learn about the inside.
Bruce Banerdt is the lead scientist for InSight. He viewed the spacecraft as a robot that can take care of itself. “It’s got its own brain. It’s got an arm. It can listen and feel things. It pulls its own power out of the sun, ”he noted.
Thomas Zurbuchen, one of the heads in NASA, said the results of the InSight project could “change the way we think about the inside of our earth. ” But, first, InSight will have to land on Mars undamaged. Since Mars exploration started in the 1960s, only about 40 percent of the explorations have succeeded.
Tom Hoffman is InSight’s project manager. He said earlier successes do not lessen the concerns for each new exploration. “That we’ve done it before doesn’t mean we’re not nervous and excited about doing it again, ” he said.
InSight will enter the Martian atmosphere (大气层) traveling at 19, 800 kilometers an hour. It will slow for landing on a wide flat area on Mars. If all goes well, InSight could carry out its experiments in about 10 weeks. The InSight project is expected to continue for one Martian year, about two years on Earth.
5. What is the difference between InSight and NASA’s Curiosity rover
A. The size. B. The design.
C. The speed. D. The task.
6. What can we learn from the passage
A. InSight travels at an unchanged speed.
B. InSight is the project of America and Japan.
C. InSight has the functions (功能) of a robot.
D. InSight is mainly powered by the natural gas.
7. What will be one of the contributions (贡献) of the InSight project according to Zurbuchen
A. It will help us understand the geography of Mars.
B. It will change the way we think about the inside of the earth.
C. It will help carry out more experiments on Mars.
D. It will get more information about the reasons for Mars quakes.
8. What is Hoffman’s attitude towards this exploration of the InSight
A. Confident. B. Satisfied.
C. Concerned. D. Frightened.
参考答案
【基础】
【单句语法填空】
original
injured
to
for
In
an
conductor
for
accurately
significance
【补全句子】
is going to have a picnic
in order to be heard
knows the answer
Although he is rich
what makes him so excited
【综合】
【七选五】
1-5DEBCA
【阅读理解】
A
1-4DCBD
B
5-8DCBCUnit 3-Section A-Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础+综合双向提升
【基础】
【单句语法填空】
1. He (shoot) at a bird and missed it.
2. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood (press), and put people into a better mood.
3. (wear) technology is getting a lot of attention these days.
4. Lanier invented the term “virtual (real)” and pioneered its early development.
5. He is always ready to help others, (desire) nothing.
6. Online education gives students enough (flexible).
7. Kids don’t understand how technology can be applied to careers in addition to (compute).
8. (addition) courses may be taken if desired.
9. But Fred was bored and desired (go)home.
10. The car was capable 110 miles per hour.
【补全句子】
1. a doctor in the United States.
在美国成为一名医生很不容易。
2. George Orwell, was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
乔治·奥威尔, 本名艾瑞克·亚瑟, 写过许多政治小说和散文。
3. The news is true.
昨天你告诉我的消息是真的。
4. all this happened.
所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
5. That was .
那就是他考试不及格的原因。
【综合】
【七选五】
Ambition (志向, 抱负) is a necessary quality in life. It is the force which drives us on to use whatever talent we have got 1 , these talents will not be used for our own and others’ benefit. Without ambition we are just jellyfish that flop though life. We only react to events: we don’t try to control them.
2 . First of all, it can be unrealistic. We may not be able to see the limits of our own abilities, so we do ambitious things that are completely beyond us. Some people can see our good qualities and our limitations objectively. They may tell us that we haven’t the ability. We refuse to take their evaluation. We keep on trying. Many years and many disappointments later we are forced to accept their judgment. But what a waste of time our ill-founded ambition has caused us!
Besides, our ambition can be too concentrated. We devote our attention to one narrow aim, such as getting distinctions in our science subjects. Everything that may draw us away from this aim is cut out of our lives. In the end we get our distinctions. But we are isolated beings who only care about particular examinations. And we probably won’t make good scientists 3 .
And our ambition can be limited to lifeless objectives. 4 Persons who feel inferior try to make up by seeking the respect of others through owning these artificial signs of worth.
5 But, like all blind forces, it must be directed if not to cause disaster.
A. Still, ambition can have several disadvantages
B. Because our ambition may make us among selfish people
C. Unless we have got some degree of ambition
D. since we don’t have the breadth of view necessary for greater success
E. Ambition is necessary in the lives of individuals
F. As long as tightly controlled by the head and the heart
G. We want to gain money, or power, or membership of some circles
【阅读理解】
A
Teenagers in America know that they’ll possibly need technical skills to find good jobs, but a new survey reveals that interest in technology-related careers may be decreasing.
The percentage of boys aged 13 to 17 who are interested in science, technology, engineering and math or STEM careers dropped from 36 percent in 2017 to 24 percent this year, according to a survey by Junior Achievement USA. The amount of girls interested in STEM careers stayed unchanged.
But the 1, 000 survey participants still named technology as one of two key skills that will be necessary to prepare them for their future careers.
“Kids don’t understand how technology can be applied to careers in addition to computers, and maybe robotics, ”said Tammera L. Holmes, president of aviation consulting firm AeroStar Consulting(航空咨询公司). “That’s all they know, so they can’t really translate that interest to career pathways. ”
When Holmes was in high school, her mom sent her to an event that featured (以……为专题) the pilots from World War Ⅱ. One of the pilots took her for a ride and let her take the wheel. “Immediately that was the career for me, ”she said.
Women remain outnumbered (超过) by men in fields like technology. For people working to increase the number of women in these areas, the lack of growth in girls, interest in STEM careers is concerning.
Teenage girls are more interested than their male classmates in running after careers in which they can help others, said Ed Grocholski from Junior Achievement. Even with all the programs aimed at increasing girls’ interest in STEM, “I don’t think we really talk that much about how we improve people’s lives through STEM, ” Grocholski said.
Society needs to do better at making those connections for kids, said Katherine Latham, founder of an engineering firm. She used civil engineering as an example of a career that will continue to be important.
However, the fact that students know they will need tech skills in their future careers is encouraging.
The second skill they said they need is relationship-building.
“That’s going to be the new type of engineers, ” Latham said.
1. What is the passage mainly about
A. Some successful examples of kids choosing tech careers.
B. Reasons behind teenagers, decreasing interest in tech careers.
C. The difference in choice of jobs between boys and girls in America.
D. The popularity of tech careers among kids and its reasons.
2. What is the reason behind kids’ losing interest in tech careers
A. They see tech careers as boring.
B. They find tech skills less important than before.
C. They don’t think tech careers can bring rewards.
D. They can’t connect their tech interest with future careers.
3. What can we learn from Grocholski’s words
A. STEM careers have nothing to do with people’s lives.
B. Teenage girls are interested in running after STEM careers.
C. The relationship between STEM careers and the improvement of people’s lives isn’t explained enough.
D. Teenagers don’t know how to improve people’s lives through STEM.
4. What aroused Holmes’ interest in her career
A. A summer camp for pilots.
B. Her parents’ wish for her.
C. A report about the life of pilots.
D. Her flight experience with a pilot.
B
Alexa is a form of artificial intelligence, or AI for short. Many people start their mornings by asking Alexa for the weather forecast or the latest news. A device (设备) that houses Alexa can also play music from your favorite playlists, keep a shopping list, order takeout food, answer questions, send messages and even run “smart” home controls.
Training AI systems to respond to problems with human-like intelligence and learn from their mistakes can take months, or even years. Consider Alexa and similar software, such as Apple’s Siri. To do the tasks its human owners ask, these systems must make sense of and then respond to sentences such as, “Alexa, play my Ed Sheeran playlist” or “Siri, what is the capital of India ”
Computers can’t understand language as it is spoken by people. So AI researchers must find a way to help humans communicate with computers. The technology used to get computers to “understand” human speech or text is known as natural language processing. By natural language, computer scientists refer to the way people naturally talk or write. To teach an AI system a task like comprehending (理解) a sentence or responding to a person’s last move in a board game, scientists need to feed it lots of examples.
AlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human champion, Lee Sedol, at the strategy (策略) board game Go. To train AlphaGo, Google had to show it 30 million Go moves that people had made while playing the game. Then AlphaGo used what it learned to analyze those plays as it played against different versions (版本) of itself. During this practice, the program came up with new moves—ones never seen in games between people.
5. What does the example of Alexa show
A. AI may replace humans one day.
B. AI is playing a role in our modern life.
C. AI has been widely used around the world.
D. AI has totally changed people’s bad habits.
6. How do scientists train AI systems
A. By testing them thousands of times.
B. By teaching them almost everything.
C. By giving them quite a lot of tasks to do.
D. By providing them with large amounts of data.
7. What can we learn about AlphaGo
A. It has become very skillful and intelligent.
B. It is the most convenient AI system.
C. It avoids making any mistakes.
D. It just follows human orders.
参考答案
【基础】
【单句语法填空】
shot
pressure
Wearable
reality
desiring
flexibility
computing
Additional
to go
of
【补全句子】
It is not easy to become
whose real name
that/which you told me yesterday
It was on Monday night that
why he failed to pass the exam
【综合】
【七选五】
1-5CADGE
【阅读理解】
1-4BDCD
5-7BDA
