Unit 2-Section C Developing ideas
核心考点回顾
【achievement】
achievement n. 成绩; 成就
*Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.
即便是小小的成功也会给你一种成就感。
*Tu Youyou has made great achievements in the medical field.
屠呦呦在医学领域取得了很大的成就。
*Finally he achieved his dream of becoming a teacher.
最后他实现了当老师的梦想。
【语块积累】
(1)make an achievement/ achievements in在……方面取得成就
a sense of achievement 一种成就感
(2)achieve vt. 实现(目标、理想等); 取得(胜利、成功等)
achieve one’s goal/dream/hope 实现目标/梦想/希望
achieve success 取得成功
【巧学助记】
一言巧记achieve
I’ve achieved only half of what I’d hoped, so I cannot celebrate the achievements I’ve made, although everyone said I should have a sense of achievement.
我只完成了原本希望的一半, 因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的成绩, 尽管每个人都说我应该有一种成就感。
【aid】
aid v. 帮助, 援助 n. 援助, 帮助
*One of the staff saw he was in difficulty and came to
his aid.
一名工作人员见他有困难, 便过来帮忙。
*A concert was given in aid of the flooded areas.
为了帮助洪涝灾区救灾筹款, 举行了一次音乐会。
*With the aid of my English teacher, I have made great progress this term.
在我的英语老师的帮助下, 我这个学期取得了很大的进步。
*Tom’s uncle aided him in getting a new job.
= Tom’s uncle aided him to get a new job.
汤姆的叔叔帮他找一个新工作。
【语块积累】
(1)come to one’s aid 援助某人
in aid of 为了帮助……, 用来协助……
with the aid of 借助……的协助
(2)aid sb. to do sth. =aid sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
【assistance】
assistance n. 帮助, 援助
*Despite his cries no one came to his assistance.
尽管他大声喊叫, 却没有人来帮助他。
*He can walk only with the assistance of crutches.
他只能在拐杖的辅助下走路。
*We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.
我们将帮你找个住的地方。
*Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.
两个人正配合警方的询问。
*Julia was assisting him to prepare his speech.
朱莉娅正在帮他准备演讲稿。
【语块积累】
(1)come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
with the assistance of 在……帮助下
(2)assist v. 帮助, 协助, 援助
assist sb. with 在……上帮助某人
assist sb. to do sth. =assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(3)assistant n. 助手, 助理
【feet短语】
rise to one’s feet 站起身来
*At the end of the celebration, we all rose to our feet cheering wildly.
庆典结束时, 我们都站了起来, 热烈地欢呼。
*The wounded soldier struggled to his feet and continued walking along with difficulty.
伤员挣扎着站了起来, 继续艰难地往前走。
*Hearing the good news, he jumped to his feet with great joy.
听到这个好消息, 他高兴地跳了起来。
*Now that you have grown up, you must learn to stand on your own feet.
既然你已经长大成人, 就得学会独立生活。
【语块积累】
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
jump to one’s feet 跳起
stand on one’s own feet 自立; 独立自主
【hesitate】
hesitate v. 迟疑, 犹豫
*Please don’t hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble with your study.
不论什么时候学习遇到困难, 请马上找我们帮忙。
*If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal.
如果在漫长的来回学校的路上有学生饿了, 威尔逊会毫不犹豫地去给他们买吃的。
*She hesitated about/at/over the choice between the two dresses.
这两件衣服该选哪一件, 她犹豫不决。
*Once I decide what I want to do, I will do it without hesitation.
我一旦决定我想去做什么, 我会毫不犹豫地去做。
【语块积累】
(1)hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
hesitate about/at/over (doing) sth. 对……犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫, 踌躇
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
【major】
major adj. 重要的; 主要的 n. 主修课程; 主修学生vi. 主修; 专门研究
*Hard work was a major factor in his success.
辛勤工作是他成功的一个主要因素。
*He majors in maths in college.
他在大学主修数学。
*Among the members of the team those who are for the plan are in the majority.
队员中赞成这个计划的占大多数。
*The majority is/are in favor of the suggestion.
大多数人赞成这个建议。
*The majority of people in the town strongly support the plan to build a playground for children.
镇上大部分人强烈支持为孩子们修建一个操场的计划。
【语块积累】
(1)major in 主修……
(2)majority n. 大多数
in the majority 占多数
(3)minority n. 少数
【名师点睛】
the majority作主语时, 若强调整体, 谓语动词用单数;
若强调个体, 谓语动词用复数。
当“the majority of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
【treatment】
treatment n. 治疗; 疗法; 对待; 待遇; 处理
*She adopted the abandoned girl and treated her like/as one of the family.
她收养了这个被遗弃的女孩并把她当做家人对待。
*Jim treated the little boy for his broken leg.
吉姆医治了那个小男孩骨折的腿。
*They are advised to treat their son’s cold with common drugs.
他们被建议用普通药物来治疗儿子的感冒。
【语块积累】
treat vt. 对待, 看待; 款待, 招待; 治疗；n. 款待, 招待
treat. . . like/as. . . 把……看作……
treat sb. for. . . 治疗某人的……(疾病)
treat. . . with. . . 用……款待/治疗……
【易混辨析】
treat 意为“医治, 治疗”, 强调治疗的过程或治疗的动作, 不涉及治疗的结果。
cure 意为“治愈, 治好”强调结果, 常用于“cure sb. of sth. (治愈好某人的……病)”结构。Unit 2-Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
核心考点回顾
【contribute】
contribution n. 贡献; 捐献; 投稿
*Yuan Longping made great contributions to the development of agriculture.
袁隆平为农业的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
*More and more people are willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.
越来越多的人愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
*His visit contributed to a better understanding between the two countries.
他的来访增进了两国间更好的理解。
【语块积累】
(1)make contributions to 对…做出贡献
(2)contribute v. 是…的原因之一; 捐赠, 捐献
contribute. . . to. . . 把…捐献给…; 给…撰稿
contribute to 为…做出贡献; 有助于, 增进; 导致; 给…投稿
【control】
under control 在控制中
*The officer said the situation was under control.
这位官员称局面已经得到控制。
*Firemen said they had brought the big fire under control.
消防员说他们已经把大火控制住了。
*The car was out of control and knocked into a tree.
轿车失去了控制, 撞到一棵树上。
*You’ve got to learn to control yourself.
你得学会自我控制。
【语块积累】
take control of 控制; 接管
bring sth. under control 控制某事/物
lose control of 失去对……的控制
out of control 失去控制
control oneself 控制自己
【donate】
donate vt. 捐赠
*Would you like to donate an unusual gift
你是否想要赠送一份特殊的礼物
*On receiving their letter, I decided to make a donation to help their campaign.
一收到他们的信我就决定捐赠资助他们的活动。
*Medical science has proved that donating blood is good for the donor both physically and spiritually.
医疗科学证实: 献血有益于献血者的身心健康。
【归纳拓展】
(1)donate sth. to. . . 向……捐赠某物
(2)donation n. [C]捐赠物；[U]捐赠, 赠送
make a donation(donations) 捐赠
(3)donor n. 捐赠者
【effective】
effective adj. 有效的, 产生预期效果的
*Now we need volunteer managers aged 25—75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.
现在我们需要25到75岁的志愿者管理人员。他们对我们各项方案的安全和有效运作极为重要。
*Every word from the parents will have an effect on their children.
家长说的每一句话都将对孩子产生影响。
*The suggestions were adopted and would be brought/put/carried into effect.
这些建议得到了采纳, 并被付诸实施。
【语块积累】
effect n. 效果, 作用; 影响
have an effect on 对……有影响
bring/carry/put. . . into effect 使……实施/生效
come into effect=take effect 开始生效, 开始实施
in effect=in fact/in reality 事实上; 实际上
【relief】
relief n. 减轻, 缓解
*To their parents’ relief, the children were sent to the hospital safely and took the medicine that relieved them of their pain.
父母感到宽慰的是, 孩子们已被安全地送到了医院, 并且吃下了缓解他们疼痛的药。
*It was a great relief to find that my family were all safe.
看到我的家人安然无恙, 我感到极大的欣慰。
【语块积累】
(1)to one’s relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
in relief 轻松地
It is a relief to do sth. 做某事很放心/舒心
(2)relieve v. (疼痛/问题)减轻, 缓解
relieve sb. of. . . 使某人摆脱……
【shortage】
shortage n. 短缺, 不足, 缺乏
*The bad harvest led to severe food shortages.
歉收造成食物严重短缺。
*WTO is short for the World Trade Organization.
WTO是世界贸易组织的缩写。
*I cannot help you because I am short of money too.
我帮不了你, 因为我也缺钱。
*A shepherd’s name was Thomas, but he was called Tom for short.
一个牧羊人的名字叫汤姆斯, 不过别人都简称他为汤姆。
*In short, my life will be much richer and more colorful.
总之, 我的生活将更加丰富多彩。
【语块积累】
short adj. 短的; 短缺的, 紧俏的
be short for 是……的缩写/简称
be short of 缺少; 缺乏
for short 简称; 缩写为
in short 总之, 简言之
to be short 简单地说
【巧学助记】
UN is short for the United Nations. So, we call it UN for short. In the past, the world was short of fairness. But, nowadays, with the help of UN, we are living in a fair world. In short, I believe, the world will become better and better!
UN是联合国的简称, 因此, 我们简称联合国是UN。在过去, 世界缺乏公平。但是现在, 在联合国的帮助下, 我们生活在一个公平的世界中。总之, 我相信世界将会变得越来越好!
【结果状语从句】
And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick
为什么水这么脏以至于让他们生病了
【句式解构】
本句中so. . . that. . . 意为“如此……以至于……”, 其中so为副词, 修饰形容词dirty; that为连词, 引导结果状语从句。
(1)so. . . that. . . 引导的结果状语从句:
so+adj. /adv. +that. . .
so+adj. +a/an+单数名词+that. . .
so+ many/few+可数名词复数+ that. . .
so+ much/little+不可数名词+that. . .
(2)such. . . that. . . 引导的结果状语从句:
such+a/an+adj. +单数名词+that. . .
such+adj. +可数名词复数/不可数名词+that. . .
(3)为强调so. . . that. . . 引导的句式中的形容词或副词, 可以把so放在句首, 主句中用部分倒装结构。
*She was so excited that she couldn’t say anything.
她是如此激动以至于说不出话来。
*They played so happily that they forgot the time.
他们玩得如此愉快以至于忘了时间。
*He is so good a boy that we all like him.
他是如此好的一个男孩以至于我们都喜欢他。
*This is such an interesting book that I like to read it.
这是一本如此有趣的书以至于我很喜欢读它。
【名师点津】
so little还是such little
当名词前有little, 若little 意为“少”, 表示数量时, 则其前用so修饰;
若little 意为“小”, 则用such 修饰。
【比较级】
The more wells you dig, the better the world will be.
你挖的井越多, 世界就越好。
【句式解构】
本句中“The more. . . , the better. . . ”为“the+比较级……, the+比较级……”句型, 意为“越……, 越……”, 表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。
*The more you practice, the better your spoken English will be.
你练习得越多, 你的英语口语就会越好。
*My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
我的家乡正在变得越来越美。
【名师点津】
(1)“the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . . ”句型意为“越……, 越……”。第一个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于条件状语从句, 表程度; 第二个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于主句, 表结果;
(2)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Unit 2-Section B Using language
核心考点回顾
【过去分词作定语】
【语用功能】
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析, 过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性, 可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系, 表示被动和完成。
【学前热身】
观察上面图片及对话, 完成下列题目
(1)图片对话中, 属于过去分词的是______, 在句中作_____。
(2)图片中boiling water意为: _____________, boiled water意为: _____。由此可知, 这个女孩马上能喝的是______water。
答案：
1.boiled；定语
2.正在沸腾的水；开水；boiled
【要义详析】
一、过去分词作定语的意义
1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语, 具有完成和被动两层含义。
steamed bread 馒头
boiled water 开水
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语, 只表示动作的完成, 无被动之意。
a fallen tree 一棵倒下的树
a retired worker 一位退休工人
【即学活用】汉译英
①受伤的工人 _______ workers
②受感动的学生们 ______ students
③浇过的花 _______ flowers
④落叶 _____ leaves
⑤归国留学生 ________ students from abroad
答案：
1.injured
2.moved
3.watered
4.fallen
5.returned
二、过去分词作定语的位置
1. 有些过去分词作定语既可前置也可后置, 意义不变, 但有些过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同, 则意义也不相同。
*All the broken windows have been repaired.
=All the windows broken have been repaired.
所有坏了的窗户都已经修理好了。
*The method used is very efficient.
所用的这个方法很有效。
*This is a used car worth only 5, 000 yuan.
这是一辆只值5 000元的旧车。
2. 单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前;
过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。
*The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.
政府决定重新修建那座被毁坏的大桥。
*I am fond of the food cooked by your mother.
=I am fond of the food that is cooked by your mother.
我很喜欢你妈妈做的饭菜。
【名师点津1】
有些过去分词表示特定含义, 单独作定语也放在被修饰的名词之后, 如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等。
另外, 单个过去分词作定语修饰代词时, 应该放在被修饰的词后面。
*There is a little time left. Let’s hurry up.
剩余时间不多了, 咱们快点吧。
*He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
【名师点津2】
有些表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经完全形容词化, 常见的这类过去分词有: disappointed(失望的), moved(感动的), interested(感兴趣的), surprised(感到惊讶的), shocked(震惊的, 震撼的), puzzled(迷惑不解的), frightened(受惊吓的)等。
【即学活用】
(1)句型转换
①The house which was built 100 years ago stood still after the earthquake.
→The house _________________stood still after theearthquake.
②I like the gift which is given by my best friend for my birthday.
→I like the gift ___________________________________.
(2)The ____________(被污染的河)gives off a terrible smell.
(3)The _____________(激动的人们)finally cooled down.
(4)He was then a teacher _________________________(受所有学生尊敬的).
(5)Most of the guests _________________________(被邀请到我的生日晚会的)were my school friends.
答案：
1.built 100 years ago；given by my best friend for my birthday
2.polluted river
3.excited people
4.respected by all the students
5.invited to my birthday party
三、不同非谓语动词形式作定语的区别
过去分词作定语 表示被动或完成
现在分词作定语 表示主动或进行
现在分词的被动形式作定语 表被动和进行
不定式作定语 表示将要发生的动作
*The meeting held yesterday was very important.
昨天开的会非常重要。
*Who is the man working there 在那儿工作的那个人是谁
*The bike being repaired is mine. 正在修的自行车是我的。
*Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing
你想见那位将从北京被请来的医生吗
【即学活用】语法填空
①There are many beautifully _________(decorate) houses in our area.
②The idea _________(present) by Peter is much simpler.
③This is the problem ______________(discuss) now.
④The airport ______________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
⑤Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _____(spend) with his students.
答案：
1.decorated
2.presented
3.being discussed
4.to be completed
5.spent
