Module 5 The Great Sports Personality

2012届高考英语基础词汇复习外研版必修五 Module 5
1. perform vt.& vi.
1）上演；扮演；演奏
When will the play be performed 那出戏何时上演
I’m looking forward to seeing you perform.我期待着看你演出。
2）履行，实行；完成；履行
perform an experiment/operation 做实验/手术
perform one’s duty/promise履行职责/诺言
The students are performing an experiment. 学生们正在做一个实验。
He is sure to perform his promise. 他肯定会履行诺言。
3）（机器等）运转
The engine seems to be performing well. 发动机似乎运转正常。
performance n．表演；表现；性能；执行；履行
give a performance 演出
put on performances 演出
They will give a performance/put on performances at the theater.
他们将在那家剧院演出。
performer n．表演者
2. advantage [C；U] 优势，优点，长处，有利条件
disadvantage n．(反义词)不利条件
1)take advantage of对……加以利用；乘机利用
take (full) advantage of
make full use of
make the best of
2) win/have/get/gain an/the advantage over/of 胜过；优于
(P42)…and they had a major advantage over their better-known rivals---they were cheaper.
3) to one’s advantage 对某人有利
4) be of advantage to 对……有利
Take advantage of class time，or you will miss most of what the teacher says.
利用好课堂上的时间，要不然你会错过老师讲的内容。
Her teaching experience gave her a big advantage over the other applicants for the job. 她的教学经历使她比起其他求职者具有更大的优势。
Yao Ming has an advantage over other players in playing basketball.
姚明在打篮球方面比其他选手更有优势。
It would be to your advantage to prepare questions in advance.
事先把问题准备好肯定会对你有利。
3. guarantee
(P42) The success for Li Ning was guaranteed, and it came quickly.
1) guarantee vt. 担保；保证；允诺；n.担保物；抵押物；保证书
guarantee sb. sth. /guarantee sth. to sb.向某人保证某事
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee sth.(to be)．..保证……(是……)
guarantee that... 保证…
guarantee sb./sth. against/from保证…不受/免遭…
be guaranteed to do sth. 保证做某事
2)give/offer/provide a guarantee 提供担保
under guarantee在保修期内
eg.1)Take this opportunity，and I guarantee that you won’t regret.
抓住这个机会，我保证你不会后悔的。
2)We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.
我们保证一周内交货。
3)That kind of behavior is guaranteed to make him angry.
那样的行为肯定会让他生气。
4)My watch is still under guarantee，so they’ll repair it for free.
我的表还在保修期内，他们会免费给我修理。
5)He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
他向我们保证这种事情决不会再发生。
4.score n.
1)二十(twenty)（单复同）
a ( three) score, three score and ten
a (three) score of people, three score of eggs
scores of 许多 scores of years 许多年
dozen n. 一打,十二个 (不加s)
a dozen, three dozen
可由many, several, how many 修饰，但不加-s也不加of
a (three, several, many) dozen books
They sold three dozen copies of the magazine.
当dozen 后接these, those, them, us时，先加of再接这些词
two dozen of those books
two dozen of them
be sold by the dozen
dozens of 许多
dozens of books, dozen of them
2）n.(游戏或比赛)得分，比分；(考试)分数；
keep score记分
The score is 2-4.
vi.& vt.得分，评分，记分；二十
score a goal进球
score full marks得满分
score a success/victory取得成功/胜利
5. declare v．宣告，宣布，声明
declare for/against sth.表态支持/反对某事
declare oneself表明自己的立场或意向
declare peace宣布和平
declare sth./sb.(to be)＋adj. 宣布……为……
declare that...宣布，宣称
declare war on/against...对……宣战
declare the meeting open宣布开会
declare/announce/claim辨析
1) declare指正式宣布，当众宣布。通常指官方正式公布、宣告事情。
The results of the election will be declared soon. 选举结果很快就会公布。
2) announce指预告性地宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事情。
The teacher announced in the class that the winter holidays would begin on January 28. 老师在班上宣布元月28日放寒假。
3) claim多指根据权利宣称，声称。
Doctors claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease.
医生们声称已找到该疾病的治疗方法。
announce 和declare 语义相近，但结构有区别。
announce 后接名词或代词或that宾语从句，而declare除接上面结构以外还可接复合宾语等结构。
declare在语义上还有些特殊的用法。试比较下列句型。
1)Soon Germany declared war on France. 不久德国对法宣战。(不用announce)
2)The bell announced the end of the class. 下课铃响了。(非正式，不用declare)
3)The committee announced/declared the results of the experiment.
委员会宣布了实验的结果。
declare：
1)All the people declared against the war. 所有的人声明反对战争。
2)She declared herself extremely hurt by his lack of support.
她说自己非常伤心，因为没有得到他的支持。
3)They declared the results of the election. 他们宣布了选举结果。
4)I declared at the meeting that I did not support him.
我在会上声明我不支持他。
Phrases:
1. 1)on the increase正在增加
=on the rise在增加 (opp)on the decrease在减少
(P42)The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase –and sport had never been so popular.
2)increase by 增加了…倍;百分之…
increase to 增加到…
a. Crime in big cities is on the increase.大城市里的犯罪率呈增长趋势。
b. The number of smokers in our country is on the rise. 我国烟民数量在增长。
c. The number of the students in our class increased by ten this year.
今年我们班学生的数目增加了十人
2. rise to one’s feet站起来
①The headmaster rose to his feet to welcome me.校长站起身来欢迎我。
②He rose to his feet and left the room without a word.
他站起身一句话也没说就离开了那个房间。
③He tried to struggle to his feet，but in vain.他试图挣扎着站起来，但是徒劳。
④Now that you have been an adult，you must learn to stand on your own feet.
既然你已经是一个成人了，你必须学会自立。
⑤Hearing the news，he jumped to his feet with joy.
听到这个消息，他高兴地跳了起来。
Patterns
1. 1）be up to sb.是…的职责/责任；由…决定
It’s up to you to decide to eat out or at home.
由你来决定我们是到外面吃饭还是在家里吃。
2）做/干(不好的事)
The children are very quiet. I wonder what they are up to.
孩子们很安静，我不知道他们在搞什么鬼。
3）能胜任；适合
He is not really up to the job. 他并不能真正胜任这项工作。
4）直到……
Up to now, she has written four books. 到目前为止，她已经写了四部书了。
2. If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.
如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，都有可能看到身穿印有那个熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生们。（p42）
(The) Chances are (that)... 意为“很可能…”，句型中的the和that都可省略。表达此意时还可用There is a chance that...。
1) (The) Chances are (that) we will win easily. 我们很可能会轻易取胜。
2)The chances are a hundred to one that he will win.
他获胜的可能性只有百分之一。
3)There is a chance that I will see him these days. 这几天我有可能见到他。
4)Tonight is your last chance to catch the play at the local theatre.
今晚是你在本地剧院看这出戏的最后一次机会。
5)We took a chance on the weather and planned to have the party outside.
我们怀着天气可能会好的侥幸心理筹划到户外聚会。
归纳拓展
The chances are (that)...很可能……
There’s no/a chance that...不/有可能……
a chance of (doing) sth.……的可能性/机会
seize/grasp a chance抓住机会
give/offer/provide a chance给/提供机会
take a chance/take chances冒险/碰运气
by chance碰巧
No chance.不可能。
chance to do sth.
It chanced that...
在句型The chances are that...中，chances不可改用单数。