专题一 名词
考点要求
可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2．名词所有格的构成及用法；3．近义名词的辨析。
一、名词的数
1．单数和复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，
其主要变法如下：
（1）名词复数的规则变化
1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book →books，girl →girls，boy →boys，pen →pens.
2） 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus →buses，class →classes，box →boxes，watch →watches，brush →brushes。
3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es，例如：city →cities, factory → factories, country → countries, family →families
以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy →boys, day →days。
以o结尾的表示有生命力的词加-es，例如:hero →heroes， potato →potatoes，
tomato → tomatoes， mango → mangoes
以o结尾的表示无生命力的词加-s，例如：piano→pianos, zoo → zoos， photo→photos.
以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife →knives，leaf →leaves,
（2）名词复数的不规则变化
1）特殊变化 man-men woman-women child-children mouse-mice
2）oo改为ee tooth-teeth goose-geese foot-feet
3）单复数同形 deer， sheep， fish ，Chinese, Japanese
【注意】
(1)与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。
(2) German（德国人）不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；
(3) man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：a man worker， women teachers。
2）当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。
4）集体名词，明为单数，但实为复数。有：people, police等。不能说a people，a police，但可以说a person，a policeman。
5）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。
例如：ten minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
6）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses。
7）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：
学科名词：physics, mathematics/maths
游戏名称：bowls（保龄球）
专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls
其他名词：news, falls
8）以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
实例解析
( C )1.These _________ have saved many children’ s lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
( D )2. —Are there any _____ on the farm —Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
( C )3. —What would you like to drink, ________ or orange —Orange, please.
A. hamburger B. chip C. tea
2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法
在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：
（1）表示不具体数量时用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如： The rich man has a lot of money． There is some milk in the bottle． Is there any water in the glass？
（2）表示具体数量时用a piece of 这类定语，例如：
a piece of paper, a piece of bread, a bottle of orange, a glass of water（milk）, a cup of tea
注意：如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在量词后加复数，例如：
two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water
修饰可数名词和不可数名词的形容词分别有：
C.N.：数词, many, too many, so many, a few, few, a number of, several
U.N.：much, too much, so much, little, a little, a great / large amount of
C.N.& U.N: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any
二、名词的所有格
名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's，其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children' s Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 其它无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's a friend of mine。
【注意】 如果两个名词并列，并且分别加 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。
两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。
6. 还有一些表示“的”的词 如to，for，from。
the answer to the question 问题的答案 the key to the door 门的钥匙
a ticket for the concert音乐会的票 a student from Beijing来自北京的学生
一、中考演练
( C )1.(惠州)I’m too hungry. Bring me some _____ , please.
A. clothes B. water C. bread D. medicine
( B )2. (中山)Lucy tried her best to look for a good job in her city, but she had no ____.
A. trouble B. idea C. luck D. time
( B )3.(珠海)You’d better do morning _____ every day. It’s good to have lots of _____.
A. exercise; exercise B. exercises; exercise C. exercise; exercises D. exercises; exercises
( A )4.(肇庆)--Are those ___ --No, they aren’t . They’re ____.
A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cows D. sheeps; cow
( A )5.(佛山)The ____here study the book Go for it! And they are working hard to go for it.
A. sixteen-year-olds B. sixteen years old C. sixteen-year-old D. sixteen-years-olds
( B )6.(珠海)When autumn comes, the ____the trees turn yellow.
A. leaf on B. leaves on C. leaf in D. leaves in
( B )7.（韶关）This is not my cap, but my ________.
A. brothers B. brother’s C. brothers’ D. brother
( D )8.(韶关)How many ______are there A. meat B. meats C. apple D. apples
( A )9.(汕头) He doesn’t like _____at all. A. fish B. fishes C. fishs D. fishmeat
( B )10.(广州) A _____is used for keeping warm. A. stamp B. jacket C. key D. clock
( B )11.(深圳) —I want to have a _____ with you about the problem. —Sure.
A. fun B. word C. play D. rest
( D )12.(深圳)—Would you like ______ –Thank you, but I’m not thirsty.
A. some sandwiches B. some mooncakes C. some bread D. some orange
( B )13.(深圳罗湖区七校联考) We have bought two for the coming party.
A. box of apples B. boxes of apples C. box of apple D. boxes of apple
( C )14.(深圳模考二) We’ll be away for two weeks because we’ll have a .
A. two-weeks holiday B. two weeks holiday C. two-week holiday D. two-weeks’ holiday
( D )15. (年河北省中考试题) This is ______ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’ s and Jane’ s C. Anne’ s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’ s
二：完形填空
Dear Annie, Thank you for your letter.I’m glad you like your school. I go to school from Monday to Friday.We have four 1 in the morning and two in the afternoon.We have 2 to do after class. 3 Monday and Wednesday afternoon we 4 sports.On Tuesday afternoon 5 of us have 6 singing class.And on Thursday afternoon some have a 7 class.On Friday afternoon we practice 8 English.My Chinese friends would like 9 with me in English.They think I am like an English teacher.Isn’t it great
On Sundays and Saturdays I don’t go to school.Very often I go to the parks and have a good time 10 my family there.
( A )1.A.classes B.lesson C.class D.grade
( C )2.A.anything B.any things
C.many things D.many thing
( C )3.A.To B.In C.On D.At
( B )4.A.has B.have C.having D.to have
( C )5.A.any B.one C.some D.the other one
( A )6.A.a B.an C. the D.some
( D )7.A.draw B.draws C.to draw D.drawing
( C )8.A.speak B.speaks
C.speaking D.to speak
( C )9.A.talk B.talks C. to talk D.talking
( B )10.A.for B.with C.at D.in
阅读理解
A little boy came to a new town with his parents. His name was Peter. His family was very rich(富有). They had a driver(司机) and they had a cook, and a lot of servants(仆人).Peter was going to a new school. On the first day his mother said to him, “Peter, be modest at your new school. Don’t say we are rich.”And Peter said, “Yes, Mommy.” So Peter went to school. The first class was composition(作文). The subject of the composition was My Family.
“My name is Peter. My family is very poor(贫穷). Both my father and my mother are very poor. Our driver is very poor and the cook is poor, the other servants are poor…”
( D )6. Who did Peter live with
A. The driver B. The cook C.The servants D.His father and mother
( B )7.How is Peter’s family
A. Very poor B. Very rich C. Very big D. Very friendly
( B )8. When did Peter’s mother tell him not to say “We are rich.”
Before going to a new town B. On the first day he went to a new school
C. In the composition class D. After school
( D )9. Guess!What’s``be modest”in Chinese A. 贫困 B. 小心 C. 自信 D. 谦虚
( B )10. According to (根据) Peter’s composition, you know _____.
A. Peter’s family is very poor B. Peter has a car in his family
C. Peter’s father is a cook D. Peter’s composition is good
四、看图填词：
一: 每日一句子结构
句子结构一： 主语 + 谓语（用动词原形表示，注意第三人称单数的变化）+。。:（谁做。。）
1：I live in Shaoguan. 2: I get up at 6:30.
3：Tom goes to school today. 4: My sister runs every day.
二: 写作基础训练
翻译句子：
李明是我的朋友。他每天6:30起床。他骑自行车上学。他的英语很差。他向Alice寻求帮助。Alice 帮助他学习英语。李明感谢Alice。
Li Ming is my friend. He gets up at 6:30 everyday. He rides his bike to school. His English is poor/very bad. He asks Alice for help. Alice helps him to learn English. Li Ming thanks for Alice.
短语句型: 骑自行车：ride bikes； 向某人寻求帮助： ask sb for help；
帮助某人做某事： help sb to do sth
I have a good friend. His ⑴ name is Jim. There are ⑵ nine people in his family. His
⑶ grandparents have two sons, his
⑷ father and his ⑸ uncle . His parents have two ⑹ daughters and two ⑺ sons . The two girls are Susan and Jane, and the
⑻ two boys are Jim and Henry. So(所以) Jim has two ⑼ sisters and a ⑽ brother . Jim loves his family. His family love him, too.
作文Happy Time
首先我们要明确中考考试的作文题型：《读写综合》，分为信息归纳和书面表达两部分，信息归纳5分，书面表达15分，共20分。主要考察综合运用语言的能力。
亲爱的同学们，作文15分啊，作文分数最好拿。只要你能写，就肯定给你分，如果你的字漂亮点，你的分就会更多点。但是这些都是要我们平时学习过程中就要重视作文，多去动笔，多去积累句型和短语。作文绝对No problem！
作文第一练专题一 名词
考点要求
可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2．名词所有格的构成及用法；3．近义名词的辨析。
一、名词的数
1．单数和复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，
其主要变法如下：
（1）名词复数的规则变化
1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book →books，girl →girls，boy →boys，pen →pens.
2） 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus →buses，class →classes，box →boxes，watch →watches，brush →brushes。
3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es，例如：city →cities, factory → factories, country → countries, family →families
以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy →boys, day →days。
以o结尾的表示有生命力的词加-es，例如:hero →heroes， potato →potatoes，
tomato → tomatoes， mango → mangoes
以o结尾的表示无生命力的词加-s，例如：piano→pianos, zoo → zoos， photo→photos.
以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife →knives，leaf →leaves,
（2）名词复数的不规则变化
1）特殊变化 man-men woman-women child-children mouse-mice
2）oo改为ee tooth-teeth goose-geese foot-feet
3）单复数同形 deer， sheep， fish ，Chinese, Japanese
【注意】
(1)与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。
(2) German（德国人）不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；
(3) man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：a man worker， women teachers。
2）当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。
4）集体名词，明为单数，但实为复数。有：people, police等。不能说a people，a police，但可以说a person，a policeman。
5）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。
例如：ten minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
6）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses。
7）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：
学科名词：physics, mathematics/maths
游戏名称：bowls（保龄球）
专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls
其他名词：news, falls
8）以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
实例解析
( )1.These _________ have saved many children’ s lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
( )2. —Are there any _____ on the farm —Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
( )3. —What would you like to drink, ________ or orange —Orange, please.
A. hamburger B. chip C. tea
2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法
在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：
（1）表示不具体数量时用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如： The rich man has a lot of money． There is some milk in the bottle． Is there any water in the glass？
（2）表示具体数量时用a piece of 这类定语，例如：
a piece of paper, a piece of bread, a bottle of orange, a glass of water（milk）, a cup of tea
注意：如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在量词后加复数，例如：
two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water
修饰可数名词和不可数名词的形容词分别有：
C.N.：数词, many, too many, so many, a few, few, a number of, several
U.N.：much, too much, so much, little, a little, a great / large amount of
C.N.& U.N: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any
二、名词的所有格
名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's，其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children' s Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 其它无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's a friend of mine。
【注意】 如果两个名词并列，并且分别加 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。
两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。
6. 还有一些表示“的”的词 如to，for，from。
the answer to the question 问题的答案 the key to the door 门的钥匙
a ticket for the concert音乐会的票 a student from Beijing来自北京的学生
一、中考演练
( )1.(惠州)I’m too hungry. Bring me some _____ , please.
A. clothes B. water C. bread D. medicine
( )2. (中山)Lucy tried her best to look for a good job in her city, but she had no ____.
A. trouble B. idea C. luck D. time
( )3.(珠海)You’d better do morning _____ every day. It’s good to have lots of _____.
A. exercise; exercise B. exercises; exercise C. exercise; exercises D. exercises; exercises
( )4.(肇庆)--Are those ___ --No, they aren’t . They’re ____.
A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cows D. sheeps; cow
( )5.(佛山)The ____here study the book Go for it! And they are working hard to go for it.
A. sixteen-year-olds B. sixteen years old C. sixteen-year-old D. sixteen-years-olds
( )6.(珠海)When autumn comes, the ____the trees turn yellow.
A. leaf on B. leaves on C. leaf in D. leaves in
( )7.（韶关）This is not my cap, but my ________.
A. brothers B. brother’s C. brothers’ D. brother
( )8.(韶关)How many ______are there A. meat B. meats C. apple D. apples
( )9.(汕头) He doesn’t like _____at all. A. fish B. fishes C. fishs D. fishmeat
( )10.(广州) A _____is used for keeping warm. A. stamp B. jacket C. key D. clock
( )11.(深圳) —I want to have a _____ with you about the problem. —Sure.
A. fun B. word C. play D. rest
( )12.(深圳)—Would you like ______ –Thank you, but I’m not thirsty.
A. some sandwiches B. some mooncakes C. some bread D. some orange
( )13.(深圳罗湖区七校联考) We have bought two for the coming party.
A. box of apples B. boxes of apples C. box of apple D. boxes of apple
( )14.(深圳模考二) We’ll be away for two weeks because we’ll have a .
A. two-weeks holiday B. two weeks holiday C. two-week holiday D. two-weeks’ holiday
( )15. (年河北省中考试题) This is ______ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’ s and Jane’ s C. Anne’ s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’ s
二：完形填空
Dear Annie, Thank you for your letter.I’m glad you like your school. I go to school from Monday to Friday.We have four 1 in the morning and two in the afternoon.We have 2 to do after class. 3 Monday and Wednesday afternoon we 4 sports.On Tuesday afternoon 5 of us have 6 singing class.And on Thursday afternoon some have a 7 class.On Friday afternoon we practice 8 English.My Chinese friends would like 9 with me in English.They think I am like an English teacher.Isn’t it great
On Sundays and Saturdays I don’t go to school.Very often I go to the parks and have a good time 10 my family there.
( )1.A.classes B.lesson C.class D.grade
( )2.A.anything B.any things
C.many things D.many thing
( )3.A.To B.In C.On D.At
( )4.A.has B.have C.having D.to have
( )5.A.any B.one C.some D.the other one
( )6.A.a B.an C. the D.some
( )7.A.draw B.draws C.to draw D.drawing
( )8.A.speak B.speaks
C.speaking D.to speak
( )9.A.talk B.talks C. to talk D.talking
( )10.A.for B.with C.at D.in
阅读理解
A little boy came to a new town with his parents. His name was Peter. His family was very rich(富有). They had a driver(司机) and they had a cook, and a lot of servants(仆人).Peter was going to a new school. On the first day his mother said to him, “Peter, be modest at your new school. Don’t say we are rich.”And Peter said, “Yes, Mommy.” So Peter went to school. The first class was composition(作文). The subject of the composition was My Family.
“My name is Peter. My family is very poor(贫穷). Both my father and my mother are very poor. Our driver is very poor and the cook is poor, the other servants are poor…”
( )6. Who did Peter live with
A. The driver B. The cook C.The servants D.His father and mother
( )7.How is Peter’s family
A. Very poor B. Very rich C. Very big D. Very friendly
( )8. When did Peter’s mother tell him not to say “We are rich.”
Before going to a new town B. On the first day he went to a new school
C. In the composition class D. After school
( )9. Guess!What’s``be modest”in Chinese A. 贫困 B. 小心 C. 自信 D. 谦虚
( )10. According to (根据) Peter’s composition, you know _____.
A. Peter’s family is very poor B. Peter has a car in his family
C. Peter’s father is a cook D. Peter’s composition is good
四、看图填词：
一: 每日一句子结构
句子结构一： 主语 + 谓语（用动词原形表示，注意第三人称单数的变化）+。。:（谁做。。）
1：I live in Shaoguan. 2: I get up at 6:30.
3：Tom goes to school today. 4: My sister runs every day.
二: 写作基础训练
翻译句子：
李明是我的朋友。他每天6:30起床。他骑自行车上学。他的英语很差。他向Alice寻求帮助。Alice 帮助他学习英语。李明感谢Alice。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
短语句型: 骑自行车：ride bikes； 向某人寻求帮助： ask sb for help；
帮助某人做某事： help sb to do sth
I have a good friend. His ⑴ is Jim. There are ⑵ people in his family. His
⑶ have two sons, his
⑷ and his ⑸ . His parents have two ⑹ and two ⑺ . The two girls are Susan and Jane, and the
⑻ boys are Jim and Henry. So(所以) Jim has two ⑼ and a ⑽ . Jim loves his family. His family love him, too.
作文Happy Time
首先我们要明确中考考试的作文题型：《读写综合》，分为信息归纳和书面表达两部分，信息归纳5分，书面表达15分，共20分。主要考察综合运用语言的能力。
亲爱的同学们，作文15分啊，作文分数最好拿。只要你能写，就肯定给你分，如果你的字漂亮点，你的分就会更多点。但是这些都是要我们平时学习过程中就要重视作文，多去动笔，多去积累句型和短语。作文绝对No problem！
作文第一练
