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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 6 Ancient Stories Period 3导学案
学生姓名 班级 序号
课题内容 Grammar
教材分析 Grammar板块由两部分组成。A部分介绍了含有since和for引导的时间状语的现在完成时的用法。B部分介绍了现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
学习目标 与 核心素养 语言知识 在现在完成时中运用由since或for引导的时间状语。
语言技能 掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
情感态度 注意发现现在完成时的语言规律，并能运用规律举一反三。
学习重点 掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
学习难点 在具体语境中正确运用现在完成时。
温故知新
( )1. I ________ at this school for two years already.
A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied
( )2. Lisa _______ as an animal trainer since 2003.
A. has worked B. works C. will work D. have worked
复习上节我们学习了现在完成时的含义、标志词和现在完成时的构成: ______________________。下面我们一起进行更深入的学习。
A. 含有since和for引导的时间状语的现在完成时态
1. I have not laughed like this since my childhood. 我从小就没有这样笑过。
2. The Greeks have tried to capture our city for ten years. 希腊人努力攻占我们的城市十年了。
【探索】
since 其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句(过去时)，表示动作或状态从过去的某个时间点开始 since＋时间点 ①两者均可用于完成时态，且动词必须是延续性动词 ②“since＋时间点”可以和“for＋一段时间”进行同义句转换 ③对其提问应用how long
since＋一段时间＋ago
since＋从句(过去时)
It’s＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时的句子
for 其后接表示“一段时间”的名词短语 for＋一段时间
【对点专练】
( )① —Lucy, is your uncle a teacher
—Yes, he is. He ________ history for nearly 20 years.
A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach
( )②It has been six weeks ________ I met you last time.
A. when B. since C. before D. for
B.短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常与for或since连用，此时需要用延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：
短暂性动词 延续性动词 短暂性动词 延续性动词
have arrived/ reached have been in have begun/started have been on
have borrowed have kept have bought have had
have closed/opened have been closed/open have died have been dead
have join have been in have left have been away
have become have been have caught/got a cold have had a cold
have finished have been over have come back have been back
【对点专练】
( )① —Lucy’s grandfather ________ for three years. Lucy still misses him.
—Lucy really had a very close relationship with her grandfather.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
( )② —Do you know Mike in Class 3
—Yes, of course. We ________ friends since five years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
C. have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别
1. Daming has been to England three times. 大明去过英格兰三次。
2. Daming isn’t here. He has gone to England. 大明不在这里。他去了英格兰。
3. Daming has been in England for three years. He studies English there.
大明在英格兰已经三年了。他在那里学英语。
【探索】
1. have been to：去过某地(表示曾经去过某地而现在已返回，常与ever, never, once等词连用)
2. have gone to：去了某地(表示某人已去了某地，不在说话的地方了，一般用于第三人称)
3. have been in：待在某地(强调过去到现在一直待在某地，通常与一段时间连用)
【对点专练】
( )①John ________ Beijing three times, because he loves Chinese culture a lot.
A. went to B. had gone to C. has gone to D. has been to
( )② — I haven’t seen Lucy recently.
— She ________ Beijing on business. She said she would be back in two days.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. have been in
D. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. I have studied history for two years. I had a history lesson yesterday.
我学了两年历史。我昨天上了历史课。
2. I have learnt a lot about Greek history. I read the story of the Trojan War last week.
我学到了很多关于希腊历史的知识。我上周读了特洛伊战争的故事。
现在完成时 表示在时间所发生的事，不强调它何时发生，只强调它对现在造成的影响，常用现在完成时 常与for, since等引导的时间状语连用，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用
一般过去时 表示一个过去的时间发生的动作，不涉及它和现在的联系，常用一般过去时 含有yesterday, last week等表示明显的过去时间的状语
【对点专练】
( )① —I ________ you just now, but you didn’t answer it.
—I am sorry about that.
A. will call B. have called C. called D. am calling
( )② —________ you ________ your homework
—Yes, I have. I ________ it an hour ago.
A. Did; finish; finished B. Have; finished; finished
C. Have; finished; have finished D. Did; finish; have finished
巩固练习
Ⅰ. 语法巩固
( )1. —Where is Suzy
—She isn’t here now because she ________ the zoo.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. have gone to
( )2. Mike ________ the storybook for a month and he has already finished reading it.
A. has bought B. has borrowed C. has lent D. has had
( )3. — I ________ my homework yet. How about you, Jack
— Oh. I ________ it a moment ago.
A. didn’t do; finish B. haven’t done; finished
C. haven’t done; have finished D. don’t do; finish
( )4. The film Operation Red Sea ________ a lot of praise since its first show months ago.
A. wins B. won C. will win D. has won
( )5. —Why don’t you go to the movie with me, Gina
—Because I ________ it twice.
A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see
Ⅱ. 选用for和since填空
1. We haven’t seen each other _______ a long time.
2. His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3. The film has been on _______ 20 minutes.
4. Mr. Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5. His grandparents have been dead _______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
Grammar同步练习
一、单项选择。
( )1. My friend's new restaurant in Wanda Plaza(万达广场) ________ two years ago, but I ________ there so far.
A. has opened; haven't been B. was open; haven't been
C. was open; haven't gone D. has been open; haven't gone
( )2. Miss Zhang, the most beautiful teacher, ________ many flowers and letters these days.
A. received B. will receive C. was receiving D. has received
( )3.—Mike, why are you watching TV again
—I ________ my homework.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. am finishing
( )4.—China develops so fast.
—That's true. It _____ a lot since the reform and opening up.
A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed
( )5.—Lucy has been to the Great Wall.
—Really When ________ she ________ there
A. will; go B. did; go C. does; go D. has; gone
二、根据句子或对话内容，用for或since填空。
1. Jack hasn't been back to his country ________ he was 6 years old.
2. I haven't seen Kate ________ a long time.
3. —How long have you lived in Guangzhou
—I have lived here ________ more than ten years.
4. Cathy hasn't phoned me ________ she went to Berlin.
5. It has been rainy ________ May. It has lasted ________ two months.
三、用括号中动词的正确时态填空。
1. I ________ (meet) my first teacher in the park just now.
2. Many people ________ (lose) their homes in the war forty years ago.
3. Mark __________ (finish) his homework already, so he can watch TV now.
4. I ____________ (keep) this dictionary for two weeks. I should give it back to the library.
5. I ________ (begin) to learn English when I was young.
四、语法填空。
6. The war lasted 100 years, and finally, the Greeks ____________ (capture) the city.
7. —________ you ever ________ (see) the movie —No, I haven't.
8. Lucy ________ (join) a dancing club in her school two weeks ago.
9. I ________ not ________ (come) to the city for two years. I miss it so much.
10. My brother ________ (live) here since he was born. He loves his hometown very much.
五、根据文章内容，用所给单词的正确形式填空。
A long time ago, there was an old farmer in a small village. He always 1.________ (lose) his donkeys(驴). One day, he 2.________ (go) to the town to buy another one. To his surprise, he saw one of his lost donkeys. He said to the seller, “Someone 3.________ (steal) it from me three days ago.” But the seller said, “The donkey 4.__________ (be) mine for three years.” After hearing that, the farmer quickly 5.________ (cover) the eyes of the donkey and said, “Now that you 6. ____________ (keep) it for three years, please tell me which eye of it is blind？” The seller 7.__________ (answer) it wrongly, because the donkey was not blind in either eye. The seller turned out to be a thief and he was caught by the police. Finally, the farmer got his own donkey back.
参考答案：
课前预习
D, A, have/has＋动词的过去分词
课堂同步
A 对点专练：BB
B 对点专练：CB
C 对点专练：DA
D 对点专练：CB
巩固练习：
I BDBDB
II
1. for 2. since 3. for 4. since 5. for 6. since
课后训练
一、BDCDB
二、1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since, for
三、1. met 2. lost 3. has finished 4. have kept 5. began
6. captured 7. Have, seen 8. joined 9. have, come 10. has lived
四、1. lost 2. went 3. stole 4. has been 5. covered
6. have kept 7. answered
五、CDABB
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共36张PPT)
Unit 6 Ancient Stories
Grammar
牛津深圳版（广州·沈阳通用）
八年级上
Lead in
Videos
They’ve gone and we’ve won.
They’ve left their horse.
has/have done something
The present perfect tense
We can use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the past but have a connection to the present. It is formed with has/have + the past participle of the verb.
I have finished.
She has not gone.
Have they won Yes, they have.
No, they have not.
Revision
Sweep the floor. Make the bed. Wash the dishes. Hang up the clothes. Fix the chair. Empty the rubbish bin. Paint the wall. Mend the hole in the carpet. And get rid of those rats!
At once, sir!
Look and read
This is a soldier’s room. It is in a mess. The captain is giving him the order to clean it.
The soldier has swept the floor
He has not made the bed.
He has washed the dishes.
He has not painted the wall.
True or false
Now look at the pictures below and decide whether the following statements are T (True) or F (False).
T
F
T
T
Later the soldier reported back to the captain. This is part of what he said. Look at the pictures below and complete the sentences with have or have not, and the right forms of the verbs.
have fixed
have emptied
have hung up
have not mended (the hole in)
I (1)_________________ the chair.
I (2)_________________ the rubbish bin.
I (3)_________________ the clothes.
I (4)_________________ ___________ the carpet.
The captain also asked the soldier some plete their conversations and answers with Yes or No, have or haven’t and the right forms of the verbs. The first one has been done for you.
_______ you _______ the floor
_______, I _______.
_______ you _______ the wall
_______, I _______.
_______ you _______ the dishes
_______, I _______.
_______ you _______ the bed
_______, I _______.
Have
swept
Yes
have
Have
painted
No
haven’t
Have
washed
Yes
have
Have
made
Yes
have
While - Learning
We often use since and for with the present perfect tense
The present perfect tense with since and for
I have not laughed like this since my childhood.
The Greeks have tried to capture our city for ten years.
Work out the rule
We use since with (a period of time/a point in time).
We use for with (a period of time/a point in time).
Grammar
Choose since or for when they are in the present perfect tense
_______ 1997
_______ a long time
_______I was 12
_______ two days ago
_______ a month
_______ he was born
_______ ten years
since与for划线提问都用how long, 用法相同
for
for
for
since
since
since
since
Presentation
“for + 段时间”，意为“(到现在为止) 有……的时间了”，如 for a long time, for 10 years等等。
与现在完成时连用时需注意以下几点：
瞬间动词不能与“for+一段时间”连用表示动作的连续性，应改用持续性动词。如：He has left for five minutes. ( )
He has been away for five minutes. ( )
瞬间动词的否定形式可以与“for + 一段时间”连用，说明某个动作不发生的状态已持续了一段时间。如：I haven’t met him for years.
瞬间动词表示短暂的动作，如come，go，leave，start, begin, become, receive, die等；而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作，如work，stay，leave，live，learn等。
Presentation
“since + 时间点”， 意为“自……以来”，如 since August 2003, since yesterday, since two o’clock等。
与现在完成时连用时需注意以下几点：
瞬间动词的否定形式与“since+时间点”连用表示某动作不发生的状态已经持续了一段时间。如：
I have waited here for you since 2 o’clock.
I haven’t heard from him since March.
此外，since后还可引导时间状语从句，且从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时。如：Helen has not been back to her primary school since she left.
注意：for和since不能同时使用。如：
Alice has lived in Beijing for twenty years since 1993.
Presentation
注意：瞬间动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或表示状态的形容词、副词或介词短语来替换这些瞬间动词。转换后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。
少数瞬间动词可以转换为其相应的持续性动词，如：
borrow → have/has kept buy → have/has had
有些瞬间动词可以用相应的介词短语、形容词、副词或名词与be的现在完成时连用，表示状态的延续，如：arrive in/at → have/has been in/at,
join → have/has been in或have/has been a member of
die → have/has been dead, leave → have/has been away,
begin/start → have/has been on, end/finish → have /has been over
come to → be in / at, go out → be out, open→ be open, close → be closed
选用since或for填空。
1. ______ two years
2. ______ two years ago
3. ______ last month
4. ______ 1999
5. ______ 4 hours
6. ______ an hour ago
7. ______ we were children
8. ______ she left here
for
since
since
since
for
since
since
since
Practice
Hans is from Hamburg in Germany. He is talking to Doris. Read their conversation and answer the following questions.
Where does Hans live
He _______ in ____________.
How long has Hans lived in Hamburg
He __________ there _____________.
How long has Doris lived in Shanghai
She ____________ there ______________.
Where was Doris born
She ___________________________.
lives
Hamburg
has lived
since 1996
has lived
for 14 years
was born in Shanghai
Practice
Doris is talking about herself. Read what she says and then decide whether the following sentences are T (True) or F (False). Correct any false ones.
Hello. I’m Doris. It’s now November 2012. I’ve lived in Shanghai since November 1998. I’ve studied at New Point Junior High School for one year and two months. I’ve been in the Science Club for one year. I joined the Volleyball Club two months ago.
Practice
1. Doris has lived in Shanghai for four years. T/F
___________________________________
2. She has studied at New Point Junior High
School since September 2010. T/F
___________________________________
3. She has been in the Science Club since November 2011. T/F
_____________________________________
4. She has been in the Volleyball Club for two
months. T/F
______________________________________
fourteen
2011
Practice
1) We use (the present perfect tense /the simple past tense) to talk about a past experience which has a connection to the present.
2) We use (the present perfect tense/the simple past tense) to talk about a completed action in the past.
We can use both the present prefect tense and the simple past tense to talk about a past experience.
B The present perfect tense and
the simple past tense
I have studied History for two years. I had a History lesson yesterday.
I have learnt a lot about Greek history. I read the story of the Trojan War last week.
Work out the rule
Grammar
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
现在完成时与一般过去时
now
past
future
现在完成时
一般过去时
Presentation
如果同时考虑过去和现在，就用现在完成时；如果不考虑现在，就不用现在完成时。如：
She has just had her lunch.
她刚吃过午饭。(表示她现在不饿。)
She had her lunch two hours ago.
她两小时前吃了午饭。(仅说明事实，不知道她现在饿不饿。)
现在完成时通常不与表示过去时间的词语连用。如yesterday, last week, then, three years ago, in 1980等。如：
I have visited the Bund in Shanghai yesterday in 1980.( )
Presentation
如果与表示“到现在为止的某个/任意时间”的词语连用，如ever, before, never, yet, recently, already, lately等，通常用现在完成时。如：
I have never seen that film.
I have read the book recently.
如果考虑的是“到现在为止”的一段时间，通常使用现在完成时。如果考虑的是一个已经过去的时间，就用一般过去时。如：
You have helped me a lot.
你已经帮了我很多忙了。(到目前为止)
My grandmother took good care of me.
我奶奶曾悉心地照顾我。 (在她活着的时候。)
Presentation
I have visited Hong Kong.
I visited Hong Kong last summer.
They have just arrived in Beijing.
Liu Mei went to Beijing last week.
My car has broken down.
My car broke down.
Read the following sentences and tell the differences between them.
So Hong Kong is not new to me.
I am talking about the past.
So they are in Beijing now.
We do not know whether she is in Beijing now.
It is still broken.
We do not know whether it is now working.
Practice
1. We began to learn English three years ago.
We ______ ______ English ______ three years.
2. My father got there two days ago.
My father _____ _____ _____ for two days.
3. Mr Li began to teach English in this school in 1999. Mr Li _____ _____ English in this school since 1999.
4. The factory opened ten years ago.
The factory _____ _____ _____ for ten years.
同义句转换。
have learnt for
has been there
has taught
has been open
Practice
Read the following conversation between the captain and a soldier from the story “The Trojan plete it with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.
Soldier: Captain! Captain! The Greeks ____________ (go).
They________(leave) last night.
Captain: Great! They _______(come) here ten years ago
and _________ (try) many times to capture our
city, but they couldn’t. We ____________(win) .
Soldier: But they ____________(leave) a huge wooden
horse. Can you see it outside the gates The
Greeks __________ (not take) it with them.
Captain: Let’s keep it then. Go and pull
it into the city.
have gone
left
came
have tried
have won
have left
didn’t take
Practice
Complete the diary below with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.
Thursday, 10 November
A new bookshop __________(open) the day before yesterday near my school. I _______(go) there with my cousin this afternoon.
I ________________ (buy) a travel book about Greece. I__________________(never be) to Greece, but my cousin ______ (visit) the country last year. I ____________(see) some of her photos. Greece is such a beautiful country. My cousin ________(buy) a book about ancient Greece. I _________(read) a few pages of the book with her. I think it’s very interesting.
opened
went
bought
have never been
visited
have seen
bought
have read
Practice
Post-Learning
区别 结构 常见连用词
现在完成时 （表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果） have / has +过去分词 haven’t / hasn’t + 过去分词 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 this day， these days，now，already，ever, yet, just, before, recently, up to now, in the last few years ...
一般过去时 （表示单纯的过去的事实或状态） 主语+动词过去式+其他 主语+didn‘t+ 动词原形 Did+主语+动词原形 yesterday, last X, just now, then, X ago, in 1994 ...
注意：在用when提问的句子中，一般都使用一般过去时。
Summary
1. I ___________ (work) in the school since
I ______ (move) here in 2006.
2. The Smiths _____ (go) to Shanghai in 2008. They _________ (be) there since then.
3. Shenzhen ____ (be) a small town in the past, but now it __________ (become) a large modern city.
4. I ____ already _______ (write) the article. I _______ (finish) it yesterday.
5. — I ___ (see) the film So Young yesterday.
— Did you I ____________ (not see) it yet.
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
have worked
moved
went
have been
was
has become
have
written
finished
saw
haven’t seen
Practice
1. I have been in Hong Kong for two days. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ____ ___ been in Hong Kong
2. The girl began to learn English five years ago. (改为同义句)
The girl ___ _____ English ___ five years.
3. The girl has been a nurse since she left school.
(对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ___ the girl been a nurse
4. I have had this bike since 2002. (改为同义句)
I ______ this bike ___ 2002.
5. The children arrived here at 9 o’clock. (改为同义句)
The children ____ ____ here _____ 9 o’clock.
按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
How long have you
has learnt
for
How long has
bought in
have been since
Practice
选择题
1. ---Wendy,how long have you had the Huawei P30 pro
---A couple of days. I _______it last week.
A.bought B.buy C.will buy D.have bought
2. ---Have you ______chemistry for coming exam
----Yes. I'm quite ready for it.
A.repeated B.copied C.marked D.reviewed
3. He ______me his name,but I can't remember it now.
A.tells B.will tell C.told D.is telling
Practice
4. ---My feelings for you have not changed.
---But you have changed. You are not as you____.
A.are B.were C.will be D.have been
5.I ____Game of Thrones(《权力的游戏》）with my friends last month.It's amazing.
A.watch B.watched C.watches D.have watched
6. I _____abroad for several years,but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland.
A.am living B.lived C.have lived
7. --- Where did you go last winter vacation
--- I _____to London with my family.
A.go B.have gone C.went D.was going
8. His car ______ five years ago, but it looks quite new.
A.buys B.bought C.is bought D.was bought
复习Grammar笔记，背写序数词。
完成导学卷的《课后练习》。
Homework
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Unit 6 Ancient Stories 教学设计
课题 Period 3 Grammar 单元 Unit 6 学科 英语 年级 八年级上
教材分析 Grammar板块由两部分组成。A部分介绍了含有since和for引导的时间状语的现在完成时的用法。B部分介绍了现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
学习目标与核心素养 语言知识 在现在完成时中运用由since或for引导的时间状语。
语言技能 掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
情感态度 注意发现现在完成时的语言规律，并能运用规律举一反三。
重点 掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
难点 在具体语境中正确运用现在完成时。
教学过程
教学环节 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图
导入新课 Warm upPlay a video to review the present perfect tenseShow some examples on the present perfect tense and exercise.Check the answers. Watch a video to review the present perfect tense.Review the structure and basic usage of the present perfect tense.Discuss and finish the exercise. To arouse the interest and lead them to get into the grammar
新课讲授 1. the Present Perfect Tense with since and forInvite them to read the example sentences on P87 and then discuss to find the rules: the differences between since and for2.Practise since and for: 2 students a group to make a dialogue like:---How long have you studied English --- For ten years.3. Ask them to summarize the adverbial time of the present perfect tense.4. The present perfect tense and the simple past tenseShow Ss the differences the two tenses.4. Practice makes perfect.Present the task, and limit the time for students to finish the exercise. 1. Read the sentences and then discuss in groups to summarize the rules: you can refer to the information on P87 to finish the task of the teacher’s.2. Get to know the rules of the game and then divide the task in groups. Try your best to practice the dialogue.3. Student summarize the adverbial time of the present perfect tense.4. Read and learn. Find out the rules individually. Take notes and finish the tasks.Finish the exercise individually. Check the answers with each other and then discuss the mistakes. 1. Have the students to summarize the rules by themselves.2. Using a game to help the students use the grammar as well as cultivate their spirit of team-work.3. Have the students to summarize the rules by themselves.4. To consolidate what they have learned in this class
课堂小结 Give more exercises to consolidate the forms and usage of the present perfect tense and the past tense Go over the different usages of since and for; Go over the two tenses. To make students have a good habit of taking notes and have a general understanding of this class
板书 Unit 6 Grammar现在完成时A. since 和for在现在完成时态中的应用since 作介词时，后面可以接一个具体的过去时间点，如：since 1980；也可以接“ 一段时间+ ago”，如：since two months ago，since three years ago。since 还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。例如：We have known each other since we went to college.我们上大学时就互相认识了。for 后面接时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间，如：for half an hour，for three years。注意：非延续性动词不能直接跟for 或since引导的时间状语连用，但可以用相应的延续性动词或表示状态的形容词、副词或介词短语来替换这些非延续性动词。如：come to → be in / at，go out → be out，leave → be away，begin / start → be on，stop → be over，buy → have，borrow → keep / have，open → be open，close → be closed，join → be in / be a member of，die → be dead，catch a cold → have a cold，get to know → know，become → be，fall asleep → be asleep，fall ill → be ill等。例如：他离开家乡已经两年了。错误说法：He has left his hometown for two years.正确说法：He has been away from his hometown for two years.B. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响，主要说明现在的情况；一般过去时强调事情发生的时间在过去，不涉及对现在的影响，且句中一般含有表示过去的时间状语。试比较：The plane has arrived. 飞机已经抵达了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是在一刻钟之前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去。）
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