Unit 6-Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
核心考点回顾
【announcement】
announcement n. 通告, 公告
*“The next station is Bank! ” comes the announcement.
“下一站是银行”地铁广播说。
*She was planning to announce her engagement to Peter.
她正计划宣布她和彼得订婚一事。
*It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.
据宣布, 将有新的限速规定出台。
【语块积累】
make an announcement 下通知; 宣布
announce vt. 宣布; 通知
It is announced that. . . 据称; 据宣布……
announce to sb. sth. /that. . . 向某人宣布……
【erupt】
erupt v. (火山)爆发, 喷发
*Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting.
果然, 从楼梯上下来, 走到平台上, 就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山里。
*My father just erupted into anger.
我父亲勃然大怒。
*Many houses were destroyed in the major volcanic eruption.
在这次火山大爆发中许多房子被毁。
【语块积累】
erupt in/into sth. 突然……起来
eruption n. 爆发
【occur】
occur v. 发生
*Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.
专家表示, 这种恶劣天气是由气候变化造成的。
*In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
如果世界气温上升3摄氏度, 海洋的颜色就会发生多种变化。
*It occurred to him that he had left his key in the office.
他想到他把钥匙落在办公室了。
*It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.
我没想到要核对我的保险单。
【语块积累】
It occurs to sb. that. . . 某人想起……
It occurs to sb. to do. . . 某人想起做……
【易混辨析】
occur 比较正式的用语, 可用于具体或抽象的事物, 通常指按计划或规律在较为确定的时间“发生”的事, 在表示具体的事物时, 可与happen换用。 但occur还可表示“某人想起”
happen 常指具体事件的发生, 特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。另外, happen还有“碰巧”之意
take place 通常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”。另外, take place还有“举行”之意
【原因状语从句】
Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space. . .
既然在地球上很难避免灾难, 也许我应该开始考虑移居太空……
【句式解构】
本句中的now that“既然”, 引导原因状语从句, 其中的
that可以省略。
*Now that everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到齐了, 我们就开始开会吧。
*Now that dinner is ready, wash your hands.
既然晚饭准备好了, 你去洗手吧。
*Since we’ve no money we can’t buy a new car.
因为我们没钱, 没法买新汽车。
【名师点津】
(1)引导原因状语从句的连词: now that, since, because, as, for等。
(2)引导原因状语的短语: due to, thanks to, because of等。
【易混辨析】
now that 既然, 由于, 是连词词组, 引导原因状语从句, 表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。
because 因为, 语气较重, 常用于回答why的疑问句
since 因为; 既然(可与now that互换)
as 因为, 语气较弱
for 因为, 并列连词, 引导一个分句, 不能置于句首, 表示进一步补充说明
【it作形式主语】
It’s just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.
我的旅程是最古老的线路之一, 也是最深的线路之一, 这恰好是典型的线路。
【句式解构】
it为形式主语, that从句是真正的主语。
*It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.
很明显他不喜欢它。
*It’s a pity that she refused to accept the suggestion.
真遗憾, 她拒绝接受这个建议。
【名师点津】
有时为了考虑句子平衡, 通常使用形式主语it, 而将真正的主语从句移至句末。
【插入语】
What’s more, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides, and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.
此外, 东欧的暴雨导致山体滑坡, 南欧的高温导致森林火灾。
【句式解构】
本句中的what’s more此外; 而且, 为插入语。
*What’s more, he only knew how to spell apple!
此外, 他仅知道如何拼写苹果!
【名师点津】
what’s more=in addition=most importantly此外, 而且; 更重要地
What for 为何
What’s worse更糟糕的是
What’s up =What is the matter 怎么啦 Unit 6-Section B Using language
核心考点回顾
【省略结构】
【语用功能】
省略可以使句子简洁, 避免重复和啰嗦。
【要义详析】
一、省略的定义
省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。
凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分, 在一定语境中能够独立存在, 意义明确, 并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。
一般说来, 只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义, 能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑, 而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。
二、省略的用法
1. 并列句中的省略
一般说来, 在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。
*I came at eight but Henry (came) at nine.
我八点来的, 但亨利是在九点来的。
2. 复合句中的省略
(1)状语从句
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且状语从句中含有be动词时, 省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
*When (the novel is)published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。
*Although(he was)hard-working, he couldn’t earn enough to support himself.
尽管努力工作, 他的收入还是不够自己糊口。
(2)定语从句
如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语, 这个关系代词可以省略。
*He’s the man (who/that)you can safely depend on.
他是你能放心信赖的人。
(3)主句省略
有时整个主句都可省略, 只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。
*—You all like the story
——你们都喜欢这个故事
—Yes, except that the conclusion is too hasty.
——是的, 只是结尾太仓促。
(4)宾语从句
引导宾语从句的that一般情况下, 可以省略。that后面的宾语从句较长或其他一些特殊情况下, that不能省略。
*I hope (that)you’ll be fine soon.
我希望你尽快康复。
3. 动词不定式的省略
(1)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时, 第一个带to, 后面可以省去to; 但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时, 则to不可省略。
*His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house.
他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。
(2)有些动词(词组), 如want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget等后面的不定式作宾语时, 为了避免重复, 可以省略动词只保留到to, 但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have, 这些动词就要保留。
*The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
这个男孩想在街上骑自行车, 可他妈妈不同意。
*He is not the man he used to be.
他已经不是原来的那个样子了。
(3)在某些句式中, 如介词but前有动词do的任何形式, 后面的不定式要省略to。
*I can do nothing but wait.
我能做的只有等待。
(4)感官动词(词组)see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to; 但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
*I saw him enter the room just now.
刚才我看见他进了房间。
*I didn’t know who made him cry.
我不知道谁把他惹哭了。
4. 虚拟语气中的省略
(1)在一坚持(insist), 二命令(order, command), 三建议(suggest, propose, advise), 四要求(demand, require, request, ask)等后的宾语从句中, 含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句, 以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that. . . 从句中常省略should。
*We insisted that they(should) go with us.
我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。
*It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。
(2)虚拟条件句常省略if, 而将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。
*Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话, 你就会见到她了。
5. 替代性省略
英语中, 可以使用so, not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
*—Can I put my bike here
我可以把自行车放在这儿吗
—You’d better not. 你最好不要。
6. 介词的省略
(1)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow等词之前, 一般可省略。
*We have a final exam every term.
每学期我们举行一次期末考试。
(2)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略, 而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money(in)doing sth. ;
have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth. ;
prevent/stop sb. (from)doing sth. 。
*I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有困难。
【即学活用】
把下面句子变为省略句
(1)She was poor but she was honest.
→She was poor but ______.
(2)It is a beautiful day, isn’t it
→____________, isn’t it
(3)When it is seen from the plane, the houses look like tiny toys.
→__________________, the houses look like tiny toys.
(4)—What do you think made Mary so upset
—Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.
→ —What do you think made Mary so upset
—____________________.
(5)The man that/who/whom you visited last night is my grandpa.
→The man __________last night is my grandpa.
(6)—Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday
—I was going to come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
→ —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday
—I ___________, but I had an unexpected visitor.
(7)My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to go to college.
→My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I _____________.
(8)If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
→_______________, I would be strict with my students.
(9)She was heard to sing last night.
→I _____________last night.
(10)—Do you think he is a good student
—I don’t think he is a good student.
→ —Do you think he is a good student
—I ________.
答案：
1.honest
2.Beautiful day
3.seen from the plane
4.Losing her new bicycle
5.you visited
6.was going to
7.didn’t want to
8.Were I a teacher
9.heard her sing
10.think notUnit 6-Section C Developing ideas
核心考点回顾
【claim】
claim v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命), 声称
*This war has claimed our right to learn, to know, and to dream about the future.
这场战争夺去了我们学习、了解和梦想未来的权利。
*Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大的突破。
*It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
据说有些医生每周工作80小时。
【语块积累】
(1)claim vt. 宣称, 断言; 索取, 认领
claim to do sth. 宣称去做某事
It is claimed that. . . 宣称……
(2)claim n. 声明, 断言; 索款, 索赔
make a claim for 提出对……的索赔
【not only...but also...】
Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts.
由62人组成, 它不仅包括救援人员和医务人员, 还包括地震专家。
【句式解构】
本句中not only. . . but also. . . 连接两个并列的谓语。
*Not only do I like this movie, but my mother also likes it.
不但我喜欢这部电影, 我的妈妈也很爱看它。
【名师点津】
not only. . . but also. . . 用法小结
not only. . . but also. . . 意为“不但……而且……”, 通常可以连接两个并列的谓语、宾语、表语、状语等, 还可以连接两个并列的句子。
(1)not only A but also B=B as well as A
(2)not only. . . but also. . . 连接两个分句时, 若not only位于句首, not only所在的分句要用部分倒装, but also后面的分句不倒装。
(3)not only. . . but also. . . 连接并列主语时, 谓语动词要遵循“就近一致原则”。
(4)not only只能连用, 而but also既可连用, 也可分开用, also也可省略。
【otherwise】
otherwise adv. 否则, 要不然
*There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it otherwise we’d get really sick.
到处都是水, 但是我们不能喝这些水, 否则我们会生病的。
* Shut the window, otherwise mosquitos will get in.
把窗户关好, 不然蚊子就会进来了。词汇复现
*We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we would have given you a hand.
我们当时不知道你遇到了困难, 要不然我们会帮助你的。
【语块积累】
otherwise conj. 否则; 不然(可以用于虚拟语气)
【reliable】
reliable adj. 可信赖的; 可靠的
*So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it’s best to check an official, scientific report.
所以, 为了准确可靠的预测, 最好是核实官方的科学报告。
*Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
有的学生根本就没有可用的车, 然而有的只得和一周上六天班的父母共用一辆车。
* It’s unreliable to judge a man only by his looks.
单凭容貌来判断一个人是不可靠的。
* You can rely on us to give your order immediate attention.
您的订单我们将立即处理, 请放心。
【语块积累】
(1)unreliable adj. 不可靠的
(2)rely v. 信任, 信赖; 依赖, 依靠
rely on/upon 依靠, 依仗
rely on sb. to do sth. =rely on sb. ‘s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
【rescue】
rescue v. 营救, 解救
*International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.
国际救援队很快开始抵达该国。
* He bravely went into the burning house to rescue the baby.
他勇敢地冲进烈火熊熊的屋子去救那个婴孩。
*The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailor from the sinking ship.
派出了救生艇去营救沉船上的船员。
【语块积累】
rescue sb. /sth. from. . . 把……从……营救出来
come to sb. ‘s rescue(=rescue sb. )援救某人
【shelter】
shelter n. 庇护, 掩蔽
*If you can’t get home in time, find other shelter as soon as you can.
如果你不能及时回家, 尽快找其他的避难所。
* Trees shelter the house from the wind.
树给房子挡住了风。
【语块积累】
shelter v. 保护; 掩蔽
shelter from 躲避(风雨或危险)
under the shelter of. . . 在……的庇护下
【the moment】
He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
暴风雨一来, 他就不见了。
【句式解构】
本句中的the moment作连词, 引导时间状语从句。
*He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.
他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。
*Every time I see the old man in the park, he is absorbed in reading papers.
每次我在公园里看到这位老人时, 他都在专注地看报纸。
【名师点津】
可作连词引导时间状语的还有: the last time, the minute, the second, the instant, each/every/next/any/last time, immediately, instantly, directly等。
【threaten】
threaten v. 威胁到; 危及
*It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9. 5 million people.
它导致了一场严重的食品危机, 危及超过950万人的生计。
*Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.
在现代社会, 野生动植物遭受到很大的威胁。
*David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
大卫恐吓说, 如果不赔偿他的损失, 就要把他的邻居告到警察那里。
【语块积累】
(1)threaten sb. with. . . 用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth. 威胁去做某事
(2)threat n. 威胁
a threat to sb. /sth. 对……的威胁
