(共54张PPT)
be + done
被动语态的基本结构:
be有各种时态的变化
被动语态复习
初中阶段需掌握的几种被动语态
时态 被动语态谓语部分
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
含情态动词
am/is/are + done
was/ were + done
will+be + done
情态动词 +be + done
（should /must/can等）
be going to +be + done
主动变被动的方法:
She waters the flowers every day.
主 谓 宾
（执行者） （承受者）
The flowers are watered by her every day.
主 谓 by+宾
总结:
主动语态 被动语态
宾语 →
谓语 →
主语 →
其他 → 抄下来
主语
be+ done
by +宾语
（承受者）
by many students.
1.Many students study English.
English
is studied
2.They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
are made
by them
in that factory.
一般现在时的被动语态结构：
am/ is/are+过去分词
was given
He gave a talk in the meeting.
一般过去时的被动语态结构：
was/ were+过去分词
A talk
in the meeting
(by him)
一般将来时的被动语态结构：
be going to be/will be+过去分词
1.They will finish the work in ten days.
(by them)
The work
will be finished
2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.
The room
is going to be cleaned
(by Tom)
in ten days.
tomorrow.
含有情态动词的被动语态结构：
can/may/must/should + be+过去分词
1. We can use grammar very well ．
by us.
Grammar
can be used very well
2.You should often speak English.
English
should be often spoken
by you.
[1] Children should ______.
A. take good care of B. be taken good care
C. be taken good care of
由该题推断:动词短语变被动语态,动词短语应看成一个整体，其中的 词不能丢。
介或副
被动语态注意事项
[2] Tom ____ work for twelve hours a day by the boss last month.
A. was made B. was made to C. made
有些动词在主动语态中后接不带to的不定式，但改为被动语态时，省略的to要还原。这类的词有：
一感觉（feel）
二听 （hear, listen )
三让 （let, have, make)
四看 （see, look, watch, notice)
被动语态注意事项
[3] The food ___ delicious.
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste
系动词 如 taste，look，smell，sound，feel等不用于被动语态。
被动语态注意事项
[4] The story _____ on a cold night.
A. was happened
B. is happened
C. happened
happen, die, appear, have, wish, cost, prefer, own, suit, fit, belong to, take place, take part in, break down, break out等不及物动词/词组（vi.）无被动。
被动语态注意事项
[5] The kind of books is popular now. So they _____well in many shops.
A. are sold
B. sell
C. sold
当动词表示事物的自然属性时，不用被动，如：
write well, sell well, wash well
被动语态注意事项
car accident/ happen
A car accident has happened.
1 Look at the pictures. Describe what has
happened.
driver / hurt
2. some / help / driver
3. some / phone / the hospital
The driver has been hurt.
Someone has helped the driver.
Someone has phoned the hospital.
Grammar and speaking
driver /take / hospital
driver / treat / doctors
car / repair
The driver will be taken to hospital.
The driver will be treated by doctors..
The car will be repaired.
What do you think will happen next
1. Some of the world’s greatest books ___________
(write) long ago.
2. It does not mean that great books ____________
(not write) today.
3. The character Harry Potter ___________ (create)
by J.K. Rowling in the 1990s.
4. When the first book _____________ (come out), it was a big success.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the words or expression in brackets.
were written
are written
was created
was come out
Michael: Are you coming to the meeting this afternoon
Susan: What meeting
Michael: It’s about environmental protection. More ways
should (1) _________ (find), so that the world
(2) ________________________ in the future.
Susan: I agree. I think the environmental problems
(3) ______________ (not take) seriously in the past,
and a lot of people still don’t think about it enough.
Michael: Yes, you’re right. For example, look at all the
lights that (4) _______ (leave) on all the time!
be found
can be saved / will be saved
were not taken
3 Complete the conversation with the correct form
of the words and expression in brackets.
are left
Susan: And a lot of water (5) __________ (waste) every
day, just in our houses.
Michael: Exactly! These are all important things, but there
is much more to do! Look around you. Why
(6) __ so much paper ___________ (throw away)
Put it in the special box, so that it
(7) ______________________________ (recycle)!
Susan: Oh, dear. I left my computer on all day today!
Yes, I’m coming to the meeting, Michael…
be wasted
is thrown away
can be recycled / will be recycled
定语从句复习
一、定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
二、关系代词和关系副词的功用。
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
2. 作宾语：
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
3. 作定语：
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4. 作状语：
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。
1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：
Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
四、关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.
=That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
五、具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1. 只能使用that，不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：
All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：
He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
The school (1) _________ Joe goes to is one of the best in the city and has over a thousand pupils. The pupils there wear red T-shirts and black trousers. The places (2) _________ the students like best at school are the computer room and the dining hall. The games (3) _________ the boys enjoy most are football and basketball. Joe is best at football, and he is in the school team. The activity (4) __________ attracts the girls most is the dance, and the girls usually put on a show (5) _________ every student comes to with their parents at the end of term. The teacher (6) ________ the students like most is Mrs Black.
that/which
that/which
that/which
that/which
4 Complete the passage with that, which or who. There
may be more than one answer.
that/which
that/who
将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法称作合成法。
合成名词 afternoon, sportsman, blackboard, newspaper, airplane, classmate…
合成形容词 kind-hearted, middle-aged, hard-working…
合成副词 however, maybe…
合成代词 himself, everyone, nothing…
合成动词 overlook…
构词法复习
通过在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个新词的方法称作派生法。
前缀 含义 例词
dis- 不 disagree, dislike
en- 使……处在某种状态 enable, enrich
im-, in- 不 impossible, impatient, inexpensive
inter- 在……之间 international, interconnect
mis- 错误的 mislead, misunderstand
non- 不，非 non-smoker, non-native
re- 再，重复 rewrite, retell
un- 不 unable, unhappy, unpopular
后缀 含义 例词
-er, -or 构成名词 teacher, worker, visitor
-ian musician
-ing building, painting, shopping
-ist artist, scientist
-ment agreement, government
-ness coldness, happiness, illness
-th truth, warmth
-tion competition, education, information
-ty activity, safety
后缀 含义 例词
-able, -ible 构成形容词 comfortable, eatable, enjoyable
-al environmental, international
-ful careful, helpful
-ive active, expensive
-less careless, helpless, homeless
-ly friendly, lovely, monthly
-ous dangerous, famous
-teen 构成数词 eighteen, fifteen, seventeen
-th fifteenth, fifth, fortieth
-ty forty, sixty, twenty
-ly 构成副词 badly, carefully, happily
词根
词缀
名词
形容词
副词
+
…
interest
uninterested
interestingly
uninteresting
interested
interesting
help
helpfully
helplessly
helpful
helpless
able
disable
unable
enable
ability
英语构词法中把一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变的方法称为转化法。
(1) v. → n.
— Let’s talk about it more.
— I think we’d better finish the talk now.
— 咱们再谈谈这件事吧。
— 我想我们最好现在结束谈话。
(2) n. → v.
— She gave me a cup of water.
— You should water the flowers twice a day.
— 她给了我一杯水。
— 你应该每天给这些花浇两次水。
(3) adj. → n.
— She was wearing a black dress.
— The girl in black looks very beautiful.
— 她穿着一条黑色的裙子。
—那个穿黑衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。
-ful inter- -less out- up- un- -ity
care electric hope national side
stairs usual waste
A
B
careful
hopeful
wasteful
international
careless
hopeless
outside
upstairs
unusual
electricity
nationality
upside
5 Make new words. Join the parts of words in Box A with
the words in the Box B. You need to use some of them
more than once.
1. This is the second floor. You need to go _______ to get to
the third floor.
2. Some animals in Australia are very different from other
animals. They are ________.
3. Throwing away good paper is very ________.
4. We need clean air and water, so we must be _______ with
the environment.
5. The situation is ______ because everyone is trying hard to
protect the environment.
6. It is not just a problem for one country. Pollution is a(n)
_____________ problem.
7. Turn off the lights and save __________.
My brother is playing in the park. He is outside.
upstairs
unusual
wasteful
careful
Now complete the sentences with the new words you have made.
hopeful
international
electricity
1. You can put the _____ bottles in the recycling box
over there.
2. Our local community has a very good recycling
_____.
3. When air _________ spreads over our cities and
towns, it may cause illness.
4. We should all help _____ new trees in the forest.
centre glass plant pollution
glass
centre
pollution
plant
Vocabulary
6 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
Oliver Twist is one of the most famous stories by Charles Dickens. Set in the nineteenth century, it is about a boy called Oliver who finds (1) _______ alone in the world. He lives in a special house for poor people and always has an empty (2) ________. One day, he asks for more food and gets into a lot of trouble!
Later, Oliver runs away to London. There, he meets some boys who steal money and other things.
himself
stomach
7 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.
action care difficulty everyday himself reason relative stomach though
They teach Oliver to steal too, (3) _______ Oliver does not want to because he is a good child. After many (4) __________, Oliver is taken home by a kind old man. In the end, Oliver discovers that the kind man is a(n) (5) ______, and he goes to live with him in the city.
There are many (6) _______ why Oliver Twist is a lot of (7) ________ in the book, and it is also very humorous. The writer was also very good at writing about the (8) _______ lives of poor children in London in the nineteenth century- his book made people (9) _______ more about the problem of poor children.
difficulties
relative
reasons
action
everyday
care
though
1. James has lost himself in computer games since last summer holiday. His father _______________ him.
2. The Black family felt very sad because they ______________ help the poor child.
3. I want to get back by five o’clock __________.
4. If you want to _________more about this product that I have just introduced, please visit our website.
5. It is hard to imagine that an eighteen-year-old student can _______ in his own small town.
is worried a bout
were unable to
if possible
8 Complete the sentences and conversation with the
correct form of the expressions in the box.
be known as be unable to be worried about care about find out get lost if possible
it is better to make sure such as take part in
find out
get lost
6. Cartoon heroes _______ Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are still loved by many children around the world.
7. The famous American writer, Samuel Clemens, ____________ Mark Twain.
8. The only thing he seems to ___________ is money, so nobody likes to work with him.
9. We need one more person to ___________ the project.
10. I think ____________ phone him to say you will be late.
11. ---- Did you lock the front door
---- I think so, but I’d better ____________.
such as
is known as
care about
take part in
it is better to
make sure
a) arrive at the airport □
b) leave for home □
c) go swimming □
d) have a party □
e) have classes in the mornings □
f) take photos for the competition □
1
6
4
5
2
3
Listening
9 Listen and number the activities in the order you
hear them.
_
_
_
_
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
classes
classes
classes
classes
classes
swimming
swimming
a walk around
the city
party for all
leaving for
home
taking photos
for the
competition
10 Listen again and complete the timetable with
activities.
Reading and speaking
11 Work in pairs. Look at the pictures
and describe them.
The School of the Air
1. What is it
It is a school for children who ___________ the
cities, and who are in a place which does not __________________.
2. What is the classroom like
It is just a _____________.
live far from
have a local school
small building
12 Read the passage and check your description in
Activity 11.
Now complete the table.
3. How do the students have classes and do homework
Have __________ over the radio or on the computer. ________ the radio or computer and ________ what they should do after they get to the classroom.
Do their ____________ in the classroom in the morning.
Be made to do more work by ___________ in the afternoon.
“air” lessons
Turn on
listen to
usual lessons
their mum
4. How do the students hand in exercise “books”
Send to their teachers by ______ on Friday night, and their teachers mark them _________________________.
Get the “books” _____________.
5. How do the students keep in touch with their teachers
_______ their teachers once a week.
Use __________________________ to keep in touch with their teachers.
email
on Monday and Tuesday
on Wednesday
Talk to
the Internet and the telephone
Writing
13 Read the information about Susan’s life in
primary school and in high school.
Primary school High school
School name School of the Air South Sydney High School
Journey to school Five minutes’ walk across the farm 20-30 minutes’ bus ride
Schoolday 8:45 – 12:00 8:30 – 15:30
Number of pupils 12 800
Primary school High school
Advantages *Small class
*Use the telephone
and the Internet to
communicate
*Spend lots of time
outside in nature
and with animals
*Quiet, no traffic *Lots of friends
*Study lots of
subjects
*Talk to the
teacher face to
face
Primary school High school
Disadvantages *Not many friends
*Cannot study lots
of subjects
*Only talk to the teacher once a week – not always easy to understand everything *Long journey
*Lots of students in the class
After-school
activities *Sometimes play football on the farm
*Help out at home
*Read *Swim
*Play football
*Join a computer club
Now use the information to write a short passage about Susan’s life in primary school and in high school.
Susan was a pupil of the School of the Air. She is now studying at South Sydney High School.
Before, her journey to school was only a five minutes’ walk, but now she has to ride a bus for 20 to 30 minutes. Her school day was shorter in primary school. She finished at 12:00, but now she finishes at 15:30. Perhaps the biggest difference for her is the number of pupils at her new school–there are 800 students! There were only 12 pupils at the School of the Air.
High school has good points and bad points for her. Now she has lots of friends, can study lots of subjects, and can talk to the teacher face to face, instead of using the telephone or the Internet. It is easier to understand things when you can talk to the teacher face to face. But she has a long journey to school, and there are lots of students in her class. Sometimes she misses her quiet time in primary school, when she could play outside and spend time with the animals. But there are more things to do at high school. Now Susan can swim and join a computer club, as well as play football. On the whole, Susan likes her high school a lot.
一、单项选择。
1. The letter ____ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
2. ---- Where is the scientist ______ gave us the talk yesterday
---- He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
3. I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose B. whom C. who D. which
4. ---- Does the teacher know everybody ______ planted the trees
---- Yes, he does.
A. who B. whose C. where D. which
5. This is the place _____ I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
D
B
C
A
D
6. The phone ____ by a well-known scientist, Edison.
A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. is inventing
7. When I called the bus service, I ____ that there was no more bus.
A. was telling B. was told C. has told D. had told
8. Bamboo can ______ paper.
A. used to make B. be used make
C. be used to make D. be used to making
9. As we know, printing ______ during the Sui and Tang Dynasties in China.
A. invented B. is invented C. was invented
10. I’m sure that stricter rulers to control smoking _____ very soon.
A. made B. will make C. were made D. will be made
C
B
C
C
D
二、单项选择。
1. My brother, Jim, has become a ________ (law).
He is very busy every day.
2. It was such a ___________ (wonder) movie that all of us enjoyed it.
3. It is ___________ (possible) to buy things without money.
4. Hamburgers are _________ (health) food.
5. Let’s hope that all our troubles will _________
(appear) soon.
6. The local people are ________ (thank) that the whole nation are helping them rebuild the town.
7. He is too _________ (care) to pass the final exam.
lawyer
wonderful
impossible
unhealthy
disappear
thankful
careless
Homework
1. 记住本节课所学知识点。
2. 完成本单元的基础过关训练。
3. 为期末考试做好准备。
