Unit 5-Section B Using language
核心考点回顾
【过去将来时】
过去将来时(Past future)
【语用功能】
该时态表示从过去的时间段来看还没有发生的动作等。
【学前热身】
观察上面对话, 黑体部分时态为过去将来时。
【要义详析】
一、表示过去的某种习惯性行为, 只用would。
*Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时, 他总会给予帮助。
二、表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态。
*He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.
他说他要在车站等我们的。
*She hoped that they would meet again someday.
她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。
三、表示过去将来时的几种结构。
1. was/were about to do这种结构表示“正要、即将”。
*He was about to be transferred to a seaside town.
他正要被调往一座海滨小城。
2. was/were going to do这种结构表示准备、计划做某事, 或将要发生某事。
*She was not going to do anything that evening.
那天晚上她不准备做任何事。
*When they arrived the plane was just going to take off.
飞机正要起飞时他们到了。
3. was/were due to do这种结构表示“定于(某时做某事)”。
*The ship was due to leave at mid-night.
船定于午夜起航。
*The talk was due to last for three days.
谈话将要进行三天。
4. was/were on the point of doing这种结构表示“正要……时”。
*He was on the point of leaving when we came in.
我们进来时, 他正要动身。
5. go, come, leave, take off等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。
*A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks.
有许多人要来观看焰火。
*She told mother that she was going to a dance with Tom.
她告诉母亲, 她要和汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。
【易错精点】
这些动作表示短暂意义, 延续性动词不能用于该结构。
6. 过去将来时还可以用来表示非真实的动作或状态。
*If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Harvard University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话, 我就会去哈佛大学。
7. was/were to do这种结构表示曾计划做某事, 如果计划的事情没有实现, 要用不定式的完成式。
*She said she was to have taken up the position, but later changed her mind.
她说她本打算承担这个职务的, 但是后来改变了主意。
【即学活用】
1. I didn’t know when he ______ ___ __ the park.
我不知道他什么时候去公园。
2. He said that he ______ ____for me at the school gate.
他说他会在学校门口等我。
3. She told me she ____ _____ __ ___ __ Yunnan.
她告诉我她要飞往云南。
4. I ____ _____ __ _____ the house when the telephone rang.
电话铃响时, 我正要离开房子。 世纪金榜导学号
5. She said she ____ __ ____ ___ the position.
她说她要承担这个职务。
答案：
1.would go to
2.would wait
3.was going to fly to
4.was about to leave
5.was to take upUnit 5-Section C Developing ideas
核心考点回顾
【ahead】
ahead adv. 在前面
*Ahead of its time, the submarine is also a secret from the rest of the world.
早期, 潜艇也是世界其他地方的秘密。
*—May I start now
——我现在可以开始了吗
—Yes. Go ahead.
——可以, 开始吧。
* If you want to move ahead in your job, take advice from more experienced workers.
你若想在工作中有所长进, 应求教于更富有经验的工人。
【语块积累】
be ahead of 在…之前; 在…前方; 提前; 超过
go ahead 继续向前; 说吧; 干吧; 请吧
ahead of time 提前
ahead of schedule (比原计划或规定时间)提前
look ahead 向前看; 为前途考虑
get ahead of 超过; 胜过
【astonish】
astonish vt. 使吃惊, 使惊讶
*The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, astonished me by its power.
阳光照亮了海面下三十英尺深的土地, 它的力量使我大吃一惊。
*It astonished me that she had changed so little.
她几乎没怎么改变, 这让我很惊讶。
*The servant looked at the box for a long time, and then her eyes opened wide in astonishment.
仆人看了那个匣子很长时间, 然后她的眼睛惊讶地睁大了。
【语块积累】
(1)It astonishes sb. that. . . 使某人吃惊的是……
(2)astonished adj. 吃惊的, 惊讶的
be astonished at/by. . . 被……惊吓; 对……惊讶
be astonished to do. . . 做某事感到惊讶
(3)astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的
(4)astonishment n. 惊讶, 吃惊
in/with astonishment 惊异地; 吃惊地
to one’s astonishment 令人吃惊的是
【beneath】
beneath prep. 在……之下, 在……正下方
*What do you know about the world beneath the surface of the oceans
你对海底世界了解多少
* The soil felt soft beneath our feet.
我们脚下的土踩上去很松软。
【易错辨析】
beneath “在……下面”, 指两者接触, 与on相对
below 在斜下方, 强调不在正下方, 与above相对
under 强调在正下方, 与over相对
【charge】
in charge 负责; 掌管
*They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge, Captain Nemo. 他们被捕获并带进了潜艇, 在那里他们遇到了负责人, 尼摩船长。
*Mr Green is in charge of this factory.
格林先生管理这家工厂。
*This factory is in the charge of Mr Green.
这家工厂由格林先生负责管理。
*She charged me two dollars for fixing my iPad.
她要我付两美元修理我的平板电脑。
*At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged.
起初, 一份报纸的价格很低, 只要一便士, 通常就是要两分或三分钱。
【语块积累】
(1)charge n. 费用; 主管; 看管; 责任
in charge of 负责; 主管(表示主动); 照料
in sb. ‘s charge=in the charge of sb. 由……主管(含被动意义)
take charge of 掌管; 控制
free of charge 免费
(2)charge vi. & vt. 收费, 控诉, 要价, 指控
charge(sb. ) for sth. 为……(向某人)收费; 要价
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
【permit】
permit vt. & vi. 允许, 准许, 许可
*In order to keep this secret, Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine.
为了保守这个秘密, 尼莫船长告诉他的三名新乘客, 不允许他们离开潜艇。
*We don’t permit smoking in the office.
我们不允许在办公室吸烟。
*You cannot enter a military base without permission.
没有允许你不得擅入军事基地。
【语块积累】
(1) permit doing sth. 允许做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit sb. sth. 允许某人某事
(2) permission n. 允许; 准许; 许可
ask sb. for permission=ask permission from sb. 请求某人许可
【relate】
relate v. 相联系, 有关联; 讲述
*Words are not enough to relate such wonders!
语言不足以描述这样的奇迹!
*These two events were related to each other.
这两个事件相互有联系。
*Your statement doesn’t relate well with the facts.
你的说法与事实不太符合。
*The library is quite small in relation to the total population of the town.
那个图书馆相对于该市的总人口来说太小了。
【语块积累】
(1)relate. . . to/with. . . 把……和……联系起来
relate to 涉及; 和……有联系; 理解
(2)related adj. 有关联的; 讲述的
(3)relation n. 关系; 联系; 亲戚
in relation to 关于, 涉及
【surround】
surround v. 围绕; 环绕
*Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earth’s atmosphere, but almost as clear.
的确, 我周围的这片水域不过是另一种空气, 比地球的大气层还重, 但几乎同样清澈。
*The small churchyard was surrounded by a rusted iron fence.
不大的教堂墓地周边围着一圈生锈的铁栅栏。
*The transplant was rejected by the surrounding tissue.
移植器官受到周围组织的排斥。
【语块积累】
surround. . . with. . . 使……包围……
be surrounded with/by 被……包围
surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境
【虚拟语气】
Conseil and I remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases.
康塞尔和我彼此靠得很近, 好像我们可以通过我们的金属箱来交谈似的。
【句式解构】
本句中的as if=as though意为“似乎; 好像”, 其从句用了虚拟语气。
*He acted as if nothing had happened.
他表现得就像什么都没发生似的。
*She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.
她匆忙离开房间就好像她生气了。
*He stood up as if to leave. 他站起来似乎要离开。
【名师点津】as if/though引导从句的用法
(1)as if/though可引导表语从句和状语从句。若表示与现在事实相反的假设, 从句谓语动词用过去时; 若表示与过去事实相反的假设, 从句谓语动词用过去完成时; 若表示与将来事实相反的假设, 从句谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
(2)如果as if/though引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符, 则使用陈述语气。
(3)as if/though引导的从句可用省略形式, 后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。
【省略句】
While attacking from the ship, Aronnax and Conseil, along with the whale hunter Ned Land, fall into the sea, and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine.
当阿龙纳斯、康塞尔和捕鲸人内德·兰德从船上进攻的时候, 他们掉到海里, 发现这“怪物”原来是潜水艇。
【句式解构】
本句中While attacking为省略句, 完整结构为While they are attacking。
*While walking the dog, I fell in love with animals gradually.
当遛狗的时候, 我逐渐地喜欢上了动物。
*When/While in Paris, she picked up a lot of French.
在巴黎期间, 她学会了不少法语。
【名师点津】
在while, when, if, as if, even if/though, though, although, until, once, unless等引导的状语从句中, 当状语从句的主语同主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it, 且从句中含有be动词时, 可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。Unit 5-Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
核心考点回顾
【attempt】
attempt n. 努力; 尝试
*With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking
由于大多数攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试都是完全成功或失败的结果, 这一冒险背后还有科学原因吗
*My first attempt at a chocolate cake tasted horrible.
我首次试做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了。
*Every year about 40, 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
每年都有大约40 000人试图攀登非洲的最高峰乞力马扎罗山。
【语块积累】
(1)make an attempt at (doing) sth. 企图做某事
make an attempt to do sth. 企图做某事
in an attempt to do sth. 企图/试图做某事
at the first/second attempt 第一/二次尝试
(2)attempt v. 努力; 尝试; 试图
attempt sth. 努力去执行(完成)某事
attempt to do sth. 企图做某事
【confirm】
confirm v. 证实; 证明
*Who were the first people confirmed to have reached the top of the mountain
谁是第一批被证实到达山顶的人
* The latest evidence confirmed me in his honesty.
最新的证据让我坚信他是诚实的。
*It has been confirmed that the singer will give a performance next week.
已经确定这位歌唱家下周演出。
【语块积累】
confirm sth. /that. . . /wh-. . . 证实; 进一步确定……
It has been confirmed that. . . 已经确定……
confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事
【crowd】
crowd n. 人群
*Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger.
去年, 数以百计的人花了很多钱来体验一种他们知道会有拥挤、不适和危险的体验。
* I want to get there early to avoid the crowds.
我想尽早赶到那里, 免得拥挤。
*Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
声势浩大的对野火的控制, 使得加利福尼亚的森林, 长满了一些小树, 它们和大树竞争资源。
*The roads are crowded with vehicles of all kinds.
马路上挤满了各种车辆。
【语块积累】
(1)a crowd of/crowds of people 一大群人
(2)crowded adj. 拥挤的
(3)crowd v. 挤满
be crowded with 挤满了
【failure】
failure n. 失败
*The success or failure of the plan depends on you.
这项计划的成败取决于你。
*Many diets fail because they are boring.
许多饮食因单调乏味都不奏效。
*Try your best to do it, and you will never fail.
尽你最大的努力去做, 你就不会失败。
【语块积累】
(1)without fail 务必; 一定
(2)fail v. 失败
【名师点津】
(1)failure作“失败”讲时, 是不可数名词。当表示“失败的人或事”时, 是可数名词。即所谓的“抽象名词的具体化”用法。
(2)有类似用法的名词还有: success, surprise, pleasure comfort, honour等。
【focus】
bring. . . into focus使……成为焦点
*What he said in his speech brought AI into focus.
他在演讲中说的话使人工智能成为人们关注的焦点。
*I quickly focused the camera on the children.
我迅速把照相机的镜头对准孩子们。
【语块积累】
focus v. 集中
focus on/upon 集中在……上
【名师点津】
如何“专心”
表示“全神贯注于/专心于……”的短语还有:
be buried/absorbed/lost in
put one’s heart into
pay full attention to
devote oneself to sth. /doing sth.
focus/fix one’s mind/attention on
【guideline】
guideline n. 指导方针; 指导原则
*Complete the first aid guidelines with the words and expressions in activity 4.
用活动4中的词语完成急救指南。
*Under the guidance of the teacher, we assembled a robot.
在老师的指导下, 我们组装了一个机器人。
*He guided her firmly towards a huge cruise ship.
他领着她稳步走向一艘巨大的游轮。
【语块积累】
(1)under the guidance of 在……的指导下
(2)guide n. 指南; 指导; 导游; 向导
(3)guide vt. 给某人领路; 指引, 指导
guide sb. to do sth. 指导某人去做某事
guide sb. to/towards 带领某人去某地
【thrill】
thrill n. 惊险, 刺激
*He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” standing for “Thrill”.
他把这些人的性格称为“T型”, “T”代表“刺激”。
*Meeting with an old friend on the border was a great thrill to me.
对我来说, 在边界遇到一位老朋友是件令人兴奋的事情。
*It was a thrilling experience to meet the president.
会见总统令人兴奋不已。
【语块积累】
(1) a thrill to sb. 对某人来说是一件兴奋的事情
(2) thrilled adj. 感到兴奋、激动的
be thrilled to do sth. 胆战心惊地做某事
be thrilled at/with sth. 对某事感到兴奋
(3) thrilling adj. 令人兴奋的
【unaware】
unaware adj. 未意识到的; 不知道的
*Many people are unaware of just how much food and drink they consume.
许多人并不知道他们究竟消耗掉了多少食品和饮料。
*Are you aware that you have hurt her feeling
你有没有察觉到你已经伤害她的感情了
* There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.
人们普遍意识到吸烟有害健康。
*So far as I’m aware, this is the first time a British rider has won the competition.
据我所知, 这是英国骑师第一次赢得这项竞赛。
【语块积累】
(1)aware adj. 知道; 意识到
be/become aware of. . . 对……知道; 明白; 意识到
be/become aware that. . . 知道/体会到……
as/so far as I am aware 据我所知
(2)awareness n. 意识; 知道
【时间状语从句】
Next time you need to take notes, try using some of these.
下次你需要做笔记时, 可以试试下面的这些方法。
【句式解构】
本句中的next time在句中引导时间状语从句, 意为“下次”。
*Next time you want to see her, you’d better fix a date ahead of time.
下次你想见她时, 最好提前约定时间。
*Every time I express an opinion, she argues back.
每当我发表意见时, 她总是反驳。
*Each time she moved her leg, she let out a moan.
每次她动一下腿, 就发出一声呻吟。
【名师点津】
time相关短语作从属连词
each time 每次
any time 每次; 任何时候
(the)next time 下次
the first time 第一次
the last time 上次/最后一次
by the time 到……时为止
【非谓语动词作结果状语】
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas, thus marking the beginning of European exploration of the Americas.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布是一位意大利探险家, 他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的旅行, 从而标志着欧洲人对美洲探索的开始。
【句式解构】
本句中thus marking为现在分词作结果状语。
*Jack has made great progress, making his parents pleased.
杰克取得了巨大进步, 这让他的父母很高兴。
*He hurried to the bus stop, only to find the bus had left.
他匆匆地去了车站, 结果发现车已离开。
【名师点津】
现在分词短语作结果状语
(1)现在分词短语作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”的结果, 这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语, 也可以是前边的整个句子; 逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时, 其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
(2)不定式短语作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
【省略句】
Although regarded as the most dangerous road in the country, it’s also known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
虽然它被认为是全国最危险的道路, 但因为它的惊人的景观, 它也被称为“天路”。
【句式解构】
本句中的although引导让步状语从句, 省略了主语及be动词。
*When asked why she didn’t finish the homework, the girl made no answer.
当被问及为什么没完成作业时, 那个女孩没有回答。
【名师点津】
由once, if, as, unless, when, though, although, even if/though等引导的状语从句, 如果主句主语和从句主语一致, 且从句谓语中含有be动词则可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
