(共40张PPT)
Module 12
Help
Objectives
To summarise and consolidate the use of modal verbs — must, can, could
(for prediction)
To learn the imperative for suggestions and instructions
●The phone is ringing. It could be Nick.
电话响了，可能是尼克打来的。
●I don’t know when they’ll be here. They could arrive at any time.
我不知道他们多会来，他们可能随时会来。
● This new drug could be an important step in the fight against cancer.
这种新药可能是攻克癌症过程中迈出的重要一步。
The phone is ringing. It could be Nick.
Read the conversations and pay attention to the circled parts.
could可以表示对现在或将来的推测，意为“会, 可能”。
must 也可以表示猜测，意思为“一定，准是”。
1. That could be harmful!
2. Betty, you must know!
3. But he could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you.
4. You could drop him and hurt him even more.
Observe the following sentences carefully and pay attention to the words in red.
1. That _______ be harmful!
2. Betty, you _______ know!
3. But he ________ have trouble hearing you or speaking to you.
4. You _______ drop him and hurt him even more.
could
must
could
go
could
Ready
情态动词 must/can/could 表示推测
我们学习过情态动词 can 和 could 表示“能够，可以”等意义的用法。can 和 could 还可以表示对现在或将来的推测，意为“会, 可能”，但 can 表示推测时，往往用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句时，can 比 could 表示的“可能性”要大；用于否定句时，cannot (can’t)表示“不可能”。例如：
He can’t be at home.
他不可能在家。
could 则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。在以下例句中，can 和 could 均表示可能：
He could be in pain.
他可能很疼。
That could be harmful!
那可能有害！
Can/Could this be true
这有可能是真的吗
情态动词 must 也可以表示猜测，意思为“一定，准是”，通常只用于肯定句。如课文中的例子：
Betty, you must know!
贝蒂，你肯定知道！
请仔细对比下列一组句子：
Who sent the present Can it be your brother
是谁送来的礼物啊？会是你哥哥吗？
（询问可能性）
It must be your brother. I saw him in your room just now.
肯定是你哥哥，我刚才看见他在你的房间里。
（语气强烈，表示非常肯定）
It can’t be my brother. He is still in France.
不可能是我哥哥，他还在法国呢。
（表示不可能）
1. Hide under a table. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. Keep Clear of fires.
2. Leave the buildings quickly …
3. Keep calm, … Be brave and be helpful.
4. Move away from buildings, …
5. Stay away from bridges and trees.
6. In the mountains, be careful of falling rocks.
7. On a beach, run away from the sea and move quickly to higher ground.
What shall we do or not do if an earthquake happens
1. Don’t jump out of high buildings.
2. Don’t stand near street lights or under power lines.
1. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture.
2. Do not stand near street lights or under power lines.
3. Make sure he’s warm. Cover him with a coat.
4. Find out what’s wrong with him.
5. Do not jump out of high buildings.
6. On a beach, run away from the sea and move quickly to higher ground.
Observe the following sentences carefully and pay attention to the words in red.
1. _______ _______ _______ (stay) windows and heavy furniture.
2. _______ _______ (stand) near street lights or under power lines.
3. _______ ______ (make sure) he’s warm. _______ him with a coat.
4. _______ _____ (find) what’s wrong with him.
5. ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ (not jump) high buildings.
6. On a beach, _____ ______ ______ (run) the sea and ______ (move) quickly to higher ground.
Make sure
Find out
Do not jump out of
run away from
move
Cover
Stay away from
Don’t stand
go
Ready
祈使句
祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、建议、请求或命令等。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。常见的祈使句如下：
1.动词原形构成的祈使句
2.let’s构成的祈使句
3.无动词祈使句
1. 动词原形构成的祈使句
此类祈使句暗含的主语是you，但通常省略。否定句往往由 do not（don’t）或 never 开头。
Have a nice day!
祝你度过美好的一天！
Don’t waste your time!
别浪费时间了！
Never be late again!
再也不要迟到了！
Come this way, please.
请走这边。
Please be quiet, boys!
男孩们，请安静！
祈使句的句首或句末有时加 please，还可以加上称呼语，用逗号与句子主体隔开。
2. let’s构成的祈使句
这类祈使句往往用于提出建议。
Let’s spend this weekend in the countryside.
这周咱们到乡下度周末吧。
Let’s take a taxi, shall we
我们坐出租车好吗？
3. 无动词祈使句
在请求、命令和口号中，常用无动词祈使句，它实际上是省略了动词，从而使语句更简洁有力。
Just a minute, please!
请稍等！
This way, please!
请这边走！
以下部分为课本练习，供老师在对答案时选择使用。
1 It is dangerous. You _____ keep out!
2 These stairs are not safe. You ______ use them.
3 The rocks are falling down. You ______ get hit.
4 The river is too deep. You _______ swim in it.
5 Betty _____ know what to do because she did some basic medical training.
must
mustn’t
Complete the sentences with could, must or mustn’t.
1
P100
could
mustn’t
must
Underline the correct words to complete the first aid instructions.
1 Get / Do not get medical help immediately.
2 Ask / Do not ask them where the pain is.
3 Lift / Do not lift them because you may drop them.
4 Keep / Do not keep them warm.
2
P100
When there is an earthquake ...
1 _________ from the windows.
2 __________ a table.
3 __________ the lift.
4 ______ the building quickly when the ground stops shaking.
5 _____ calm.
Stay away
Hide under
Do not use
Leave
Keep
do not use hide under keep leave stay away
Complete the poster about earthquakes with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.
3
P100
Tony: Daming is training hard for the big match.
Lingling: Yes, the team has a good (1)________ this year.
Tony: Oh no, Daming’s (2)_________. He’s down!
Lingling: It looks like he’s (3)________.
Tony: Daming, what happened
Daming: It’s my leg.
Lingling: (4) _______ him with my coat.
Tony: But don’t move him. Let’s wait for someone with (5) ________ training.
Lingling: OK.
chance
in trouble
in pain
chance Cover in pain in trouble medical
Cover
medical
Complete the conversation with the words and expressions in the box.
4
P101
Information is coming in that there could be (1) ________ because of heavy rain in the north. The government is (2) ________ people about falling (3) _______. Some roads have a lot of rocks on them, but people are trying to (4) ________ them quickly. In some places there is no (5) _______. And people must stay (6) _________ to keep away from falling rocks.
Complete the news report with the correct form of the words in the box.
5
P101
clear inside power rock trouble warn
trouble
warning
rocks
clear
power
inside
Now read the report again and check (√) the true sentences.
1. There are problems everywhere because of rain.
2. The government is warning people about an earthquake.
3. Some roads in the mountains have a lot of rocks on them.
4. People are trying to clear the rocks off the roads.
5. There is no problem with power.
√
√
1. We were having _______ at home when the earthquake happened.
2. The room started to ________.
3. Father shouted to everyone to get under the ____________.
4. We could not get out of the room because the ______ would not open.
5. My father called for help on his __________.
6. People came to help us and we left our ________.
Listen and complete the sentences.
6
P102
dinner
shake
kitchen table
door
mobile phone
flat
1
2
3
4
5
6
1. What is the best title for this passage
a) 2004 Asian tsunami.
b) A girl saves tourists from tsunami.
c) Underwater earthquakes.
2. What did Tilly notice
a) Water coming to the beach.
b) People watching the water.
c) Bubbles in the water.
3. What does her teacher think of Tilly
a) She is lucky.
b) She does not do silly things.
c) She is a clever student.
Read the passage and choose the correct answer.
7
P102
Making a poster about preventing accidents at school.
Module task:
Step 1: Make a list of accidents that can happen at school.
Step 2: Work in groups. Choose an accident from the list in Activity 8 and give instructions about what to do.
Step 3: Making a poster about preventing accidents at school using must/mustn’t.
Step 4: Present your poster to the class.
◆can和could可以表示对现在或将来的推测。但can常用于否定句和疑问句中，can表达可能性，有惊异、怀疑、不相信之意。
◆can’t表示“不可能”。
◆could表示推测可以用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。
◆“must be + 表语”表示对现在情况的推测，通常用于肯定句，意为“一定，准是”。
常见的祈使句如下：
1. 动词原形构成的祈使句
2. let’s构成的祈使句
3. 无动词祈使句
Quiz
I. 用could, must或mustn’t 填空。
1. We ______ be careful when we’re walking across the road. There’re too many cars now.
2. You ______ swim in this river because it’s too deep.
3. Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be
4. If you want to cross a street, you ______ wait for the green lights.
5. You ______ make a lot of noise when you are in a reading room.
must
mustn’t
could
must
mustn’t
II. 按要求完成句子。
1. You must be careful with your handwriting. (改为祈使句)
_____ _______ with your handwriting.
2. Talk and read loudly in class.
(改为否定句)
______ _____ and read loudly in class.
3. The girl singing in the next room must be Lucy. (改为否定句)
The girl singing in the next room _____ _____ Lucy.
Be careful
Don’t talk
can’t
be
III. 根据提示，用祈使句型写出句子。
1. 请举起你的右手。
2. 不要在课堂上大声说话。
3. 咱们一起上学去吧。
4. 请来两块面包。
5. 再不要这样做了。
Never do that again.
Please put up your right hand.
Don’t talk loudly in class.
Let’s go to school together.
Two pieces of bread, please.
Homework
1. Review the grammar we’ve learnt today.
2. Finish the exercises in Learning English.
