Unit 2 A life’s work Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1.My Chinese teacher knew my fascination with/for reading and made sure I had great books to read.
2.Some students don’t like fashionable （fashion）uniforms because they don’t want to spend so much money on them.
3.Professor Smith, for whom work matters most, is devoted （devote）to his research work.
4.Although he is fascinated （fascinate）by online games, he manages to keep himself from being addicted to them.
5.He is so intelligent that he can always find a good approach to solving （solve）the problems.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
comprise, a wide range of, nothing more than, pass away, dominate
1.She looked in the direction of the window, but there was only the deep darkness. nothing more than
2.The restaurant has become popular for a variety of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. a wide range of
3.Older people make up a large proportion of those living in poverty. comprise
4.Arsenal played much better than their opponent the first half of the match. dominated
5.When the news of Louis Cha’s death was reported, many fans on social media expressed their sadness over his death. passing away
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1.这次活动的目的是让学生接触广泛的英语阅读材料。（a wide range of）
The activity is intended to/designed to expose students to a wide range of English reading materials.
2.他们不顾我的危险警告，决心进入黑暗的洞穴。（regardless of）
They are determined to go into the dark cave, regardless of my warning of danger.
3.这个公园不仅仅是一个放松和娱乐的地方。你也可以在那里快乐地学习中国书法。（more than）
The park is more than a place for relaxation and amusement. You can also have fun learning Chinese calligraphy there.
4.随着春天的来临，花园里的花儿开始焕发生机。 （approach）
With spring approaching, the flowers in the garden begin to come to life.
5.那位老教师因献身于教育事业而受到钦佩。（devotion）
The old teacher was admired for his devotion to the educational cause.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2021云南昆明官渡区第一中学月考）
Having experienced a shocking electrical accident, which caused him to become both blind and deaf, James Franco’s world became completely dark and quiet for almost ten years. The loss of sight and hearing threw him into such sorrow that he tried a few times to put an end to his life. His family, especially his wife, did their best to tend and comfort him and finally he regained the will to live.
One hot summer afternoon, he was taking a walk with a stick near his house when a thunderstorm started all at once. He stood under a large tree to avoid getting wet, but he was struck by lightning. Witnesses thought he was dead but he woke up 20 minutes later, lying face down in muddy water. He was trembling badly, but when he opened his eyes, he could hardly believe what he saw: a tree and muddy road. When Mrs. Franco came running up to him, shouting to their neighbors to call for help, he could see her and hear her voice for the first time in nearly ten years.
The news of James regaining his sight and hearing quickly spread and many doctors came to examine him. Most of them said that he regained his sight and hearing from the shock he got from the lightning. However, none of them could give a compellent answer as to why this should happen. The only reasonable explanation given by one doctor was that, since James lost his sight and hearing as a result of a sudden shock, perhaps, the only way for him to regain them was another sudden shock.
1.The reason why James attempted to kill himself was that .
A.a terrible electrical accident happened to him
B.nobody in the whole world cared about him
C.he was struck by the lightning once more
D.he had to live in a dark and silent world
2.What was James doing when he was struck by the lightning
A.Sheltering from the rain under a tree.
B.Putting an end to his life.
C.Taking a walk with a stick.
D.Lying on the ground.
3.What does the underlined word “compellent” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Gradual.B.Wrong.
C.Convincing.D.True.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.A Terrible Electrical Accident
B.What a Sudden Shock
C.An Unforgettable Adventure
D.James Franco and His Wife
答案：1.D
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述James Franco因为受到电击，失明失聪，生活在黑暗寂静的世界里，他多次想要自杀，但在家人的劝阻下，获得重新生活下去的勇气。有一次他在树下躲雨的时候，意外被闪电击中，却恢复了视力和听力，但医生也不能确定具体原因。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的The loss of sight and hearing…end to his life. 可知，失去视力和听力使他非常悲伤，他曾几次试图结束自己的生命。故选D。
答案：2.A
解析：2.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的He stood…by the lightning. 可知，他站在一棵大树下以便避雨，但被闪电击中了。故选A。
答案：3.C
解析：3.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中的The only reasonable…was another sudden shock. 可知，一位医生给出的唯一合理的解释是，由于詹姆斯的视力和听力是由于一次突然的电击而丧失的，也许，他恢复视力和听力的唯一方法是另一次突然的电击。所以前面提到的是没有人给出令人信服的答案。故选C。
答案：4.B
解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章讲述James Franco因为受到电击，失明失聪，生活在黑暗寂静的世界里，他几次都想自杀，但有一次他在树下躲雨的时候，意外被闪电击中，却恢复了视力和听力。所以整篇短文都是围绕他的两次被电击讲述的。故选B。
Ⅱ. 七选五
（2019湖北宜昌部分师范高中协作体联考）
Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returned with her family to England.
Florence often helped her mother deliver（递送） food to the poor and sick. 1 Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.
But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. 2
In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari （now sküdar in Istanbul） and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere. 3 Many soldiers died before receiving help.
The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals-until one day 500 unexpected casualties（伤亡者） arrived. 4 Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were dressed. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions（捐款）. Then she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.
After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. 5 All of this was because of the “lady with her lamp”.
A.Nursing became an honored profession.
B.There was no running water and no heat.
C.She knew she had much to learn about nursing.
D.Florence saw the soldiers’ health had improved.
E.As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.
F.They soon realized that Florence knew what she was doing.
G.Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案：1.E
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文为一篇记叙文，叙述了Florence Nightingale经过多年的努力，使得护理成了一个令人尊敬的职业。
【解题思路】根据空后的“Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.”可知，她的家人感到震惊，因为护理不是一个受人尊敬的职业。该空引出下文，选项E“随着她长大，她决定当一名护士”切题。故选E。
答案：2.G
解析：2.【解题思路】根据上句“Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. ”可知，后来，她去了法国、德国和爱尔兰的医院，尽她所能地学习。该空承接上文，选项G“刚一回到家乡，她就是医院管理方面的专家了”切题。故选G。
答案：3.B
解析：3.【解题思路】根据上文内容可知，医院的地上到处躺着人，老鼠到处跑，此处描述医院条件艰苦，选项B“没有自来水，也没有暖气”符合语境。故选B。
答案：4.F
解析：4.【解题思路】根据上句“The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals-until one day 500 unexpected casualties（伤亡者） arrived.”并结合下句“Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were dressed.”可知，该空承上启下，他们很快意识到Florence知道她在做什么。
故选F。
答案：5.A
解析：5.【解题思路】根据上段末句“Then she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.”以及本段中的“After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.”可知Florence Nightingale经过多年的努力，使得护理成了一个令人尊敬的职业。故选A。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
（2020湖北武汉高二期末）
Two Candles
Tom was a middle-aged leather trader whose repeated failure in his career made him a depressed man, often 1 that he had been cheated by others. One day he told his wife he was so 2 with the city that he had to leave.
So his family moved to another city. It was the evening of a weekend. When Tom and his wife were busily 3 up their new home, the light suddenly went out. They had to stop work. Tom was regretful to have forgotten to bring along candles and had to wait 4 in a low mood. Just then he heard slight knocks on his door that sounded clear in the 5 night.
“Who’s it ” he wondered, since Tom was a 6 to this city. And this was the moment he especially hated to be disturbed, so he went to the door and opened it 7 . At the door was a little girl, shyly asking, “Sir, do you have candles I’m your neighbor.”“ No,” answered Tom in anger and shut the door 8 . “What a nuisance （讨厌鬼）!” he complained over it with his wife. “No sooner had we settled down than the neighbor came to 9 things.”
After a while, the door was knocked again. He opened it and found the same girl outside. 10 this time she was 11 two candles, saying, “My grandma told me the new neighbor downstairs might need candles. She sent me here to give you these.” Tom was very 12 by what he saw. When he became fully aware, he said, “Thank you and your grandmother. God bless you!”
At that moment he suddenly realized what caused his 13 in life. It was his 14 and harshness （刻薄） with other people. The person who had cheated him in life was actually nobody else but himself, for his life had been darkened by his unsympathetic 15 .
1.A.hopingB.tellingC.complainingD.pretending
2.A.inspiredB.disappointedC.embarrassedD.impressed
3.A.buildingB.turningC.comingD.tidying
4.A.anxiouslyB.doubtfullyC.hopefullyD.helplessly
5.A.darkB.quietC.coldD.sleepless
6.A.newcomerB.travelerC.guestD.settler
7.A.surprisedlyB.delightedlyC.impatientlyD.willingly
8.A.gentlyB.kindlyC.politelyD.violently
9.A.lendB.sellC.fetchD.borrow
10.A.AndB.SoC.ButD.For
11.A.holdingB.hidingC.blowingD.lighting
12.A.frightenedB.pleasedC.puzzledD.surprised
13.A.failureB.dissatisfactionC.complaintD.determination
14.A.responsibilityB.apologyC.coldnessD.concept
15.A.mindB.opinionC.behaviorD.look
答案：1.C
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过一个“两根蜡烛”的小故事告诉我们：对待这个社会要热情积极，不要冷漠刻薄地看待事物。
【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文第8空后的he complained over it with his wife可知此处是“抱怨”的情绪。故选C。
答案：2.B
解析：2.【解题思路】考查形容词。句意：有一天，他告诉他的妻子，他对这个城市太失望了以至于自己不得不离开。上文说汤姆成为一个意志消沉的人，故他对这个城市失望。故选B。
答案：3.D
解析：3.【解题思路】考查动词（短语）。根据上文内容可知，他和家人搬到了另一个城市，他和妻子应该正忙着收拾他们的新家。故选D。
答案：4.D
解析：4.【解题思路】考查副词。根据上下文内容可知，电灯熄灭了，家里又没有蜡烛，所以汤姆只能怀着低落的心情无助地等待。故选D。
答案：5.B
解析：5.【解题思路】考查形容词。根据下文内容可知，此处是邻居敲门送蜡烛，那敲门声在安静的晚上特别清楚。故选B。
答案：6.A
解析：6.【解题思路】考查名词。根据上文内容可知，他们一家刚来到这个城市，自然是新来的人。故选A。
答案：7.C
解析：7.【解题思路】考查副词。根据上下文内容可知，他不耐烦地打开门。故选C。
答案：8.D
解析：8.【解题思路】考查副词。根据下文“What a nuisance （讨厌鬼）！”可知，他猛地关上门。故选D。
答案：9.D
解析：9.【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文内容可知，汤姆之所以抱怨，一定是他以为小女孩来借蜡烛。故选D。
答案：10.C
解析：10.【解题思路】考查连词。句意：但是这次她拿着两支蜡烛，说：“我的奶奶告诉我楼下的新邻居可能需要蜡烛。她让我来给你们这些。”此处与前面是转折关系。故选C。
答案：11.A
解析：11.【解题思路】考查动词。句意同上。根据下文“My grandma told me…candles.”可知，小女孩手里拿着两根蜡烛。故选A。
答案：12.D
解析：12.【解题思路】考查形容词。句意：汤姆对他所看到的感到非常惊讶。据上下文语境可知，这种情况出乎他的意料，所以他应该是很惊讶。故选D。
答案：13.A
解析：13.【解题思路】考查名词。根据第一段第一句中的repeated failure可判断，他突然意识到是什么造成了他生活中的失败。故选A。
答案：14.C
解析：14.【解题思路】考查名词。根据上文汤姆开始对小女孩的态度可判断，他确实是个冷漠与刻薄之人。故选C。
答案：15.A
解析：15.【解题思路】考查名词。根据全文内容可知，在生活中欺骗他的人其实不是别人，而是他自己，因为他的生活已经被他无情的心灵所蒙蔽。故选A。
9Unit 2 A life’s work Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.By the time I was in my 20s, I was building a successful (success) career in advertising.
2.Lottery winners’ windfalls are found in multiple scientific (science) studies not to affect overall senses of well-being.
3.In our hearts we Chinese will always cherish him as a founder (found) of our Party and our state.
4.The performer (perform) seemed quite at home anywhere between a horse’s head and its tail.
5.As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication (dedicate) from his employees.
6.Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of achievement (achieve).
7.We want to highlight the academic achievement because I hope this is just the first of many academic celebrations (celebrate).
8.None of them could have imagined the very needle and thread they use to make traditional (tradition) Miao clothing could be their way out.
9.The written application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance (disappear) and the requests.
10.It is desirable (desire) that we should provide food for the poor at Christmas.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
on a daily basis, a flock of, be crucial to, back down, be born into, contribute to, break new ground, be experienced in
1.He was born into a family with three brothers and valued the sense of sharing.
2.A team of experts who are experienced in the investigation of outbreaks have been sent to the disaster areas.
3.The members in the club are required to meet on a daily basis , discussing every possible problem in detail.
4.Winning the game is crucial to the team, for the result will decide whether it will defend its championship.
5.In the distance, a flock of sheep are ranging on the grassland.
6.Those who have made contributions to science are the ones who have worked the hardest and have not been afraid to break new ground .
7.Your suggestion has contributed to the accomplishment of our work.
8.He determined not to back down ; after all, there were so many people in support of him.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
2.他的建议是, 我们应该保持冷静。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm .
3.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。
The scissors are not what I need .
4.那就是我来的原因。
That is why I came .
5.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
6.问题是, 明天谁将与我去北京。
The question is who will go with me to Beijing tomorrow.
7.那就是我想要对你讲的。
That is what I want to tell you.
8.这是我15岁时发生的事。
That was when I was fifteen .
9.又不是你永远离开。
It isn’t as if you were going away for ever.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2021福建莆田一中期末）
A rainy day can be a chance to recharge. While you relaxed on the sofa with a movie, the raindrops falling on your windows might one day provide the power for your TV. This is the idea behind an invention that harvests energy from water.
The technology is based on the triboelectric （摩擦电的）effect. An engineer at the University of Hawaii, David Ma knew that it’s possible to generate electricity by rubbing two things together. So, he thought, “Why don’t we use water ”
A drop of water sliding across a surface coated with two different materials would generate enough friction to create an electrical charge. By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved, it should be possible to harvest electricity, he reasoned.
It worked. In fact, the researchers lit up 15 LED bulbs with a single moving water drop.
This is not the first time that scientists have got electricity from water-generated friction（摩擦）. Earlier experiments, though, harvested the charge produced in a surface by a sliding drop of water. There, the surface had acted as an electrode（电极）. This is different. The energy of friction is being harvested from the water itself.
“It turns out,” Ma says, “the charge in the water dropis way more than the charge produced in the other electrode.” In fact, his team’s model generated almost 100 times more power than previous experiments from a single drop of water.
“The technology could someday power phones, sensors or other small electronics,” says Christopher Oshman, an engineer at the Colorado School of Mines. “This work is a step toward harvesting the energy of moving objects all around us, including ourselves, to power the electronic appliances we use every day,” he says.
Ma has shown that the technology can work in a lab, Oshman says. Next, the Colorado researcher would like to see it tried on a larger scale, such as on an umbrella.
1.How did the author introduce the topic of the text
A.By telling a story.
B.By raising a question.
C.By giving an example.
D.By imagining a situation.
2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.The wire.B.The drop of water.
C.The surface.D.The electricity.
3.What is unique about Ma’s technique compared with earlier experiments
A.The water itself acts as an electrode.
B.It is based on the triboelectric effect.
C.It produces electricity from water-made friction.
D.It uses a surface coated with two different materials.
4.What does Oshman say about Ma’s technology
A.It has a promising future.
B.It will do well on an umbrella.
C.It works well in the real world.
D.It will replace batteries someday.
答案：1.D
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了夏威夷大学的工程师David Ma认为摩擦两件东西来发电是可能的。因此水滴也可以通过滑动产生电。事实上, 研究人员用一颗移动的水滴点亮了15个LED灯泡。这项技术有一天可以为手机、传感器或其他小型电子产品提供动力, 进行大规模的应用。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段A rainy day can be…energy from water. 可知, 雨天可能是一个充电的机会。当你在沙发上看电影放松时, 落在窗户上的雨滴也许有一天会为你的电视提供能量。这就是一项从水中获取能量的发明背后的理念。由此可知, 作者通过想象一个情景, 引出文章的主题, 故选D项。
答案：2.B
解析：2.【命题立意】代词指代题。【解题思路】上文By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved说通过放置金属丝, 水滴在移动时接触到金属丝。由此可知, 下文it should be possible to harvest electricity的意思是水滴应该可以获得电力。it指的是水滴, 故选B项。
答案：3.A
解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】倒数第四段中提到Earlier experiments, though…from the water itself., 由此可知, 与早期的实验相比, Ma的技术的独特之处在于水本身起着电极的作用, 摩擦的能量可以从水本身获取。故选A项。
答案：4.A
解析：4.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】倒数第二段提到“The technology could someday…appliances we use every day,” he says., 由此推断出, Oshman认为Ma的技术有一个光明的未来。故选A项。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
A
Every culture has it’s own folklore. Folklore is a collection of tales and bits of 1 (wise) that teach students how to behave and think. It includes legends, songs, art, tales, myths and proverbs. People pass on folklore from one generation to the next.
Folklore helps keep history alive. For example, legends are folktales that 2 (base) on true stories. The plain truth about history is not always 3 (excite). To keep listeners interested, a storyteller invents details. The tale becomes so interesting that people retell 4 many times. Then it becomes a legend.
Tall tales are folktales that mix the truth 5 fiction, or events that did not really happen. People sometimes tell tall tales to fool people. 6 example of a tall tale is the story about Paul Bunyan, the giant lumberjack, or woodcutter. The tale says that Bunyan’s clothes were so large that his shirt buttons were wagon wheels. Tales about Bunyan took place at his lumber camp. The tales are fun 7 (hear). They also show what life was like in a lumber camp.
Myths are folktales that describe the 8 (create) of the world. They describe how the first human beings 9 (come) into the world. Myths focus on gods or heavenly beings. The gods may be humans or animals in form. The first people to tell myths thought that the stories were true-and 10 did their listeners. Myths may teach about the beliefs and values of a group of people.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.wisdom
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了民间故事的定义, 并介绍了几种民间故事的历史。
考查名词。句意：民间故事是教导学生如何表现和思考的故事和智慧的集合。根据介词of可知, 设空处应用名词作宾语。故填wisdom。
答案：2.are based
解析：2.考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：例如, 传说是基于真实故事的民间故事。be based on表示“以……为根据”; 此处定语从句的先行词folktales为复数, 从句中的谓语动词应用复数形式, 且句子陈述的是客观事实, 应使用一般现在时。故填are based。
答案：3.exciting
解析：3.考查形容词。句意：历史的朴素真相并不总是令人兴奋的。结合句意可知, 设空处应填形容词, 表示“令人兴奋的”。故填exciting。
答案：4.it
解析：4.考查代词。句意：这个故事变得很有趣以至于人们复述了很多遍。设空处指代主语The tale, 应用人称代词it。故填it。
答案：5.with
解析：5.考查介词。句意：荒诞不经的故事是指混合了真实与虚构的民间故事, 或者是没有真正发生的事件。固定短语mix…with…表示“将……与……混合”。故填with。
答案：6.An
解析：6.考查冠词。句意：荒诞不经的故事的一个例子是关于巨人伐木工人Paul Bunyan的故事。此处example为可数名词单数, 泛指“一个例子”, 且以元音音素开头, 应使用an。位于句首, 首字母应大写。故填An。
答案：7.to hear
解析：7.考查非谓语动词。句意：这些故事听起来很有趣。“be动词+形容词+to do”为固定结构。故填to hear。
答案：8.creation
解析：8.考查名词。句意：神话描述的是创造世界的民间故事。定冠词the和介词of前应用名词。故填creation。
答案：9.came
解析：9.考查动词时态。句意：它们描述了第一批人类是如何来到这个世界的。结合句意可知, 此处描述过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时。故填came。
答案：10.so
解析：10.考查倒装结构。句意：第一批讲神话的人认为这些故事是真实的——他们的听众也是如此。“so+助动词+主语”为倒装结构, 表示某人或某物的情况与前面所叙述的情况相同, 此处表示“听众也认为这些故事是真实的” 。故填so。
B
（2020江西高二月考）
Wild China is a six-part nature documentary series on the natural history of China, co-produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and CCTV and 1 (film) in high-definition（HD高清）.
For centuries, tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures 2 (tell) by travelers to China. Chinese civilization is the world’s oldest and today, it’s the largest, with well over a billion people. It’s home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups and a wide range of traditional lifestyles, often in close 3 (partner) to nature.
Let’s catch a brief glimpse of several great wonders of it.
Land of the Panda
Protected by the Great Wall in the North and fed by the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, China’s eastern heartland is the center of a flourishing civilization 4 spans over 5,000 years. To outsiders, this is a mysterious land 5 (contain) splendid man-made structures and appealing tourist 6 (attract) and it’s home to some of China’s 7 (rare) and most charismatic （有超凡魅力的）creatures.
Tides of the Change
This is the area which shows the greatest contrast 8 China’s past and it’s future. Today China’s eastern seaboard is home to 700 million people packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth. Yet 9 remains hugely important is whether these crowded shores can be enjoyed 10 (separate) by a wealth of wildlife A lot more out there for you to explore with your eyes open wide. It’s worth your while!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.filmed
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一部有关中国自然历史的六集纪录片《美丽中国》。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知, 动词film“拍摄电影”在句子中不作谓语, 与其逻辑主语“Wild China”是被动关系。所以用动词过去分词作状语。故填filmed。
答案：2.have been told
解析：2.考查动词时态和语态。分析句子成分可知, 主语“tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures”与谓语tell是被动关系, 所以用被动语态; 此处表达的意思是“几个世纪以来, 奇妙的景色和令人惊奇的生物的传说一直被讲述”, 所以用现在完成时。故填have been told。
答案：3.partnership
解析：3.考查名词。根据语境可知, 这里指与自然关系密切。close partnership表示“关系密切”。故填partnership。
答案：4.which/that
解析：4.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 从句是定语从句, 修饰先行词civilization, 且从句中缺主语。故填which/that。
答案：5.containing
解析：5.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 动词contain不作谓语, 且与其逻辑主语land是主动关系。故填containing。
答案：6.attractions
解析：6.考查名词。根据并列连词and连接的structures 提示, 空格处填名词复数形式。故填attractions。
答案：7.rarest
解析：7.考查形容词最高级。 根据并列连词and连接的most charismatic提示, 空格处填形容词最高级。故填rarest。
答案：8.between
解析：8.考查介词。根据语境可知, 此处表达“介于……之间”且有and提示, 故填between。
答案：9.what
解析：9.考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知, 从句是主语从句, 且从句中缺主语; 根据语境可知此处填what。故填what。
答案：10.separately
解析：10.考查副词。分析句子成分可知, 此处是副词修饰表语从句的谓语动词的用法, 用副词。故填separately。
8Unit 2 A life’s work Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1.Youngsters who suffer the academic burden are encouraged to take up a sport and lead an active life.
2.Thanksgiving, an annual holiday in the US dating from hundreds of years ago, falls on the fourth Thursday in November.
3.He is very ambitious （ambition）and well-qualified, so he should reach the top of his profession.
4.A healthy lifestyle is often considered to be associated with exercise, the mood and diet.
5.We haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that we’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
be associated with, be embodied in, pass on…to…, it seems unlikely that, impressive
1.Making shoes isn’t a profitable job, but he still insists as he wants to preserve the craft and deliver it to the younger generation. pass on it to
2.So unforgettable is its unique scenery that it is said to be more beautiful than any other city in Canada. impressive
3.In a TV ad, a happy housewife is polishing the table and then her smiling face is reflected in the table. is embodied in
4.It seems impossible that she will arrive before seven. It seems unlikely that
5.In children’s minds, winter is related to skiing, skating and making snowmen. is associated with
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1.这个活动不仅让我们接近大自然，也促进了我们之间的友谊。（promote）
Not only did the activity get us close to nature, it also promoted the friendship among us.
2.John雄心勃勃，打算在别的地方设立十多家分公司。（so…that…的倒装结构）
So ambitious is John that he plans to set up more than ten branches elsewhere.
3.我在工作面试中的良好表现使我对未来感到乐观。（optimistic）
My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic about my future.
4.名人没有太多的空闲时间，因为他们的时间被他们的工作占用了。（take up）
Famous people don’t have much free time because their time is taken up by their work.
5.他没有润色他的诗，所以不敢把它交给教授。（polish）
Not having polished his poem, he didn’t dare to submit it to the professor.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2021广东华南师大附中期末）
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated（孤立的） and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving in later life.
These include custom-made navigation（导航） tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案） to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB
A.To explore new means of transport.
B.To design new types of cars.
C.To find out older drivers’ problems.
D.To teach people traffic rules.
2.Why is driving important to older people according to Phil Blythe
A.It keeps them independent.
B.It helps them save time.
C.It builds up their strength.
D.It cures their mental illnesses.
3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers
A.Improve their driving skills.
B.Develop driver-assist technologies.
C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D.Organize regular physical checkups.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.A New Model Electric Car
B.A Solution to Traffic Problems
C.Driving Service for Elders
D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
答案：1.C
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如开发了控制速度的系统、导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应，以确保他们的独立性，做到出入自由。
【命题立意】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第一段The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 可知，DriveLAB是为了理解老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里，即发现老年司机的问题，故选C。
答案：2.A
解析：2.【命题立意】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第四段中Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知，开车对于保持老年司机的独立性很重要，让他们可以自由地出去走动，而不必依赖别人。故选A。
答案：3.B
解析：3.【命题立意】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第五段中“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”及最后一段“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案） to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”可知，研究人员想要用技术解决老年司机的关键难题，来确保老年司机的安全。故选B。
答案：4.D
解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】本文主要介绍一些研究人员想要利用技术解决老年司机驾驶存在的问题，其目的是帮助老年司机能够一直开车直到应该停止的年龄，故以“Keeping Older Drivers on the Road”为标题最符合全文主旨。故选D。
Ⅱ. 七选五
“The calm before the storm” is a very familiar expression. It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument. 1 They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become calm and the winds would drop.
But why is it often so calm before a storm 2 According to US website HowStuffWorks, a calm period occurs because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and damp air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.
Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. 3 So once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm.
4 First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. A good judgement is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, calm doesn’t always go first. So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. 5
A. Science has given us the answer.
B. There is no definite answer to the question.
C. Weather reports sometimes cannot be trusted.
C. British sailors coined the phrase in the late l600s.
D. As the air declines, it becomes warm and dry, which is stable.
F. The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is.
G. That’s the most reliable way to predict the next display of nature’s temper.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案：1.D
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章就“暴风雨前的宁静”这一说法做出了科学的解释，并且说明了一种计算暴风雨距离的窍门。同时告诉读者随时更新天气预报是预测下一个自然气象最可靠的方法。
【解题思路】根据下文They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become calm and the winds would drop. 可知，他们注意到，在某些暴风雨来临之前，海面似乎会变得平静，风也会减弱。根据代词They可推理上文有人提出这一说法。故选D。
答案：2.A
解析：2.【解题思路】根据上文But why is it often so calm before a storm （但是为什么暴风雨来临前往往那么平静呢 ）可知，下文就此做出回答。此处应是引出下文的答语。故选A。
答案：3.E
解析：3.【解题思路】根据下文So once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm. 可知，所以一旦它覆盖了一个区域，它就会在风暴前形成一段平静期。下文为覆盖，反之可推理上文应为空气下降。故选E。
答案：4.F
解析：4.【解题思路】根据下文First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. A good judgement is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away. 可知，首先数一下闪电和雷声之间有多少秒，大约三秒等于一公里。一个最佳判断是如果你的计数低于30秒，你应该立即寻求庇护。由此可知，此处是在介绍一个预测暴风雨距离的方法。故选F。
答案：5.G
解析：5.【解题思路】根据上文So， your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. 可知，你最好的办法就是随时更新天气预报，预测你所在地区即将来临的暴风雨。此处应评价上文那种方法是合理的。故选G。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
1.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。（2020山东济南外国语学校寒假综合测试三）
There was something in the elderly woman’s grace that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of her steps, the woman moved with deliberation （从容）, and there was no hesitation in her gestures.
It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I could see the people outside rushing by.
The elderly woman entered the store, along with her daughter, who was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, sighing and checking her watch every few seconds. I guessed if she had possessed a rope, she would have fastened it to her mother to drag her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.
The elderly woman separated from her daughter and began to seek through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title written on an old piece of paper.
Rather than rush off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I thought I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment.
Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas. I missed my mom and still felt regretful about the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life unhappy.
As we walked along the back of the store, I introduced its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.
We found the DVD and she thanked me, saying that it was the one she’d enjoyed when she was her daughter’s age. Unwillingly, I accompanied her to the cash register, realizing I had to return the elderly woman to her daughter, who was still tapping her foot in the front of the store.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
As the elderly woman was waiting in the queue at the cash register, I walked over to her daughter.
Together they made their way toward the store’s exit.
解析：确定故事要素
要素 内容
Who An elderly woman, her daughter
When A few years ago
Where In a video store at the local shopping mall
What An elderly woman wanted to buy a DVD.
Why The daughter was impatient with her mother.
解析：提取故事线索
故事线索The Clue Look for the DVD-find the DVD-kindness
开端 Beginning There was something in the elderly woman’s grace that caught my eye. Her daughter was impatient, rolling her eyes, sighing and checking her watch every few seconds.
发展 Development I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. I thought of my mother.
高潮Climax I accompanied her to the cash register. The daughter was still tapping her foot in the front of the store.
结局Ending 续写部分
解析：续写情境推理
Para. 1: As the elderly woman was waiting in the queue at the cash register, I walked over to her daughter.
1. How did I talk to the daughter
I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的环境描写，用环境烘托感受。根据续写的语言风格的一致性，此处用表情描写表达作者的善意。）
2. How did the daughter feel then
She rolled her eyes and felt curious and surprised.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的心理感受描写，利用情感线索推动故事发展。此处使用I answered her curious expression 描写那个女儿的惊讶和好奇。）
3. Did the mother realize what happened
Having finished saying this, I noticed the elderly woman moving with her deliberation back to her daughter.
（续写第一段和第二段首句要合理衔接，根据第二段首句推断出老妇人的女儿向妈妈走过去。
根据故事情节可推理出母亲心里感觉到了女儿的不耐心，女儿放慢自己的脚步。Para. 2: Together they made their way toward the store’s exit.
1. Was the daughter aware of her mistake and how And slowly, almost unwillingly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulder and gently guided her back into the crowd. （续写故事要有积极向上的价值观，体现积极的人生观，所以推断尽管会不愿意，但是女儿还是转身去适应母亲的速度。
2. What impressed me most
It was the elderly woman’s grace and the daughter’s support to her mother that the crowded mall quietly witnessed.
（续写要求主题同一，指续写时要紧扣所给材料的中心，不得脱离原主题另起炉灶。所以依据所给材料，母女离开，留下和谐美好的背影。3. How did I feel then
Tears filled my eyes when I watched them disappearing in the crowd.
（所给材料中运用丰富的感情描写，并利用事件线索和感情线索推动故事情节发展。根据续写部分与所给材料的线索同一性，最后段落要通过心理描写表达作者对母亲的怀念。
高级短语及句式
1. in the queue排队
2. criticize vt. 批评3. deliberation n. 审议；考虑；从容；细想
4. 时间状语从句：As the elderly woman was waiting in the queue at the cash register, I walked over to her daughter.
5. 非谓语动词的运用: Having finished saying this, I noticed the elderly woman moving with her deliberation back to her daughter.
答案：高分范文
“Mind some advice ” I asked. She rolled her eyes and said, “Of course not.” I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her and cherish every single moment you can stay with her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s these little moments that will come back to you. Moments like this. I know.” Having finished saying this, I noticed the elderly woman moving with her deliberation back to her daughter.;
Then the daughter glanced over her elderly mother. And slowly, almost unwillingly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulder and gently guided her back into the crowd. Tears filled my eyes when I watched them disappearing in the crowd.
9Unit 2 A life’s work Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
Ⅰ. 语境填词
1.One should keep in mind that scientific development usually comes about in somewhat regular fashion （时尚）.
2.They may want to save money for a wedding trip to a faraway （遥远的） place or to buy a house.
3.Stephen Hawking’s achievements earned him the acclaim （赞美） of the entire scientific community.
4.Join the hottest hip-hop party, step into the spotlight （聚光灯） and show your moves.
5.It is in China’s vital interest to keep Hong Kong prosperous （繁荣的） and stable.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
in fashion, approach to, keep up, think up, date back to, break away from, leave out, make light of
1.The community, whose links with Syria go back to biblical（圣经） times, is mainly elderly people. date back to
2.The prisoner got rid of the two policemen who were holding him. broke away from
3.Do you think this paragraph can be deleted left out
4.Julian has been coming up with new ways of raising money. thinking up
5.The school has decided to adopt a different way of discipline. approach to
6.Roberts attempted to ignore his discomfort. make light of
7.Some people say that reading is not up to date. in fashion
8.Michael showed a brave front both to the world and in his home. kept up
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1.很多年轻人来到这座大城市的原因是他们想寻求幸福和成功。（表语从句） The reason why a lot of young people come to this big city is that they want to seek happiness and success.
2.我们第一次一起吃饭是在参观长城的时候。（表语从句）
The first time we had dinner together was when we were visiting the Great Wall.
3.迈克变化太大了。他已不再是过去的他了。（表语从句）
Mike has changed so much. He is no longer what he used to be.
4.汤姆把他所有的精力都用在学习上了。那就是他取得巨大进步的原因。（表语从句）
Tom has devoted all his energies to study. That’s why he has made great progress.
5.我们担心的是这种新病毒能否被预防和控制。（表语从句）
Our concern is whether the novel virus can be prevented and controlled.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
（2020江苏南通启东中学期中）
The park bench was deserted as I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old tree, with good reason to frown, for the world was intended to drag me down. At this time, a boy approached me. He stood right before me, and said with great excitement, “Look what I found!”
In his hand was a flower, and what a pitiful sight, with its petals （花瓣） all worn. Wanting him to take his flower and go off to play, I faked a small smile and then turned to the other side.
But instead of leaving, he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his nose and declared, “It really smells pretty and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I picked it. Here, it’s for you.”
The flower before me was dying or dead. But I knew I must take it, or he might never leave. So I reached for the flower, and replied, “Just what I need.”
But instead of placing the flower in my hand, he held it in mid-air. It was then that I noticed that the boy was blind.
I heard my voice quiver （轻微颤抖）, and at the same time my tears shone like the sun. As I thanked him for picking the very best one, he smiled and said, “You’re welcome.” And then he ran off to play, unaware of the impact he’d had on me.
I sat there and wondered how he managed to see a self-pitying woman beneath an old tree. Perhaps from his heart, he’d been blessed with true sight.
Through the eyes of the blind boy, I could see the problem was not with the world; the problem was me. And for all of those times I had been blind. From now on I vowed to see beauty and appreciate every second that’s mine. Then I held the flower up to my nose and breathed its fragrance and smiled as that young boy.
1.When she sat down to read on the bench, the author .
A.felt relaxed and peaceful
B.felt upset and unhappy with her life
C.wanted to have a friend keeping her company
D.felt proud to have overcome the difficulties in life
2.The author decided to take the flower at first because .
A.she was really moved by the boy
B.she didn’t want to hurt the young boy
C.she thought the flower was really beautiful
D.she didn’t like being bothered by the boy any more
3.Which of the following can best describe the boy？
A.Kind and optimistic.
B.Independent and active.
C.Handsome and intelligent.
D.Warmhearted and sensitive.
答案：1.B
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者感到很郁闷的时候，一个盲人男孩出现了，送了作者一朵花，他的善良和乐观让作者重新点燃对生活的热爱。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句The park bench was deserted as I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old tree, with good reason to frown, for the world was intended to drag me down. 可知，当她坐下来在长凳上阅读时，眉头紧锁，她对自己的生活感到不安和不快乐。故选B。
答案：2.D
解析：2.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的But I knew I must take it, or he might never leave. 可知，作者决定把花拿去，因为她不希望被这个男孩打扰。故选D。
答案：3.A
解析：3.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，作者感到很郁闷的时候，一个盲人男孩出现了，送了她一朵花，他的善良和乐观让作者重新点燃对生活的热爱。由此可见，男孩很善良、乐观。故选A。
B
Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.
Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children’s chromosomes （染色体）, called telomeres（端粒）, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.
Telomeres are special DNA sequences （序列）which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.
Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.
In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children’s telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner, physical maltreatment by an adult, or bullying. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres-in cells obtained by wiping the insides of their cheeks-at ages 5 and 10.
Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.
Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres.
“The study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes,” says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.
4.The new study found that .
A.hardship can change a child’s memory
B.violence can speed up a child’s aging
C.violence leaves scars on a child’s mind
D.hardship has an effect on a child’s mind
5.What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Telomeres.B.Children.
C.Chromosomes.D.DNA sequences.
6.What can be inferred from the text
A.Violence can cause quick cell death in children’s body.
B.Telomeres can help prevent chromosomes from separating.
C.Children who have shorter telomeres have heart attacks later.
D.Being treated badly will make a child’s telomeres shorten faster.
7.What is the best title for the text
A.Violence and Telomeres
B.The Function of Telomeres
C.Violence Makes Children Aging
D.DNA Influences Children’s Growth
答案：4.B
解析：4.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了暴力或困境会影响孩子的身体，改变他们的DNA，导致孩子提前衰老。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging. 可知，研究表明，暴力不仅可以影响孩子的身体，也能改变他们的DNA，也能导致等同于七到十年的提前衰老。由此可以判断出，新的研究显示，暴力会加速孩子变老。故选B。
答案：5.A
解析：5.【命题立意】代词指代题。【解题思路】根据第三段Telomeres are special DNA sequences （序列）which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies. 可知，端粒是特殊的DNA 的序列，可以阻止染色体中的DNA分裂。每次细胞分裂时，它们都变得更短，直到细胞不能分裂任何一个细胞。由此可知，“They”指的是上文中的Telomeres。故选A。
答案：6.D
解析：6.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】由第六段中的Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence可知，当孩子面临两种或两种以上类型的暴力时，端粒变短的速度会更快。由此可知，被暴力对待会使一个孩子的端粒加速变短。故选D。
答案：7.C
解析：7.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据全文内容可知，文章主要说明暴力会加速DNA中端粒的变短而让孩子们提前衰老。故选C。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
（2020江西南昌十中高二期中）
Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment 1 a reporter in China Daily. At the office his talk with his new boss influenced his life strongly. His boss told him not to go out to cover an event 2 a professional photographer.
During the interviews, he had to listen to a lot of 3 （detail）facts when getting well prepared for the next question based on 4 the person said. If the person 5 （interview） agreed, he should use a recorder to record what the interviewee said. The boss also gave him 6 example of the importance of a recorder. Once a footballer was accused of taking money for 7 （deliberate） not scoring goals. He admitted that someone 8 （try） to bribe him, but he denied taking the money. With the recording, it was proved that he was 9 （guilt）. He was angry and tried to stop it, 10 failed.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.as
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了周洋在成为《中国日报》的记者后，老板向他讲述了作为记者，报道采访过程中需要注意的事项，以便使自己获得所需信息的故事。
考查介词。句意：周洋永远不会忘记他作为《中国日报》的记者的第一个任务。结合句意及句子结构可知，空处需用介词as，表示作为记者。故填as。
答案：2.without
解析：2.考查介词。根据语境和句子结构可知，空处需用介词，表示“没有……”，故填without。
答案：3.detailed
解析：3.考查形容词。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词facts, detail的形容词为detailed“详细的”。故填detailed。
答案：4.what
解析：4.考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，介词on后面是一个宾语从句，从句的动词缺少宾语，此处表示说的内容，需用连接代词what，故填what。
答案：5.interviewed
解析：5.考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：如果被采访的人同意，他应该使用录音机来记录被采访者所说的话。本句已有谓语动词 agreed，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，此处the person和interview之间是被动关系，所以这里是过去分词作后置定语，故填interviewed。
答案：6.an
解析：6.考查不定冠词。句意：老板还给他举了一个有关录音机重要性的例子。空处需用不定冠词a/an，泛指一个例子，example以元音音素开头，所以前面用an，故填an。
答案：7.deliberately
解析：7.考查副词。句意：有一次，一名足球运动员被指控因故意不进球而受贿。此处需用副词修饰后面的scoring goals“进球”，故填deliberately。
答案：8.had tried
解析：8.考查动词时态。句意：他承认有人竭力贿赂他，但他否认拿了钱。由主句的谓语动词admitted可知，空处动词需用过去的某种时态，结合句意可知，此处表示“过去的过去”发生的动作，所以空处需用过去完成时：had done。故填had tried。
答案：9.guilty
解析：9.考查形容词。句意：有了录音，他就被证明是有罪的。空处需用形容词作表语，guilt的形容词为guilty“有罪的”。故填guilty。
答案：10.but
解析：10.考查连词。句意：他很生气，试图阻止它，但失败了。根据空前空后句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，需用并列连词but。故填but。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
（2020山东泰安高二上学期期末）
假定你是李华，你们学校昨天举办了汉文化活动。 请你用英语给你的加拿大笔友 Tom 写一封邮件告知他此事，内容包括：
1. 活动目的、时间和地点；
2. 主要内容（汉代舞蹈表演及汉服介绍）；
3. 你的感受。
注意：1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和落款已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：高分范文
Dear Tom,
In order to protect traditional Chinese culture, an activity about the culture of the Han Dynasty was held in our school hall yesterday. Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I am writing to tell you about it.
The activity started with a wonderful dance performed by several girls wearing beautifully-designed Hanfu. Later, a teacher introduced the characteristics of Hanfu and the manners of the Han Dynasty. Students who had questions asked the teacher actively.
Through this activity, I have learned more about the culture of the Han Dynasty. It’s really meaningful.
Yours,
Li Hua
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