Unit 6 When was it invented? Section A Grammar focus 4a—4c课件25张

(共25张PPT)
Unit 6
Section A 4a-4c
Eg. Basketball is enjoyed by people all over the world!
Eg. Tea was invented by accident.
语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：
Many students study English.(主动语态)
English is studied by many students.
(被动语态)
语态
被动语态 (Passive Voice)
结构: be + V-p.p.
am / are / is +动词的过去分词
was / were +动词的过去分词
一般现在时的被动语态:
一般过去时的被动语态:
Many people speak English. (主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.
The naughty boy broke the window yesterday. (主动语态)
The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday.
We bought some books.
主动句与被动句之间的转换
Some books were bought ( by us ).
主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语
主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+ 宾语
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1. 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。
2. 把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化而变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3. 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
过去式被动语态的几种句型
肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by…)
A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.
2 否定句 主语 + be + not +过去分词 + (by…)
3 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)
A sweet song wasn’t sung by her on the stage.
Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage
4 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)
Where was a sweet song sung by her
被动语态的运用:
（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没
有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.
这座房子太旧了，它是1950年建的。 When will the road be opened to traffic
这条路什么时候通车
（2） 需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。
Calculator can't be used in the math exam.
计算器不能用于数学考试。
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
他在比赛中获得了第一。
有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者,这时也常用被动语态。
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。
You are requested to give a performance.
请你给我们表演一个节目。
（3）
特殊情况：
⑴（含有双宾语的句子变被动语态）
剖析：含双宾语的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，常把那个指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；也可把那个指物的直接宾语用作主语，但此时必须在间接宾语前加上介词 to或for。
如：He gave me a book.
→I was given a book by him.（人作主语）
→A book was given to me by him. （物作主语）
My father bought me a bike.(变被动语态)
→__________________________（主语是人）
→__________________________（主语是物）
⑵感官动词和使役动词在主动句中其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时必须加上to。如：The boss made her work for 16 hours a day.
→She was made to work for 16 hours a day.
When was the car invented
It was invented in 1885.
Who were they invented by
They were invented by Julie Thompson.
What are they used for
They are used for seeing in the dark.
Read the sentences and pay attention to the underlined parts.
一般讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：
1、 一般现在时的被动语态： am / is /
are + 动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2一般过去式的被动语态: was / were +
动词的过去分词
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
How delicious the soup is! Who cooked it
It was cooked by Mom.
What a beautiful card it is! Who made it
It was made by …
How clean the clothes are! Who washed them
They were washed by …
1. He wrote an article last week.
An article was written by him last week.
2. The people make history.
History is made by the people.
把下列的主动句变为被动句。
2. Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.
My camera was stolen from my hotel room (by somebody).
3. Where did you take these photos
Where were these photos taken
4a Rewrite the sentences using the
passive voice.
1.They sold the fridge at a low price.
The fridge was sold at a low price.
4. Our parents advised us not to go out alone.
5. Different writers translated the book into different languages.
We were advised by our parents not to go out alone.
The book was translated into different languages by different writers.
4b Complete the sentences with the correct
forms of the verbs in the box.
The keys
were invited
were brought
was locked
rang
were told
broke
were eaten
liked
4c Write the correct forms in the blanks.
The keys
was invented
was born
worked
learned
was invented
was said
is used
将下列各句改为被动语态。
He saved a lot of money this summer.
2. We spend large sums of money each year in painting the steelwork of bridges.
A lot of money was saved this summer.
Large sums of money is spent each year in painting the steelwork of bridges.