2021—2022学年第一学期高二年级第一次月度检测
英语学科试卷
（满分150分 考试时间：120分钟）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers doing
A. Asking for directions. B. Visiting historical places. C. Walking through the park.
2. What does the man want the woman to do for him
A. Give him some advice about the holiday.
B Recommend some restaurants to him.
C. Tell him the way to a museum.
3. Why is the woman angry
A. Her glasses are missing. B. They are going to be late. C. The man doesn't want to drive.
4. Where are the speakers
A. In the sea. B. At a hotel. C. On a beach.
5. What does the girl's father do
A. He is a lawyer. B. He is a nurse. C. He is a policeman.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man think of the flooding in Beijing
A. It is quite normal.
B. It is the worst one in the history.
C. It must be caused by climate change.
7. What concerned the man's parents most after the flooding
A. The bad smell. B. The homeless people. C. The ruined furniture and carpets.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Which experiment did the man try first
A. Heat treatment. B. Cool treatment. C. Bacteria treatment.
9. What kind of patent does the woman want
A. Full patent. B. Limited patent. C. No patent.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12 题。
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Big stars. B. TV shows. C. A government vote.
11. Who has had the most success
A. The Asian lady. B. The policewoman. C. The teacher.
12. How does the woman feel about the politician's behavior in the jungle show
A. Disappointed. B. Confused. C. Supportive.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What are the speakers planning to do
A. Get new workers.
B. Combine small companies.
C. Change the application program.
14. How many people work in the evening
A. 60. B. 30. C. 20.
15. Why are the speakers dividing the groups
A. They want to adjust the staff structure.
B. They think there are too many old people.
C. They need people to work during the classes.
16. How does the woman feel about the old workers
A. Confident. B. Worried. C. Upset.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Which group is the speaker speaking to
A. The first one. B. The second one. C. The third one.
18. What product might the store already sell
A. Indoor furniture. B. Refrigerators. C. Outdoor furniture.
19. When did the speaker become the store manager
A. Ten years ago. B. Four years ago. C. One year ago.
20. Who is the talk for
A. The employees. B. The customers. C. The partner companies.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分42.5）
第一节（共12小题；每小题2.5分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The moment he saw an organ, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart knew what to do with it, Aged six, already skilled at the clavier（键盘乐器）, he came across pedals （踏板） and stops for the first time in an Austrian church. Within moments he was playing an accompaniment and composing on the spot freely. In the following year, 1763, an official in Heidelberg was so astonished by his organ-playing that he had a plate carved for his church to mark the boy's visit. Mozart composed his first symphony at eight.
Youthful promise often declines. With Mozart the opposite was true. Through him classical music may have found its most ideal expression. As Jan Swafford writes in his outstanding biography, Mozart's compositions displayed “a kind of effortless perfection so easily worn that they seem almost to have written themselves”. He drafted quickly, often without needing to revise. He “could express delight by the yard”. A man of his time, Mozart was equally at home composing for the concert salon or the opera stage.
He is the subject of many biographies, but the leading one, by Hermann Aber, is 100 years old and 1, 600 pages long. Safford, himself a composer and a programme-writer, offers an updated and authoritative life, easy to understand, beautifully written, and full of critical judgments and sharp notes on the works.
Mozart' s way with melody （旋律） and keen view of human nature-his letters reveal an almost Dickensian ability to paint characters-combined to promote opera from desserts to a serious medium, the author argues. “His wisdom, his ability to observe people and their weaknesses, his fascination with the craze for love - al this made him the perfect composer" of the form, Mr Swafford thinks.
He was admired in his time. Most of his music stuck to conventional structures yet went over the heads of the average listener. Legend has it that his most important fan, Emperor Joseph II, reacted to one performance with an impressive comment: “Too beautiful for our ears, my dear Mozart!”
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss
A. The true origin of the symphony.
B. Musical instruments in Mozart's time.
C. Mozart's remarkable talent for music.
D. A friendship between Mozart and an official.
2. What does Swafford think of Mozart's compositions
A. They sounded perfect. B. They expressed his criticism.
C. They were created hurriedly. D. They should be performed outdoors.
3. How does Mozart's biography by Swafford stand out
A. By comparing contemporary musicians' works.
B. By giving professional and accessible comments.
C By including the remarks of Emperor Joseph II.
D. By referring to other writers' constructive advice.
4. What did Mozart contribute to
A. Creating music for folk stories.
B. Inspirations for Dickens' works.
C. Reforms of conventional structures.
D. Transforming opera to a serious art form.
B
In the coming decade, space agencies and private space companies like Space X are planning to build a base on the Moon and Mars. While scientists are already building rockets for the journey, for long-term human settlements on either of them, astronauts will need fuel to carry out daily activities. Many have already proposed hydrogen（氢气）as a possible solution. But a group of scientists is working on turning CO2 from the atmosphere into jet fuel. As Mars is rich in CO2 and the lunar surface has a high concentration of CO2, it offers a possible solution.
For now, though, the team of scientists at Oxford University is focusing on making jet fuel for the aviation （航空的） industry. As the aviation industry contributes over 900 million tons of CO2 every year, to battle climate change, it is necessary to tum the tide. So far aviation scientists have tried to use different other energy sources like electricity to fly. But such flights are limited to short distances. For long-distance flights, there is no alternative yet.
The concept of turning CO2 into jet fuel is not new. What Oxford researchers propose is adding a cheap iron-based catalyst （催化剂） and hydrogen to turn CO2 into liquid fuel. As the process would not involve using fossil fuel, it will make the industry carbon neutral.
The researchers tested the new catalyst in a small reaction lab at 300° Celsius and at 10 times the air pressure at sea level. The entire process took 20 hours and turned 38 percent of CO2 into new chemicals. About 48 percent of the chemicals were jet fuel hydrocarbon and the rest were other by-products that can be used in the production of plastic.
Professor Peter Edwards, one of the lead scientists in the project, said the new method could be scaled up in two to three years to produce jet fuel in large quantities. If the Oxford University project can be scaled up, it could attract Elon Musk's attention. A similar method can be used to produce water and fuel enough to light a colony on Mars and the Moon.
5. Why does the author mention the settlements on Mars
A. To celebrate the achievements of Space X.
B. To present a debate on space exploration.
C. To introduce a new approach to exploiting CO2.
D. To stress the difficulty of doing daily activities in space.
6. What problem does the aviation industry face
A. Electricity is being priced too high.
B. Renewable resources are not powerful enough.
C. The quality of traditional jet fuel is not satisfying.
D. Climate change affects long-distance fights.
7. What do we know about the method Oxford researchers tested
A. It is cost-saving and efficient. B. It can be used to recycle plastic.
C. It is complex and time-consuming. D. It can deal with half of the chemicals.
8. What will the researchers do next
A. Help leading airlines to adjust their flights.
B. Persuade Elon Musk to invest in the project.
C. Cut back the by-products of the experiment.
D. Make the new fuel economically practicable.
C
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational(理性的) being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌) behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地） to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
9. Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.
A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B. consists of competitiveness and selfishness
C. is something partly innate and partly acquired
D. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
10. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.
A. the emergence of the evolutionary theory B. the historical approach to man
C. new insight into human behavior D. the philosophical analysis of slavery
11. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings ________.
A. have some characters in common B. are born with diverse cultures
C. are born without a fixed nature D. change their characters as they grow up
12. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to ________.
A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”
B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils
C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”
D. support the idea that some human characters are inherited.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
During your teen years, you will make some key decisions that can shape your future. So, choose wisely, and don't blow it.
If you do happen to blow it, however, it's not the end of the world. ____13____ Being a teen today is tougher than ever. While your grandparents may have had to walk uphill to school in the snow, you have a different set of challenges to meet. It's a totally different world!
____14____ Or you may be struggling with one of them or all of them. You need to think carefully about every decision you will make the ins and outs, the good and the bad. And you can make informed decisions, with your eyes wide open.
Many decisions you make as a teen can impact your life forever. The good news is, where you end up ten years from now is up to you. ____15____ It's called free agency or free ill and it's your birthright. Ultimately, you, choose to be happy or miserable.
The reality is that although you are free to choose, you can choose the consequences of your choices. They're preloaded. It's a packaged deal. As the old saying goes “when you pick up one end of the stick, you also pick up the other” ____16____ For example, if you decide to do poorly in school rather than go to college, you'll suffer the natural consequences and may even find it hard even to get an interview for a well-paid job.
The word “decision” comes from the Latin root meaning “to cut off from”. ____17____ That's why decisions can be hard sometimes.
A. It can be different sometimes.
B. Your choice and consequences go hand in hand.
C. You need to think twice before you take action.
D. Saying “yes” to one thing means saying “no” to another.
E. You may not have thought much about these decisions.
F. You are free to choose what kind of life you want to have.
G. Just get back on track quickly and start making smarter choices
第三部分：语言运用（共三节，满分37.5分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Although an eager baker, I'm terrified of working with dough （生面团）. It is particularly ____18____ --- a heavy hand or a gentle press can result in catastrophic failure. Having gained some ____19____ while cooking regularly during this lockdown, I decided to bake a pie all by myself. Usually my mother would send over the shortcrust pastry （简易酥皮） to fill and bake, but it was time to relieve her of the ____20____.
When my pie came out, it didn't look very nice, but its taste ____21____ decades-old memories of opening the fridge ____22____ to break off pieces of buttery crust（黄油酥皮）, remaining pieces dropping on the floor and a frameless pie ____23____ my attempt to look innocent the next morning. It made me realize that the ____24____ of cooking goes beyond mere living during these troubled times.
During social distancing and self-isolation（自我隔离）, cooking connected us with the community at large. The community came to the ____25____ of many of us who weren't ____26____ in cooking as we burnt or misshaped things. A message from a friend, with whom I shared a banana ice cream _____27_____, lead to much laughter: “How do I get the skins off these bananas My hands are freezing and the banana skins are _____28_____!” I stated that they had to be _____29_____ in advance, a lesson I had learnt the hard way a week earlier.
It's simple to heat food in the microwave or order takeout with a click of a button. But to buy your _____30_____, store them, cut, chop（剁）, and stir-- each part of the process is an exercise in patience and creativity. _____31_____, in anxious and unstable times, cooking _____32_____ us of when things weren't so uncertain.
18. A. absurd B. flexible C. sensitive D. essential
19. A. support B. courage C. respect D. reputation
20. A. pain B. discomfort C. burden D. command
21. A. brought in B. brought back C. brought forth D. brought forward
22. A. secretly B. skillfully C. casually D. violently
23. A. betraying B. interrupting C. threatening D. accelerating
24. A. art B. joy C. effect D. value
25. A. mind B. attention C. rescue D. knowledge
26. A. interested B. disappointed C. weak D. expert
27. A. series B. recipe C. record D. theory
28. A. lost B. broken C. burnt D. stuck
29. A. picked B. watered C. skinned D. sliced
30. A. devices B. nutrients C. components D. ingredients
31. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise
32. A. reminds B. relieves C. informs D. warns
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you someone who stays up late into the night, or do you rise with the sun each morning A new study finds that a person's sleep preferences may actually reveal how well they do their job. Researchers in Finland say “night owls” are twice as likely ____33____ (say) they struggle to perform at work. Even more ____34____ (concern), people who stay up late also have a higher risk of retiring due to disability than their “early bird” co-workers.
A team from the University of Oulu looked at over 12, 000 people ____35____ (take) part in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study during this project. The group (6,169 boys and 5,889 girls all born in 1966) ____36____ (survey) about their work life and health once they reached the age of 46. Researchers also asked each participant about their sleep patterns to evaluate which chronotype（睡眠类型） they belong ____37____. The Finnish team split the group into three chronotypes: early birds, an average group, and night owls.
Early risers tend to function better early in the morning. Night owls, on ____38____ other hand, are sharper during the evening and generally stay up later. Unfortunately, owls usually don't go to bed early enough to get the recommended amount of rest on work nights, ____39____ leaves them with a “sleep debt” and a need to catch up on sleep during their off days.
The results find this preference not only impacts work ____40____ (perform) throughout a person's career, but can also ____41____ (negative) affect health due to lack of sleep.
Study authors add that, no matter when they sleep, it's important for night owls to get enough sleep each night and find a work schedule which best fits ______42______ (they) chronotype.
第三节单词拼写（共15小题；每小题0.5分，满分7.5分）
43. This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most people have natural r________ to it.（根据首字母单词拼写）
44. The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood without r ________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
45. I suggested to him that we should t________the problem another way.(根据首字母单词拼写)
46. The agency will make travel arrangements for you. A ________ you can organize your own transport. It is up to your preference. （根据首字母单词拼写）
47. These p________(现象) are exceptions that exist in society nowadays.（根据中英文提示填空）
48. A________in the colourful broadcast programs, the boy didn’t finish his homework. （根据首字母单词拼写）
49. The s ________of the charity activities are highly thought of for their generous deeds. （根据首字母单词拼写）
50. Honey is sweet while vinegar is not. In other words, you can win people to your side more easily with gentle p_________rather than by force. (根据首字母单词拼写)
51. A disagreeable doubt had ________(产生)before the meeting was held.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
52. Different companies ________（专门经营） in different products. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
53. He was injured accidentally last month and ________ (退出) from the competition. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
54. But today, the three grains ________（排名） top in terms of their production volumes are rice, wheat and corn. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
55. People are eager to know the cause of the infectious disease, and the source is still under ________（调查）.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
56. Plans to drill for oil in the Arctic region are fiercely ________(反对) by conservationists. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
57. He outlined his plans and then________(接着做，继而做) to explain them in more detail in the general meeting. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节应用文（满分15分）
58. 假定你是李华，你班计划在校运动会开幕式上表演少数民族舞蹈—竹竿舞（bamboo dance）。正在你校做交换生的Jack擅长跳舞，请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.邀请他参加表演；
2.开幕式时间、地点及亮点
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节读后续写（满分25分）
59. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Raelene seemed to be in trouble with her mother. It seemed like her mother was screaming all the time. Raelene couldn't bear it. She tried to keep to herself and out of her mother's way. At times she shut herself in her room but her mother would follow her in, still shouting at her and telling her to do things.
One day, when her mother had been screaming, Raelene went outside to get away from it all. Her pet dog, Crystal, came running up to her, tail wagging, but Raelene had had enough and screamed at Crystal. Crystal dropped her tail between her legs and turned around to run off, looking for a place to hide. Raelene saw how Crystal had run away when she screamed. She thought how it was like what she did when her mother screamed at her.
At school, Raelene was studying science and had learned about experiments, so she decided to carry out an experiment with Crystal. She sat down on the ground, closer to Crystal's height where she could see Crystal's nose and eyes peeping (偷看) around the corner of the house. Raelene began to talk to Crystal in a soft, gentle voice. This was the experiment. What she said and how she said it were different. Her words said Crystal was a bad dog for running away and hiding. However, she said it in a gentle, loving, and caring voice. Soon Crystal moved out from around the corner and came back with her tail wagging and her whole body full of excitement.
Raelene continued her experiment. She now told Crystal what a good dog she was and how she was the only person who seemed to understand Raelene-- but how she did it was in a loud, shouting voice. Crystal again dropped her tail between her legs and ran around the corner.
“This is interesting,” thought Raelene. She now used the same loving words in a gentle, loving voice. Again Crystal emerged and rested her head on Raelene's lap.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Raelene continued to experiment with different things.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After that Raelene began to experiment when her mother was screaming.2021—2022学年第一学期高二年级第一次月度检测
英语学科试卷
（满分150分 考试时间：120分钟）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers doing
A. Asking for directions. B. Visiting historical places. C. Walking through the park.
2. What does the man want the woman to do for him
A. Give him some advice about the holiday.
B. Recommend some restaurants to him.
C. Tell him the way to a museum.
3. Why is the woman angry
A. Her glasses are missing. B. They are going to be late. C. The man doesn't want to drive.
4. Where are the speakers
A. In the sea. B. At a hotel. C. On a beach.
5. What does the girl's father do
A. He is a lawyer. B. He is a nurse. C. He is a policeman.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man think of the flooding in Beijing
A. It is quite normal.
B. It is the worst one in the history.
C. It must be caused by climate change.
7. What concerned the man's parents most after the flooding
A. The bad smell. B. The homeless people. C. The ruined furniture and carpets.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Which experiment did the man try first
A. Heat treatment. B. Cool treatment. C. Bacteria treatment.
9. What kind of patent does the woman want
A. Full patent. B. Limited patent. C. No patent.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12 题。
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Big stars. B. TV shows. C. A government vote.
11 Who has had the most success
A. The Asian lady. B. The policewoman. C. The teacher.
12. How does the woman feel about the politician's behavior in the jungle show
A. Disappointed. B. Confused. C. Supportive.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What are the speakers planning to do
A. Get new workers.
B. Combine small companies.
C. Change the application program.
14. How many people work in the evening
A. 60. B. 30. C. 20.
15. Why are the speakers dividing the groups
A. They want to adjust the staff structure.
B. They think there are too many old people.
C. They need people to work during the classes.
16. How does the woman feel about the old workers
A. Confident. B. Worried. C. Upset.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Which group is the speaker speaking to
A. The first one. B. The second one. C. The third one.
18. What product might the store already sell
A. Indoor furniture. B. Refrigerators. C. Outdoor furniture.
19. When did the speaker become the store manager
A. Ten years ago. B. Four years ago. C. One year ago.
20. Who is the talk for
A. The employees. B. The customers. C. The partner companies.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分42.5）
第一节（共12小题；每小题2.5分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The moment he saw an organ, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart knew what to do with it, Aged six, already skilled at the clavier（键盘乐器）, he came across pedals （踏板） and stops for the first time in an Austrian church. Within moments he was playing an accompaniment and composing on the spot freely. In the following year, 1763, an official in Heidelberg was so astonished by his organ-playing that he had a plate carved for his church to mark the boy's visit. Mozart composed his first symphony at eight.
Youthful promise often declines. With Mozart the opposite was true. Through him classical music may have found its most ideal expression. As Jan Swafford writes in his outstanding biography, Mozart's compositions displayed “a kind of effortless perfection so easily worn that they seem almost to have written themselves”. He drafted quickly, often without needing to revise. He “could express delight by the yard”. A man of his time, Mozart was equally at home composing for the concert salon or the opera stage.
He is the subject of many biographies, but the leading one, by Hermann Aber, is 100 years old and 1, 600 pages long. Safford, himself a composer and a programme-writer, offers an updated and authoritative life, easy to understand, beautifully written, and full of critical judgments and sharp notes on the works.
Mozart' s way with melody （旋律） and keen view of human nature-his letters reveal an almost Dickensian ability to paint characters-combined to promote opera from desserts to a serious medium the author argues. “His wisdom, his ability to observe people and their weaknesses, his fascination with the craze for love - al this made him the perfect composer" of the form, Mr Swafford thinks.
He was admired in his time. Most of his music stuck to conventional structures yet went over the heads of the average listener. Legend has it that his most important fan, Emperor Joseph II, reacted to one performance with an impressive comment: “Too beautiful for our ears, my dear Mozart!”
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss
A. The true origin of the symphony.
B. Musical instruments in Mozart's time.
C. Mozart's remarkable talent for music.
D. A friendship between Mozart and an official.
2. What does Swafford think of Mozart's compositions
A. They sounded perfect. B. They expressed his criticism.
C. They were created hurriedly. D. They should be performed outdoors.
3. How does Mozart's biography by Swafford stand out
A. By comparing contemporary musicians' works.
B. By giving professional and accessible comments.
C. By including the remarks of Emperor Joseph II.
D. By referring to other writers' constructive advice.
4. What did Mozart contribute to
A. Creating music for folk stories.
B. Inspirations for Dickens' works.
C. Reforms of conventional structures.
D. Transforming opera to a serious art form.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了奥地利作曲家莫扎特从小就表现出极高的音乐天赋，他的音乐成就和贡献。
【1题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The moment he saw an organ, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart knew what to do with it, Aged six, already skilled at the clavier（键盘乐器）, Mozart composed his first symphony at eight.(一看到乐器，莫扎特就知道怎样用。6岁时，就已经擅长键盘乐器。8岁就创作了他的第一首乐曲)”可知，莫扎特从小就表现出极高的音乐天赋。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As Jan Swafford writes in his outstanding biography, Mozart's compositions displayed “a kind of effortless perfection so easily worn that they seem almost to have written themselves. (正如Jan Swafford在他著名的传记中写到，莫扎特的作品表现出一种毫不费力的完美，听起来好像是浑然天成的) ”可知，Swafford认为莫扎特的作品是完美的。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Safford, himself a composer and a programme-writer, offers an updated and authoritative life, easy to understand, beautifully written, and full of critical judgments and sharp notes on the works. (Safford本人就是作曲家兼编程作家，提供了一种更新的，权威的生活，容易理解，写得很美，在作品中充满了尖锐的判断和锋利音符)”可知，Safford从专业的角度对莫扎特的作品进行了评论。故选B。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Mozart' s way with melody（旋律）and keen view of human nature-his letters reveal an almost Dickensian ability to paint characters-combined to promote opera from desserts to a serious medium, (莫扎特具有旋律的方式和对人性的看法通过音符揭示了一种狄更斯式的描绘字符的能力，促进了歌剧从饭后甜点到一门严肃的艺术)”可知，是莫扎特促进了将歌剧从饭后甜点到一门严肃的艺术。故选D。
B
In the coming decade, space agencies and private space companies like Space X are planning to build a base on the Moon and Mars. While scientists are already building rockets for the journey, for long-term human settlements on either of them, astronauts will need fuel to carry out daily activities. Many have already proposed hydrogen（氢气）as a possible solution. But a group of scientists is working on turning CO2 from the atmosphere into jet fuel. As Mars is rich in CO2 and the lunar surface has a high concentration of CO2, it offers a possible solution.
For now, though, the team of scientists at Oxford University is focusing on making jet fuel for the aviation （航空的） industry. As the aviation industry contributes over 900 million tons of CO2 every year, to battle climate change, it is necessary to tum the tide. So far aviation scientists have tried to use different other energy sources like electricity to fly. But such flights are limited to short distances. For long-distance flights, there is no alternative yet.
The concept of turning CO2 into jet fuel is not new. What Oxford researchers propose is adding a cheap iron-based catalyst （催化剂） and hydrogen to turn CO2 into liquid fuel. As the process would not involve using fossil fuel, it will make the industry carbon neutral.
The researchers tested the new catalyst in a small reaction lab at 300° Celsius and at 10 times the air pressure at sea level. The entire process took 20 hours and turned 38 percent of CO2 into new chemicals. About 48 percent of the chemicals were jet fuel hydrocarbon and the rest were other by-products that can be used in the production of plastic.
Professor Peter Edwards, one of the lead scientists in the project, said the new method could be scaled up in two to three years to produce jet fuel in large quantities. If the Oxford University project can be scaled up, it could attract Elon Musk's attention. A similar method can be used to produce water and fuel enough to light a colony on Mars and the Moon.
5. Why does the author mention the settlements on Mars
A. To celebrate the achievements of Space X.
B. To present a debate on space exploration.
C. To introduce a new approach to exploiting CO2.
D. To stress the difficulty of doing daily activities in space.
6. What problem does the aviation industry face
A. Electricity is being priced too high.
B. Renewable resources are not powerful enough.
C The quality of traditional jet fuel is not satisfying.
D. Climate change affects long-distance fights.
7. What do we know about the method Oxford researchers tested
A. It is cost-saving and efficient. B. It can be used to recycle plastic.
C. It is complex and time-consuming. D. It can deal with half of the chemicals.
8. What will the researchers do next
A. Help leading airlines to adjust their flights.
B. Persuade Elon Musk to invest in the project.
C. Cut back the by-products of the experiment.
D. Make the new fuel economically practicable.
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。牛津大学的科学家团队正致力于一种新型二氧化碳航空燃料的开发。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“While scientists are already building rockets for the journey, for long-term human settlements on either of them, astronauts will need fuel to carry out daily activities. ”（虽然科学家们已经在为这次旅程建造火箭，为人类长期居住在其中任何一个（月球或者火星），宇航员将需要燃料进行日常活动。）及“But a group of scientists is working on turning CO2 from the atmosphere into jet fuel.”（但一组科学家正在致力于将大气中的二氧化碳转化为航空燃料。）可以推测，作者提到了火星上的定居是为了介绍一种利用二氧化碳的新方法。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“So far aviation scientists have tried to use different other energy sources like electricity to fly. But such flights are limited to short distances. For long-distance flights, there is no alternative yet.”（到目前为止，航空科学家已经尝试使用不同的其他能源，比如电力来飞行。但这种飞行仅限于短距离。 对于长途飞行，目前还没有其他选择。）可知，航空工业使用可再生能源，但是能量不够强大。故选B项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“What Oxford researchers propose is adding a cheap iron-based catalyst （催化剂） and hydrogen to turn CO2 into liquid fuel. ”（牛津大学研究人员建议添加一个便宜的铁基催化剂和氢将二氧化碳转化为液体燃料。）及下一段关键句“The entire process took 20 hours and turned 38 percent of CO2 into new chemicals. About 48 percent of the chemicals were jet fuel hydrocarbon and the rest were other by-products that can be used in the production of plastic.”（整个过程耗时20个小时，将38%的二氧化碳转化为新的化学物质。 大约48%的化学物质是航空燃料碳氢化合物，其余的是可用于塑料生产的其他副产品。）可知，牛津大学研究人员测试的方法是节约成本同时高效的。故选A项。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“Professor Peter Edwards, one of the lead scientists in the project, said the new method could be scaled up in two to three years to produce jet fuel in large quantities. ”（该项目的首席科学家之一彼得·爱德华兹教授说，这种新方法可以在两到三年内扩大规模，大量生产航空燃料。）及“A similar method can be used to produce water and fuel enough to light a colony on Mars and the Moon.”（类似的方法可以用来生产足够照亮火星和月球殖民地的水和燃料。）可以推测，研究者接下来将会研究如何使新燃料在经济上可行。故选D项。
C
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational(理性的) being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌) behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地） to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
9. Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.
A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B. consists of competitiveness and selfishness
C. is something partly innate and partly acquired
D. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
10. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.
A. the emergence of the evolutionary theory B. the historical approach to man
C. new insight into human behavior D. the philosophical analysis of slavery
11. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings ________.
A. have some characters in common B. are born with diverse cultures
C. are born without a fixed nature D. change their characters as they grow up
12. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to ________.
A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”
B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils
C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”
D. support the idea that some human characters are inherited.
【答案】9. A 10. A 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是从古希腊时起对于人性的组成就有诸多讨论，近些年来，对传统的人性组成的观点，有了很多不同的看法，本文就此展开了讨论。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.(关于它是由什么构成的，有各种各样的观点，但人们一致认为，存在着这样一种本质，也就是说，人之所以为人，是由于某种东西的存在。因此，人被定义为一种理性的存在，一种社会动物，一种会制造工具的动物，一种会制造符号的动物)”可知，大多数传统哲学家都认为人的本性从本质上说与其他动物的品质是显著不同的。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable.(怀疑人性概念的另一个原因可能在于进化思维的影响。一旦人类开始被看作是在进化的过程中发展起来的，那么包含在他的本质中的一种物质的观点似乎就站不住脚了)”可知，进化论的出现有力地挑战了传统的“人性”观。故选A。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text.(对原始人的研究发现了如此多样的习俗、价值观、情感和思想，以至于许多人类学家得出了这样的概念：人天生就是一张白纸，每个文化都在其上书写文字)”可知，许多人类学家认为人类天生没有固定的性质。故选C。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery.(例如，亚里士多德和18世纪以前的大多数思想家都为奴隶制辩护)”可推知，作者提到亚里士多德是为了表明“人性”的概念被用来为社会邪恶辩护。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
During your teen years, you will make some key decisions that can shape your future. So, choose wisely, and don't blow it.
If you do happen to blow it, however, it's not the end of the world. ____13____ Being a teen today is tougher than ever. While your grandparents may have had to walk uphill to school in the snow, you have a different set of challenges to meet. It's a totally different world!
____14____ Or you may be struggling with one of them or all of them. You need to think carefully about every decision you will make, the ins and outs, the good and the bad. And you can make informed decisions, with your eyes wide open.
Many decisions you make as a teen can impact your life forever. The good news is, where you end up ten years from now is up to you. ____15____ It's called free agency or free ill and it's your birthright. Ultimately, you, choose to be happy or miserable.
The reality is that although you are free to choose, you can choose the consequences of your choices. They're preloaded. It's a packaged deal. As the old saying goes “when you pick up one end of the stick, you also pick up the other” ____16____ For example, if you decide to do poorly in school rather than go to college, you'll suffer the natural consequences and may even find it hard even to get an interview for a well-paid job.
The word “decision” comes from the Latin root meaning “to cut off from”. ____17____ That's why decisions can be hard sometimes.
A. It can be different sometimes.
B. Your choice and consequences go hand in hand.
C. You need to think twice before you take action.
D. Saying “yes” to one thing means saying “no” to another.
E. You may not have thought much about these decisions.
F. You are free to choose what kind of life you want to have.
G. Just get back on track quickly and start making smarter choices
【答案】13. G 14. E 15. F 16. B 17. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了青少年做出正确决策的重要性和一些注意事项。
【13题详解】
根据前文“If you do happen to blow it, however, it's not the end of the world. (如果你真的搞砸了，也不是世界末日)”可知，作者在此处主要告诫读者不要因决策失误感到手足无措。G项Just get back on track quickly and start making smarter choices (重回正轨，开始做出更英明的决定)，承接上文，继续针对决策失误后鼓励读者尽快重新调整。故选G项。
【14题详解】
根据上段最后一句“you have a different set of challenges to meet. It's a totally different world! (你要面对各种各样的挑战。这是一个完全不同的世界)”可知，现在的青少年不得不自己独立应对困难。E项You may not have thought much about these decisions.(你可能从未过多考虑过这些决定)与空格后句“Or you may be struggling with one of them or all of them. (抑或是你纠结于某项选择或众多选择)”承接上文，具体指出青少年为解决问题，需要作出很多艰难的决定。为提出决策注意事项交代背景。故选E项。
【15题详解】
根据前文“Mary decisions you make as a teen can impact your life forever. The good news is, where you end up ten years from now is up to you. (你在青少年期做出的抉择也许影响你的一生。好消息是，十年后你的境遇如何完全取决于你)”可知，该处指出人生早期的很多决定会对你影响深远。F项. You are free to choose what kind of life you want to have. (你可以很自由地选择你想过什么样的人生)承接上文语意，表明未来你的人生境遇很大程度上取决于你现在的决定，主动权掌握在你自己手里。故选F项。
【16题详解】
根据后文“For example, if you decide to do poorly in school rather than go to college, you'll suffer the natural consequences and may even find it hard even to get an interview for a well-paid job. (例如，如果你决定在学校表现糟糕而不是考入大学，那么你必须承担这一决定的后果，甚至发现得到一份好的工作的面试机会都很难。)”可知，空格后句表明你现在做出的决定会对未来有关系，无论是消极还是积极的，你都要为当初的决定承担责任。E. Your choice and consequences go hand in hand. (你的选择和后果是息息相关的)指出做出的抉择会对未来有多重影响，符合上下文关联，故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据后文“That's why decisions can be hard sometimes. (那就是为什么决策有时非常困难)”可知，做决定有时非常艰难。D项Saying “yes” to one thing means saying “no” to another. (做出一项选择就意味着拒绝其他选择)表明制定决策的本质，解释了决策制定的困难之处。故选D项。
第三部分：语言运用（共三节，满分37.5分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Although an eager baker, I'm terrified of working with dough （生面团）. It is particularly ____18____ --- a heavy hand or a gentle press can result in catastrophic failure. Having gained some ____19____ while cooking regularly during this lockdown, I decided to bake a pie all by myself. Usually my mother would send over the shortcrust pastry （简易酥皮） to fill and bake, but it was time to relieve her of the ____20____.
When my pie came out, it didn't look very nice, but its taste ____21____ decades-old memories of opening the fridge ____22____ to break off pieces of buttery crust（黄油酥皮）, remaining pieces dropping on the floor and a frameless pie ____23____ my attempt to look innocent the next morning. It made me realize that the ____24____ of cooking goes beyond mere living during these troubled times.
During social distancing and self-isolation（自我隔离）, cooking connected us with the community at large. The community came to the ____25____ of many of us who weren't ____26____ in cooking as we burnt or misshaped things. A message from a friend, with whom I shared a banana ice cream _____27_____, lead to much laughter: “How do I get the skins off these bananas My hands are freezing and the banana skins are _____28_____!” I stated that they had to be _____29_____ in advance, a lesson I had learnt the hard way a week earlier.
It's simple to heat food in the microwave or order takeout with a click of a button. But to buy your _____30_____, store them, cut, chop（剁）, and stir-- each part of the process is an exercise in patience and creativity. _____31_____, in anxious and unstable times, cooking _____32_____ us of when things weren't so uncertain.
18. A. absurd B. flexible C. sensitive D. essential
19. A. support B. courage C. respect D. reputation
20. A. pain B. discomfort C. burden D. command
21. A. brought in B. brought back C. brought forth D. brought forward
22. A. secretly B. skillfully C. casually D. violently
23. A. betraying B. interrupting C. threatening D. accelerating
24 A. art B. joy C. effect D. value
25. A. mind B. attention C. rescue D. knowledge
26. A. interested B. disappointed C. weak D. expert
27. A. series B. recipe C. record D. theory
28. A. lost B. broken C. burnt D. stuck
29. A. picked B. watered C. skinned D. sliced
30. A. devices B. nutrients C. components D. ingredients
31. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise
32. A. reminds B. relieves C. informs D. warns
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者通过讲述在封锁期间烹饪的一些经历，感悟在焦虑和不稳定的时代，事情并不是那么不确定。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它是特别敏感的——沉重的手或温和的按压都可能导致灾难性的失败。A. absurd可笑的；B. flexible灵活的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. essential基本的。根据“a heavy hand or a gentle press can result in catastrophic failure.”可知生面团是非常敏感的。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在封锁期间，我经常做饭，这让我鼓起了一些勇气，我决定自己烤一个派。A. support支持；B. courage勇气；C. respect尊敬；D. reputation名声。根据“while cooking regularly during this lockdown”可知我鼓起了一些勇气。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，母亲会把简易酥皮送过来，让她填满馅，然后烘烤，但现在是时候减轻她的负担了。A. pain疼痛；B. discomfort不安；C. burden负担；D. command命令。根据“Usually my mother would send over the shortcrust pastry （简易酥皮） to fill and bake”结合下文从原材料到制作都是自己亲自动手，可知减轻了母亲的负担。故选C。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我的派出来的时候，看起来不太好，但它的味道让我想起了几十年前的回忆:我偷偷打开冰箱，撕掉黄油酥皮，剩下的碎片掉在地上，一个没有边框的派暴露了我第二天早上试图看起来无辜的企图。A. brought in引进；B. brought back使……回忆起来；C. brought forth产生；D. brought forward提出。根据“decades-old memories of opening the fridge ____5____ to break off pieces of buttery crust（黄油酥皮）, remaining pieces dropping on the floor and a frameless pie ____6____ my attempt to look innocent the next morning.”可知作者在回忆往事。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我的派出来的时候，看起来不太好，但它的味道让我想起了几十年前的回忆:我偷偷打开冰箱，撕掉黄油酥皮，剩下的碎片掉在地上，一个没有边框的派暴露了我第二天早上试图看起来无辜的企图。A. secretly秘密地；B. skillfully巧妙地；C. casually随意地；D. violently猛烈地。根据“remaining pieces dropping on the floor and a frameless pie ____6____ my attempt to look innocent the next morning”可知作者在偷吃东西，自然是偷偷打开冰箱。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的派出来的时候，看起来不太好，但它的味道让我想起了几十年前的回忆:我偷偷打开冰箱，撕掉黄油酥皮，剩下的碎片掉在地上，一个没有边框的派暴露了我第二天早上试图看起来无辜的企图。A. betraying出卖；B. interrupting打断；C. threatening威胁；D. accelerating使……加快。“没有边框的派”出卖了作者，作者的举动被父母识破。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这让我意识到，烹饪的价值不仅仅是生活在这个动荡的时代。 A. art艺术；B. joy快乐；C. effect效果；D. value价值。根据“But to buy your ____13____, store them, cut, chop（剁）, and stir-- each part of the process is an exercise in patience and creativity. ____14____, in anxious and unstable times, cooking ____15____ us of when things weren't so uncertain.”可知这里作者在谈论烹饪的价值。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：社区来拯救我们中的许多不擅长烹饪的人，因为我们会烧坏东西或把东西弄变形。A. mind介意；B. attention注意；C. rescue拯救；D. knowledge知识。根据“During social distancing and self-isolation（自我隔离）, cooking connected us with the community at large.”和“many of us who weren't ____9____ in cooking as we burnt or misshaped things.”可知社区来拯救我们。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：社区来拯救我们中的许多不擅长烹饪的人，因为我们会烧坏东西或把东西弄变形。A. interested感兴趣；B. disappointed失望的；C. weak虚弱的； D. expert熟练的。根据“we burnt or misshaped things.”可知我们中的许多人不擅长烹饪。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和一个朋友分享了一个香蕉冰淇淋的配方，这条消息引发了一阵笑声:“我怎么才能把香蕉皮去掉 ” 我的手冻僵了，香蕉皮都粘住了!” A. series系列； B. recipe配方；C. record记录；D. theory理论。根据“lead to much laughter: “How do I get the skins off these bananas My hands are freezing and the banana skins are ____11____!””可知我和一个朋友分享了一个香蕉冰淇淋的配方。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和一个朋友分享了一个香蕉冰淇淋的配方，这条消息引发了一阵笑声:“我怎么才能把香蕉皮去掉 ” 我的手冻僵了，香蕉皮都粘住了!”A. lost失去的； B. broken破碎的；C. burnt烧坏的；D. stuck动不了的。根据“My hands are freezing”和“I stated that they had to be ____12____ in advance, a lesson I had learnt the hard way a week earlier.”可知这里意思是香蕉皮都粘住了。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说，它们必须提前剥皮，这是我一周前经历的惨痛教训。A. picked挑选；B. watered浇水； C. skinned剥皮；D. sliced切成薄片。上文作者的朋友说香蕉皮粘在了手上，作者给出的建议是它们必须提前剥皮。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，购买原料、储存、切、剁、搅拌——这一过程的每一部分都是耐心和创造力的锻炼。A. devices装置；B. nutrients营养物；C. components部件；D. ingredients材料。根据“store them, cut, chop（剁）, and stir-- each part of the process is an exercise in patience and creativity.”可知这里提到的是原材料的问题。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，在焦虑和不稳定的时代，烹饪让我们想起了事情不是那么不确定的时候。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然后；D. Otherwise否则。根据“in anxious and unstable times, cooking ____15____ us of when things weren't so uncertain.”可知这是作者额外想到的事情,表示递进关系。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，在焦虑和不稳定的时期，烹饪让我们想起事情并不是那么不确定。A. reminds使想起；B. relieves解除；C. informs通知；D. warns警告。根据“when things weren't so uncertain.”可知,在焦虑和不稳定的时期，烹饪让我们想起事情并不是那么不确定。故选A。
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you someone who stays up late into the night, or do you rise with the sun each morning A new study finds that a person's sleep preferences may actually reveal how well they do their job. Researchers in Finland say “night owls” are twice as likely ____33____ (say) they struggle to perform at work. Even more ____34____ (concern), people who stay up late also have a higher risk of retiring due to disability than their “early bird” co-workers.
A team from the University of Oulu looked at over 12, 000 people ____35____ (take) part in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study during this project. The group (6,169 boys and 5,889 girls all born in 1966) ____36____ (survey) about their work life and health once they reached the age of 46. Researchers also asked each participant about their sleep patterns to evaluate which chronotype（睡眠类型） they belong ____37____. The Finnish team split the group into three chronotypes: early birds, an average group, and night owls.
Early risers tend to function better early in the morning. Night owls, on ____38____ other hand, are sharper during the evening and generally stay up later. Unfortunately, owls usually don't go to bed early enough to get the recommended amount of rest on work nights, ____39____ leaves them with a “sleep debt” and a need to catch up on sleep during their off days.
The results find this preference not only impacts work ____40____ (perform) throughout a person's career, but can also ____41____ (negative) affect health due to lack of sleep.
Study authors add that, no matter when they sleep, it's important for night owls to get enough sleep each night and find a work schedule which best fits ______42______ (they) chronotype.
【答案】33. to say
34. concerning
35. taking 36. was surveyed
37. to 38. the
39. which 40. performance
41. negatively
42. their
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了芬兰的研究团队对超过12000个人进行研究，发现晚睡会影响身体健康和事业。
【33题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：芬兰的研究人员说有两倍的“夜猫子”可能会说他们在工作中表现不佳。be likely to do是固定搭配，表示“可能做某事”，故填to say。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：甚至更令人担心的是，熬夜的人们要比“早起者”同事因为残疾而退休的风险更大。根据句意和句子结构可知，“Even more ________ (concern),”是做状语，空处应用形容词concerning，表示“令人担忧的”来做状语，故填concerning。
【35题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：来自奥卢大学的团队在这个项目期间考虑了参加芬兰北部1966年出生群体的研究12000多人。分析句子结构可知，空处放在people后面，做后置定语来修饰people，二者是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填taking。
【36题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：这一组人（6169位男生和5889为女生都出生在1966年）一旦到了46岁，就被调查他们的工作和健康。分析句子可知，空处应该填谓语，句子是描述过去的事，应用一般过去时，主语the group和survey是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was surveyed。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：研究人员也询问每个参与者的睡眠类型来评估他们属于哪种睡眠类型。belong to是固定搭配，表示“属于”，故填to。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：另一方面，夜猫子是在晚上更加敏捷，一般会熬夜很晚。On the hand，是固定搭配，表示“另一方面”，故填the。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：不幸运的是，夜猫子为了在夜班得到推荐的休息时间不会很早上床睡觉。这就会使他们“睡眠负债”并且需要在休息日补上睡眠。根据句意和分析句子结构，从空处到最后是定语从句，先行词是前面夜猫子不会很早睡觉这件事，逗号隔开是非限定性定语从句，故用which。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：结果发现这种偏好不仅在一个人的事业中影响工作表现，而且也会因为缺觉消极地影响健康。根据句意可知，空处是做impact的宾语，应用名词，work performance表示“工作表现”，故填performance。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：结果发现这种偏好不仅在一个人的事业中影响工作表现，而且也会因为缺觉消极地影响健康。affect为动词，应用副词来修饰，故填negatively。
【42题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：研究作者接着说，无论他们什么时候睡觉，对于夜猫子来说每晚得到足够的睡眠且找到一个最适合他们睡眠类型的工作计划是重要的。chronotype是名词，应用形容词性物主代词来修饰，故填their。
第三节单词拼写（共15小题；每小题0.5分，满分7.5分）
43. This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most people have natural r________ to it.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】resistance##esistance
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这种疾病很难感染，因为大多数人对它有天然抵抗力。根据单词首字母和句意“抵抗力”以及前文have natural可知，此处应用名词resistance作宾语，resistance为不可数名词。故填resistance。
44. The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood without r ________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】restrictions##estrictions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：游泳俱乐部对附近的家庭开放，没有任何限制。分析句子可知，withouth“没有”为介词，后面缺少名词作宾语。根据“The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood”可知，此处表示：没有限制，r开头的单词为restriction，此处用复数泛指，故填：restrictions。
45. I suggested to him that we should t________the problem another way.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】tackle##ackle
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我向他建议我们用另一种方法处理这个问题。根据单词首字母和句意“处理”可知，此处应用动词原形tackle和前文should一起构成谓语。故填tackle。
46. The agency will make travel arrangements for you. A ________, you can organize your own transport. It is up to your preference. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】Alternatively##lternatively
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：旅行社会为你安排旅行。 或者，你可以组织自己的交通工具。 这取决于你的喜好。该空修饰整个句子，用副词，表示“或者”，所以填Alternatively。
47. These p________(现象) are exceptions that exist in society nowadays.（根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】phenomena##henomena
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些现象都是当今社会存在的例外之事。根据单词首字母和句意“现象”以及前文These可知，此处应用名词phenomenon的复数形式phenomena。故填phenomena。
48. A________in the colourful broadcast programs, the boy didn’t finish his homework. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】Absorbed##bsorbed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：那男孩沉浸在五彩缤纷的广播节目中，没有完成家庭作业。分析句子结构，根据单词首字母以及句意“沉浸（在）”可知，此处应用动词absorb的过去分词转化的形容词absorbed，作状语，（be）absorbed in是固定搭配。故填Absorbed。
49. The s ________of the charity activities are highly thought of for their generous deeds. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】sponsors##ponsors
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：慈善活动的赞助者因其慷慨的行为而受到高度评价。分析句子可知，空处缺少句子的主语，且根据are可知，主语为名词复数。根据“the charity activities”及“are highly thought of”可知，此处表示赞助商sponsors。故填：sponsors。
50. Honey is sweet while vinegar is not. In other words, you can win people to your side more easily with gentle p_________rather than by force. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】persuasion##ersuasion
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：蜂蜜是甜的，而醋不是。换句话说，用温和的劝说比用武力更容易赢得人们的支持。根据单词首字母和句意“劝说”以及前文with可知，此处应用不可数名词persuasion，作介词宾语。故填persuasion。
51. A disagreeable doubt had ________(产生)before the meeting was held.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】arisen
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在会议召开之前产生了一个令人不快的疑问。根据语义和汉语提示“产生”以及前文had可知，此处应用动词arise的过去分词arisen和had一起构成过去完成时。故填arisen。
52. Different companies ________（专门经营） in different products. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】specialize
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：不同的公司专门经营不同的产品。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语动词，根据句意和汉语提示应填动词specialize“专门从事；专攻”符合题意，根据句意，用一般现在时，且主语是复数，谓语动词用复数，故填specialize。
53. He was injured accidentally last month and ________ (退出) from the competition. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】withdrew
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他上个月意外受伤并退出了比赛。根据语境和汉语提示“退出”以及前文was可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故用动词withdraw的过去式withdrew作并列谓语。故填withdrew。
54. But today, the three grains ________（排名） top in terms of their production volumes are rice, wheat and corn. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】ranking
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但今天，产量最高的三种粮食是水稻、小麦和玉米。分析句子可知，“排名”翻译为：rank，此处grains与rank构成主动关系，用现在分词ranking作grains的后置定语。故填：ranking。
55. People are eager to know the cause of the infectious disease, and the source is still under ________（调查）.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】investigation
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们迫切想要弄清楚这种传染病的原因，它的源头还正在调查之中。根据汉语提示“调查”，以及空格前的介词可知，该处应填写名词，且under investigation为固定搭配，意为：处于调查中。故填investigation。
56. Plans to drill for oil in the Arctic region are fiercely ________(反对) by conservationists. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】opposed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在北极地区钻探石油的计划遭到了环保主义者的强烈反对。根据句意和汉语提示“反对”以及前文助动词are可知，此处应用动词oppose的过去分词opposed一起构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填opposed。
57. He outlined his plans and then________(接着做，继而做) to explain them in more detail in the general meeting. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】proceeded
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他概述了他的计划，然后在股东大会上进一步详细解释了这些计划。此处作并列谓语，由并列谓语outlined 用一般过去时可知，proceed时态用一般过去时。故填proceeded。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节应用文（满分15分）
58. 假定你是李华，你班计划在校运动会开幕式上表演少数民族舞蹈—竹竿舞（bamboo dance）。正在你校做交换生的Jack擅长跳舞，请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.邀请他参加表演；
2.开幕式时间、地点及亮点。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jack,
The annual sports meeting of our school will be held in the playground next month. There will be Chinese ethnic minority group dance performances at the opening ceremony. I know you are good at dancing, so I'm writing to invite you to join our class in performing a bamboo dance. Dancing to the music in colorful costumes will undoubtedly be interesting. Moreover, it's a great chance for you to get to know more about Chinese culture.
We'll start to practice this Friday. I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生Jake写信邀请他参加校运动会开幕式上的民族舞蹈表演。
【详解】1.词汇积累
被举办：be held→be arranged
擅长于：be good at→be skilled at
有趣的：interesting→enjoyable
机会：chance→opportunity
2.句式
拓展并列句变复合句
原句：I know you are good at dancing, so I'm writing to invite you to join our class in performing a bamboo dance.
拓展句：I'm writing to invite you to join our class in performing a bamboo dance in that I know you are good at dancing.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The annual sports meeting of our school will be held in the playground next month. （运用了被动语态）
【高分句型2】Dancing to the music in colorful costumes will undoubtedly be interesting. （运用了动名词作主语）
第二节读后续写（满分25分）
59. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Raelene seemed to be in trouble with her mother. It seemed like her mother was screaming all the time. Raelene couldn't bear it. She tried to keep to herself and out of her mother's way. At times she shut herself in her room but her mother would follow her in, still shouting at her and telling her to do things.
One day, when her mother had been screaming, Raelene went outside to get away from it all. Her pet dog, Crystal, came running up to her, tail wagging, but Raelene had had enough and screamed at Crystal. Crystal dropped her tail between her legs and turned around to run off, looking for a place to hide. Raelene saw how Crystal had run away when she screamed. She thought how it was like what she did when her mother screamed at her.
At school, Raelene was studying science and had learned about experiments, so she decided to carry out an experiment with Crystal. She sat down on the ground, closer to Crystal's height where she could see Crystal's nose and eyes peeping (偷看) around the corner of the house. Raelene began to talk to Crystal in a soft, gentle voice. This was the experiment. What she said and how she said it were different. Her words said Crystal was a bad dog for running away and hiding. However, she said it in a gentle, loving, and caring voice. Soon Crystal moved out from around the corner and came back with her tail wagging and her whole body full of excitement.
Raelene continued her experiment. She now told Crystal what a good dog she was and how she was the only person who seemed to understand Raelene-- but how she did it was in a loud, shouting voice. Crystal again dropped her tail between her legs and ran around the corner.
“This is interesting,” thought Raelene. She now used the same loving words in a gentle, loving voice. Again Crystal emerged and rested her head on Raelene's lap.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Raelene continued to experiment with different things.
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After that Raelene began to experiment when her mother was screaming.
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【答案】One possible version:
Raelene continued to experiment with different things. She made her speech fast as though she sounded excited or slow like she was sad, loud like she was angry or soft as if it was comforting. Crystal responded to the sound of her voice, or how she said something, rather than the actual words, or what she said. Raelene began to wonder if this was how she was responding to her mother. Was she escaping from the screaming, like Crystal, and not hearing the actual words her mother was saying.
After that Raelene began to experiment when her mother was screaming. It wasn't always easy and she had to frequently remind herself: Listen to the words rather than the screaming; hear what she is saying rather than how she is saying it. In that way, she could hear what was asked of her and do what was necessary to avoid getting into trouble so much. She wasn't so sure if her approach worked, but she found her mother was screaming less.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Raelene认为妈妈总是在大叫，无法和她正确交流。一次，她受不了了，对她养的宠物狗Crystal尖叫，发现了狗对于自己尖叫的反应和自己对于母亲尖叫的反应是相似的。因此，她决定做一些情感反应实验，来观察狗对于不同的情绪的反应。最后，她发现了，她一直都没有认真听见母亲说了什么话，而将太多的关注放在尖叫上。再次认真聆听母亲的话语后，她发现母亲的尖叫声少了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Raelene继续用不同的东西做实验。”可知，第一段可描写Raelene如何与狗一起做实验及实验中的思考。
②由第二段首句内容“从那以后，当母亲尖叫时，雷琳开始尝试。 ”可知，第二段可描写Raelene在母亲尖叫时进行实验，努力尝试听清母亲说的话的内容。
2.续写线索：与狗做实验——自我反思——与母亲做实验——克服困难——实验结果
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.听/关注：listen to/focus on
②.听见/接受：hear/receive
情绪类
①.激动：excited/thrilled/cheerful
②.悲伤：sad/in a bad mood/in low spirits
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Crystal dropped her tail between her legs and turned around to run off, looking for a place to hide.（非谓语动词作状语）
[高分句型2].She sat down on the ground, closer to Crystal's height where she could see Crystal's nose and eyes peeping around the corner of the house.（由关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句）
