Unit 5 Learning from nature Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1.The signal will be converted to/into digital code.
2.Generally speaking, electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for granted （grant）.
3. Architects （architect） have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behavior.
4.He was presented with a TV set as a reward for his service.
5.In the late nineteenth century the connection （connect） between music and painting was close.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
live in harmony with, get used to, take…for granted, base on, a lack of, be covered in, in terms of, look like
1.According to what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years. Based on
2.It is so cold that you can’t go outside unless fully wrapped in thick clothes. covered in
3.Hard work can often make up for being short of ability. a lack of
4.We must plan our work considering the new situation and its needs. in terms of
5.We must never lose sight of the fact that man must get along with nature. live in harmony with
6.It was dark in the room and we couldn’t see much at first, but after a few minutes our eyes felt comfortable in the darkness. got used to
7.Some of us always think naturally that our parents or grandparents should take care of us. take it for granted
8.By studying old photos of the previous Amber Room, they have made the new one resemble the old one. look like
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1.刚才老师讲话如此快以至于我不能记下所有的东西。（so…that…）
The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn’t take everything down just now.
2.他什么话也没说就走了, 留下我们在外面站着。（现在分词作状语）
He went away without saying anything, leaving us standing outside.
3.我不仅对他谈我的感觉, 而且我还决定在博客上把它写出来。（not only…but also…）
Not only did I speak to him about how I felt, but I also decided to blog about it.
4.我们小组想为新华小学组织一场名为“分享书籍, 传递爱”的图书捐赠活动。（过去分词作后置定语）
Our group would like to organize a book donation activity named “Sharing Books, Passing Love” for Xinhua Primary School.
5.在等通往办公室的公共汽车时, 他看见一个男孩跌倒在路上。（状语从句的省略）
While waiting for a bus to the office, he saw a boy fall down on the road.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2021河南高二期末）
We see art everywhere around us. In public parks, city squares, shopping streets and public buildings, we find modern art objects on display. Classical art, such as valuable paintings, precious statues and other fine arts, usually ends up in the collections of museums, companies or rich people.
Both art and architecture have a history of ages. All forms and ways of expressing the beautiful things have been explored. In the case of architecture, many buildings designed in the past have proven beautiful and served their purposes. Governments and companies could save millions of dollars by building or copying designs of architecture of buildings from the past. There are still many designs for buildings made by famous architects that were never realized. Besides, some people find modern architecture ugly. So why should we pay a lot of money for designing new buildings
The same holds for modern art, both paintings and statues. Many storerooms contain enough art to decorate all public buildings and other public places. There is no need to create more art, and as with modern architecture, many people find new art difficult to understand or appreciate.
Given these facts, why are architects and artists asked to create new artworks The answers have to do with the function of art in society today. First of all, the function of art is to decorate. Artworks make our living environment more beautiful. Another function of art is enriching real life. Art helps people to learn to think creatively. In art things are not always what they seem to be. Very often you can hardly tell what the funny art objects are. People need such creative moments. Finally, art is often seen as a way to instruct the audience. Statues of heroes from the past remind us of our history. Paintings and other art objects can also help us realise what goals we should set for ourselves.
Because ideas about society change and every period of time has its own taste, there is always a need for new art. We can still appreciate the beautiful artworks made in the past, but they are often too valuable to be placed in public buildings. Besides, they also often need special protection.
1.Who own collections of ancient statues and paintings
A.Public parks or city squares.
B.Shopping streets or public buildings.
C.Museums, companies or rich people.
D.Some historical sites.
2.What’s the writing purpose of Paragraph 2
A.To explain why some people find modern art ugly.
B.To introduce the reason for the necessity of new art.
C.To show the benefits of copying designs from the past.
D.To prove both art and architecture have a long history.
3.Why can’t we use old art to decorate public buildings
A.Because they need long-lasting restoring.
B.Because more people prefer modern art.
C.Because of the changes and differences of tastes.
D.Because of their value and need for protection.
4.What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A.The functions of art in society.
B.The functions of architecture.
C.The reason why art is difficult.
D.The reason why art is precious.
答案：1.C
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代艺术和现代艺术, 以及它们在社会中所起的作用。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的Classical art, such as valuable paintings, precious statues and other fine arts, usually ends up in the collections of museums, companies or rich people. （古典艺术, 如珍贵的绘画、珍贵的雕像和其他艺术作品, 通常会被博物馆、公司或富人收藏。）可知, C项正确。
答案：2.B
解析：2.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段的主要内容, 尤其是So why should we pay a lot of money to architects for designing new buildings？（那么, 为什么我们要为设计新的建筑付很多钱呢？）可推测本段的目的是引出新艺术产生的必要性。B. To introduce the reason for the necessity of new art. （介绍新艺术产生的必要性。）符合以上推测, 故选B项。
答案：3.D
解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据最后一段的第二句和第三句可知, 古老的艺术品太珍贵了, 不能被用来装饰公共建筑, 它们还经常需要特殊的保护。故选D项。
答案：4.A
解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第四段的主要内容, 尤其是Given these facts, why are architects and artists asked to create new artworks The answers have to do with the function of art in society today. （考虑到这些事实, 那么为什么建筑师和艺术家被要求创造新的艺术作品呢？答案和当今艺术在社会中的作用有关。）可知, 本段主要介绍了艺术在社会中的作用。A. The functions of art in society. （艺术在社会中的作用。）符合以上说法, 故选A项。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
（2020湖北武汉高二月考）
We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, 1 suddenly everything seems to get out of control. What always 2 is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at 3 the same moment.
Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided （猛撞） and both drivers began to 4 . The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a 5 . She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. This made the driver following her 6 hard. His wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake. As she was thrown 7 , the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. Seeing a cake flying 8 the air, a lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car, 9 all of a sudden. The lorry was 10 with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and onto the road. This led to yet 11 angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. It took the police nearly an hour to 12 the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of 13 bottles. Only two stray dogs 14 from all this confusion, for they greedily ate what was left of the 15 . It was just one of those days!
1.A.thusB.butC.soD.and
2.A.comesB.strikesC.happensD.works
3.A.exactlyB.possiblyC.practicallyD.probably
4.A.fightB.talkC.discussD.argue
5.A.learnerB.passengerC.driverD.instructor
6.A.stopB.brakeC.burstD.quit
7.A.upwardB.backwardC.forwardD.sideward
8.A.throughB.overC.aroundD.across
9.A.pulled downB.pulled upC.pulled inD.pulled out
10.A.occupiedB.burdenedC.loadedD.equipped
11.A.the otherB.otherC.othersD.another
12.A.getB.haveC.keepD.take
13.A.emptyB.fullC.dirtyD.broken
14.A.benefitedB.sufferedC.separatedD.differed
15.A.beerB.vehicleC.cakeD.bottle
答案：1.B
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了在一天晚上的交通高峰期, 两场交通意外引发交通大混乱, 只有两只流浪狗从中受益。
【解题思路】考查连词。根据语境可知“一天的开始也许很顺利”与“突然间一切似乎都失去了控制”是转折关系, 故选B项。
答案：2.C
解析：2.【解题思路】考查动词。空后表达很多事情刚好在同一时间出问题, 这是发生的事情, 故C项正确。
答案：3.A
解析：3.【解题思路】考查副词。根据空后的“the same moment”可知此处指“刚好在同一时间”, 故选A项。
答案：4.D
解析：4.【解题思路】考查动词。根据常识可知, 两车发生剐蹭的时候, 双方会相互指责, 发生争论, 下文中的“argument”也是提示, 故选D项。
答案：5.A
解析：5.【解题思路】考查名词。空后一句说她突然惊慌失措, 把车停了下来, 这说明她是个新手（初学者）, 故选A项。
答案：6.B
解析：6.【解题思路】考查动词。上一句说女新手突然惊慌失措, 把车停了下来, 面对这种情况, 后面的司机自然是要急刹车, 故选B项。
答案：7.C
解析：7.【解题思路】考查副词。根据常识可知, 急刹车的时候, 车上的人身子会前倾, 故选C项。
答案：8.A
解析：8.【解题思路】考查介词。上文说蛋糕从车里飞了出来。flying through the air表示“在空中飞过、从天而降”, 故选A项。
答案：9.B
解析：9.【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。上文说旁边的卡车司机看见一块蛋糕从天而降, 第一反应自然是停车, 故选B项。
答案：10.C
解析：10.【解题思路】考查动词。下文说数百个啤酒瓶从车尾部滑到了路上, 这说明卡车上装满了空啤酒瓶。be loaded with表示“载有”, 故选C项。
答案：11.D
解析：11.【解题思路】考查限定词。上文说两辆车相撞, 两个司机发生了争论, 此处是说卡车上的啤酒瓶滑到路上又引起了另一场争论, 故D项。
答案：12.A
解析：12.【解题思路】考查动词。根据空后的“the traffic on the move again”可知此处指“使交通再次畅通”, 故选A项。
答案：13.D
解析：13.【解题思路】考查形容词。啤酒瓶掉到了马路上自然是碎了, 故选D项。
答案：14.A
解析：14.【解题思路】考查动词。下文说这两只流浪狗贪婪地吃着剩下的蛋糕, 这说明它们从混乱中受益, 故选A项。
答案：15.C
解析：15.【解题思路】考查名词。上文说一个蛋糕掉在了地上, 再结合空前的“they greedily ate”可知, 这两只流浪狗贪婪地吃着剩下的蛋糕, 故选C项。
7Unit 5 Learning from nature Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important to grow （grow） your own food.
2.Because his family couldn’t afford to pay （pay） the school fees, he had to drop out of school at an early age.
3.It’s important for us to pay （pay） attention to our health which is the foundation of our work and learning.
4.The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
5.Most people have to leave home for higher education or employment （employ）.
6.To avoid being punished/punishment （punish）, he lied to his teacher that a dog had eaten his homework.
7.In 1972, after having failed （fail） more than 190 times, Tu finally made an extract called qinghaosu that was effective against malaria.
8. Adding/To add （add） Beijing Opera to the basic education in China is a big step to promote traditional art.
9.Whatever our hobbies are, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing （do） them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
10.Helping others is （be） a good thing, because we can get some enjoyment out of it.
11.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration （inspire） on a budget.
12.There’s no need to bring up his past when we are considering him for employment （employ）.
13.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional （tradition） Chinese elements.
14.If we continue destroying and wasting the natural （nature） resources like this, we will run out of them sooner or later.
15.If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival （survive） are very small.
16.I’d like to congratulate you on your wonderful performance （perform）.
17.I finally got to experience them first-hand, during the flight （fly） to Frankfurt.
18.The baby birds that most closely （close） imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.
19.We can ask our students to create something in response to one of the books they’ve read and bring that creation （create） in to share on the first day of the school.
20.It is thought that the scenery of the West Lake is beautiful （beauty） beyond description.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
be known as, be used as, take inspiration from, vary from, along with, be add to, seek solutions to, employ oneself in, crash into, come about
1.Professor Wang has employed himself in researching the wildlife protection in the recent five years.
2.Languages vary from country to country. They differ not only in written and spoken languages but also in gestures.
3.I have been used to taking inspiration from everything I read and everyone I come into contact with.
4.My concentration was distracted and suddenly I realised I was about to crash into the car in front.
5.The young policeman was known as a hero as he saved a drowning girl in freezing water.
6.He insisted that his name should be added to the list of the medical team sent to the disaster-stricken area.
7.How did the differences between British English and American English come about
8.The umbrella was not invented as a protection against rain. It was used as a shade against the sun at first.
9.Experts suggested having a public hearing to seek solutions to water problems.
10.Mr. Green, along with his wife and children, has come to China.
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1.早睡早起是个好习惯。（动名词作主语）
Going to bed early and getting up/rising early is a good habit.
2.我们在实施这项计划方面有困难。（have difficulty in）
We have difficulty in carrying out the plan.
3.每个人迟早都需要理解并帮助解决问题。（need to do）
Sooner or later everyone needs to understand and help solve problems.
4.知道如何对抗懒惰对每个人来说都是很重要的。（动名词作主语; 疑问词+不定式）
Knowing how to fight laziness is important to everyone.
5.他拒绝接受这份工作, 因为他认为工资令人不满意。（v.-ing作表语）
He refused to accept the job because he thought the salary was not satisfying.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2021辽宁阜新市第二高级中学期末）
Sydney’s Royal Botanic Gardens are to start a war on gray-headed flying foxes. These super bats have invaded one of Australia’s most famous public spaces. Officials have said the animals are destroying trees and have to move on.
These unwanted guests at Sydney’s Royal Botanic Gardens look like tiny foxes with wings. Officials have estimated there are about 11,000 of them living in the harbor-side park. After inspecting damage to dozens of trees, they now believe there are twice as many as previously thought. Branches have been breaking under the weight of these furry invaders and their droppings have been poisoning plants.
Help may well be at hand, however, in the shape of the ordinary garbage bin. The gardens’ director Dr. Tim Entwistle hopes the unpleasant sounds of crashing bin lids will agitate the flying foxes and force them to move on. “The way to disturb them is to use noises, so we used the loud noises made by rubbish bins in the past. You can also use speakers as long as you move the noise around, and what we’ll do is to have a series of noises, at the beginning and end of the day. What we found in the past is that the flying foxes left the gardens and went somewhere else,” said Tim.
The gray-headed flying fox is Australia’s largest bat. It flies around at night using its eyes and a powerful sense of smell to search for fruit and flowers. Officials at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney have said they’re optimistic that the unwelcome colony can be uprooted. If and when the bats do move to other parts of the city they will of course then become someone else’s problem.
1.Why do people want to get rid of the flying foxes
A.Because the gardens are important public places.
B.Because they are polluting the city.
C.Because many garbage bins have been damaged by them.
D.Because they’re threatening the survival of trees and other plants.
2.What are people doing to get rid of the flying foxes
A.Shooting them.
B.Making loud noises.
C.Shaking the trees hard.
D.Cutting some trees down.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “agitate” in Paragraph 3
A.Excite.
B.Kill.
C.Disturb.
D.Discourage.
4.What does the writer imply from the last paragraph
A.The bats will still stay in the gardens.
B.Some other areas will have to deal with the bats.
C.The gray-headed flying fox often eats trees.
D.The damage caused by the bats is serious.
答案：1.D
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是悉尼皇家植物园遭受了超级蝙蝠的入侵。这些超级蝙蝠因像长着翅膀的狐狸又被称为飞狐。飞狐对植物损害严重, 为此要用噪音将它们赶走, 迫使它们飞到其他地区。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】由第二段的After inspecting damage to dozens of trees 及 Branches have been breaking under the weight of these furry invaders and their droppings have been poisoning plants. 可知, 这种飞狐对树木和其他植物损害严重, 所以人们想赶走它们。故选D项。
答案：2.B
解析：2.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】由倒数第二段的 “The way to disturb them is to use noises, so we used the loud noises made by rubbish bins in the past. You can also use speakers as long as you move the noise around, and what we’ll do is to have a series of noises, at the beginning and end of the day.”（“干扰它们的方法就是使用噪音, 所以我们过去就使用垃圾箱发出的噪音。你也可以使用扬声器, 只要你到处移动噪音, 我们要做的就是在一天的开始和结束时有一系列的噪音。”）可知, 人们通过制造噪音赶走飞狐。
故选B项。
答案：3.C
解析：3.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词后的“The way to disturb them is to use noises, so we used the loud noises made by rubbish bins in the past.”可知, 用垃圾箱引起的噪音可以干扰它们, 而画线词所在句的表示垃圾箱的噪音将会让飞狐不安, 迫使它们离开。所以可推知agitate的意思是“打扰”, 故选C项。
答案：4.B
解析：4.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段的If and when the bats do move to other parts of the city they will of course then become someone else’s problem. （如果蝙蝠真的迁移到城市的其他地区, 那么它们当然会成为其他人的问题。）可知, 如果蝙蝠去了其他地区, 那么就会给其他地区造成危害, 所以其他地区也将会处理蝙蝠带来的问题。故选B项。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
A
（2020西藏自治区拉萨中学高二月考）
Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize-which is often referred to 1 the Nobel Prize in architecture-on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen 2 （win） this award. Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art （CAA）. His office 3 （locate） at the Xiangshan campus （校园） of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his 4 （origin） creations.
Wang’s 5 （work） show a deep understanding of modern architecture and 6 good knowledge of traditions. Wang 7 （believe） traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once 8 （exist）,” he said. Wang thinks the study of traditions should 9 （combine） with practice. 10 , the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.as
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文介绍了中国著名建筑师王澍的建筑成就及设计理念。
考查固定短语。句意：王澍, 一位49岁的中国建筑师, 于2月28日获得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖, 该奖项通常被称为建筑领域的诺贝尔奖。句中涉及固定短语be referred to as, 意为“被称为……, 被认为是……”, 此处表示普利兹克建筑奖被称为建筑领域的诺贝尔奖。故填as。
答案：2.to win
解析：2.考查非谓语动词。句意：他是第一个获得此奖项的中国公民。分析句子结构可知, 句中涉及固定结构the first … to do …, 意为“第一个做某事的……”。当名词前有the first/last/next/best/only等修饰时, 通常用动词不定式作后置定语, win意为“赢得”, 不定式符号to后接动词原形, 表示他是第一个获得此奖项的中国公民。故填to win。
答案：3.is located
解析：3.考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他的办公室位于该大学在浙江省杭州市的象山校区。分析语境可知, 句子陈述的是客观事实, 故应用一般现在时。be located in…意为“坐落于……”, 故填is located。
答案：4.original
解析：4.考查形容词。句意：校园里的许多建筑都是他独创的。分析句子成分可知, creations为creation的复数形式, 意为“作品, 创作”, 名词词性, 其前应用形容词修饰; origin意为“起源”, 名词词性, 对应的形容词为original, 意为“独创的”, 在此处表示独创的作品, 符合句意。故填original。
答案：5.works
解析：5.考查名词。句意：王的作品显示了他对现代建筑的深刻理解和对传统的精通。分析句子成分可知, work意为“作品”时, 为可数名词; 根据上文内容可知, 王澍的作品不止一个, 故应用work的复数形式works, 在句中作主语。故填works。
答案：6.a
解析：6.考查固定短语。句意：王的作品显示了他对现代建筑的深刻理解和对传统的精通。句中涉及固定短语a good knowledge of…, 意为“熟知……, 精通……”。句中指王澍精通传统文化。故填a。
答案：7.believes
解析：7.考查动词的时态。句意：王认为传统不应该封在博物馆的玻璃盒子里。分析语境可知, 句子表达的是人物的观点态度, 为客观事实, 故应用一般现在时; believe意为“相信, 认为”, 动词词性, 句子主语Wang为单个人名, 故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填believes。
答案：8.existed
解析：8.考查动词的时态。句意：他说：“这只是传统曾经存在的证据。”此处once意为“曾经”; 根据句意及once可知, 此处描述过去的事实, 即“存在”的动作发生在过去, 故此处应用一般过去时, 又exist的过去式为existed。故填existed。
答案：9.be combined
解析：9.考查被动语态。句意：王认为研究传统应该与实践相结合。分析句子成分可知, traditions（传统）与combine（结合）之间为被动关系, 即传统被与实践结合, 故应用被动语态。句中有情态动词should, 情态动词的被动语态形式为“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”, 又combine的过去分词为combined。故填be combined。
答案：10.Otherwise
解析：10.考查副词。句意：否则, 对传统的再创造将是人为的和空洞的。空格处位于句首, 且用逗号和后面句子分开。otherwise意为“否则, 要不然”, 副词词性, 放在句首, 相当于on the contrary。文中表示传统应该与实践相结合, 否则对传统的再创造将是人为的和空洞的, otherwise符合句子逻辑关系, 句首单词首字母大写。故填Otherwise。
B
（2020江苏南京大学附属中学高二期中）
The world’s longest cross-sea bridge-Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge （HZMB） opened on October 24, 2018. The Guardian described it as one of the seven 1 （wonder） of the modern world. The HZMB, 2 links Hong Kong and Macao to Zhuhai, began in 2009 and cost about 120 billion yuan. It’s designed 3 （have） a service life of 120 years, 20 years longer than most bridges. And it’s not only a bridge, but also part tunnel （隧道） and part island.
In one section, the bridge turns into a 6.7 km undersea tunnel that 4 （pass） through two man-made islands. The tunnel is the world’s longest undersea tunnel for road traffic, 5 （allow） large ships to continue passing through the sea area above the tunnel. The bridge’s engineers had to take many environmental factors 6 consideration in order to protect the surrounding environment while 7 （build） the bridge. The HZMB will make 8 much more convenient to shorten the travel time from Hong Kong to Zhuhai from four hours to about 45 minutes.
By drawing local cities and regions closer together, the bridge will help the area’s development 9 （great）. It is expected to drive the economic 10 （develop） of Hong Kong, Macao and nine Guangdong cities.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.wonders
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了连接香港、珠海和澳门的港珠澳大桥的概况, 以及建成后预计对周边地区的影响。
考查名词的数。句意：《卫报》将其称为现代世界七大奇迹之一。wonder“奇迹”为可数名词, 被seven修饰, 应用复数形式。故填wonders。
答案：2.which
解析：2.考查定语从句。句意：连接香港、澳门和珠海的港珠澳大桥于2009年开工, 耗资约1,200亿元。此处引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词The HZMB, 关系词在定语从句中作主语, 指物, 应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
答案：3.to have
解析：3.考查非谓语动词。句意：它的设计寿命为120年, 比大多数桥梁长20年。固定短语be designed to do表示“为……而设计”, 不定式表示目的。故填to have。
答案：4.passes
解析：4.考查动词的时态。句意：在其中一部分, 大桥变成了6.7千米长的海底隧道, 穿过两个人工岛。that引导的定语从句修饰先行词tunnel, pass在从句中充当谓语, 描述客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 且先行词tunnel为单数, 应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填passes。
答案：5.allowing
解析：5.考查非谓语动词。句意：该隧道是世界上最长的海底道路交通隧道, 允许大型船舶继续通过隧道上方的海域。allow与The tunnel之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作状语。故填allowing。
答案：6.into
解析：6.考查介词。句意：桥梁的工程师们在建造桥梁的同时, 为了保护周围的环境, 不得不考虑许多环境因素。固定短语take…into consideration表示“将……考虑其中”。故填into。
答案：7.building
解析：7.考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略, 省略了主语和be动词, 且build与engineers构成主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。故填building。
答案：8.it
解析：8.考查it作形式宾语。句意：港珠澳大桥将会使香港至珠海的车程十分方便, 由4小时缩短至约45分钟。固定结构“make it+adj.+to do sth.”中动词不定式to do sth. 是make的真正宾语, it是形式宾语。故填it。
答案：9.greatly
解析：9.考查副词。句意：通过拉近当地城市和地区之间的距离, 这座桥将极大地促进该地区的发展。修饰动词help, 应用副词。故填greatly。
答案：10.development
解析：10.考查名词。句意：预计它将推动香港、澳门和广东九个城市的经济发展。根据空前the及空后of可知, 应使用名词形式。故填development。
9Unit 5 Learning from nature Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1.Both powers withdrew their forces from the region.
2.White represents purity (pure) in that culture, which is why a bride carries or wears something white on her wedding day.
3.The response of the audience varied from rejection (reject) to acceptance.
4.He had to resign himself to watching (watch) the European Championships on television.
5.The function of a smile is to show happiness and put people at ease.
6.If you understand how to evaluate (evaluate) yourself, how to research schools, and how to see the differences between one college and another, your chances will be very good.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
at ease, in contrast with/to, withdraw from, resign oneself to, aim at, be opposed to, influential, resign, focus on, reaction to
1.She is one of the most significant figures in local politics. influential
2.Jim gave up the editorship of the school paper. resigned
3.We object to counting on a lucky chance. are opposed to
4.Today we’re going to center on the question of homeless people. focus on
5.We target success in the examination. aim at
6.Their response to the joke is to laugh. reaction to
7.We must adapt ourselves to circumstances. resign ourselves to
8.Compared with/to your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed. In contrast with/to
9.He didn’t feel completely comfortable and relaxed in the strange surroundings. at ease
10.Tell the men to move back from their new position. withdraw from
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1.虽然汤姆有许多优点, 但他也有缺点。(while引导让步状语从句)
While Tom has many strengths, he has his shortcomings.
2.他们正力求使失业人数下降50%。（aim to do）
They are aiming to reduce unemployment by 50%.
3.太晚了, 我们赶不上那趟早班公交车了。（too…to…结构）
It is too late for us to catch the early bus.
4.正如他在报告中指出的那样, 这种病毒的传播速度之快出人意料。（as引导非限制性定语从句）
As he pointed out in his report, the virus spreads unexpectedly fast.
5.他有两个女儿。一个是老师, 另一个是医生。（one…the other…）
He has two daughters. One is a teacher, and the other is a doctor.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2020河南新乡高二期中）
Does just thinking about stepping inside a gym make you feel exhausted If so, here’s some good news. One of the world’s largest studies on physical activity has found that doing household chores（家务事）can be just as effective as running or working out when it comes to cutting your risk of heart disease and extending your life.
A team of researchers discovered that people enjoyed the same health benefits whether they were going to the gym, walking to work or doing household chores. Indeed, performing 30 minutes of any kind of physical activity five days a week could reduce the risk of dying from any causes by 28% and the rate of heart disease by 20%.
And, again, the positive effects were the same whether someone was working out, walking or doing chores such as mopping the floor or gardening.
“Walking for at least 30 minutes most days of the week has a massive benefit, and high levels of physical activity is associated with even lower risk of illness,” lead researcher Scott Lear said about the findings. “By including low and middle-income countries in this study, we were able to determine the benefit of activities such as having an active job or even doing household chores,” Lear said. He noted that 1 in 4 people worldwide do not get 30 minutes of exercise a day, five times a week.
Interestingly enough, the Canadian study found no ceiling on the benefits of exercise and “no risks associated with extremely high levels of physical activity”, defined as more than 2,500 minutes, or more than 41 hours per week. Lear said that those who spent more than 750 minutes walking quickly each week lowered their risk of premature death by 36%.
1.What can we infer about the study from Paragraph 1
A.Women should do more housework than men.
B.Doing housework may help to live long and healthy.
C.People with heart disease had better do less housework.
D.Doing housework makes people feel less tired than going to gym.
2.What does Scott Lear say about his findings on health
A.Sitting long will take the health away.
B.The exercises will make life meaningful.
C.It’s a good idea to walk less than 30 minutes a day.
D.High levels of physical activity can reduce disease risk.
3.What is the study in the text mainly supported by
A.Statistics.B.Voices.
C.Examples.D.Experiments.
4.Which is the best title for the text
A.Exercise Moves for Better Strength and Balance
B.Risks from High Levels of Physical Activity
C.Household Chores May Be a Secret to Living Longer
D.The Two Factors Determine the Benefit of Activities
答案：1.B
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现, 做家务和体育锻炼一样, 能够降低患心脏病的风险和延长寿命。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的“One of the world’s largest studies… heart disease and extending your life.”可推知, 做家务和锻炼一样有助于长寿和健康。故选B项。
答案：2.D
解析：2.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的“‘Walking for at least 30 minutes…about the findings.’”可知, Scott Lear认为高水平的体育活动可以降低患病风险。故选D项。
答案：3.A
解析：3.【命题立意】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“Indeed, performing 30 minutes of… from any causes by 28% and the rate of heart disease by 20%.”和第四段中的“He noted that 1 in 4 people worldwide do not get 30 minutes of exercise a day, five times a week.”以及最后一段“Interestingly enough, the …each week lowered their risk of premature death by 36%.”可推断, 文章中研究的主要依据是数据。故选A项。
答案：4.C
解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的“One of the world’s largest studies on physical …when it comes to cutting your risk of heart disease and extending your life.”及全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了一项研究发现, 做家务和体育锻炼一样, 能够降低患心脏病的风险和延长寿命。所以“Household Chores May Be a Secret to Living Longer（做家务可能是长寿的秘诀）”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C项。
深度解析
词汇积累
exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的, 疲惫不堪的; 耗尽的 work out 锻炼 extend v. 延伸; 扩大; 扩展 be associated with和……联系在一起; 与……有关 determine v. 决心, 决定
长难句分析
And, again, the positive effects were the same whether someone was working out, walking or doing chores such as mopping the floor or gardening. 再说, 无论某人是在锻炼、散步还是做家务, 如拖地或园艺, 积极影响都是相同的。
分析：本句是主从复合句。whether…or…引导包含选择范围的状语从句。
Ⅱ. 七选五
（2020河南高二月考）
The days start to warm up and daylight lasts longer. 1 You should, by now, be seeing spring arriving in your garden, with new growth on your trees and bushes.
With the sun shining stronger, its warmth can be felt and the plants respond accordingly. 2 So you need to make sure that you remove them before they take hold. Treat where you can and dig up where you can’t, remember that any treatments you do use keep your pets out of the garden for the correct amount of time. We wouldn’t want them to get poorly!
If you have trees to plant then make sure you give them enough compost （堆肥） or manure （粪肥）, to ensure the take to their new homes. 3 If not, you can always head to your local garden centre to top up your supplies! And why not pick up more flowers while you’re there for your hanging pots or window sills
4 There are a variety of summer-flowering bulbs that can also be grown in pots, hanging baskets and other containers, to brighten up a rock garden. In fact, if you plant your bulbs in a container that’s a few sizes smaller than looks comfortable, it’ll help them to burst into bloom. 5
So, what will you be planting out in the garden I have a few bulbs to get ready to go into the ground, what’s your favorite flower to plant at this time of a year
A.It’s a good idea to try different plants.
B.If you only have small space, don’t worry.
C.If you are not well prepared, it doesn’t matter.
D.Sadly, the weeds are also beginning to come up.
E.You know that means early flowers for indoors!
F.If you are able to use your own home-made-fertilizer then do so.
G.Therefore, it’s time to get out in the garden and plant some plants.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案：1.G
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。春天到了, 有没有在你家花园中种植花草的计划呢？具体又该如何实施呢？
【解题思路】根据上文“The days start to warm up and daylight lasts longer.”和下文“You should, by now, be seeing spring arriving in your garden, with new growth on your trees and bushes.”可知, 上文提及天气暖和了起来, 下文提及了树木发芽, 因此, 此处应是种植植物。故选G。
答案：2.D
解析：2.【解题思路】根据下文“So you need to make sure that you remove them before they take hold.”可知, 杂草已经长出来了。下文中的“them”显然指代选择项中的“weeds”, 且前后句之间为因果关系。故选D。
答案：3.F
解析：3.【解题思路】根据上文“If you have trees to plant then make sure you give them enough compost （堆肥） or manure （粪肥）, to ensure the take to their new homes.”中的堆肥和粪肥可知, 也可以使用自己自制的肥料。而且下文的“If not”也给出了暗示。选项F中的“home-made-fertilizer”与上文中的“compost”以及“manure”相一致。故选F。
答案：4.B
解析：4.【解题思路】下文提及的都是各种种植花草的地方, 因此本段理应是说明空间问题。所以选项B“如果你只有很小的空间, 不要担心。”符合上下文语境。故选B。
答案：5.E
解析：5.【解题思路】根据上文“In fact, if you plant your bulbs in a container that’s a few sizes smaller than looks comfortable, it’ll help them to burst into bloom.”可知, 上文提及花儿盛开, 自然这里谈到花儿。所以选项E“你知道, 那意味着在室内的花儿要早开!”符合上下文语境。故选E。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Holidays are not necessarily for fun or rest. Doing something meaningful can also gain special pleasure. When the final bell rang, the students were reminded that there was no school on Monday-Labor Day. “Enjoy your extra day off,”said the teacher to her class.
An extra day of fun suited Kayla just fine. She loved breaks. She wanted to go out to play with her friends. When the school bus dropped Kayla off, she ran into the house happily.
“How was school, Kayla ” asked her mom.
“It was great, Mom. I am excited about no school on Monday.”
“You just started back to school two weeks ago. Already in need of a break, huh ” asked Kayla’s mom with a laugh.
Kayla slept in the next morning. Saturday was her favorite day of the week. It rained most of the day, so Kayla enjoyed playing video games inside. On Sunday, her friends came over and they played basketball for several hours.
Then it was Labor Day, you know, the extra day off that Kayla was so looking forward to. But Kayla was awakened early that morning by her dad. He told Kayla that in honor of Labor Day, the family would be cleaning both inside and outside the house. Kayla couldn’t believe it. This was a holiday. A day when she was supposed to be enjoying freshly squeezed lemonade while playing in her tree house. As Kayla wiped her eyes, she began to wonder if this was just a bad dream.
“Kayla, your breakfast is ready. We have a lot of work to do today. Let’s get a move on, ”said Kayla’s mom. As she sat down at the kitchen table, Kayla asked her parents,
“Are you serious about working today Isn’t Labor Day a holiday ”
“Yes, Kayla. It is, ”replied her dad. “But your mom and I thought working hard today would make you appreciate why Labor Day was observed in the first place. ”
注意： 续写词数应为150左右。
At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.
But things began to change as she was doing the chores.
解析：深度解析
确定故事要素
要素 内容
Who Kayla, her mom and dad
When Labor Day
Where Kayla’s home
What All the family were cleaning both inside and outside the house.
Why They did not have a good rest during the holiday. Her parents wanted to make her appreciate how Labor Day was observed in the first place.
解析：提取故事线索
故事线索The Clue Labor Day-delight and relax-puzzled and curious
开端Beginning Kayla had a holiday due to Labor Day.
发展Development Kayla did nothing but sleep and rest. All the family were busy on Labor Day.
高潮Climax Her parents wanted to make her appreciate how Labor Day meant.
结局Ending 续写部分
解析：续写情境推理
Para. 1: At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.
1. How did Kayla feel
How eagerly she wanted to go out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的心理描写, 利用情感线索推动故事发展。Kayla很抵触。根据续写的语言风格的同一性, 此处用心理描写。）
2. What should Kayla do
Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes. After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath. She has begun the work with great unwillingness.
（给出的语言材料中有大量的动作描写, 利用动作描写给读者画面感, 推动故事发展。此处使用动作描写体现Kayla的勉强。）
3. Was the task easy for Kayla
It was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work.
（续写第一段和第二段首句要合理衔接, 根据第二段首句推断出 Kayla硬着头皮在做。
根据故事情节可推理出她在做家务活的过程中有了改变。）Para. 2: But things began to change as she was doing the chores.
1. What did Kayla think of bathing the puppy Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles. （续写故事要有积极向上的价值观, 体现积极的人生观, 所以和动物相处时要体会到快乐和乐趣。）
2. How did Kayla finish picking up sticks The work was done with great pleasure. （续写要求主题同一, 指续写时要紧扣所给材料的中心, 不得脱离原主题另起炉灶。所以依据所给材料, 孩子做家务的趣味性要有所体现。）
3. How did she feel then Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked. （所给材料中运用丰富的感情描写, 并利用事件线索和感情线索推动故事情节发展。根据续写部分与所给材料的线索同一性, 最后段落要通过心理描写来讲述Kayla理解了劳动的意义。）
答案：高分范文
At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday. How eagerly she wanted to go out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice. First, Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes. After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath. She knew it was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work. She has begun the work with great unwillingness.;
But things began to change as she was doing the chores. Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles. Then it was on to yard work where Kayla helped to pick up sticks. She pretended the small sticks were basketballs, and shot them into a large trash can. So the work was done with great pleasure. Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked. When she finished her meaningful chores, Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree house. The lemonade tasted wonderful after a hard day of work.
9Unit 5 Learning from nature Section Ⅳ Expanding your world
Ⅰ. 语境填词
1.Some famous foreign architects （建筑师） are invited to lead the design of landmark buildings in China.
2.Ben was finally persuaded of the wisdom （智慧）of the decision.
3.For the past three years he has been employed （雇用） as a firefighter.
4.His words had sowed （播种） the seeds of suspicion in their minds.
5.Having collected and evaluated （评估）the information, I help other scientists to predict it.
6.Can work really bring such contentment and fulfillment （满足感） to your life
7.More women are attaining （获得） positions of power in public life in China.
8.I make it clear to him that I reject （拒绝） his proposal.
9.A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately （故意地） not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.
10.It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages （乡村小屋）.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
in harmony with, seek solutions to, take…for granted, be covered in, take inspiration from, in other words, at ease, respond to, add to, along with
1.I always find ways to deal with problems and work together with her cooperatively. seek solutions to
2.I’m ready to get a good idea from them, just as I hope they will be ready to accept what I offer them. take inspiration from
3.Don’t think to yourself that they will support you. take it for granted
4.And you must accustom yourself to feeling more relaxed with people when you are with them. at ease
5.What will be included this year’s reform of the EU’s telecom rules be covered in
6.By reacting to changes quickly in the markets, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. responding to
7.Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live harmoniously with nature. in harmony with
8.Together with the increase of tax rates came an increase in benefits. Along with
9.Whatever rooms you might attach to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding. add to
10.That is to say, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging. In other words
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1.他是如此聪明, 以至于他能回答这个问题。（so…that…）
He is so smart that he can answer this question.
2.没有什么地方比在旅馆房间里学习更好的了。（否定词+比较级）
Nowhere is more better than studying in the hotel room.
3.他们现在走进一条狭窄的小街, 刚才他们就是从这里走出来的。（“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句）
They now entered into the narrow side street from which they had emerged.
4.没有比在宾馆房间里更能突出这一点的地方了。（否定词+比较级）
Nowhere is this more marked than in the hotel room.
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
（2021河南新乡高二期中）
Hundreds of years ago there was a king of Scotland whose name was Robert Bruce. The king of England was at war with him, and had led a great army into Scotland. Bruce led his people in the defense of their country.
Battle after battle he had fought with England. Six times Bruce had led his brave little army against his enemies. Six times his men had been beaten. At last the army of Scotland was entirely defeated, and the king was forced to hide in the woods and in lonely places among the mountains.
One rainy day, Bruce lay in a cave, tired and felt sick at heart, ready to give up all hope. It seemed that there was no use for him to try to do anything more.
As he lay thinking, he noticed a spider over his head, getting ready to weave her web. He watched her as she worked slowly and with great care. Six times she tried to throw her in thread from one edge of the cave wall to another. Six times her thread fell short.
“Poor thing!” said Bruce. “You, too, know what it’s like to fail six times in a row.”
But the spider did not lose hope. With still more care, she was ready to try for a seventh time. Robert almost forgot his own trouble as he watched, fascinated. She swung herself out on the slender thread. Would she fail again No! The thread was carried safely to the cave all, and fastened there.
“Yes!” cried Bruce, “I, too, will try a seventh time!”
So he got up and called his men together. He told them his plans, and sent them out with hopeful messages to cheer the discouraged people. Soon there was an army of brave men around him. A seventh battle was fought, and this time the King of England was forced to retreat back to his own country.
1.How did King Bruce feel after his army was beaten six times
A.Easy.B.Cheerful.
C.Angry.D.Hopeless.
2.What does the underlined word “slender” in Paragraph 6 mean
A.Thick.B.Thin.C.Short.D.Smooth.
3.What encouraged King Bruce to fight again
A.His powerful army.
B.People’s service and support.
C.Aid from neighboring countries.
D.The spider’s efforts to weave the web.
4.What can we learn from the text
A.Never give up.
B.Things of one kind come together.
C.As one door closes, another door opens.
D.All things in their being are good for something.
答案：1.D
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了苏格兰的布鲁斯国王六战六败, 受到蜘蛛织网不放弃的启发, 第七次终于成功打败了英格兰国王的入侵, 保卫了自己国家的故事。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段“One rainy day, Bruce lay in a cave, tired and felt sick at heart, ready to give up all hope. It seemed that there was no use for him to try to do anything more.”可知, 布鲁斯国王的军队被打败六次后, 他感到绝望。故选D项。
答案：2.B
解析：2.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】 根据第六段中“She swung herself out on the slender thread. Would she fail again No! The thread was carried safely to the cave all, and fastened there.”可知, 蜘蛛不畏惧失败, 用纤细的丝织网, 最终成功。所以画线词slender意为“细长的, 纤细的”。 故选B项。
答案：3.D
解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第六段中“Would she fail again No! The thread was carried safely to the cave all, and fastened there.”以及第七段中“‘Yes!’ cried Bruce, ‘I, too, will try a seventh time!’”可知, 蜘蛛织网的努力促使布鲁斯国王再次参战。故选D项。
答案：4.A
解析：4.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段中“Six times Bruce had led his brave little army against his enemies. Six times his men had been beaten.”, 第七段“‘Yes!’ cried Bruce, ‘I, too, will try a seventh time!’”, 以及最后一段中“A seventh battle was fought, and this time the King of England was forced to retreat back to his own country.”可知, 文章通过讲述布鲁斯国王六战六败, 受到蜘蛛织网不放弃的启发, 第七次终于成功保卫了自己国家的故事, 告诉了我们“永不放弃”的道理。故选A项。
深度解析
词汇积累
defense n. 防御, 防护 weave vt. 编, 织 with great care非常小心 in a row连续; 成一排 fasten ot. 使固定; 扎牢 fascinated adj. 入迷的; 极感兴趣的
B
（2020河南新乡高二期中）
More than half of the population of the world’s wild tiger is threatened by roads built dangerously close to their habitats, and giant projects planned across Asia could put tigers at even greater risk.
Tigers’ habitats have reduced by 40% since 2006, leaving fewer than 4,000 of the animals in the wild. Those living near roads are particularly attacked because they are at risk of being hit by vehicles, have more difficulties finding food, and are easier to be killed. Using a global dataset, Neil Carter at the University of Michigan and his colleagues calculated that the tiger’s current range, which mostly distributed in south and southeast Asia, contains 134,000 kilometres of roads. They estimated that 57% of tigers live within 5 kilometres of these roads, which is considered dangerously close.
This close to roads could be decreasing the world’s tiger population by more than 20%, the researchers’ modelling suggests. Nearly 24,000 kilometres of new roads are planned for construction within the tiger’s range by 2050, which will make it even harder for the animals to avoid these risks.
“New roads could be made more tiger-friendly by building them away from key tiger populations, banning overnight traffic, installing road signs to warn drivers of the presence of tigers, and building tiger-friendly crossings so that wild animals can safely cross forests on both sides of the road,” says Carter. These have been built on roads and highways in Malaysia.
In 2010, all 13 countries with wild tiger populations committed to a plan to double the tiger population by 2022. By 2016, research suggested that the population of the global wild tiger stopped declining and had increased. “Building tiger-friendly roads will be crucial to reaching this goal,” says Carter.
5.What does Paragraph 2 mainly show
A.Tigers are endangered species.
B.Tigers are too lazy to go around.
C.Tigers’ habitats have been threatened.
D.The population of the world’s wild tiger has decreased a lot.
6.What’s Carter’s suggestion about increasing the population of the tigers
A.Building fewer new roads.
B.Building protection areas for tigers.
C.Building special roads for tigers to go through.
D.Improving the living conditions of tigers.
7.What attitude does Carter have towards the future of tigers
A.Worried.B.Optimistic.
C.Conservative.D.Critical.
8.What is the main idea of the text
A.How to protect tigers.
B.How to build tiger-friendly roads.
C.The population of the wild tiger will increase.
D.Road-building threatens the tigers’ habitats.
答案：5.C
解析：5.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了道路修建威胁到了老虎的栖息地这一现象。研究人员建议修建专门的道路供老虎通过, 减少危险。
【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第二段中“Tigers’ habitats have reduced by 40% since 2006, leaving fewer than 4,000 of the animals in the wild. Those living near roads are particularly attacked because they are at risk of being hit by vehicles, have more difficulties finding food, and are easier to be killed.”可知, 本段主要说明了老虎的栖息地已经受到了威胁。
故选C项。
答案：6.C
解析：6.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中“‘…and building tiger-friendly crossings so that wild animals can safely cross forests on both sides of the road’”可知, Carter建议修建专门的道路供老虎通过。故选C项。
答案：7.B
解析：7.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中“By 2016, research suggested that the population of the global wild tiger stopped declining and had increased. ‘Building tiger-friendly roads will be crucial to reaching this goal,’ says Carter.”可知, Carter对老虎的未来持乐观的态度。故选B项。
答案：8.D
解析：8.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】通读全文, 特别是根据第一段“More than half of the population of the world’s wild tiger are threatened by roads built dangerously close to their habitats, and giant projects planned across Asia could put tigers at even greater risk.”可知, 本文主要介绍了道路修建威胁到了老虎的栖息地。故选D项。
深度解析
词汇积累
threaten vt. 威胁; 恐吓 close to靠近 at risk of 冒着……的风险 distribute vt. 分配; 散布 decrease v. 减少, 减小, 降低 ban v. 禁止, 取缔
长难句分析
Tigers’habitats have reduced by 40% since 2006，leaving fewer than 4 ,000 of the animals in the wild. 自2006年以来, 老虎的栖息地已经减少了40% , 只剩下不到4, 000只野生动物。
分析: leaving现在分词短语作结果状语。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
（2020河南高二月考）
Giant pandas are seen as living proof 1 conservation works, the numbers of which in the wild are recovering after years of decline.
The distinctive black and white bear 2 （regard）as an “umbrella species”. That means protecting the mountain forests 3 they live has been good for many other animals, including birds and small animals that mainly feed on meat.
Yet, according to a new study published in the journal Nature Ecology Evolution, it’s a 4 （complete）different story for larger predators（食肉动物） such as leopards and wolves. Asian wild dogs have disappeared from 95% of areas set up 5 （protect） pandas in the 1960s. Leopards, wolves and snow leopards have also been found much 6 （few） than before. Scientists in China say these four predators are being driven 7 near extinction by illegal hunting and destruction of 8 （they） habitats.
Conservation efforts have often been based on protecting specific species such as the panda. But experts argue for a new approach that 9 （aim） to protect whole ecosystems, rather than focusing on a single species. Thus, the 10 （disappear）of larger predators will hopefully slow down.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.that
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。在大熊猫这一珍贵物种的保护颇有成效时, 大型食肉动物也在濒临灭绝。对于这一现象, 专家们主张采用一种新的方法来保护整个生态系统, 而不是只关注单一的物种。
考查同位语从句连接词。空处引导同位语从句解释说明proof, 从句句意完整, 成分齐全, 应该用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
答案：2.is regarded
解析：2.考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子成分可知, 空处为本句的谓语。regard与bear之间为逻辑上的被动关系, 故用被动语态。主语bear是单数形式, 根据语境可知, 应用一般现在时。故填is regarded。
答案：3.where
解析：3.考查定语从句。本句中, 先行词是forests, 作定语从句的地点状语, 用where引导。故填where。
答案：4.completely
解析：4.考查副词。空处修饰形容词different, 用副词形式。故填completely。
答案：5.to protect
解析：5.考查动词不定式。此处用动词不定式to protect作areas的过去分词后置定语set up的目的状语。故填to protect。
答案：6.fewer
解析：6.考查形容词比较级。根据than可知, 此处应该用比较级, 且much修饰比较级。故填fewer。
答案：7.to
解析：7.考查介词。be driven to为固定搭配, 意为“被迫……”。to为介词, 与其后名词构成介宾结构。故填to。
答案：8.their
解析：8.考查形容词性物主代词。空处放在名词habitat前, 用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
答案：9.aims/is aimed
解析：9.考查主谓一致和固定短语。此句中包含定语从句, 先行词为approach, 作定语从句的主语。主语为单数形式, 根据主谓一致原则, 谓语动词用第三人称单数aims。aim to do sth. 意为“旨在做某事”。也可以写成be aimed to to。故填aims/is aimed。
答案：10.disappearance
解析：10.考查名词。分析句子成分可知, 空处为句子的主语, 应该用disappear对应的名词disappearance, 为不可数名词。故填disappearance。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
（2020江西赣州月考）
假设你是李华, 校学生会主席, 想邀请外教Henry先生一起参加学校举办的中秋节晚会。请用英语给他写封邮件, 内容包括：
1. 介绍写邮件的目的;
2. 晚会的时间和地点：9月30日晚6点、学校报告厅;
3. 晚会内容：同学们表演节目、吃月饼和赏月。
注意：1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Henry,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：写作指导
体裁 应用文——邀请信
时态 一般现在时和一般将来时
人称 第一人称
要点 1. 介绍写邮件的目的; 2. 晚会的时间和地点:9月30日晚6点、学校报告厅; 3. 晚会内容: 同学们表演节目、吃月饼和赏月。
答案：高分范文
Dear Mr. Henry,
I’m Li Hua, Chairman of Students’ Union. With the Mid-Autumn Festival around the corner, we will hold a party to celebrate the traditional Chinese festival. It’s a great honour for me, on behalf of my fellow union members, to invite you to attend our party.
The party will be held at the lecture hall of our school at 6 p. m. on Sept. 30th. At the party there will be a lot of performances and we will enjoy a variety of delicious foods, including mooncakes, watermelons, grapes and so on, while admiring the fullest and roundest moon.
We can’t wait to see you!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
高级短语及句式
1. It’s a great honour for… 对……来说是很大的荣誉;2. on behalf of 代表;3. get together 聚会;4. traditional Chinese festival 中国传统节日
5. With the Mid-Autumn Festival around the corner, we will hold a party to celebrate the traditional Chinese festival. 随着中秋节的临近, 我们将举办一个晚会来庆祝中国的传统节日。
6. It’s a great honour for me, on behalf of my fellow union members, to invite you to attend our party. 我很荣幸代表学生会其他成员邀请你来参加我们的晚会。
10
