Unit 3 War and peace Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ. 语境填词
1.The violent （暴力的）scenes on TV shake people’s belief in law and society, which makes them lack a sense of security.
2.Here are some moving stories of these outstanding （杰出的） people in the battle against the epidemic.
3.This book offers techniques for how to liberate （解放） ourselves from fear and anxiety and present ourselves best in high-pressure situations.
4.The significance of memorial （纪念的） days goes far beyond celebrations.
5.Setting objectives （目标） allows you to shorten the distance between what you are and what you want to be.
6.Henderson recalled （回忆起）that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington.
7.Can you imagine all the horrors （令人惊恐的事）we have undergone since I last wrote to you
8.I can barely （勉强地） understand it, so it’s difficult for me to explain it.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
be made up of, free…from, have confidence in, nothing less than, prepare for, make it, come up with, in between
1.A soccer ball consists of 32 leather panels. is made up of
2.A sandwich consists of two slices of bread with some other food between the two slices. in between
3.For some, the proposal has been completely an unwelcome challenge. nothing less than
4.All the hardships at an early age helped me ready for the imperfect world. prepare for
5.I can’t believe we succeeded in it-I thought for sure that we would miss the flight! made it
6.In an ideal world, we might be able to rid ourselves of discrimination. free; from
7.My mom is always able to think up some yummy snacks for me in the afternoon. come up with
8.China has the capability to win the battle against the virus. I am confident of China! have confidence in
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1.开完会后我们都回家了。（独立主格结构）
The meeting being over , all of us went home.
2.有些物质是可溶的, 而另一些物质则不是。（while的用法）
Some substances are soluble, while others are not .
3.到1999年底公司已完成了那个项目。（过去完成时）
The company had completed the project by the end of 1999.
4.我的叔叔虽然老了, 但他看上去还是很健壮。（although引导状语从句）
Although my uncle is old , he looks very strong and healthy.
5.当他问老师时, 他很有礼貌。（状语从句的省略）
When asking the teacher , he was very polite.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2021江西省万载中学开学考试）
Below are some of the best exhibitions in UK museums, galleries and historic houses.
20 Years of Treasure-Oxfordshire Museum
Objects range from clay pipes and pots to gold coins and Elizabethan rings, all contributing to a deeper understanding of the area’s history. Recent acquisitions such as a beautifully decorated pair of Roman calipers（卡尺）is on display for the first time. Many items are now part of the county’s permanent collections, but there is also the opportunity to view discoveries that were recorded and returned to their finders.
Opening times：Tue.—Sat., 10 a. m.—5 p. m. Sun., 2 p. m.—5 p. m.
A History of Fashion-Fashion Museum
This display features the items that have shaped the way Britons have dressed over the last 500 years. Among them is a woman’s waistcoat dating back to the time of Shakespeare, a selection of silk robes that would have been desired by the upper-class people of Georgian society, a New Look suit worn in the 1920s by the ballet dancer Margot Fonteyn and a 21st century body-Galaxy dress.
Opening times：Daily,10：30 a. m.—5 p. m.
Another India-Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
Marking the 70th anniversary of India’s independence from Britain, another India looks at the story of the country’s Adivasi and Indigenous people using a rich collection of artifacts. Never-before-seen objects from the museum’s collection are on display, together with several recently acquired works, including a number of newly created pieces by contemporary Adivasi sculptors.
Opening times：Tue.—Sat.,10：30 a. m.—4：30 p. m. Sun., 12 noon—4：30 p. m.
Art since 9/11—IWM London
On display are 50 works of art including film, sculpture, painting, installations, photography and prints, bringing together the varying perspectives of more than 40 artists. Many exhibits are being shown in the UK for the first time. The exhibition is organized into four themes, exploring 9/11 itself, the resultant argument over state security, our relationship with weapons and other tools of war, and the damage caused to people and the environment.
Opening times：Daily,10 a. m.—6 p. m.
1.What can we learn about the exhibits in Oxfordshire Museum
A.They all belong to the museum.
B.They came from royal families.
C.Some of them have never been on show before.
D.Some of them were donated by other countries.
2.What does the fashion display reflect
A.The differences in dressing among Britons.
B.The changes in Britons’ way of dressing.
C.The way of Britons’ shaping their lives.
D.The history of Britons’ making clothes.
3.Which of the exhibitions explores the theme of war
A.Art since 9/11.
B.A History of Fashion.
C.Another India.
D.20 Years of Treasure.
答案：1.C
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一则广告。文章介绍了在英国博物馆、展览馆和历史建筑举办的一些最好的展览。
【命题立意】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据20 Years of Treasure-Oxfordshire Museum部分中“Recent acquisitions such as a beautifully decorated pair of Roman calipers（卡尺）is on display for the first time.”可知, 我们能从Oxfordshire Museum的展品中了解到它们中的一些以前从未展览过。故选C。
答案：2.B
解析：2.
【命题立意】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据A History of Fashion-Fashion Museum部分中“This display features the items that have shaped the way Britons have dressed over the last 500 years.”可知, 时尚展览反映了英国人穿衣方式的变化。故选B。
答案：3.A
解析：3.
【命题立意】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据Art since 9/11—IWM London部分中“exploring 9/11 itself, the resultant argument over state security, our relationship with weapons and other tools of war”可知, 展览中的Art since 9/11探讨了战争的主题。故选A。
深度解析
词汇积累decorate vt. 装修; 装饰 feature vt. 以……为特色 record vt. 记录; 录音 on display展览 date back to 追溯到 argument n. 争论; 论证
Ⅱ. 完形填空
（2020河北衡水安平中学高二月考）
Alice is a student who came to my class last year. Though she has already turned 60, Alice looks so fit and 1 , with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude. I am Alice’s teacher in class, but I feel she is my teacher in life.
For my 2-hour class every Saturday morning, Alice has to take a 3-hour round-trip on the road. But she is never 2 for class. Alice is very passionate about learning English. She often says, “Don’t 3 me as a 60-year-old. I am just a new beginner who wants to learn anything 4 . You know, I am very excited to come to the class!” So I feel a strong sense of 5 to make sure what I teach makes sense to her.
Alice came to me with very 6 English skills, but she turns out to be a very fast learner because she always puts English 7 on a daily basis. I 8 her homework before every class. Her homework is usually not what I 9 for the class, rather it is something that she 10 to put together. She makes various sentences using the important words and phrases she learned from our 11 class. I am always 12 by the quality of her work.
I feel fortunate to have a student like Alice. She has 13 me so much. Our 14 is a great learning experience for both of us. Though I have no idea why she learns English, I hope I can help her 15 her dream, whatever it is.
1.A.strongB.cheerfulC.generousD.proud
2.A.anxiousB.readyC.lateD.meant
3.A.treatB.recognizeC.mistakeD.describe
4.A.carefullyB.properlyC.literallyD.eagerly
5.A.humorB.achievementC.responsibilityD.belonging
6.A.specialB.basicC.plicated
7.A.in placeB.in motionC.in orderD.in use
8.A.copyB.checkC.mentionD.prepare
9.A.adjustedB.savedC.assignedD.collected
10.A.volunteersB.agreesC.promisesD.hesitates
11.A.livelyB.previousC.typicalD.flexible
12.A.encouragedB.annoyedC.confusedD.impressed
13.A.taughtB.entertainedC.guaranteedD.permitted
14.A.appointmentB.arrangementC.interactionD.cooperation
15.A.play safe withB.try out forC.let go ofD.get closer to
答案：1.B
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了60岁的Alice对学习英语很有激情, 而且学习积极主动, 给身为老师的作者留下了深刻印象。她们之间的互动对她们俩来说都是一次很好的学习经历。
【解题思路】考查形容词。根据下文with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude可知, Alice是爱笑、开朗的人。故选B。
答案：2.C
解析：2.【解题思路】考查形容词。根据上文For my 2-hour class every Saturday morning, Alice has to take a 3-hour round-trip on the road. But she is never…可知, 虽然Alice每天为了上课来回要花三个小时, 但是她从不迟到。but表示转折。故选C。
答案：3.A
解析：3.【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文me as a 60-year-old可知, 此处是指将Alice当作60岁的人。treat…as“把……当作, 看作”。故选A。
答案：4.D
解析：4.【解题思路】考查副词。根据上文Alice is very passionate about learning English. 可知, Alice对学英语很有激情, 渴望学习。故选D。
答案：5.C
解析：5.【解题思路】考查名词。根据下文to make sure what I teach makes sense to her可知, 作者对Alice有一种责任感, 想要确保教的东西对她有意义。故选C。
答案：6.B
解析：6.【解题思路】考查形容词。结合下文English skills, but she turns out to be a very fast learner可推知, Alice来的时候具备很基本的英语技能, 后来才很快地学到了其他的知识。故选B。
答案：7.D
解析：7.【解题思路】考查介词短语辨析。结合下文on a daily basis可推知, Alice会在日常生活中使用英语。故选D。
答案：8.B
解析：8.【解题思路】考查动词。结合下文宾语her homework可知, 此处是检查家庭作业。故选B。
答案：9.C
解析：9.【解题思路】考查动词。结合上文Her homework is usually not what I可知, 此处是指作者在课堂上布置的家庭作业。故选C。
答案：10.A
解析：10.【解题思路】考查动词。根据上文Her homework is usually not what I可知, Alice的作业通常不是作者在课堂上布置的, 是她自己自愿去做的。故选A。
答案：11.B
解析：11.【解题思路】考查形容词。结合上文her homework before every class可知, 作业是每节课之前检查的, 说明Alice使用的是上节课学到的单词和短语。故选B。
答案：12.D
解析：12.【解题思路】考查形容词。结合上文的描述来看, Alice自发地写作业, 而且作业质量还很高, 所以她的家庭作业给作者留下了深刻印象。故选D。
答案：13.A
解析：13.【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文is a great learning experience for both of us可知Alice也教会了作者很多事情。故选A。
答案：14.C
解析：14.【解题思路】考查名词。根据下文is a great learning experience for both of us可知作者和Alice是互相学习, 是一种互动。故选C。
答案：15.D
解析：15.【解题思路】考查短语辨析。结合下文her dream可知, 此处表示接近梦想, 用get closer to。故选D。
7Unit 3 War and peace Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.The most effective “weapon” of peacekeepers (peacekeeper) is the support of the international community.
2.The construction of a dam influences downstream channel stability (stable) in two ways.
3.I was a new, idealistic teacher when Billy entered my fourth (four) grade.
4.It was not long before a helicopter arrived on scene to rescue the survivors (survive) of the plane crash.
5.Mr. Block hit the ceiling when he was asked senseless (sense) questions.
6.It was he who, so he would argue, had brought about the destruction (destroy) of Mr. Heath.
7.Do you forgive your thoughtless friend for her cruelty (cruel)
8.It provided the motivation (motivate) for controlling smoke and dust emission from industrial plants.
9.We now travel round the world in a way previously (previous) undreamt of.
10.I felt angry with my little sister greatly, but her innocent smile disarmed (disarm) me.
11.You show promise as a musician but your lack of practice is keeping you back .
12.Far from moving back, he threw all his time and energy into his work.
13.Shops are being forced to put their prices down in order to attract customers.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
refer to…as, on standby, throw…into, for the duration of, feel sad for, stop…from, remind…to do sth., at the beginning of, play a role in, carry out
1.Office workers in the UK who leave computers on standby were costing 1.7 billion yuan a year in energy bills.
2.Hansjoerg Kunc, an animal behaviorist, referred to human noise as a “major global pollutant” in a statement.
3.Signs and posters are everywhere to help remind people to keep a healthy distance.
4. For the duration of his full-time studying program, he has made great progress in his oral English.
5.It might sound odd but the police stopped a man from committing suicide last week by shooting him an electric shock.
6.Can I go back to what you said at the beginning of the meeting
7.The citizens hoped that the government would carry out the reforms it had promised.
8.I hear that the girl is playing roles in some new films. She’s really making her way into a famous star.
9.The first waterfall the tourists passed by threw them into joy wildly.
10.I think I feel sad for him, because he looks like he’s the person who is always being blamed for whatever he did.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1.汤姆和他的弟弟都通过了考试。
Both Tom and his brother have passed the exam .
2.那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
The peasant writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
3.现在所有男人和女人都在工作。
Every man and woman is at work now.
4.在我们的学校，我们的班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.
5.到目前为止，学生和老师都没来。
Not only the students but also the teacher hasn’t come so far .
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2021黑龙江大庆一中期中）
There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-you don’t need that “refreshment（提神） break” as much as you may think.
Scientists believed it was not easy for people to continue their work if they felt the need to have a snack or a rest to make them feel better. They argued that the only way to regain willpower is by supplying more energy to our bodies with rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is in your head. They found that a person’s mindset（理念） and belief about willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that’s limited, you’re more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task,” said Professor Veronika Job. “But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily depleted , you can go on and on.”
The researchers led by Mr. Job designed an experiment to test the students’ belief about willpower. After a tiring task those who believed or were led to believe that willpower was a limited resource performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.
Mr. Job said, “Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their powers of concentration are limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings could help people who are battling with temptation（诱惑）: people following strict diets and doing exercise regularly to lose weight, people trying to overcome addictions, employees facing a tight deadline. Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think.
1.What opinion did scientists have in the past
A.Willpower was a limited resource.
B.It was hard to regain willpower.
C.Hardworking people seldom took breaks.
D.People could easily feel tired when working.
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “depleted” in Paragraph 3
A.Given up.B.Recovered.
C.Used up.D.Changed.
3.What can we learn from the findings of the experiment
A.Students benefit most from the research.
B.Frequent breaks are not good for learning.
C.Willpower can be regained after people have a good rest.
D.The belief in willpower can change a man’s behaviour.
4.Why does the author write the text
A.To explain the power of willpower.
B.To show us how to build willpower.
C.To tell us the ways of gaining willpower.
D.To introduce a new theory on willpower.
答案：1.A
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。以前人们认为意志力是有限的，但心理学家对意志力有了新的结论，认为意志力存在于人脑中，对我们的行为能够产生很大的影响。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“They argued that the only way to regain willpower is by supplying more energy to our bodies with rest, food or entertainment.”可知，他们认为重新获得意志力的唯一方法是休息、食物或娱乐。由此可知，以前科学家认为意志力是有限的资源。故选A项。
答案：2.C
解析：2.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词前的“‘If you think of willpower as something that’s limited, you’re more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task’”可知，如果你认为意志力是有限的东西，在完成困难的任务时，你更可能会疲惫。画线词所在句中的“But”是关键词，如果你认为意志力很难被耗尽，那么你就可以继续下去。deplete意为“use up”, 故选C项。
答案：3.D
解析：3.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“They found that a person’s mindset（理念） and belief about willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise.”可知，研究人员发现对意志力的信念能够决定人们做一项艰难的脑力任务的时间和结果。也就是说，对意志力的信念能够影响人们的行为。故选D项。
答案：4.D
解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】作者在第二段里介绍了以前人们对意志力的看法；第三段第一句“But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is in your head.”告诉我们心理学家有了新的观点，下文主要介绍了关于意志力的新发现。所以本文介绍了关于意志力的一种新的理论。故选D项。
深度解析
词汇积累
tough adj.艰苦的，困难的；坚强的 regain vt.恢复；重新获得；收回determine v. 下决心，做出决定 think of.... as..... 把…... 当......；认为....... 是……power n.力量，能力；电力；权力
长难句分析
After a tiring task those who believed or were led to believe that willpower was a limited resource performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. 在一项累人的任务后，那些相信或被引导相信意志力是有限资源的人在标准注意力测试中的表现要比那些认为意志力是他们可以控制的东西的人差。
分析：第一个those作主语，第一个who引导的定语从句中还包含一个that引导的宾语从句。主句的谓语是performed , than引导比较状语从句，第二个those是与主语比较的对象， who thought of willpower as something they had more control over是修饰those的定语从句 , 从句中包含另y一个定语从句they had more control over, 修饰先行词something。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
A
（2020江西南昌八一中学高二期中）
Peking Opera roles require performers to paint 1 (they) faces in patterns and colours to represent different character types and 2 (quality).
In Peking Opera, facial painting can be quite complex. However, in the 3 (begin), only three colours were used-red, white and black. Now, many other colours, such as yellow, purple, blue and green, 4 (use) for facial painting.
Red is colour for 5 (brave) and loyalty. Guan Yu is a good example of this kind of character. He is famous for being very loyal 6 his emperor, Liu Bei.
White highlights all 7 is bad in human nature. One of the typical white-faced characters is Cao Cao, 8 powerful and cruel prime minister.
Black face paint is usually used for 9 is fierce and violent. One typical example is General Zhang Fei from the classic novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
All these different colours are used in Peking Opera facial painting 10 (provide) a clear picture of each character.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.their
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了京剧角色需要表演者用图案和颜色来暗示不同的人物类型和性格。
考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语修饰名词faces，指代performers。故填their。
答案：2.qualities
解析：2.考查名词的数。quality表示一个人的品质或是商品的特性时，是可数名词，前面有形容词different修饰，此处用名词复数形式。故填qualities。
答案：3.beginning
解析：3.考查固定搭配。固定搭配in the beginning（一开始）。故填beginning。
答案：4.are used
解析：4.考查动词时态和语态。由语境可知，本句陈述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语many other colours和use是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are used。
答案：5.bravery
解析：5.考查名词。此处用名词bravery（勇敢）作介词for的宾语。故填bravery。
答案：6.to
解析：6.考查固定搭配。固定搭配be loyal to…意为“对……忠诚”。故填to。
答案：7.that
解析：7.考查定语从句关系词。此处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词all，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
答案：8.a
解析：8.考查冠词。此处泛指“一个强大而残忍的宰相”；又powerful以辅音音素开头，故填a。
答案：9.what
解析：9.考查宾语从句引导词。介词for后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，意为“……的东西”，应用引导词what。故填what。
答案：10.to provide
解析：10.考查动词不定式。由语境可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式(to do)作目的状语。故填to provide。
B
（2020江苏常州高二期中）
Shijing, also the Book of Songs or Shih-ching, is the 1 (early) collection of Chinese poetry. It consists of 305 poems 2 (date) from the early years of Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle stage of the Spring and Autumn Period. Nowadays, Confucius is generally believed to be the 3 (edit) of the book.
Shijing is rich in content, 4 (reflect) love and labor, war and slavery, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and special events. It is a mirror of social life.
All the poems included in Shijing fall into three sections-poems that come from villages belong to Feng; the poems 5 (write)to persuade or praise the rulers belong to Ya; those used at religious ceremonies belong to Song. Ya and Song are flowery and serious in language, 6 Feng is relatively inspiring and full of passion.
The opening poem of Shijing, Cooing and Wooing(《关雎》), is about love, which 7 (read):
By riverside are cooing
A pair of turtledoves;
A good young man is wooing
A fair maiden he loves.
Through these lines, the poet expresses the man’s longing 8 a girl and his hope that one day he can win over the girl’s heart.
As the beginning of ancient Chinese poetry, Shijing enables people to have a better understanding of Chinese civilization. 9 , it is also frequently quoted in other Chinese texts and has always been 10 (refer) to as moral truth and lessons.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.earliest
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章给我们介绍了《诗经》的一些知识。
考查形容词最高级。根据常识和语境可知，《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌集，所以空处需用形容词最高级earliest。故填earliest。
答案：2.dating
解析：2.考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词consist，且空处前面没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词poems，空处动词date与名词poems之间是逻辑上的主动关系，需用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填dating。
答案：3.editor
解析：3.考查名词。分析句子成分可知，此处需用名词editor，表示编辑，指孔子，名词需用单数形式。故填editor。
答案：4.reflecting
解析：4.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用非谓语动词，空处动词reflect与主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填reflecting。
答案：5.written
解析：5.考查过去分词。根据句子结构可知，空处需用分词作后置定语修饰名词poems，空处动词与名词poems之间是逻辑上的被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。
答案：6.while
解析：6.考查连词。根据语境可知，句子前后有对比之意，所以空处需用连词while表示“然而”。故填while。
答案：7.reads
解析：7.考查动词时态和主谓一致。本句陈述一个事实，需用一般现在时，which指代The opening poem of Shijing，从句谓语动词需用单数reads。故填reads。
答案：8.for
解析：8.考查固定搭配。long for意为“渴望”。此处缺少介词，故填for。
答案：9.Moreover/Besides/Furthermore/Additionally
解析：9.考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示递进关系，所以空处需用副词moreover/besides/furthermore/additionally“此外”，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Moreover/Besides/Furthermore/Additionally。
答案：10.referred
解析：10.考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，空处谓语动词使用了现在完成时的被动语态“has been done”，所以空处需用过去分词referred。故填referred。
9Unit 3 War and peace Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1.The president announced that the country would not tolerate foreign aggression (aggressive).
2.“That sort of thing makes me sick,” he said roughly (rough).
3.No matter when the invaders (invade) come, they will be wiped out clean.
4.Everyone has seen a depiction (depict) similar to this one in movies and on television.
5.Our glorious (glory) troops continue to advance without losing a foot of ground.
6.She worked with great dedication (dedicate) to find a cure for the disease.
7.Do you have any excuses to offer for frequent absence from collective (collect) practice
8.For a time, she dated Barl Miller, who we heard was romantically （romantic） involved with Eleanor.
9.He is engaged in making preparations for the conference on educational （education） work.
10.Landslides commonly occur in mountainous （mountain） regions of Nepal during the annual monsoon（雨季） rains.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
light up， be packed like sardines， lay the foundation for， shirk one’s duty， a sense of
1.You cannot expect to continue avoiding responsibility without someone noticing. shirking your duty
2.Suddenly， the dark theater was brightened by waving sticks， which were like stars in a dark sky. was lit up
3.Instead， there is awareness of longing as he recalls the few times when he and his dad would sit together and watch football matches. a sense of
4.The metro arrived at the station with passengers crowded everywhere . packed like sardines
5.The success of the flight will be the basis of a series of future Chinese space projects. lay the foundation for
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1.你在五月可以看到这种花。（强调句型）
It is in May that you can see this kind of flower.
2.孩子们喜欢去农场玩是不足为怪的。（no wonder）
It is no wonder that the children love to visit the farm.
3.被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。（过去分词短语作状语）
Asked why he was late ，he cried.
4.三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或以下。
A third of the population is living at or below the poverty line.
5.我们不仅应该身体健康，还要保持好的体形。（not only…but also…）
We should not only be healthy ， but also be in good shape .
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2020北京延庆高二期末）
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter， including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）. The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California， including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds， plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags， which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at， they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is， the longer its life is and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However， longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do
A.Help increase grocery sales.
B.Recycle the waste material.
C.Stop things falling off trucks.
D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.
2.What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Bans on plastic bags.
B.Effects of city development.
C.Headaches caused by garbage.
D.Plastic bags hung in trees.
3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers
A.They are quite expensive.
B.Replacing them can be difficult.
C.They are less strong than plastic bags.
D.Producing them requires more energy.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Plastic， Paper or Neither
B.Industry， Pollution and the Environment
C.Recycle or Throw Away
D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control
答案：1.D
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况。使用塑料袋会造成环境问题; 纸袋尽管容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源。环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用、可重复使用的袋子。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags和第二段中plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume可知，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，让他为使用塑料袋进行辩护。故选D。
答案：2.A
解析：2.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，故选A。
答案：3.D
解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中However， longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. 可知，生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故选D。
答案：4.A
解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章介绍了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题；纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源。环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用、可重复使用的袋子。文章对这三种方式进行了对比，“Plastic， Paper or Neither”既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
深度解析
词汇积累
assume v.假定，以为 defend v.为……辩护；保卫；防守reusable adj.可再度使用的，可重复使用的 represent vt.代表；表现；描绘
take aim at 瞄准；注意到；以……为目标；批评
长难句分析His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter， including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.
当你考虑到他是一个研究如何减少垃圾的环境科学家时，他这个奇怪的习惯就说得过去了，包括那些在路上行驶的垃圾车上掉下来的东西。
分析：本句是主从复合句。主句为His strange habit makes sense，时间状语从句由when引导，that引导宾语从句，其中包含who引导的定语从句修饰名词scientist， including介词短语作状语，其中that引导定语从句修饰名词things，定语从句中包含as引导的时间状语从句。
Ⅱ. 七选五
（2020江苏省如东高级中学月考）
How to Fight Laziness
Lazy people will never gain anything in life. However， laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind. 1 Many people lack sleep constantly， since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation（动力） once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest， you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more positive approach， viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 2
Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations（诱惑） that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment， but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 3 Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy， such as a good dinner or a film.
Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels， but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 4 Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others at home may finally follow your example and perform their own tasks. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.
5 Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle， thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.
A.One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
B.Knowing how to fight laziness is important.
C.To fight family laziness， set an example.
D.Create a reward system for yourself， just as parents do for a child.
E.Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.
F.Finally， taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.
G.With strong determination， you will be able to achieve your goal.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案：1.A
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。懒惰的人总是一事无成。然而，懒惰是可以被战胜的。本文主要介绍了怎样战胜懒惰。
【解题思路】根据下文Many people lack sleep constantly， since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. 可知，选项A（对抗懒惰的一个方法是有足够的睡眠）与下文衔接最好，故选A。
答案：2.E
解析：2.【解题思路】根据本段中心句Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. 可知，战胜懒惰要有一个积极的态度。根据空前的Others take a more positive approach， viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 可知，其他人把每一项任务都看作是他们必须独自克服的挑战。因此，选项E（当你觉得不能再掌控自己的生活时，你就会变得懒惰）与上文衔接最好。故选E。
答案：3.D
解析：3.【解题思路】根据下文的Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy，such as a good dinner or a film. 可知，完成一些任务，用你喜欢的东西来犒劳自己，比如一顿丰盛的晚餐或看一场电影。这些是奖励自己的方式，因此，选项D（为自己创造奖励机制，就像父母为孩子做的）最符合语境，故选D。
答案：4.C
解析：4.【解题思路】根据下文的Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others at home may finally follow your example可知，此处是指要树立榜样，因此，选项C（为了消除家庭的懒惰，可以树立一个榜样）与下文衔接最好，故选C。
答案：5.F
解析：5.【解题思路】根据下文的Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle可知，足够的运动和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，因此，选项F（最后，定期锻炼可以帮你战胜懒惰）最能概括本段内容，故选F。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
（2020福建福州高二期末）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One Sunday morning， George Thomas， a baker in a small New England town was walking through town when he saw a young boy coming toward him， swinging（挥舞）a bird cage in the air. On the bottom of the cage， there were three little wild birds shaking with cold and fear. George Thomas stopped the boy and asked him what he got there.
The boy was happy and told him that there were just some old birds in the cage. When the baker asked him what he would do with the old birds. The boy said casually（漫不经心地）that he wanted to take the birds home and play with them. He would pull out their feathers to make them fight. He would have a really good time because he would enjoy watching these.
George Thomas was shocked by what the boy said. How could a boy be so rude to wild animals So he continued to ask the boy what he would do to the birds when he got tired of them， because he was such a naughty and cruel boy that he was sure to be tired of them sooner or later. The boy laughed and said that he got a cat， which liked birds， so he would give the birds to his cat. The baker got more worried and decided to help set free the poor birds. So he asked， “How much do you want for those birds， son ”
The boy looked at him in surprise， wondering if the baker really wanted to buy them. He laughed and reminded the man that they were just plain old field birds. They didn’t sing， and they were not even pretty. However， the baker insisted and continued to ask him how much money he wanted for the birds.
The boy stared at the baker as if he were crazy and said， “＄10 ”
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
The baker reached in his pocket and took out a ten-dollar bill.
The baker picked up the cage.
解析：深度解析
确定故事要素
要素 内容
Who George Thomas and the boy
When one Sunday morning
Where in a small New England town
What to buy some wild birds in the cage from the boy
Why to help set the poor birds free
解析：提取故事线索
故事线索The Clue the bird-worried—saved the birds
开端Beginning George Thomas saw a young boy swinging a bird cage in the air. He found the boy rude to the birds.
发展Development George stopped the boy and asked what he would do with the birds. What the boy said worried him so much.
高潮Climax George wanted to buy the birds.
结局Ending 续写部分
解析：续写情境推理
Para. 1: The baker reached in his pocket and took out a ten-dollar bill.
1. What did the baker do after he took out the bill
He placed it in the boy’s hand.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的动作描写，用动作描写推动故事的发展。根据续写的故事发展的延续性，此处用动作描写。）
2. Did the boy sell the birds to George
The boy grasped the money firmly as if he was afraid that the baker would change his mind. In a flash， the excited boy was gone.
（根据续写第二段首句推断出 the boy 把鸟给了the baker。）
3. How did George feel then
He wondered how such a little boy was so naughty as to keep the poor birds in the cage， which were so lovely.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的心理感受描写，利用情感线索推动故事发展。此处用wonder体现George的担心和不解。 ）
Para. 2: The baker picked up the cage.
1. Were the birds set free
Setting the cage down， he opened the door， and by softly tapping the bars persuaded the birds out， setting them free.
（续写故事要有积极向上的价值观，体现人和动物和谐相处的意识，据此推断鸟儿最终获救了。）2. How did George feel then The baker watched the birds flying in the sky, smiling. He took the empty bird cage home happily. (根据续写部分与所给材料的线索同一性, 最后段落要通过心理描写表现达成心愿的George快乐的心情。)
答案：高分范文
The baker reached in his pocket and took out a ten-dollar bill. He placed it in the boy’s hand. The boy grasped the money firmly as if he was afraid that the baker would change his mind. In a flash, the excited boy was gone. The baker looked at the boy walking away and shook his head. He wondered how such a little boy was so naughty as to keep the poor birds in the cage, which were so lovely.;
The baker picked up the cage. And he gently carried it to the end of the alley where there was a tree and a grassy spot. Setting the cage down, he opened the door, and by softly tapping the bars persuaded the birds out, setting them free. The baker watched the birds flying in the sky, smiling. He took the empty bird cage home happily. Animals were friends of human beings. We should live in harmony with all the creatures.
9Unit 3 War and peace Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
Ⅰ. 语境填词
1.He was shocked by the violent （狂暴的） reactions of some of his hearers.
2.I lay in bed and recalled （回想） the things he had told me.
3.Anastasia could barely （勉强才能） remember the ride to the hospital.
4.Several international celebrities were present at the statesman’s memorial （纪念的） service.
5.Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding （杰出的） painter.
6.A policeman does not wear a uniform （制服） when he is off duty.
7.Then, with a quick movement, he placed the weapon （武器） in my hands.
8.A bomb （炸弹） burst a few meters away from where we stood.
9.No new evidence emerged （出现） during the investigation.
10.If you are anxious to fight, you should not go to meet the invader （侵略者） near a river which he has to cross.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
shirk one’s duty, blow away, at war, break through, light up, serve as, a sum of, track down
1.On September 5, at the end of the festival last year, a huge display of fireworks lit up the sky around the whole area.
2.Strong winds can also blow away the valuable soil that lies on the top of the fields.
3.Our nation is at war against a far-reaching network of violence and hate.
4.In some countries, smartphones and other mobile devices serve as replacements for the traditional desktop computer.
5.They presented a sum of money to the school where they studied years ago.
6.The sun broke through at around lunchtime after several cloudy days.
7.I don’t know where that old story came from. I’ve never been able to track it down .
8.I am looking forward to the future, but I have no reasons to shirk my duty .
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1.医生认为他能挺过去。
The doctors think he’s going to make it .
2.像黄色这样的暖色会让人觉得食物更诱人，而冷色则会让人感觉不那么饿。
Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry .
3.许多培训班的目的是赚钱。
The purpose of many training classes is to make money .
4.难怪它能成为世界上最具身体意识的国家。
It is no wonder that it ranks as the world’s most body-conscious country.
5.观众对演出甚感激动。
The audience was/were very excited by the show.
6.公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
The public has/have a right to know what’s in the report.
7.每天早晨广场上常有一大群人聚集。
A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.
8.星期天街上有一大群人。
There is a huge crowd in the streets on Sunday.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
（2021安徽安庆高一月考）
During the month of September, a dear friend of mine lost her husband suddenly in an accident. This accident was sudden and certainly unexpected. We sometimes take our loved ones for granted, and we expect that they will be with us forever. However, as we all know, life does not work that way and sometimes we get a wake-up call that shocks us and realize how short life is.
In order to comfort her, I tried to imagine if I was in her shoes how I would feel. It was impossible to imagine what she was going through. What words do I say to help her？Sometimes words just cannot express our feelings. Sometimes our actions are much more meaningful than words. A hug can sometimes express more than our words will ever express. Sometimes, just being there to listen is more meaningful and helpful to people.
As I was leaving the funeral parlor（殡仪馆）, I ran into Marilyn. She is one of those friends who is with you in the good times and is always by your side in the bad times. She has a sense of humor that makes everyone feel at ease. We chatted for a few moments, and then she asked me how my job was. I was telling her that I was having a stressful week with my job. She listened to me, then without saying a word, she took her hands and placed them on my face, and said to me, “But at least you have a day.”
Since that day, when I start feeling stressed, I remind myself of Marilyn’s words-but at least I have a day! Things could be a lot worse, but I am alive and I have a lot to be thankful for-so I shall not waste my days with stress and frustrations-life is too short.
1.The author was most likely to comfort her friend by .
A.saying many kind words to her friend
B.imagining how sad her friend was
C.listening to her friend sincerely
D.going through a lot of troubles
2.According to the author, Marilyn was .
A.strong, honest and clever
B.positive, helpful and humorous
C.lucky, active and determined
D.wealthy, noble and friendly
3.By saying “But at least you have a day”, Marilyn means that .
A.a day is long enough for you
B.you will die soon after the day
C.life is really too short for all of us
D.you are still alive and should be grateful
4.Since the conversation, the author .
A.has thought highly of Marilyn
B.has valued her life quite a lot
C.has met with many difficulties
D.has enjoyed stress and troubles
答案：1.C
解析：1.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要叙述的是, 作者的一个好朋友失去了丈夫。在葬礼上，作者遇到了另一个朋友Marilyn，她对待生活的态度以及所说的话影响了作者，让作者明白了人的一生是短暂的，要懂得感恩，珍惜生命。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】由第二段中“Sometimes, just being there to listen is more meaningful and helpful to people.”可知，作者认为倾听对于安抚她的朋友来说更有意义，更有帮助，由此可以推断，作者最有可能通过倾听的方式来安慰她的朋友。故选C项。
答案：2.B
解析：2. 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】由倒数第二段中“She has a sense of humor that makes everyone feel at ease. We chatted for a few. . . said to me, ‘But at least you have a day.’”可知，Marilyn幽默风趣、乐观开朗，在听到作者的工作压力时；主动安慰她。故选B项。
答案：3.D
解析：3. 【命题立意】句意理解题。【解题思路】由倒数第二段中“She listened to me, then without saying a word, she took her hands and placed them on my face, and said to me, ‘But at least you have a day.’”以及最后一段中“ I am alive and I have a lot to be thankful for”可以推测，Marilyn 说的话是指“你还活着，应该心存感激”。故选D项。
答案：4.B
解析：4.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】由最后一段内容可知, 在经过了和Marilyn的交流之后, 作者意识到要珍惜自己的生命, 不要浪费美好时光。故选B项。
深度解析
词汇积累
take. . . for granted 认为……理所当然 unexpected adj. 意外的，想不到的 comfort vt. 安慰 go through 经历；浏览 run into 偶遇；撞上 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
B
（2020黑龙江哈尔滨高三下学期模拟）
Instagram（图片及影片分享社交应用程序）is about to take its biggest step toward removing likes from its platform. After months of testing an option to hide likes in select international markets, Instagram, which is owned by Facebook（FB）, has already been testing hiding likes in seven other countries, including Canada, Ireland and Australia. For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook. It’s a way of measuring popularity and success. But in recent months, Instagram has been rethinking how likes contribute to making its platform more toxic. Now it’s considering a change.
The total number of likes on posts-which appear as hearts on the app-will disappear from Instagram’s main feed, profile pages and permalink（永久链接） pages. The owner of the account can still see their own likes, but their followers won’t know the count.
CNN Business previously spoke with users in countries with the test. The majority felt this move would improve well-being on the app. Instagram is the most detrimental（不利的，有害的）social networking app for young people’s mental health, such as negatively impacting body image, according to one study.
But other users and psychologists said hiding likes won’t fix everything. The test doesn’t address some of the key ways that activity on Instagram can impact the well-being of users, including bullying, feeling left out and thinking other people’s lives are better than their own.
Renee Engeln, a psychology professor at Northwestern University, voiced his opinion that the biggest impact of Instagram is the content and the exposure to this constant stream of perfected images is what seems to hurt psychologically. Plus, users can still see their own likes-and feel badly if their posts don’t perform well.
5.How do users experience Instagram in this passage
A.By giving likes.
B.By hiding likes.
C.By selecting platforms.
D.By showing off talents.
6.The underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.
A.profitableB.poisonous
C.popularD.positive
7.What can we infer from the passage
A.Instagram has affected youngsters’ mental health.
B.The account owners won’t know the count of likes.
C.Instagram tested hiding likes in seven countries first.
D.The majority think Instagram has been a well-being app.
8.What could be the best title for the passage
A.Instagram Misuses Likes
B.More People Are Against Likes
C.Likes Cause Mental Problems
D.Likes Will Be Hidden on Instagram
答案：5.A
解析：5.[语篇解读] 本文为新闻报道。Instagram 即将迈出最大的一步，从它的平台上移除“点赞”。因为“点赞”让平台变得更“有毒”。几个月来 Instagram 一直尝试在一些国际市场隐藏“点赞”功能。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中“For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook.” 可知，多年来，“点赞”一直是名人、品牌、政客和普通用户体验 Instagram 和Facebook 的核心。由此可知，用户体验 Instagram 是通过点赞的形式，故选A。
答案：6.B
解析：6.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词前的内容可知，点赞一直是衡量受欢迎程度和成功的一种方法。接着用连词 but 引出下文 “But in recent months, Instagram has been rethinking how likes contribute to making its platform more toxic.”由此可知，toxic 是不好的一面。故选项B正确。
答案：7.A
解析：7.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段“The majority felt this move would improve well-being on the app. Instagram is the most detrimental（不利的，有害的） social networking app for young people’s mental health, such as negatively impacting body image, according to one study.”可知，大多数人认为此举将提高（使用）应用程序的幸福感。一项研究显示，Instagram 是对年轻人心理健康最有害的社交网络应用，比如对身体形象产生负面影响。由此可推断出 Instagram 影响了青少年的心理健康。
故选A。
答案：8.D
解析：8.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】本文第一段叙述了 Instagram 即将迈出最大的一步, 从它的平台上移除“点赞”。文章分析“点赞”带来的不好的影响，所以要在 Instagram 隐藏“点赞”功能。因此D项是最佳题目。故选D。
深度解析
词汇积累
contribute to 有助于；促成 majority n. 大多数 impact n. 影响；效果 negatively adv. 消极地；否定地 voice vt. 表达；吐露
Ⅱ. 语法填空
（2020甘肃武威第六中学月考）
Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers 1 （become） very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed 2 （they） as a great way 3 （stop） crop disease and increase production. 4 （recent）, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage 5 the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health. With these 6 （discovery）, some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming, 7 is simply farming without using any chemicals. There 8 （be） many different organic farming methods. All of them have 9 same goal: to grow good food and without 10 （damage） the environment or people’s health.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.has become
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现长久地使用化肥会使土地受损害，而且对人类健康有害。因此一些农民开始转向有机耕作。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语 Over the past half century 可知，时态为现在完成时，主语为using chemical fertilizers，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 has become。
答案：2.them
解析：2.考查代词。分析句子成分可知，所填空为宾语，应用 they 的宾格形式。故填 them。
答案：3.to stop
解析：3.考查不定式。此处为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词 way。故填 to stop。
答案：4.Recently
解析：4.考查副词。分析句子成分可知，所填空在句首，应是副词作状语。故填 Recently。
答案：5.to
解析：5.考查固定搭配。cause damage to sth.，意为“对……造成损坏，带来损害”。故填 to。
答案：6.discoveries
解析：6.考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，所填空之前有限定词 these，因此，此处应为复数名词。故填 discoveries。
答案：7.which
解析：7.考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知， 7 is simply farming without using any chemicals 为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为 organic farming，应用关系代词 which引导。故填 which。
答案：8.are
解析：8.考查动词时态和主谓一致。many different organic farming methods 为复数形式，因此 be 动词应用复数形式，句子描述的是目前的情况，应使用一般现在时。故填 are。
答案：9.the
解析：9.考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，所填空后有 same， the same 为固定结构，修饰名词 goal。故填 the。
答案：10.damaging
解析：10.考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，所填动词在介词 without 之后，应用动名词作宾语，即：v.-ing 形式。故填 damaging。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
（2020湖北鄂州高二上学期期末）
假定你是李华，你校近期将举办全市高中生中国古代诗词大会（Chinese Ancient Poetry Competition），你想邀请一直对中国古代诗词非常感兴趣的外教 Mr. Smith 观看本次比赛。请给他写封英文邮件，内容包括：
1. 比赛目的；
2. 比赛时间、地点。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith，
How are you doing
Yours，
Li Hua
解析：写作指导
体裁 应用文
时态 以一般将来时和一般现在时为主
人称 以第一人称为主
要点 1. 写信目的；2. 比赛目的和比赛时间、地点
答案：高分范文
Dear Mr. Smith,
How are you doing I am writing to invite you to watch the Chinese Ancient Poetry Competition for high school students of our city, which will be held in our school concert hall this Friday afternoon from 2 p. m. to 5 p. m.
It is aimed to arouse students’ interest in Chinese culture and popularize Chinese poetry. I’ve heard that you are fond of Chinese culture, especially Chinese ancient poetry, so this competition is the one you can’t miss. The competition will provide an opportunity for you to have a better understanding of our traditional culture and feel the enthusiasm for learning Chinese culture. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
高级短语及句式
1. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人去做某事
2. arouse students’ interest 激发学生的兴趣
3. provide an opportunity 提供机会
4. which 引导非限制性定语从句：I am writing to invite you to watch the Chinese Ancient Poetry Competition for high school students of our city, which will be held in our school concert hall this Friday afternoon from 2 p. m. to 5 p. m.
5. that 引导宾语从句：I’ve heard that you are fond of Chinese culture, especially Chinese ancient poetry, so this competition is the one you can’t miss.
10
