Unit 4-Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
核心考点回顾
【as if】
They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing.
它们真的会穿越几个世纪来到我们身边, 就好像时间会倒流一样。
【句式解构】
该句为复合句, as if 引导方式状语从句, 意为“好像, 似乎”, 相当于as though。
as if既可以引导方式状语从句, 也可以引导表语从句。
从句中可用陈述语气, 也可以使用虚拟语气。
*The teacher treats the disabled student kindly as if he were her own child.
老师和蔼可亲地对待那位身有残疾的学生, 就好像他是自己的孩子一样。
*When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
当从食物中除去脂肪和盐时, 食物尝起来就像是缺少了什么。
*It looks as if the boy who is crying loudly has lost his way.
那个正在大哭的男孩看上去好像迷路了。
【名师点津】
as if从句虚拟语气用法小结
as if从句使用虚拟语气时, 其形式为:
谓语动词
(1)表示与现在事实相反 用一般过去时, be动词常用were
(2)表示与过去事实相反 用过去完成时had done
(3)表示与将来事实相反 用would/could/might+动词原形
【知识延伸】
如果as if引导的从句中主语和主句的主语一致, 且从句中含有系动词be的变化形式时, 从句中的主语和系动词都可省略。as if后可直接加动词不定式、分词、名词或介词短语。
*The girl stood at the gate of their house as if (she was) waiting for her parents.
*He cleared his throat as if (he was) to begin his class.
【battle】
battle n. 战役; 战斗; v. 搏斗; 奋斗; 斗争
*It’s an uphill battle but I think we’re going to win.
虽然这是一场艰苦的斗争, 但我相信我们会取得胜利。
*It was one of the most crucial battles in the whole war.
那是整个战争中最关键的战役之一。
*Thousands of people battled with police and several were wounded.
数千人与警方发生冲突, 有数人在冲突中受伤。
【语块积累】
battle with /against sb. /sth. (for sth. )(为了…)与…作斗争
【exhibition】
exhibition n. 展出, 展览; (一批)展览品
*The opening of the exhibition has been postponed because of the heavy rain.
由于下大雨, 展览会开幕的日期延迟了。
*People at the party were embarrassed when Frank got drunk and made an exhibition of himself.
弗兰克喝醉了, 出尽洋相, 使参加聚会的人很难为情。
*His work was exhibited in many galleries in America, Europe and Asia.
他的作品在美洲、欧洲和亚洲许多美术馆展出。
*The friendly and patient guide showed the tourists around the exhibits.
友好并且耐心的导游带游客们参观了展品。
【语块积累】
(1)make an exhibition of oneself出洋相; 当众出丑
(2)exhibit v. 展览; 展出; 表现, 显示
n. (一件)展览品, 陈列品
【fold】
fold v. 折叠, 对折; 包; 裹
*The old lady folded the letter carefully and put it in an envelope.
这位老妇人小心地将信折好放进信封。
*Before the trip, he folded the map up and put it into his bag.
旅行之前, 他将地图折叠好并放进书包。
*The young mother gently folded her baby in a blanket.
年轻的母亲轻轻地把婴儿裹在毯子里。
【语块积累】
fold sth. up 折叠, 把……折叠起来
fold in 加入, 调入
【greet】
greet v. 问候, 迎接, 招呼
*The waiters are asked to greet the foreign guests by the manager at the gate.
经理要求服务员在大门口迎接外国来宾。
*Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.
数以百计的粉丝涌到机场去迎接他们。
*She is such an outgoing girl that she always greets us with a smile.
她是一个如此开朗的女孩, 总是微笑着和我们打招呼。
*With the Spring Festival approaching, Chairman Xi sends his greetings to all the Chinese at home and abroad.
新春佳节来临之际, 习近平主席向海内外中华儿女致以新春的问候。
【语块积累】
(1)greet sb. (with sth. )和某人打招呼(问好, 迎接)
(2)greeting n. 问候, 招呼, 迎接, 致意
问候的话, 祝词, 贺词(常用复数)
【look短语】
look into one’s eyes看着某人的双眼
*Look into my eyes, and you will see what you mean to me.
看着我的眼睛, 你就会知道你对我而言意味着什么。
*When I look into my children’s eyes, I feel such gratitude for having been given these miraculous gifts.
当我看着孩子们的眼睛时, 我为能够被给予这样神奇的礼物而感到感恩和感谢。
*The kids look forward to going to the zoo with their parents at weekends.
周末, 孩子们期盼着和父母去动物园。
*You had better look through the bill before you pay for the meal.
付款前你最好浏览一下账单。
【导图理词】
【load】
load n. 某物的量; 负荷; 装载; 负担 vt. 装; 装载
*The plane from Beijing to Shanghai took off with a full load.
从北京飞往上海的飞机满载起飞。
*Though he was new in the class, he has made a load of new friends.
尽管他是班里的新同学, 他也已经交了许多新朋友。
*Get a load of the wonderful embroidery, and you will find how amazing it is.
仔细看那幅刺绣作品, 你就会发现它是多么令人惊叹。
*What the doctor said took a load off the patient’s mind.
医生说的话让患者如释重负。
*Workers are loading the truck with goods in the hot sun.
工人们正在炎炎烈日下将货物装上卡车。
【语块积累】
a load of/loads of 很多, 许多
get a load of. . . 注意, 仔细看
take a load off one’s mind使某人如释重负
be loaded with(load sb. /sth. with) (用某物)装载……
【push短语】
push around把……推来推去、差来遣去, 摆布
*Don’t push me around any more , you really make me feel sick.
不要再随意支配我啦, 你真让我难受。
*I’m not going to be pushed around by you or anybody!
我不会受你或任何人摆布!
【语块积累】
push off 出发, 启程, 离开
push on 继续前进; 沿着某人的路继续或前进
push ahead 继续进行(或推行)行动路线(或政策)
【seem】
seem v. 似乎; 好像; 仿佛
*The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.
环境的挑战是巨大的, 但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局作出的努力看起来获得了成功。
*What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.
学生在大学里的表现比就读于哪所大学更重要。
*He seems to have finished his homework in advance.
他似乎已经提前完成家庭作业了。
*It seemed that the teacher appreciated what I did for my classmates.
老师好像很欣赏我为同学们做的一切。
【语块积累】
(1)seem to do/to be doing/to have done
看起来要做/正在做/已经做
(2)it seems (to sb. ) that/as if. . .
(对某人来说)似乎……; 好像……
【名师点津】
seem后面接动词不定式时, 句子主语必须是具体的人或物。
【形式主语it】
About 35, 000 works are currently being displayed in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything!
现在, 大约有三万五千部作品在卢浮宫的三百多个房间里进行展览, 看完所有的作品将会花费你一生的时间!
【句式解构】
该句为并列句, it would take a lifetime to see everything中, it 为形式主语, to see everything为真正的主语。
*It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
防晒霜需要15分钟才能起作用, 这是皮肤吸收一天所需维生素D的时间。
*On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁在想要多久才能到那里。
【名师点津】
It takes sb. some time to do sth. =sb. spend some time doing sth.
意为“某人花费时间做某事”, it 在句子中为形式主语, 不定式短语to do sth. 是句子真正的主语。take表“需要”之意。Unit 4-Section C Developing ideas
核心考点回顾
【by accident】
by accident 偶然; 无意中; 不小心
*A caterpillar does not become a butterfly by accident.
毛毛虫蜕变成蝴蝶并不是因为一场意外。
*I found this picture by accident, and it reminds me of something in life.
发现这张图片纯属偶然, 它让我想起了生活中的一些事。
*This doesn’t happen by chance; it happens by design.
这不是偶然发生的, 而是故意为之。
*I took your umbrella home by mistake yesterday, which made me embarrassed.
我昨天错把你的伞拿回家, 这让我很尴尬。
【语块积累】
by accident=by chance 无意地
by design=on purpose 故意地
by mistake 错误地
by means of 依靠, 借助于
by no means 一点也不, 决不
【fond】
be fond of 爱好, 喜欢
*He should be fond of painting, which surprised me.
他竟然喜欢绘画, 这使我感到惊奇。
* We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.
我们非常喜欢我们的高智商, 所以当涉及到脑力时, 我们认为越多就越好。
*It’s human nature for parents to be fond of their children.
父母爱孩子是人类的天性。
【语块积累】
be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事
be fond of sb. 喜欢某人
【frequent】
frequent adj. 经常发生的, 频繁的
*Our factory has frequent contacts with the neighbouring villages.
我们厂和附近村庄经常来往。
*She gives frequent performances of her work , both at home and abroad.
她经常在国内外演出自己的作品。
*Tourist buses run frequently between the city and the airport during holidays.
假期期间, 观光巴士频繁地来往于市区与机场之间。
*Traffic accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years.
近年来交通事故发生的频率已经下降。
【语块积累】
(1)frequently adv. 频繁地; 经常 (=often)
(2)frequency n. 频率
【熟词生义】
*He used to frequent the town’s bars and night-clubs.(v. 常到, 常去)
【known短语】
be known for 因……而闻名
*Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province is known for fine porcelain.
江西景德镇以精美的瓷器而闻名。
*Luxun is known as a writer whose novels play an important role in the history of literature.
鲁迅作为一名作家而闻名, 他的小说在文学史上起着重要的作用。
*The man was known to the police because of previous convictions.
因为有犯罪前科, 警察们都认识这个人。
【语块积累】
be known for=be famous for 因……而闻名, 后接原因
be known as=be famous as 作为……而闻名, 后接身份, 职业等
be known to 为……所知, 后接某些人, 团体或地域
【lack】
lack v. &n. 缺乏, 没有; 不足
*Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
在19个公认的北极熊亚群中, 3个正在下降, 6个保持稳定, 1个正在增加, 9个缺乏足够的数据。
*We discontinued the project because of a lack of funds .
由于资金短缺, 我们中止了这个项目。
*Obviously, he did not succeed for the lack of experience.
很显然, 他因为缺少经验而没能成功。
*The young lady seems to be totally lacking in common sense.
这位年轻的女士似乎一点常识都没有。
【语块积累】
(1)lack sth. 缺少某物(lack v. )
(2)lack of. . . 缺少……(lack n. )
for lack of 因为缺少……
(3)lacking adj. 缺少的, 缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少(品质、特点等), 在……方面不足
【名师点津】
(1)lack虽然是及物动词, 但不能用于被动语态。
(2)在动词lack后面不要加介词in或of, lack作名词时, 后面常接介词of。
【regard】
be regarded as 被视作; 被认为;
*Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures.
在许多文化中, 山被认为是灵魂之地。
*Parents should praise child’s effort regardless of whether he wins or loses in the exam.
不管孩子在考试中输赢与否, 家长都应该表扬孩子所做出的努力。
*The driver had very little to say regarding the accident.
关于这次事故, 司机无话可说。
【语块积累】
(1)regard v. 认为, 看待
regard. . . as. . . 把……看作……
=consider/treat/view/look on. . . as. . .
(2)regardless adv. 不管, 不加理会
regardless of 不管, 不顾
(3)regarding prep. 关于
【shade】
shade n. (色彩的)浓淡, 深浅, 色度; 阴凉处; (树)荫;
v. 给……遮挡(光线); 把……涂暗; 画阴影
*I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.
从我站的地方, 我数了数有十二种绿色。
* We took a nap in the shade of a large tree.
我们在树荫下面打了一个盹。
* I tried hard but her work put mine in the shade.
我费了很大力气, 但她的成果让我相形见绌。
* You can’t look directly into it, and please shade your eyes or close them altogether.
你不能直视它, 请遮住眼睛或索性闭上。
【语块积累】
a delicate/pale/heavy/soft shade of +颜色 淡/浅/浓/柔和的……
in the shade of 在……的阴影下
put sb. /sth. in the shade使(某人或事物)黯然失色; 使相形见绌
【sponsor】
sponsor v. 资助, 倡议; n. 赞助者, 发起人, 主办方
*The senator announced that he would sponsor the health care plan.
这位参议员宣布他将发起这一保健计划。
*A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation.
有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们。
*We don’t know who is the sponsor of the research program.
我们不知道谁是这个研究项目的发起人。
*The sponsor of the project asked the designer to revise the plan.
项目的主办方要求设计师修改方案。
【语块积累】
sponsor a meeting 主办一次会议
sponsor a show 赞助一次展览
【比较级】
The more time he spent observing these animals, the more his understanding of them grew.
他观察这些动物的时间越长, 对它们的了解就越深。
【句式解构】
该句为“the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . . ”结构, 意思为“越……, 就越……”。第一个“the+比较级”相当于一个状语从句, 第二个“the+比较级”相当于主句。
*The harder you work, the more achievements you will get in your work.
你工作越努力, 你获得的成就就越多。
*Usually, the stranger the idea is, the more it gets noticed.
通常, 想法越奇怪, 就会得到越多的关注。
*The more you practise, the more skillful you will become.
你练习得越多, 就越熟练。
【名师点津】
the+比较级. . . the+比较级. . .
“the+比较级, the+比较级”, 表示在程度上后者随前者的变化而变化, 意为“越……就越……”。
前面的句子用一般现在时, 后面的句子用一般将来时或者一般现在时; 或者前后的句子都用一般过去时。
本结构可以用省略形式。例如: The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
【感叹句】
What a magnificent horse! 多么壮观的马啊!
【句式解构】
该句为what 引导的感叹句, 基本结构为What+a/an+adj. +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
*What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had a good time together.
真可惜! 你错过了观光, 不然我们本应该在一起玩得很开心的。
*What wonderful ideas we have!
我们的想法太棒了!
*What bad weather it is! You’d better stay at home.
天气太糟糕了! 你最好待在家里。
*How beautiful the fresh flowers are! And you must take good care of them.
这些鲜花多美啊! 你一定要好好照顾它们。
*How clever a boy he is! He has won many prizes in this field.
多么聪明的男孩啊! 他在这个领域获得了很多奖项。
【名师点津】
what/how引导的感叹句句式
(1)由what引导的感叹句形式:
What+a/an+adj. +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What+adj. +不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What+adj. +可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!
(2)由how引导的感叹句形式:
How+adj. / adv. (+主语+谓语)!
How+adj. +a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
【it作形式主语】
It is said that when the Emperor asked Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher, the artist replied, “I have my own teachers, Your Majesty. All the horses in your stables are my very teachers. ”
据说, 当皇帝让韩干把一位画马大师当做老师时, 这位艺术家回答说: “陛下, 我有自己的老师。您马厩里所有的马都是我的老师。”
【句式解构】
该句为复合句, 句中“it is said that从句”为“it+be+过去分词+that从句”结构。在该结构中, it为形式主语, that从句为真正的主语。
*It is said that the scene of sunrise there is very beautiful, but I had never seen it before.
据说那里的日出很美, 但我从来没见过。
*It is suggested that students (should) be encouraged to read more printed books instead of e-books.
我们建议学生们应该被鼓励多阅读印刷书籍而不是电子书。
*It is reported that the recently discovered painting may be painted by Picasso.
据报道最新发现的绘画可能是毕加索的作品。
【名师点津】
(1)“it+be+过去分词+that从句”结构是常用的表达。常见的表达有:
It is said that. . . 据说……
It is reported that. . . 据报道……
It is believed that. . . 人们认为/相信……
It is hoped that. . . 人们希望……
表示建议、命令、请求等: It is suggested / ordered / requested / required / insisted that. . . 句型中用“(should)+动词原形”
(2)有的“It is+过去分词+that从句”结构可与“sb. /sth.
is+过去分词+to do. . . ”结构相互转换。
It is said that he lived abroad, but we don’t know which country he lived in.
=He is said to have lived abroad, but we don’t know which country he lived in. Unit 4-Section B Using language
核心考点回顾
【现在进行时的被动语态】
【语用功能】
现在进行时的被动语态体现了句子中动词的时态和语态, 是人们日常交流常用的表达方式。
【学前热身】
观察上面对话, 并完成句子:
(1)The story _______________by Jim.
不是吉姆在读这个故事。
(2)An orange ____________by her.
她正在吃橘子。
(3)When is the sports meeting _____________________
我校将在什么时候举行运动会
(4)Is a new library __________in their school now
他们学校现在正在建一座新图书馆吗
答案：
1.is not being read
2.is being eaten
3.being held in our school
4.being built
【要义详析】
一、现在进行时的被动语态的结构
肯定句 be(am/is/are)+being done
否定句 be(am/is/are)+not+being done
一般疑问句 be(am/is/are)+主语+being done
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+being done
二、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1. 表示现阶段正被进行的动作。
*Many tall buildings are being built, and people will move in next year.
许多高楼都在建设中, 人们明年将搬进去。
*These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon.
以如此速度捕杀动物, 他们很快就会消失。
2. 表示此刻正被进行的动作。
*The question is being discussed at the meeting now.
这个问题现在正在会上被讨论。
*Another bridge is being built over the Changjiang River at present.
目前长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
3. 表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作。
*Next week, our school is being inspected by many specialists.
下星期, 许多专家将来我们学校视察。
*The 24th Olympic Winter Games is being held in Beijing in 2022.
第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会将于2022年在北京举行。
4. 表示一种经常性的被动行为, 常和always, constantly, frequently等表示频率的副词连用, 这种用法常常带有说话者的赞扬或厌恶的感彩。
*The clothes are always being washed by my mother.
衣服总是由我妈妈来洗。
*The fitness equipment in the park is always being damaged by some naughty boys.
公园里的健身器材总是被调皮的男孩破坏。
三、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题
1. take care of, look after, talk about, think of等动词短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时, 其中的介词不可省略。
*The children are being taken good care of by their grandmother.
那些孩子正由他们的祖母好好照看着。
2. 在现在进行时的被动语态中be为第一助动词, being为第二助动词, 缺一不可, 且位置不可互换。此结构若缺少being, 则就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。试比较:
*The moving story is being read by a student in a soft voice.
这个感人的故事正在由一名学生轻声读着。
*The moving story is read well by a student. 一名学生将这个感人的故事读得很好。
(一般现在时被动语态)
3. “be(am/is/are)+under/in+n. ”有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态。
*The bridge is under construction.
=The bridge is being constructed.
这座桥正在建设之中。
4. 非延续性动词、表示存在意义、所属关系、静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
*It is known to us that Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知, 台湾是中国的领土。
【知识延伸】
一些表示状态、心理活动、 拥有、存在等的动词, 和主动语态一样, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或现阶段进行的被动动作。
*Martial art is loved by more and more people, especially some foreigners.
武术被越来越多的人喜爱, 尤其是外国人。
*The large house is owned by the young man.
这所大房子归这个年轻人所有。
【即学活用】
(1)A new student dormitory _______________________.
在我们学校正在建一幢新宿舍。
(2)The new film Nezha _________________________. Let’s go to see it.
电影院里新影片《哪吒》正在放映呢, 咱们去看吧。
(3)Traditional folk arts like paper cutting ____________________.
像剪纸这样的传统民间艺术将会在文化展上被展出。
(4)I feel very puzzled that the goods in our shop_________________
我感到很迷惑, 我们商店的商品总是被偷。
答案：
1.is being built in our school
2.is being shown in the theatre
3.are being exhibited at the culture show
4.are always being stolen
